CN112606495A - 一种复合型抗爆防护结构 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种复合型抗爆防护结构,包括:负泊松比结构层和仿生凸起层,所述负泊松比结构层和仿生凸起层贴合,所述负泊松比结构层由胞体单元组成,本发明的仿生凸起层具有优良的抗穿刺性能,负泊松比结构具有良好的低面密度、高抗冲击强度和良好的吸能减震性,二者结合可以同时抵御爆炸冲击波和高速破片联合毁伤。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及防爆结构技术领域,尤其涉及一种复合型抗爆防护结构。
背景技术
防爆结构的研究大多集中在冲击波和破片单一作用下,而在冲击波与破片二者联合作用下防护结构的研究相对较少。
为抵御爆炸冲击波和高速破片联合毁伤作用,根据不同材料的防护性能进行合理排布和设计,形成一种混杂的层叠组合结构,以达到充分利用材料抗侵彻或抗冲击特性的目的。其中以陶瓷、纤维增强复合材料芯层和金属面板组成的夹层结构最典型,并认为陶瓷、纤维增强复合材料可抵御高速破片的侵彻,金属面板主要抵御冲击波的破坏。但是,这种设计方法大多停留在增加材料厚度的方法提高防护性能,较少研究新的结构形式,同时考虑破片和冲击波的耦合作用下,新型防护结构防爆效能研究与优化设计亟待开展。
发明内容
本发明提供一种复合型抗爆防护结构,用以解决现有技术中防爆结构重量大、防爆性能差的问题。
本发明提供一种复合型抗爆防护结构,包括:负泊松比结构层和仿生凸起层,所述负泊松比结构层和仿生凸起层贴合,所述负泊松比结构层由胞体单元组成。
根据本发明提供的一种复合型抗爆防护结构,所述仿生凸起层包括背衬和若干凸起,所述凸起均匀排列在背衬远离负泊松比结构层的一侧上。
根据本发明提供的一种复合型抗爆防护结构,所述凸起为半球型凸起。
根据本发明提供的一种复合型抗爆防护结构,所述半球型凸起为空心结构。
根据本发明提供的一种复合型抗爆防护结构,所述负泊松比结构层和仿生凸起层之间设有缓冲层。
根据本发明提供的一种复合型抗爆防护结构,所述负泊松比结构层为蜂窝形负泊松比结构,所述蜂窝型负泊松比结构由胞体单元阵列并进行轴向拉伸组成三维蜂窝结构。
根据本发明提供的一种复合型抗爆防护结构,所述胞体单元为内凹型胞体单元。
根据本发明提供的一种复合型抗爆防护结构,所述胞体单元内设有填充物。
根据本发明提供的一种复合型抗爆防护结构,所述仿生凸起层采用B4C陶瓷材料制成。
根据本发明提供的一种复合型抗爆防护结构,所述负泊松比结构层以TC4钛合金粉末为材料制成,所述负泊松比结构层采用3D打印技术加工成型。
本发明提供的复合型抗爆防护结构,仿生凸起层具有优良的抗穿刺性能,负泊松比结构具有良好的低面密度、高抗冲击强度和良好的吸能减震性,二者结合可以同时抵御爆炸冲击波和高速破片联合毁伤。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作一简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明提供的复合型抗爆防护结构的剖视图;
图2是本发明提供的负泊松比结构层的结构示意图;
图3是本发明提供的仿生凸起层的结构示意图;
附图标记:
1:负泊松比结构层; 2:仿生凸起层; 3:缓冲层;
4:胞体单元; 5:半球型凸起; 6:背衬;
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明中的附图,对本发明中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
下面结合图1-图3描述本发明的复合型抗爆防护结构,包括:负泊松比结构层1和仿生凸起层2,负泊松比结构层1和仿生凸起层2贴合,仿生凸起层2具有优良的抗穿刺性能,负泊松比结构具有良好的低面密度、高抗冲击强度和良好的吸能减震性,二者结合可以同时抵御爆炸冲击波和高速破片联合毁伤,负泊松比结构层1由胞体单元4组成。
仿生凸起层2包括背衬6和若干凸起,凸起为半球型凸起5,凸起均匀排列在背衬6远离负泊松比结构层1的一侧上。半球型凸起5直径为0.16m,半球形凸起5设置在背衬6的同一面,半球形凸起5平面端与背衬6连接,背衬6没有设置半球形凸起5的一面与负泊松比结构层1贴合,半球型凸起5均匀布满背衬6。
半球型凸起5为空心结构。减轻重量的同时还可以增加抗冲击性。
负泊松比结构层1和仿生凸起层2之间设有缓冲层3。缓冲层与仿生凸起层没有设置凸起的一面贴合,缓冲层3可以进一步缓解冲击力,同时也减小负泊松比结构层1和仿生凸起层2之间力的直接冲突,避免造成损坏。缓冲层3可以为UHMWPE纤维缓冲板或碳化硼陶瓷板,缓冲层3与负泊松比结构层1和仿生凸起层2胶粘。
负泊松比结构层1为蜂窝形负泊松比结构,所述蜂窝型负泊松比结构由胞体单元4阵列并进行轴向拉伸组成三维蜂窝结构。窝型防爆结构由于具有轻质高强、多部件一体化、可设计性强、制造成本低、开发周期短等多种优势,在军工、航空航天和机械工程等工程领域有着广泛的应用前景。
胞体单元4为内凹型胞体单元。具体为内凹六边形胞体单元,常见的蜂窝结构一般分为正四边形、正六边形和内凹六边形蜂窝。内凹六边形蜂窝结构对爆炸能量的吸收和爆炸冲击波的削减的效果明显强于正四边形蜂窝结构和正六边形蜂窝结构。
所述内凹型防爆结构为一个二维的内凹蜂窝结构向第三维度拉伸形成,所述内凹型防爆结构竖直方向为多个完全相同的内凹型胞体单元对齐排列组成,所述内凹型防爆结构水平方向为多个完全相同的内凹型胞体单元交错排列而成,所述每个内凹型胞体单元的左(右)上侧凹面和左(右)下侧凹面分别与左(右)侧一列所述相邻两个内凹型胞体单元的右(左)下侧凹面和右(左)上侧凹面重合。
每个所述内凹型胞体单元的尺寸、凹角和形状完全相同。
所述内凹型胞体单元的平面尺寸均为0.022m×0.022m,内凹角均为30°。
胞体单元4内设有填充物。填充物用于增强负泊松比结构的抗冲击性,胞体单元4受力压缩时,内设的填充物可以提供一定的力用于缓冲,也可以起到一定的支撑作用。填充物可以与胞体单元4形状一致,也可以为支撑杆状。
仿生凸起层2采用B4C陶瓷材料制成。
负泊松比结构层1以TC4钛合金粉末为材料制成,负泊松比结构层1采用3D打印技术加工成型。
最后应说明的是:以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种复合型抗爆防护结构,其特征在于,包括:负泊松比结构层和仿生凸起层,所述负泊松比结构层和仿生凸起层贴合,所述负泊松比结构层由胞体单元组成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合型抗爆防护结构,其特征在于,所述仿生凸起层包括背衬和若干凸起,所述凸起均匀排列在背衬远离负泊松比结构层的一侧上。
3.根据权利要求2所述的复合型抗爆防护结构,其特征在于,所述凸起为半球型凸起。
4.根据权利要求3所述的复合型抗爆防护结构,其特征在于,所述半球型凸起为空心结构。
5.根据权利要求1所述的复合型抗爆防护结构,其特征在于,所述负泊松比结构层和仿生凸起层之间设有缓冲层。
6.根据权利要求1所述的复合型抗爆防护结构,其特征在于,所述负泊松比结构层为蜂窝形负泊松比结构,所述蜂窝型负泊松比结构由胞体单元阵列并进行轴向拉伸组成三维蜂窝结构。
7.根据权利要求6所述的复合型抗爆防护结构,其特征在于,所述胞体单元为内凹型胞体单元。
8.根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的复合型抗爆防护结构,其特征在于,所述胞体单元内设有填充物。
9.根据权利要求1所述的复合型抗爆防护结构,其特征在于,所述仿生凸起层采用B4C陶瓷材料制成。
10.根据权利要求1所述的复合型抗爆防护结构,其特征在于,所述负泊松比结构层以TC4钛合金粉末为材料制成,所述负泊松比结构层采用3D打印技术加工成型。
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