CN112601034A - Information simulation and effect simulation method of CCD camera - Google Patents

Information simulation and effect simulation method of CCD camera Download PDF

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CN112601034A
CN112601034A CN202011459881.5A CN202011459881A CN112601034A CN 112601034 A CN112601034 A CN 112601034A CN 202011459881 A CN202011459881 A CN 202011459881A CN 112601034 A CN112601034 A CN 112601034A
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CN112601034B (en
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高凌雁
姜伟
贺金平
阮宁娟
庄绪霞
曹薇
齐文雯
胡永力
邢坤
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Beijing Institute of Space Research Mechanical and Electricity
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Abstract

The invention relates to an information simulation and effect simulation method of a CCD camera, which constructs a model of effective signals and noise signals of each link through analyzing the signal transmission process of a space CCD remote sensing camera system, and finally obtains the actual total signal output of the camera system, thereby more closely and truly realizing the signal transmission simulation of the CCD remote sensing camera. The signal transmission and effect analysis method provided by the invention fully considers the engineering development practice and parameter design of each submodule of the camera subsystem, establishes a model structure which is more in line with signal transmission control, and has the characteristics of stronger conformity, more accuracy and more intuition compared with the traditional analysis method for independently modeling effective signals and noise.

Description

Information simulation and effect simulation method of CCD camera
Technical Field
The invention relates to an information simulation and effect simulation method of a CCD camera, and belongs to the technical field of aerospace optical remote sensing camera application.
Background
The CCD camera is an optical remote sensor widely applied to the field of earth observation in the last 10 years, a lot of research and simulation work aiming at the optical remote sensing imaging mechanism is developed at home and abroad, a large amount of analysis work is also carried out on the imaging process inside the camera, and a plurality of research documents and patent results are formed.
Aiming at the actual situation that the on-orbit application of a part of transmitted CCD remote sensing satellites in China is saturated due to the fact that the quantization range is not reached, the invention provides an information transmission and effect simulation analysis method of a CCD camera, wherein a real scene is used as target inversion to create camera entrance pupil input information, the influence and the limitation of relevant design, measures and device indexes on information transmission in the engineering implementation process are comprehensively considered, a synchronous transmission model of each link of an information transmission link of a camera system on effective signals and noise is established, simulation is carried out, and output information simulation data of the link is obtained.
The method can analyze the signal-to-noise ratio and the dynamic range of different parameters of the remote sensing camera and the conditions of CCD device saturation, camera system saturation and the like during adjustment of different parameters in practical application, more truly reflect the imaging state of the camera, and provide an effective way for overall design analysis.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the method is based on a space optical camera imaging mechanism and a basic model, combines an engineering development process, establishes a more refined camera system link signal and noise influence effect model, provides a CCD camera information transmission and effect analysis method, realizes imaging simulation with higher truth, and provides a high-precision quantitative index calculation path and an intuitive reference fitting an actual imaging effect for design and demonstration of a CCD camera.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
an information simulation and effect simulation method of a CCD camera comprises the following steps:
(1) calling a remote sensing image of a scene, and generating a reflectivity matrix of the image scene in an inversion mode to serve as a data source of simulation analysis;
(2) according to the data source obtained in the first step, calculating the radiant energy of ground objects with different reflectivities in the scene by using an atmospheric radiation transmission model to obtain the radiant input energy at the entrance pupil of the camera;
(3) establishing a transmission model of an input signal passing through an optical system and a focal plane detector to obtain an effective signal passing through the optical system and the focal plane detector;
(4) establishing a noise model of the optical system and the focal plane detector link to obtain a noise signal passing through the optical system and the focal plane detector link;
(5) establishing a total information model of an optical system and a focal plane detector link according to the effective signals and the noise signals obtained in the steps (3) and (4) to obtain the total information electronic number before gain adjustment and charge conversion;
(6) establishing an information model of a charge conversion and gain regulation transmission link to obtain a signal value after gain regulation;
(7) establishing a noise model of a charge conversion and gain regulation transmission link to obtain a noise value after gain regulation;
(8) according to the signal value obtained in the step (6) and the noise value obtained in the step (7), an information digital quantity model and a noise model of an analog-digital conversion transmission link are established, and a digital quantity signal and noise of the analog-digital conversion transmission link are obtained;
(9) and (4) establishing a total information gray scale output model of the camera system information transmission link according to the digital quantity signals and the noise of the analog-to-digital conversion transmission link obtained in the step (8), obtaining the total gray scale output of the camera system information transmission link, and completing information simulation and effect simulation of the CCD camera.
Further, the step (1) calls a remote sensing image of the scene, and generates a reflectivity matrix of the image scene in an inversion manner as a data source for simulation analysis, specifically: the remote sensing image meeting the scene is called, the histogram statistics of the scene image gray data is established, the target reflectivity data with the gray levels of 90% and 5% is inquired, the approximate linear relation between the gray level and the earth surface reflectivity is established, the reflectivity data of all pixels of the scene are inverted and used as the simulation analysis data source of the information transmission link.
Further, the step (3) establishes a transmission model of the input signal passing through the optical system and the focal plane detector, specifically:
the radiation input energy at the entrance pupil obtained in the step (2) is subjected to attenuation, transmission and distortion transmission of an optical system to obtain radiation energy E before entering a focal plane detectoropt：
Figure BDA0002831106340000031
Wherein F is the reciprocal of the relative aperture of the optical system, epsilon is the linear blocking coefficient, eta is the stray light coefficient, alpha is the field angle, k (alpha) is the vignetting coefficient at different positions, tau is the transmittance of the optical system, Lpupil_inIs the entrance pupil radiance, λ is the central wavelength of the band;
establishing a transmission model passing through an optical system and a focal plane detector as follows:
Figure BDA0002831106340000032
wherein S ise_signalNamely the effective information passing through the links of the optical system and the focal plane detectorThe number, unit is electronic number, as part of the total information output by the link; h is the Planck constant; c is the speed of light; lambda [ alpha ]maxAnd λminUpper and lower limits of the spectral response range; a. thepixelThe area of a single pixel of the detector is equal to the square of the size of the pixel of the detector for a square detector element; t isintFor imaging time, the exposure time is equal to that of a common CCD detector, and the exposure time multiplied by TDI series is equal to that of a TDICCD detector; QE (λ) is the spectral responsivity, i.e. the number of photoelectrons generated on average per incident photon of wavelength λ, also called detector quantum efficiency, including the bin-fill factor effect.
Further, the step (4) of establishing a noise model of the optical system and the focal plane detector link specifically includes:
Figure BDA0002831106340000033
wherein S ise_noiseI.e. the noise signal n passing through the optical system and focal plane detectorSHOTRepresenting shot noise, nCDS_FLOORRepresenting the detector on-chip floor noise.
Further, the step (5) establishes a total information model of the optical system and the focal plane detector link according to the effective signals and the noise obtained in the steps (3) and (4), and obtains the total information electronic number before gain adjustment and charge conversion, specifically:
the total information model of the optical system and the focal plane detector link is specifically as follows:
Figure BDA0002831106340000041
wherein S iseI.e. the total number of information electrons, S, before gain adjustment and charge conversione_signalAnd Se_noiseEffective signals and noise signals which pass through the photoelectric conversion link of the optical system and the focal plane detector are respectively, and Sat is the saturated electron number of the device.
Further, the step (6) of establishing an information model of the charge conversion and gain control transmission link specifically includes:
when the total information electron number generated in the last step is transmitted to the sensitive junction capacitor of the focal plane detector, the total information electron number is converted to generate a voltage SVAfter passing through the source follower amplifier, the information becomes:
SV＝CCE·Se
wherein, CCE is the charge conversion efficiency,
gain control of the signal processing unit is carried out, the circuit gain is gain, gain-adjusted information is obtained,
SV_gain＝gain·SV。
further, the step (7) of establishing a noise model of the charge conversion and gain control transmission link specifically includes:
establishing a noise model of charge conversion and gain control links:
Figure BDA0002831106340000042
wherein n isVFor the noise value amplified by the gain, nPRNUIn response to inconsistent noise, nampIs circuit noise.
Further, the step (8) of establishing an information digital quantity model and a noise model of the analog-to-digital conversion transmission link specifically includes:
synthesizing a signal value and a noise value which are subjected to gain amplification, taking the obtained total information analog quantity as analog input of analog-to-digital conversion, establishing an information digital quantity model, and obtaining digital quantity signal output:
DN＝(SV_gain+nV)/Vsat·(2N-1)
wherein V is a signal voltage, VsatThe voltage is AD full scale voltage, and N is quantization digit;
suppose that the analog end saturation input of the analog-to-digital converter is ADsatThe noise model for this segment can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0002831106340000051
nADCnamely the noise of the analog-to-digital conversion transmission link.
Further, the step (9) of establishing a total information gray scale model of the camera system information transmission link specifically includes:
the digital quantity signals and noise of the analog-to-digital conversion transmission link are superposed to obtain the total output, and because the digital quantity signals and the noise are limited by the measuring range of the AD device, the information at the moment comprises effective signals after radiation input is transmitted by each link of the camera system and noise signals in the transmission process, and the effective signals and the noise signals are the total gray level output of the information transmission link of the camera system:
Figure BDA0002831106340000052
DN _ out is the total gray scale output of the camera system information transmission link, 2NAnd-1 is the total range of the AD device.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the invention, through the analysis of the signal transmission process of the space CCD remote sensing camera system, models of effective signals and noise signals of all links are constructed, and the actual total output of the signals of the camera system is finally obtained, so that the signal transmission simulation of the CCD remote sensing camera is more truly realized.
(2) The signal transmission and effect analysis method provided by the invention fully considers the engineering development practice and parameter design of each submodule of the camera subsystem, establishes a model structure which is more in line with signal transmission control, and has the characteristics of stronger conformity, more accuracy and more intuition compared with the traditional analysis method for independently modeling effective signals and noise.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the steps of the simulation and analysis method for information transmission of a CCD camera according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following further describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
The link transmission of the CCD remote sensing camera information comprises the following links:
(1) a photoelectric conversion transmission link:
firstly, according to the working principle of a camera optical system and a focal plane detector, a transmission model for transmitting light energy through a camera lens and detecting photoelectric conversion of a focal plane is constructed to obtain an effective signal electronic number;
secondly, establishing a noise model of the photoelectric conversion transmission link, wherein the noise model comprises shot noise and detector chip bottom noise, and the shot noise and the detector chip bottom noise are used as noise information input entering a transmission unit of the next link.
(2) And after the obtained effective signal and the noise signal are superposed, the total information electron number before being transmitted to the next link is obtained through the criterion control of the potential well of the detector.
(3) Charge conversion and gain control transmission links:
the total information electronic number passes through a detector junction capacitor and a signal processing unit to realize charge conversion and gain adjustment, and voltage quantity numerical value information of a signal is obtained;
secondly, a noise model is established, wherein the noise model comprises response inconsistency noise and circuit noise, and noise voltage quantity information of the link is obtained.
(4) An analog-to-digital conversion transmission link:
firstly, the obtained total information quantity is used as analog input of analog-digital conversion, an AD conversion quantification model is established, and digital quantity output is obtained;
secondly, establishing a noise model of the AD quantization link as noise information of the link.
(5) Synthesizing the obtained signal and noise, and judging a range threshold value to obtain final digital output, wherein the information at the moment comprises an effective signal after radiation input is transmitted by the camera and a noise signal in the transmission process, and is the total information gray scale output of an information transmission link of the camera system.
The invention particularly discloses an information simulation and effect simulation analysis method of a CCD camera, which comprises the steps of establishing ground scene reflectivity information by using scene gray scale information counted by a histogram, constructing a synchronous model of effective signals and noise signals of each link of the camera, transmitting the synchronous model in a progressive manner, and pushing out the total information output by a camera system.
Referring to fig. 1, a flow chart of the steps of the information simulation and effect simulation analysis method of the CCD camera of the present invention is shown. The specific implementation process is as follows:
step S1, calling a remote sensing image of a scene meeting a certain size requirement, establishing scene image gray level (DN value) data histogram statistics, inquiring target reflectivity data with the gray level of 90% and 5%, constructing an approximate linear relation between an analysis gray level and the surface reflectivity, and performing reflection rate data of all pixels of the scene in a reverse manner to serve as an analysis data source of an information transmission link.
Step S2, a mature atmospheric radiation transmission model calculation tool is applied to calculate the radiation energy of the ground objects with different reflectivities in the scene, so as to obtain the entrance pupil radiance data of the camera system, which is also an effective input signal of the signal transmission link.
And step S3, establishing a model of input signals transmitted by the optical system and the focal plane detector according to the working mechanism of the camera optical system and the detection focal plane.
And (3) considering the focusing, transmission, stray light and vignetting effects of the optical system to obtain the radiation energy of the entrance pupil energy after the entrance pupil energy is transmitted by the optical system and before the entrance pupil energy enters the focal plane detector:
Figure BDA0002831106340000071
wherein F is the reciprocal of the relative aperture of the optical system, epsilon is the linear blocking coefficient, eta is the stray light coefficient, alpha is the field angle, k (alpha) is the vignetting coefficient at different positions, tau is the transmittance of the optical system, Lpupil_inIs the entrance pupil radiance.
Establishing a transmission model passing through an optical system and a focal plane detector:
the detector has the function of converting the received light signal into an electrical charge, accumulating it over a certain exposure time, temporarily storing it in the form of a charge packet and transferring it in time. The energy of a certain spectral band passes through a detector, and effective signals generated by a single pixel are as follows:
Figure BDA0002831106340000072
wherein S ise_signalThe effective signal passing through the optical system and focal plane detector link is an electronic number as a part of the total information output by the link; h is Planck constant, h is 6.63 × 10-34J · s; c is the speed of light, and c is 3 multiplied by 108 m/s; lambda [ alpha ]maxAnd λminThe upper limit and the lower limit of the spectral response range, and lambda is the central wavelength of a wave band; a. thedetThe area of a single pixel of the detector is equal to the square of the size of the pixel of the detector for a square detector element; t isintFor imaging time, the exposure time is equal to that of a common CCD detector, and the exposure time multiplied by TDI series is equal to that of a TDICCD detector; QE (λ) is the spectral responsivity, i.e. the number of photoelectrons generated on average per incident photon of wavelength λ, also called detector quantum efficiency, including the bin-fill factor effect.
Step S4, in the optical system and detector link, the noise affecting the total number of signals is detector noise, a noise model mainly including shot noise and detector chip bottom noise is established, and the noise electron number of the link is obtained as a part of the total output information of the link.
Shot noise is white noise with randomness caused by discrete quantum processes as electrons cross barriers.
Figure BDA0002831106340000081
Wherein n isSHOTIs shot noise, nPEThe part contributing to photoelectrons, i.e. the effective signal particles Se，nDARKIs part of the dark current contribution. The photo-generated shrapnel noise cannot be reduced, and the dark current can be effectively reduced through the doping change in a certain range on the process and the reasonable design control of the pixel area. In engineering practice, the influence of dark current shot can be effectively controlled to be ignored.
Based on the Correlated Double Sampling (CDS) technique adopted by the remote sensing camera, the reset noise and amplifier noise of the detector are both effectively reduced to a negligible level, and finally, the bottom noise (or called read-out noise) is taken as the total noise of the detector, and a manufacturer usually gives the value n in a device technical manualCDS_floor。
The noise model of the link is constructed as follows:
Figure BDA0002831106340000082
Se_noisei.e. the total noise n of the elementeThe noise signal is the noise signal passing through the optical system and the focal plane detector. n isSHOTRepresenting shot noise, nCDS_FLOORRepresenting the noise at the bottom of the detector chip,<>representing the concept of noise.
Step S5, establishing a total information model of the optical system and the focal plane detector link: superposing the effective signal and the noise signal obtained in the steps S3 and S4 to obtain the total information electron number before gain adjustment and charge conversion;
the detector has its own potential well capacity, and when the full well is reached, the number of output electrons depends only on the threshold of the full well, independent of the input radiation energy.
The upper limit of the electronic value of the output signal of the detector is the saturated electronic number of the detector, and if the saturated electronic number of the device is Sat, then:
Figure BDA0002831106340000083
step S6, the obtained electronic number is transmitted by the detector junction capacitor and the signal processing unit to realize the charge conversion and multiple adjustment of information, and a voltage value is obtained;
when the electrons are transferred to the sensitive junction capacitor of the detector, the electrons are converted to generate a voltage SVAfter passing through the source follower amplifier, the information becomes:
SV＝CCE·Se
where CCE is the Charge conversion efficiency (Charge change efficiency), generally expressed in μ V/e-。
Through the gain control of the signal processing unit, assuming that the circuit gain is gain, gain-adjusted information is obtained:
SV_gain＝gain·SV。
and step S7, comprehensively considering the pixel response inconsistency, circuit transmission 1/f noise and white noise in the transmission process of the information between the detector and the electronic system, combining system process measures such as engineering electromagnetic shielding and the like and radiation correction pretreatment, generally controlling the system within a certain error level range, and establishing a noise model of charge conversion and gain control links.
Figure BDA0002831106340000091
Wherein n isPRNUIn response to inconsistent noise, nampIs circuit noise.
Step S8, synthesizing the signal value and noise value after gain amplification to obtain total information quantity, using the total information quantity as analog input of analog-to-digital conversion, establishing an AD conversion quantization model to obtain digital quantity signal output,
DN＝(SV_gain+nV)/Vsat·(2N-1)
wherein V is a signal voltage, VsatThe voltage is AD full scale voltage, and N is quantization digit.
Along with the analog-to-digital conversion process of information, discretization brings distortion, namely quantization noise is generated, and the analog end saturation input of the analog-to-digital converter is assumed to be ADsatAnd the number of quantization bits is N bits, then the quantization noise model can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0002831106340000092
nADCnamely the noise of the analog-to-digital conversion transmission link.
And step S9, superposing the information and noise of a link to obtain the total output, wherein the total output is limited by the range of the AD device, and the information at this time comprises effective signals after radiation input is transmitted by each link of the camera system and noise signals in the transmission process, and is the total gray scale output of the information transmission link of the camera system.
Figure BDA0002831106340000093
Therein, 2N-1 is the total range of the AD devices and DN out is the total greyscale output of the camera system information transfer link.
According to the invention, through the analysis of the signal transmission process of the space CCD remote sensing camera system, models of effective signals and noise signals of all links are constructed, and the actual total output of the signals of the camera system is finally obtained, so that the signal transmission simulation of the CCD remote sensing camera is more truly realized. The signal transmission and effect analysis method provided by the invention fully considers the engineering development practice and parameter design of each submodule of the camera subsystem, establishes a model structure which is more in line with signal transmission control, and has the characteristics of stronger conformity, more accuracy and more intuition compared with the traditional analysis method for independently modeling effective signals and noise.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that those matters not described in detail in the present specification are well known in the art.

Claims (9)

1. An information simulation and effect simulation method of a CCD camera is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) calling a remote sensing image of a scene, and generating a reflectivity matrix of the image scene in an inversion mode to serve as a data source of simulation analysis;
(2) calculating the radiant energy of the ground objects with different reflectivities in the scene by using an atmospheric radiation transmission model to obtain the radiant input energy at the entrance pupil of the camera;
(3) establishing a transmission model of an input signal passing through an optical system and a focal plane detector to obtain an effective signal passing through the optical system and the focal plane detector;
(4) establishing a noise model of the optical system and the focal plane detector link to obtain a noise signal passing through the optical system and the focal plane detector link;
(5) establishing a total information model of an optical system and a focal plane detector link according to the effective signals and the noise signals obtained in the steps (3) and (4) to obtain the total information electronic number before gain adjustment and charge conversion;
(6) establishing an information model of a charge conversion and gain regulation transmission link to obtain a signal value after gain regulation;
(7) establishing a noise model of a charge conversion and gain regulation transmission link to obtain a noise value after gain regulation;
(8) according to the signal value obtained in the step (6) and the noise value obtained in the step (7), an information digital quantity model and a noise model of an analog-digital conversion transmission link are established, and a digital quantity signal and noise of the analog-digital conversion transmission link are obtained;
(9) and (4) establishing a total information gray scale output model of the camera system information transmission link according to the digital quantity signals and the noise of the analog-to-digital conversion transmission link obtained in the step (8), obtaining the total gray scale output of the camera system information transmission link, and completing information simulation and effect simulation of the CCD camera.
2. The information simulation and effect simulation method of the CCD camera according to claim 1, characterized in that: the step (1) calls a remote sensing image of a scene, and a reflectivity matrix of the image scene is generated by inversion and used as a data source of simulation analysis, and specifically comprises the following steps: the remote sensing image meeting the scene is called, the histogram statistics of the scene image gray data is established, the target reflectivity data with the gray levels of 90% and 5% is inquired, the approximate linear relation between the gray level and the earth surface reflectivity is established, the reflectivity data of all pixels of the scene are inverted and used as the simulation analysis data source of the information transmission link.
3. The information simulation and effect simulation method of the CCD camera according to claim 1, characterized in that: the step (3) of establishing a transmission model of the input signal passing through the optical system and the focal plane detector specifically comprises the following steps:
the radiation input energy at the entrance pupil obtained in the step (2) is subjected to attenuation, transmission and distortion transmission of an optical system to obtain radiation energy E before entering a focal plane detectoropt：
Figure FDA0002831106330000021
Wherein F is the reciprocal of the relative aperture of the optical system, epsilon is the linear blocking coefficient, eta is the stray light coefficient, alpha is the field angle, k (alpha) is the vignetting coefficient at different positions, tau is the transmittance of the optical system, Lpupil_inIs the entrance pupil radiance, λ is the central wavelength of the band;
establishing a transmission model passing through an optical system and a focal plane detector as follows:
Figure FDA0002831106330000022
wherein S ise_signalThe effective signal passing through the optical system and focal plane detector link is an electronic number as a part of the total information output by the link; h is the Planck constant; c is the speed of light; lambda [ alpha ]maxAnd λminUpper and lower limits of the spectral response range; a. thepixelThe area of a single pixel of the detector is equal to the square of the size of the pixel of the detector for a square detector element; t isintFor imaging time, the exposure time is equal to that of a common CCD detector, and the exposure time multiplied by TDI series is equal to that of a TDICCD detector; QE (λ) is the spectral responsivity, i.e. the number of photoelectrons generated on average per incident photon of wavelength λ, also called detector quantum efficiency, including the bin-fill factor effect.
4. The information simulation and effect simulation method of the CCD camera according to claim 3, wherein: the step (4) of establishing a noise model of the optical system and the focal plane detector link specifically comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0002831106330000023
wherein S ise_noiseI.e. the noise signal n passing through the optical system and focal plane detectorSHOTRepresenting shot noise, nCDS_FLOORRepresenting the detector on-chip floor noise.
5. The information simulation and effect simulation method of the CCD camera according to claim 4, wherein: and (5) establishing a total information model of the optical system and the focal plane detector link according to the effective signals and the noises obtained in the steps (3) and (4) to obtain the total information electron number before gain adjustment and charge conversion, which specifically comprises the following steps:
the total information model of the optical system and the focal plane detector link is specifically as follows:
Figure FDA0002831106330000031
wherein S iseI.e. the total number of information electrons, S, before gain adjustment and charge conversione_signalAnd Se_noiseEffective signals and noise signals which pass through the photoelectric conversion link of the optical system and the focal plane detector are respectively, and Sat is the saturated electron number of the device.
6. The information simulation and effect simulation method of the CCD camera according to claim 5, wherein: the step (6) of establishing an information model of the charge conversion and gain control transmission link specifically comprises the following steps:
when the total information electron number generated in the last step is transmitted to the sensitive junction capacitor of the focal plane detector, the total information electron number is converted to generate a voltage SVAfter passing through the source follower amplifier, the information becomes:
SV＝CCE·Se
wherein, CCE is the charge conversion efficiency,
gain control of the signal processing unit is performed to obtain a circuit gain ofgain, obtaining gain-adjusted information, SV_gain＝gain·SV。
7. The information simulation and effect simulation method of the CCD camera according to claim 6, wherein: the step (7) of establishing a noise model of the charge conversion and gain control transmission link specifically comprises the following steps:
establishing a noise model of charge conversion and gain control links:
Figure FDA0002831106330000032
wherein n isVFor the noise value amplified by the gain, nPRNUIn response to inconsistent noise, nampIs circuit noise.
8. The information simulation and effect simulation method of the CCD camera according to claim 7, wherein: the step (8) of establishing an information digital quantity model and a noise model of an analog-to-digital conversion transmission link specifically comprises the following steps:
synthesizing a signal value and a noise value which are subjected to gain amplification, taking the obtained total information analog quantity as analog input of analog-to-digital conversion, establishing an information digital quantity model, and obtaining digital quantity signal output:
DN＝(SV_gain+nV)/Vsat·(2N-1)
wherein V is a signal voltage, VsatThe voltage is AD full scale voltage, and N is quantization digit;
suppose that the analog end saturation input of the analog-to-digital converter is ADsatThe noise model for this segment can be expressed as:
Figure FDA0002831106330000041
nADCnamely the noise of the analog-to-digital conversion transmission link.
9. The information simulation and effect simulation method of the CCD camera according to claim 8, wherein: the step (9) of establishing a total information gray scale model of the camera system information transmission link specifically comprises the following steps:
the digital quantity signals and noise of the analog-to-digital conversion transmission link are superposed to obtain the total output, and because the digital quantity signals and the noise are limited by the measuring range of the AD device, the information at the moment comprises effective signals after radiation input is transmitted by each link of the camera system and noise signals in the transmission process, and the effective signals and the noise signals are the total gray level output of the information transmission link of the camera system:
Figure FDA0002831106330000042
DN _ out is the total gray scale output of the camera system information transmission link, 2NAnd-1 is the total range of the AD device.
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