CN107092752A - A kind of optical camera simulation imaging method and system based on ray tracing - Google Patents
A kind of optical camera simulation imaging method and system based on ray tracing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention proposes a kind of optical camera simulation imaging method and system based on ray tracing, and method includes：Optical system is emulated and imaging is emulated with electro-optical system；Optical system emulation includes：Optical system modeling, camera distortion modeling and simulating, camera disc of confusion modeling and simulating and camera veiling glare modeling and simulating；Imaging includes spectral response analysis module, CCD opto-electronic conversions modeling and simulating, analog circuit modeling and simulating sum modular ratio modeling and simulating with electro-optical system emulation.The present invention considers remote sensing camera optical system and CCD imaging system influence on RT factors, sets up detailed complete remote sensing camera parameter database, emulating image and true picture is had higher approach degree, with simulation accuracy higher.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to optical system simulation imaging technical field, more particularly, to a kind of light based on ray tracing
Learn the modeling and simulating imaging method and system of camera.
Background technology
Satellite remote sensing imaging technique is an important technology in remote sensing fields, and pole is applied in military and national economy field
It is extensive, such as military surveillance, missile warning, environmental monitoring, resource investigation.The research and development of satellite remote sensing imaging technique exists
There are strong demand and application background in civilian and military field.Optical system is led to as the important component of remote sensing satellite
Cross and remote sensing satellite optical system emulated, can at the beginning of design of satellites, by set up with a high credibility, science it is perfect into
As analogue system, and it will develop towards high accuracy, high-performance and high scalability direction.
In order to obtain the high satellite simulation system of complete, simulation accuracy, it is necessary to which the different links to analogue system are entered successively
The corresponding emulation of row, deeply the links influence factor for imaging simulation system is analyzed, and thus the section of foundation finishes
The high simulation model of kind, accuracy.
Traditional optical system imaging simulation imaging method is based on modulation transfer function and line spread function LSF, point
Mutual transforming relationship between spread function PSF, calculates its two-dimentional PSF matrix, by being carried out to image by optical system MTF
Two-dimentional PSF matrixes degeneration processing, obtains emulating image.
But MTF and PSF describes the frequency or roomage response characteristic of CCD (charge coupled cell) imagings, but
In imaging process, also there is rdaiation response characteristic, the responsiveness, heterogeneity such as detector, only using only MTF or
Person PSF describing mode is incomplete.Therefore, traditional simulation imaging method based on MTF or PSF can not be realized pair
Remote sensing camera photo-translating system carries out the comprehensive, emulation of system.
Therefore it provides a kind of optical camera simulation imaging method and system based on ray tracing, with reference to ray tracing
Physical mechanism and modeling and simulating, obtain high-precision degeneration emulating image, and most real remotely-sensed data is provided for scientific research field.
The content of the invention
In view of this, the invention provides a kind of optical camera simulation imaging method and system based on ray tracing,
Consider on the basis of optical aberration, ccd sensor influence, obtain degeneration emulating image, realize to remote sensing camera optical system
The emulation of system and imaging system.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention proposes a kind of optical camera simulation imaging side based on ray tracing
Method, including：Optical system is emulated and imaging is emulated with electro-optical system；Optical system is emulated based on ray tracing optical system construction in a systematic way
On the basis of mould, optical system Modeling Calculation is realized, wherein, optical system emulation includes：Optical system is modeled：According to optical system
The design parameter of system, sets up optical system model in optical design software, obtains optical system file；Camera distortion modeling is imitative
Very：By optical system file, with reference to ccd image position, camera distortion parameter is set up, and camera entrance pupil spoke luminance picture is made
For input, after distortion model is degenerated, the fault image in image planes is obtained；Camera disc of confusion modeling and simulating：By to optics
The ray tracing of system, with reference to optical system file, obtains on entrance pupil face disc of confusion of the object point on imaging surface on each visual field
Situation, obtains disc of confusion matrix, and disperse degeneration processing is carried out to the fault image in image planes, obtains the figure of optical lens preferred embodiment in image planes
Picture；Camera veiling glare modeling and simulating：Ray tracing is carried out by veiling glare simulation analysis software, optical system under different visual fields is emulated
The suppression situation united to veiling glare, obtains veiling glare irradiance distribution data, and spuious move back is carried out to the figure of optical lens preferred embodiment picture in image planes
Change is handled, and obtains the spuious light irradiance image in image planes；Imaging is emulated for the spuious irradiation in image planes with electro-optical system
Degree image enters row degradation processing, to obtain image.Wherein, imaging includes with electro-optical system emulation：Spectral response analyzes mould
Block：According to the wave band of entrance pupil spoke luminance picture and CCD spectral response curve, the responsiveness of correspondence wave band is calculated；CCD photoelectricity turns
Change modeling and simulating：According to CCD Parameter File and circuit parameter file, photoelectricity is carried out to the spuious irradiation level image in image planes and turned
Change and emulated with integration imaging, obtain CCD opto-electronic conversion emulating images；Analog circuit modeling and simulating：Simulated according in design circuit
Response data of the voltage signal after circuit devcie, obtains analog circuit simulation document；And to CCD opto-electronic conversion emulating images
Enter row degradation processing, obtain analog circuit emulating image；Digital-to-analogue quantifies modeling and simulating：Pass through mould of the digital image file to input
Intend circuit simulation image and enter row degradation processing, obtain modulus and quantify emulating image, as export the digital picture of camera.
Further, the specific method of camera distortion modeling and simulating, including：According to data such as Entry pupil diameters, calculate minimum
Sampling interval；According to position on ccd image, sample area is determined, with reference to minimum sampling interval, the sampling in sample area is determined
Point；Optical system software is called, input sample point coordinate data determines to be somebody's turn to do according to the preferable image height of the sampled point and actual image height
The distortion value of sampled point, distortion model is set up according to the distortion value of each sampled point；Using camera entrance pupil spoke luminance picture as input,
After the degeneration of visual field distortion model, camera distortion emulation is completed.
Further, the specific method of camera disc of confusion modeling and simulating, including：By inputting sampled point in CCD imagings
Parameter, generates camera disc of confusion modeling and simulating input file；According to camera disc of confusion modeling and simulating file parameters, optics is called to set
Software is counted, position of the light that sends of object point in image planes is followed the trail of, object point is obtained on entrance pupil face on each visual field on imaging surface
Disc of confusion situation, draw the point spread function on sampled point；To the point spread function of each Chosen Point, predetermined sampling is chosen
Yardstick carries out refinement statistics, obtains disc of confusion matrix of the sampled point centered on chief ray；To the fault image in image planes and more
Dissipate class's matrix and carry out convolution algorithm, obtain the figure of optical lens preferred embodiment picture in image planes.
Further, the specific method of camera veiling glare modeling and simulating, including：
The optical system file of optical design software is imported in light simulation softward, in situation about being set without other
Under, ray tracing is carried out, no veiling glare image planes irradiation level file is obtained, imaging source image planes irradiance data E is obtainedi；
The optical system file of optical design software is imported in light simulation softward, source modeling is completed and sets and then enter
Row ray tracing, obtains veiling glare image planes irradiation level file, obtains the image planes irradiance data E comprising veiling glare and imagingh；
By the obtained image planes irradiance data E comprising veiling glare and imagingh, with imaging source image planes irradiance data
Ei, matrix subtracts each other obtains image planes veiling glare irradiance distribution data E finallys：
Es=Eh-Ei
According to veiling glare irradiance distribution data Es, calculate image planes veiling glare relative lamp degrees of data Er：
Er[i, j]=Es[i,j]/StryMax
In formula, Er[i, j] and Es[i, j] represents the veiling glare Relative illumination and spuious light irradiance of image planes point respectively
Data；StryMax represents the maximum irradiance data of imaging source image planes.
According to image planes veiling glare relative lamp degrees of data and the figure of optical lens preferred embodiment picture in image planes, the veiling glare spoke in image planes is obtained
Illumination image Ef；
Ef[i, j]=Eimg[i,j]+IMax·Er[i,j]
In formula, Eimg[i, j] represents the gray value that disperse light image is put at (i, j)；IMax representative image maximum gradation values.
By the way that veiling glare irradiance data is added in disperse light image, the simulation calculation of image planes flare map picture is realized.
Further, the specific method of CCD opto-electronic conversions modeling and simulating, including：
Coordinate position of each sampled points of CCD in image planes on spuious light irradiance image is calculated, the side of sampled pixel is determined
Boundary position, repartitions image pixel；
By veiling glare irradiance data and CCD dutycycles, calculate CCD and visit the illuminance that member is an actually-received：
Ereal=E × MSR
In formula, MSR is CCD dutycycles, and E is spuious light irradiance.
Calculate the corresponding output voltages of each wave band λ；
Then upon exposure between for when, the corresponding output voltage of single wave band is：
Vλ=Rλ×Ereal,λ×τ
In formula, RλFor CCD responsivenesses, τ is the CCD times of integration, EResl, λFor the magnitude of voltage of single wave band.
Calculate the output voltage of n input wave band：
Calculate the inconsistency for visiting first brightness of image；
Y [i]=k [i] × x [i]+b [i]
Wherein, x [i] is the output voltage values of i-th of spy member, and y [i] is that correspondence visits first output, and k [i] is i-th of spy member
Inconsistency response coefficient；B [i] is the inconsistency biasing coefficient of i-th of spy member.
Superimposed noise signal is to obtain true output voltage signal；
Vreal=V+Vnoise
In formula, VnoiseFor noise voltage.
According to CCD dynamic ranges to the single influence for visiting first output voltage, the first opto-electronic conversion output of the single spies of CCD is preserved
Voltage image file Vout。
The spuious light irradiance image inputted in image planes, is moved back according to voltage image file to spuious light irradiance image
Change is handled, and obtains CCD opto-electronic conversion emulating images.
The invention also provides a kind of optical camera simulated imaging system based on ray tracing, including：Optical system is imitated
True unit and imaging and electro-optical system simulation unit；Wherein, optical system simulation unit includes：Optical system modeling module, is used
In setting up optical system model in optical design software, optical system file is obtained；Camera distortion emulation module, for setting up
Camera geometric distortion parameter, using camera entrance pupil spoke luminance picture as input, after distortion model is degenerated, is obtained in image planes
Fault image；Camera disc of confusion emulation module, for calculating on entrance pupil face disc of confusion of the object point on imaging surface on each visual field
Situation, obtains disc of confusion matrix, and disperse degeneration processing is carried out to the fault image in image planes, obtains the figure of optical lens preferred embodiment in image planes
Picture；Camera veiling glare emulation module, to the suppression situation of veiling glare, veiling glare is obtained for emulating optical system under different visual fields
Irradiance distribution data.Spuious degeneration processing is carried out to the figure of optical lens preferred embodiment picture in image planes, the spuious light irradiance in image planes is obtained
Image.
Further, imaging includes with electro-optical system simulation unit：Spectral response analysis module, for bright according to entrance pupil spoke
The wave band of image and CCD spectral response curve are spent, the responsiveness of correspondence wave band is calculated；CCD opto-electronic conversion emulation modules, are used for
CCD opto-electronic conversion models are set up, photoelectricity is carried out to spuious light irradiance image according to CCD Parameter File and circuit parameter file
Conversion is emulated with integration imaging, obtains CCD opto-electronic conversion emulating images；Analog circuit emulation module, for according to design circuit
Response data of the middle analog voltage signal after circuit devcie, obtains analog circuit simulation document；And it is imitative to CCD opto-electronic conversions
True image enters row degradation processing, obtains analog circuit emulating image；Digital-to-analogue quantifies emulation module, by digital image file to defeated
The analog circuit emulating image entered enters row degradation processing, obtains modulus and quantifies emulating image, as exports the digital picture of camera.
Compared with prior art, the optical camera simulation imaging method and system of the invention based on ray tracing, is realized
Following beneficial effect：
(1) the optical camera simulation imaging method and system of the present invention based on ray tracing, considers remote sensing phase
Machine optical system and CCD imaging system influence on RT factors, set up detailed complete remote sensing camera parameter database,
Emulating image and true picture is set to have higher approach degree, with simulation accuracy higher.
(2) the optical camera simulation imaging method and system of the present invention based on ray tracing, contains camera opticses
The optical camera imaging simulation method of systematical distortion, disc of confusion and veiling glare, realizes that optical system simulation model is calculated；Realizing
On the basis of the modeling of ray tracing optical system, design accuracy adaptive polo placement model, on the basis of required precision is met,
Arithmetic speed is improved, short time optical system Modeling Calculation is realized.
(3) the optical camera simulation imaging method and system of the present invention based on ray tracing, in detailed CCD camera
Mathematical modeling is carried out to the subsystems in CCD camera imaging process on the basis of design parameter, to each subsystem modeling
On the basis of, the emulation for realizing camera CCD imaging systems is connected using system input and output end to end to whole remote sensing camera,
Complete emulation technology framework is set up, sub-system sets up accurate model.
Certainly, implement the present invention any product must not specific needs simultaneously reach all the above technique effect.
By referring to the drawings to the detailed description of the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, further feature of the invention and its
Advantage will be made apparent from.
Brief description of the drawings
The accompanying drawing for being combined in the description and constituting a part for specification shows embodiments of the invention, and even
It is used for the principle for explaining the present invention together with its explanation.
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of the optical camera simulation imaging method based on ray tracing shown in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the schematic flow sheet of camera distortion modeling and simulating method shown in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the schematic flow sheet of camera veiling glare modeling and simulating method shown in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the schematic flow sheet of CCD opto-electronic conversions modeling and simulating method shown in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the pie graph of the optical camera simulated imaging system based on ray tracing shown in the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
The various exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described in detail now with reference to accompanying drawing.It should be noted that：Unless had in addition
Body illustrates that the part and the positioned opposite of step, numerical expression and numerical value otherwise illustrated in these embodiments does not limit this
The scope of invention.
The description only actually at least one exemplary embodiment is illustrative below, never as to the present invention
And its any limitation applied or used.
It may be not discussed in detail for technology, method and apparatus known to person of ordinary skill in the relevant, but suitable
In the case of, the technology, method and apparatus should be considered as a part for specification.
In shown here and discussion all examples, any occurrence should be construed as merely exemplary, without
It is as limitation.Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiment can have different values.
It should be noted that：Similar label and letter represents similar terms in following accompanying drawing, therefore, once a certain Xiang Yi
It is defined, then it need not be further discussed in subsequent accompanying drawing in individual accompanying drawing.
In order to solve the problem of traditional optical system imaging emulation is present, ray tracing is based on the invention provides one kind
Optical camera simulation imaging method and system, set up for remote sensing images High Precision Simulation system, consider optical system
On the basis of aberration, ccd sensor influence, emulating image is treated using optical system entrance pupil spoke luminance picture as input, is led to successively
Modules emulation is crossed, degeneration emulating image is obtained.To solve on the basis of existing optical camera is modeled, realize to remote sensing phase
The emulation of machine optical system and photo-translating system.
Fig. 1 is that a kind of flow of the optical camera simulation imaging method based on ray tracing provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown
It is intended to, this method includes optical system emulation and be imaged to emulate with electro-optical system, and wherein optical system emulation is based on ray tracing
On the basis of optical system modeling, optical system Modeling Calculation is realized, is comprised the following steps：
Step 101, optical system modeling：According to the design parameter of optical system, optics is set up in optical design software
System model, obtains optical system file；
According to the design parameter of optical system (such as：The material and surface type of minute surface, focal length, radius of curvature etc.) it is defeated successively
In the interface for entering optical system design software (such as ZEMAX), optical system model is set up, preferable optical system file is obtained,
For follow-up camera imaging modeling and simulating.
Step 102, camera distortion modeling and simulating：By optical system file, with reference to ccd image position, camera is set up abnormal
Variable element, and using camera entrance pupil spoke luminance picture as input, after distortion model is degenerated, obtain the distortion figure in image planes
Picture；
In actual optical system, when visual field is larger, the magnifying power in a pair of conjugate planes will be different with visual field, so
Image will be made to lose similitude relative to material object, this defect for making anamorphose is referred to as distortion.
Obtained optical system file is modeled according to optical system, with reference to positions of the CCD in image planes, camera geometry is set up
Distortion parameter, and using camera entrance pupil spoke luminance picture as input, after distortion model is degenerated, obtain the distortion figure in image planes
Picture.
In some optional embodiments, the specific method of camera distortion modeling and simulating is as shown in Fig. 2 including following step
Suddenly：
Step 201, according to data such as Entry pupil diameters, calculate minimum sampling interval；
According to Entry pupil diameters and ground target to the distance of Satellite Camera, the imaging of ground target is calculated according to equation below
Resolution ratio：
Wherein, D is Entry pupil diameters, H be ground target to the distance of Satellite Camera, thus can obtain the ideal of optical system
Imaging, λ is camera imaging centre wavelength.
Imaging resolution is inputted in optical system, you can obtain the sampling interval；
Wherein, f is camera focus.
Position in step 202, foundation ccd image, chooses sample area, with reference to minimum sampling interval, determines sample area
Interior sampled point；
Wherein, minimum sampling interval refers to the pre-determined distance between two neighboring sampled point, and the pre-determined distance is distant by satellite
The resolution ratio for feeling camera is determined.
Step 203, call ZEMAX optical system softwares, input sample point coordinate data, according to the preferable picture of the sampled point
High and actual image height determines the distortion value of the sampled point, and distortion model is set up according to the distortion value of each sampled point；
Step 204, using camera entrance pupil spoke luminance picture as input, after distortion model is degenerated, complete camera distortion
Emulation, obtains the fault image in image planes.
Step 103, camera disc of confusion modeling and simulating：By the ray tracing to optical system, with reference to optical system file,
Disc of confusion situation of the object point on imaging surface on each visual field, obtains disc of confusion matrix, to abnormal in image planes on calculating entrance pupil face
Become image and carry out disperse degeneration processing, obtain the figure of optical lens preferred embodiment picture in image planes；
It is not to only exist distortion aberration in optical system, it is also contemplated that due to aberrations such as spherical aberration, comas, causing object point
Imaging in image planes is no longer a convergent point, and is disc of confusion.Therefore, emulate, build for the aberration beyond camera distortion
Vertical disc of confusion model.The model can be calculated by ZEMAX softwares to the ray tracing of optical system.Specific emulation mode
It is as follows：
By inputting the parameter of sampled point in CCD imagings, camera disperse modeling and simulating input file is generated；According to camera more
Speckle modeling and simulating file parameters, call ZEMAX optical system softwares, theoretical according to the ray tracing of optical system, follow the trail of thing
Disc of confusion situation of the object point on imaging surface on each visual field on position of the light that point is sent in image planes, acquisition entrance pupil face,
Draw the point spread function (PSF) on sampled point；
To the point spread function of each Chosen Point, choose appropriate sampling yardstick and carry out refinement statistics, obtain sampled point with
Disc of confusion matrix centered on chief ray；
The fault image and disperse class matrix progress convolution algorithm in image planes obtained to step 102, is obtained in image planes
Figure of optical lens preferred embodiment picture.
Step 104, camera veiling glare modeling and simulating：Ray tracing is carried out by light simulation softward (TracePro), is imitated
Optical system obtains veiling glare irradiance distribution data to the suppression situation of veiling glare under very different visual fields, in image planes more
Speckle image carries out spuious degeneration processing, obtains the spuious light irradiance image in image planes；
Veiling glare refers to the incident light away from light absorbing other wavelength, because the light that light source is sent passes through optical element table
It can reflect, can also be scattered from the dust in optical element surface and air during face, these can all produce spuious
Light, so as to influence the definition of imaging.
The need for being emulated according to veiling glare, by being modeled to optical system structure and light shield, using a kind of base
In the veiling glare modeling and simulating of the TracePro models of ray tracing algorithm, image planes irradiation level image is calculated, makes image simulation essence
Degree is increased substantially.
In some optional embodiments, the specific method of camera veiling glare modeling and simulating is as shown in Figure 3：
Step 301, the optical system files of ZAMAX optical design softwares imported in TracePro softwares, without
In the case that other are set, ray tracing is carried out, no veiling glare image planes irradiation level file is obtained, the irradiation of imaging source image planes is obtained
Degrees of data Ei。
Step 302, the optical system files of ZAMAX optical design softwares imported in TracePro softwares, complete light source
Modeling sets and then carried out ray tracing, obtains veiling glare image planes irradiation level file, obtains the picture comprising veiling glare and imaging
Face irradiance data Ei；
Specifically, it regard the optical system file of ZAMAX optical design softwares as original optical system introducing TracePro
In software, according to the material and surface type of minute surface in camera parameter setting light path；Needed according to emulation, add lens barrel, shading
The parts such as cover improve veiling glare modeling and simulating model；Simulation light source type is set, lattice point is set according to optical system light path situation
The radius and scope of light source, input light source incident direction parameter, set incident light source wavelength, complete source modeling and set.Then
Ray tracing is carried out, veiling glare image planes irradiation level file, the image planes irradiance data as comprising veiling glare and imaging is obtained
Eh。
As one embodiment, lattice point light source can be selected as simulation light source.
Step 303, the image planes irradiance data E comprising veiling glare and imaging will be obtainedh, with imaging source image planes spoke
Illumination data Ei, matrix subtracts each other obtains image planes veiling glare irradiance distribution data E finallys；
Es=Eh-Ei
Step 304, according to veiling glare irradiance distribution data Es, calculate image planes veiling glare relative lamp degrees of data Er；
Er[i, j]=Es[i,j]/StryMax
In formula, Er[i, j] and Es[i, j] represents the veiling glare Relative illumination that certain is put in image planes and irradiated with veiling glare respectively
Degrees of data；StryMax represents the maximum irradiance data of imaging source image planes.
Figure of optical lens preferred embodiment picture in step 305, foundation image planes veiling glare relative lamp degrees of data and image planes, is obtained in image planes
Spuious light irradiance image Ef；
Ef[i, j]=Eimg[i,j]+IMax·Er[i,j]
In formula, Eimg[i, j] represents the gray value that disperse light image is put at (i, j)；IMax representative image maximum gradation values.
By the way that veiling glare irradiance data is added in disperse light image, the simulation calculation of image planes flare map picture is realized.
Imaging is emulated for entering row degradation processing to the spuious light irradiance image in image planes, to obtain into electro-optical system
As image.Wherein, imaging includes with electro-optical system emulation：
Step 105, spectral response analysis module：According to the wave band of entrance pupil spoke luminance picture and CCD spectral response curve,
Calculate the responsiveness of correspondence wave band；
According to the spectral response curve of the wavelength of entrance pupil spoke luminance picture, and CCD, correspondence imaging band scope is calculated in λi
~λj(i<J) spectral responsivity (Rλi), CCD spectral responsivities are：
Step 106, CCD opto-electronic conversion modeling and simulatings：According to CCD Parameter File and circuit parameter file, to spuious spoke
Illumination image carries out opto-electronic conversion and emulated with integration imaging, obtains the voltage emulating image of CCD outputs；
CCD photoelectric conversion process is mainly the process for the optical signal being incident in photosensitive member being converted to electric signal.It is imitative
The true processing procedure for calculating CCD opto-electronic conversions to image information of degenerating, the factor mainly considered includes the duty of ccd sensor
Than, responsiveness, noise, dark current, CCD device visit first inconsistency.
In some optional embodiments, CCD opto-electronic conversion modeling and simulating specific steps are as shown in Figure 4：
The coordinate position of step 401, calculating each sampled points of CCD on spuious emulating image, determines the border of sampled pixel
Position, repartitions image pixel.
Step 402, the illumination being an actually-received by veiling glare irradiance data and CCD dutycycles, calculating CCD spy members
Degree；
Ereal=E × MSR
In formula, MSR is CCD dutycycles, and E is spuious light irradiance.
Step 403, the corresponding output voltages of each wave band λ of calculating；
When being τ between upon exposure, then the corresponding output voltage of single wave band is：
Vλ=Rλ×Ereal,λ×τ
In formula, RλFor CCD responsivenesses, τ is the CCD times of integration, EResl, λFor the magnitude of voltage of single wave band.
Step 404, the output voltage for calculating n input wave band；
Step 405, the inconsistency for calculating the first brightness of image of spy；
Due to visiting the inconsistency that member is responded, under uniform illumination, each member of visiting produces different electric charges, causes each spy member
Brightness of image is different.
Y [i]=k [i] × x [i]+b [i]
Wherein, x [i] is the output voltage values of i-th of spy member, and y [i] is that correspondence visits first output, and k [i] is i-th of spy member
Inconsistency response coefficient；B [i] is the inconsistency biasing coefficient of i-th of spy member.
PRNU (photoresponse inconsistency) and FPN (fixed pattern noise) would generally be provided in CCD device handbook, wherein
FPN main component is exactly b [i], and PRNU-FPN is exactly k [i] distribution intensity, and normal state point is obeyed in the distribution of the two parameters
Cloth, standard deviation is determined by two parameters of FPN and PRNU.
In the present embodiment, k [i] and b [i] is provided by visiting first nonuniformity parameter by member is visited.
In a particular embodiment, visiting the inconsistency of member response can be characterized using linear function.
Step 406, superimposed noise signal are to obtain true output voltage signal；
CCD is during storage and transinformation electric charge, all noisy superposition, influences the true reappearance of signal, because
This true output voltage signal is：
Vreal=V+Vnoise
In formula, VnoiseFor noise voltage.
Step 407, the influence according to CCD dynamic ranges to the first output voltage of single spy, preserve the first photoelectricity turn of the single spies of CCD
Change the voltage image file V of outputout。
Wherein, Vdark currentFor dark current, i.e. CCD imager part not only it is unglazed injection but also without electrical pumping in the case of it is defeated
Go out signal.
VsatFor saturation output voltage, that is, incide the letter of device output when the light exposure in photosensitive member is more than a certain limit
Number magnitude of voltage, now device output no longer changes with the increase of light exposure.
Spuious light irradiance image in step 408, input image planes, enters according to voltage image file to spuious emulating image
Row degradation processing, obtains CCD opto-electronic conversion emulating images.
Step 107, analog circuit modeling and simulating：According to sound of the analog voltage signal after circuit devcie in design circuit
Data are answered, analog circuit simulation document is obtained；And enter row degradation processing to CCD opto-electronic conversion emulating images, obtain analog circuit
Emulating image；
Analog circuit emulation is exactly response of the analogue simulation circuit links to analog voltage signal, according to the spy of circuit
Property parameter, response data of the emulation signal after these circuit modules, including：
According to the multiplication factor on pre-arcing road, impedance matching is carried out to the analog voltage signal that ccd sensor is exported and put
Greatly；
The analog voltage signal exported according to low-pass filter frequency to pre-arcing road carries out LPF；
According to the gain multiplication factor of post amplifier and biasing amplification quantity, the analog voltage that filter circuit is exported is carried out
Adjustment；
The circuit noise produced according to camera noise emulation module, the voltage signal superposition mould exported to rearmounted amplifying circuit
Intend circuit noise, finally preserve output analog circuit simulation document；
CCD opto-electronic conversion emulating images are inputted, row degradation is entered to CCD opto-electronic conversion emulating images according to voltage image file
Processing, obtains CCD analog circuit emulating images.
Step 108, digital-to-analogue quantify modeling and simulating：The analog circuit emulating image of input is carried out by digital image file
Degeneration is handled, and is obtained modulus and is quantified emulating image, as exports the digital picture of camera.
The embodiment of the present invention, considers the emulation of remote sensing camera optical system and imaging and imaging is tied with electro-optical system emulation
The influence factor of fruit, sets up detailed complete remote sensing camera parameter database, emulating image and true picture is had higher patch
Recency, with simulation accuracy higher.
Fig. 5 is the pie graph of the optical camera simulated imaging system based on ray tracing shown in the embodiment of the present invention；This is imitated
True imaging system includes：Optical system simulation unit 51 and imaging and electro-optical system simulation unit 52.Wherein, optical system is emulated
Unit 51 includes：Optical system modeling module 511, camera distortion emulation module 512, camera disc of confusion emulation module 513 and phase
Machine veiling glare emulation module 514.
Optical system simulation unit 51 is the design accuracy adaptive polo placement on the basis of the modeling of ray tracing optical system
Model, the quick degeneration simulation calculation realized to entrance pupil spoke luminance picture.
Optical system modeling module 511, for setting up optical system model in optical design software, obtains optical system
File.
Camera distortion emulation module 512 is connected with optical system modeling module 511, for setting up camera geometric distortion ginseng
Number, using the spoke luminance picture at camera entrance pupil as input, after distortion model is degenerated, obtains the fault image in image planes.
Camera distortion emulation module 512 determines sample area according to position on ccd image, with reference to minimum sampling interval, really
Determine sample point coordinate；ZEMAX optical system softwares are called, input sample point coordinate data obtains visual field distortion data；By camera
Entrance pupil spoke luminance picture is as input, after the degeneration of visual field distortion model, completes camera distortion emulation, obtains abnormal in image planes
Become image.Camera distortion image is directly transferred to camera disc of confusion emulation module 513 by system.
Camera disc of confusion emulation module 513 is connected with camera distortion emulation module 512, for calculating on entrance pupil face each
Disc of confusion situation of the object point on imaging surface, obtains disc of confusion matrix on visual field, and carrying out disperse to the fault image in image planes moves back
Change is handled, and obtains the figure of optical lens preferred embodiment picture in image planes.
Camera disc of confusion emulation module 513 is according to ray tracing and optical system file, and the light that tracking object point is sent exists
The position of image planes, obtains disc of confusion situation；ZEMAX optical system softwares are called, diffuser plate matrix is obtained.Camera distortion is emulated
The camera distortion image that module 512 is exported carries out disperse degeneration processing, obtains the figure of optical lens preferred embodiment picture in image planes.System is by disc of confusion
Image transmitting is to camera veiling glare simulation unit 514.
Camera veiling glare emulation module 514 is connected with camera disc of confusion emulation module 513, for emulating under different visual fields
Optical system obtains veiling glare irradiance distribution data to the suppression situation of veiling glare.Figure of optical lens preferred embodiment picture in image planes is carried out
Spuious degeneration processing, obtains the spuious light irradiance image in image planes.
Camera veiling glare emulation module 514 is emulated different by being modeled to optical system structure and light shield
Optics market, carries out ray tracing by veiling glare simulation analysis software (TracePro), obtains imaging source image planes irradiation level
Data EiAnd the image planes irradiance data E comprising veiling glare and imagingh, image planes veiling glare spoke can obtain by the two matrix
Illumination data；Figure of optical lens preferred embodiment by being exported with camera disc of confusion emulation module 513 obtains the veiling glare in image planes as superimposed
Irradiation level image.Spuious light irradiance image in image planes is directly transferred to imaging and electro-optical system simulation unit 52 by system.
Imaging includes with electro-optical system simulation unit 52：Spectral response analysis module 521, CCD opto-electronic conversion emulation modules
522nd, the sum modular ratio emulation module 524 of analog circuit emulation module 523.
Imaging is used to enter the spuious light irradiance image in image planes row degradation processing with electro-optical system simulation unit 52, with
Obtain image.
Spectral response analysis module 521 is used for wave band and CCD spectral response curve according to entrance pupil spoke luminance picture, meter
Calculate the responsiveness of correspondence wave band.
CCD opto-electronic conversions emulation module 522 and the camera veiling glare emulation module 513 and light of optical system simulation unit 51
Spectrum response analysis module 521 is connected, for setting up CCD opto-electronic conversion models, according to CCD Parameter File and circuit parameter text
Part carries out opto-electronic conversion to spuious light irradiance image and emulated with integration imaging, obtains CCD opto-electronic conversion emulating images.
The optical signal being incident in photosensitive member is mainly converted to electric signal by CCD opto-electronic conversions emulation module 522, with reference to
The dutycycle of ccd sensor, responsiveness, noise, dark current, CCD device visit first influence such as inconsistency and the time of integration because
Element, the spuious light irradiance image that emulation CCD opto-electronic conversions are exported to camera veiling glare emulation module 514 enters row degradation processing,
Obtain CCD opto-electronic conversion emulating images.Opto-electronic conversion emulating image is directly transferred to analog circuit emulation module 523 by system.
Analog circuit emulation module 523 is connected with CCD opto-electronic conversions emulation module 522, for according in design circuit
Response data of the analog voltage signal after circuit devcie, obtains analog circuit simulation document；And CCD opto-electronic conversions are emulated
Image enters row degradation processing, obtains analog circuit emulating image.
Impedance matching of the analog voltage signal that analog circuit simulation unit 523 is used in circuit respectively through circuit devcie
And amplification, LPF, after voltage adjustment and noise overlap-add procedure, obtain analog circuit simulation document.It is imitative to CCD opto-electronic conversions
The CCD opto-electronic conversion emulating images that true module 522 is exported, enter row degradation processing, obtain CCD analog circuit emulating images.System
CCD analog circuit emulating images are directly transferred to digital-to-analogue and quantify emulation module 524.
Digital-to-analogue quantifies emulation module 524 and is connected with analog circuit emulation module 523, by digital image file to input
Analog circuit emulating image enter row degradation processing, obtain modulus quantify emulating image, as export camera digital picture.
By above-described embodiment, the optical camera simulation imaging method and system of the invention based on ray tracing,
Following beneficial effect is reached：
(1) the optical camera simulation imaging method and system of the present invention based on ray tracing, considers remote sensing phase
Machine optical system and CCD imaging system influence on RT factors, set up detailed complete remote sensing camera parameter database,
Emulating image and true picture is set to have higher approach degree, with simulation accuracy higher.
(2) the optical camera simulation imaging method and system of the present invention based on ray tracing, contains camera opticses
The optical camera imaging simulation method of systematical distortion, disc of confusion and veiling glare, realizes that optical system simulation model is calculated；Realizing
On the basis of the modeling of ray tracing optical system, design accuracy adaptive polo placement model, on the basis of required precision is met,
Arithmetic speed is improved, short time optical system Modeling Calculation is realized.
(3) the optical camera simulation imaging method and system of the present invention based on ray tracing, in detailed CCD camera
Mathematical modeling is carried out to the subsystems in CCD camera imaging process on the basis of design parameter, to each subsystem modeling
On the basis of, the emulation for realizing camera CCD imaging systems is connected using system input and output end to end to whole remote sensing camera,
Complete emulation technology framework is set up, sub-system sets up accurate model.
It should be understood by those skilled in the art that, embodiments of the invention can be provided as method, device or computer program
Product.Therefore, the present invention can be using the reality in terms of complete hardware embodiment, complete software embodiment or combination software and hardware
Apply the form of example.Moreover, the present invention can be used in one or more computers for wherein including computer usable program code
The computer program production that usable storage medium is implemented on (including but is not limited to magnetic disk storage, CD-ROM, optical memory etc.)
The form of product.
Although some specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail by example, the skill of this area
Art personnel are it should be understood that example above is merely to illustrate, the scope being not intended to be limiting of the invention.The skill of this area
Art personnel to above example it should be understood that can modify without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention.This hair
Bright scope is defined by the following claims.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of optical camera simulation imaging method based on ray tracing, it is characterised in that including：Optical system emulate and into
As being emulated with electro-optical system；
The optical system emulation realizes optical system Modeling Calculation on the basis of based on the modeling of ray tracing optical system,
Wherein, the optical system emulation includes：
Optical system is modeled：According to the design parameter of optical system, optical system model is set up in optical design software, is obtained
Optical system file；
Camera distortion modeling and simulating：By the optical system file, with reference to ccd image position, camera distortion parameter is set up, and
Using camera entrance pupil spoke luminance picture as input, after distortion model is degenerated, the fault image in image planes is obtained；
Camera disc of confusion modeling and simulating：By the ray tracing to optical system, with reference to the optical system file, entrance pupil is obtained
Disc of confusion situation of the object point on imaging surface on each visual field, obtains disc of confusion matrix, the fault image in image planes is entered on face
Row disperse degeneration is handled, and obtains the figure of optical lens preferred embodiment picture in image planes；
Camera veiling glare modeling and simulating：Ray tracing is carried out by veiling glare simulation analysis software, optics under different visual fields is emulated
System obtains veiling glare irradiance distribution data to the suppression situation of veiling glare, and the figure of optical lens preferred embodiment picture in the image planes is carried out
Spuious degeneration processing, obtains the spuious light irradiance image in image planes；
The imaging is emulated for entering row degradation processing to the spuious irradiation level image in image planes, to obtain imaging with electro-optical system
Image；Wherein, imaging includes with electro-optical system emulation：
Spectral response analysis module：According to the wave band of entrance pupil spoke luminance picture and CCD spectral response curve, correspondence wave band is calculated
Responsiveness；
CCD opto-electronic conversion modeling and simulatings：According to CCD Parameter File and circuit parameter file, to the spuious spoke in the image planes
Illumination image carries out opto-electronic conversion and emulated with integration imaging, obtains CCD opto-electronic conversion emulating images；
Analog circuit modeling and simulating：According to response data of the analog voltage signal after circuit devcie in design circuit, obtain
Analog circuit simulation document；And enter row degradation processing to CCD opto-electronic conversion emulating images, obtain analog circuit emulating image；
Digital-to-analogue quantifies modeling and simulating：The analog circuit emulating image of input is entered at row degradation by digital image file
Reason, obtains modulus and quantifies emulating image, as export the digital picture of camera.
2. the optical camera simulation imaging method according to claim 1 based on ray tracing, it is characterised in that the phase
The specific method of machine distortion modeling and simulating, including：
According to data such as Entry pupil diameters, minimum sampling interval is calculated；
According to position on ccd image, sample area is determined, with reference to minimum sampling interval, the sampled point in sample area is determined；
Optical system software is called, input sample point coordinate data is determined according to the preferable image height of the sampled point and actual image height
The distortion value of the sampled point, distortion model is set up according to the distortion value of each sampled point；
Using camera entrance pupil spoke luminance picture as input, after the degeneration of visual field distortion model, camera distortion emulation is completed.
3. the optical camera simulation imaging method according to claim 1 based on ray tracing, it is characterised in that the phase
The specific method of machine disc of confusion modeling and simulating, including：
By inputting the parameter of sampled point in CCD imagings, camera disc of confusion modeling and simulating input file is generated；According to camera disperse
Spot modeling and simulating file parameters, call the optical design software, position of the light that tracking object point is sent in image planes is obtained
Disc of confusion situation of the object point on imaging surface on each visual field, draws the point spread function on the sampled point on entrance pupil face；
To the point spread function of each Chosen Point, choose predetermined sampling yardstick and carry out refinement statistics, obtain sampled point with
Disc of confusion matrix centered on chief ray；
Convolution algorithm is carried out to the fault image in the image planes and disperse class matrix, the figure of optical lens preferred embodiment in image planes is obtained
Picture.
4. the optical camera simulation imaging method according to claim 1 based on ray tracing, it is characterised in that the phase
The specific method of machine veiling glare modeling and simulating, including：
The optical system file of optical design software is imported in light simulation softward, in the case of without other settings,
Ray tracing is carried out, no veiling glare image planes irradiation level file is obtained, imaging source image planes irradiance data E is obtainedi；
The optical system file of optical design software is imported in light simulation softward, source modeling is completed and sets and then carry out light
Line trace, obtains veiling glare image planes irradiation level file, obtains the image planes irradiance data E comprising veiling glare and imagingh；
By the obtained image planes irradiance data E comprising veiling glare and imagingh, with imaging source image planes irradiance data Ei, square
Battle array is subtracted each other obtains image planes veiling glare irradiance distribution data E finallys：
Es=Eh-Ei
According to veiling glare irradiance distribution data Es, calculate image planes veiling glare relative lamp degrees of data Er：
Er[i, j]=Es[i,j]/StryMax
In formula, Er[i, j] and Es[i, j] represents the veiling glare Relative illumination and veiling glare irradiance data of image planes point respectively；
StryMax represents the maximum irradiance data of imaging source image planes；
According to image planes veiling glare relative lamp degrees of data and the figure of optical lens preferred embodiment picture in image planes, the spuious light irradiance in image planes is obtained
Image Ef；
Ef[i, j]=Eimg[i,j]+IMax·Er[i,j]
In formula, Eimg[i, j] represents the gray value that disperse light image is put at (i, j)；IMax representative image maximum gradation values；Pass through
Veiling glare irradiance data is added in disperse light image, the simulation calculation of image planes flare map picture is realized.
5. the optical camera simulation imaging method according to claim 1 based on ray tracing, it is characterised in that described
The specific method of CCD opto-electronic conversion modeling and simulatings, including：
Coordinate position of each sampled points of CCD in image planes on spuious light irradiance image is calculated, the boundary bit of sampled pixel is determined
Put, repartition image pixel；
By veiling glare irradiance data and CCD dutycycles, calculate CCD and visit the illuminance that member is an actually-received：
Ereal=E × MSR
In formula, MSR is CCD dutycycles, and E is spuious light irradiance；
Calculate the corresponding output voltages of each wave band λ；
Then upon exposure between for when, the corresponding output voltage of single wave band is：
Vλ=Rλ×Ereal,λ×τ
In formula, RλFor CCD responsivenesses, τ is the CCD times of integration, EResl, λFor the magnitude of voltage of single wave band；
Calculate the output voltage of n input wave band：
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<mo>=</mo>
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<mi>&lambda;</mi>
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Calculate the inconsistency for visiting first brightness of image；
Y [i]=k [i] × x [i]+b [i]
Wherein, x [i] is the first output voltage values of i-th of spy, and y [i] visits first output for correspondence, and k [i] visits member not for i-th
Coherency response coefficient；B [i] is the inconsistency biasing coefficient of i-th of spy member；
Superimposed noise signal is to obtain true output voltage signal；
Vreal=V+Vnoise
In formula, VnoiseFor noise voltage；
According to CCD dynamic ranges to the single influence for visiting first output voltage, the single voltages for visiting first opto-electronic conversion output of CCD are preserved
Image file Vout；
The spuious light irradiance image inputted in image planes, enters at row degradation according to voltage image file to spuious light irradiance image
Reason, obtains CCD opto-electronic conversion emulating images.
6. a kind of optical camera simulated imaging system based on ray tracing, it is characterised in that including：Optical system simulation unit
With imaging and electro-optical system simulation unit；Wherein, optical system simulation unit includes：
Optical system modeling module, for setting up optical system model in optical design software, obtains optical system file；
Camera distortion emulation module, for setting up camera geometric distortion parameter, regard camera entrance pupil spoke luminance picture as input, warp
Cross after distortion model degeneration, obtain the fault image in image planes；
Camera disc of confusion emulation module, for calculating on entrance pupil face disc of confusion situation of the object point on imaging surface on each visual field,
Disc of confusion matrix is obtained, disperse degeneration processing is carried out to the fault image in image planes, the figure of optical lens preferred embodiment picture in image planes is obtained；
Camera veiling glare emulation module, to the suppression situation of veiling glare, obtains spuious for emulating optical system under different visual fields
Light irradiance distributed data；Spuious degeneration processing is carried out to the figure of optical lens preferred embodiment picture in image planes, the veiling glare irradiation in image planes is obtained
Spend image.
7. the optical camera simulated imaging system according to claim 6 based on ray tracing, it is characterised in that it is described into
As including with electro-optical system simulation unit：
Spectral response analysis module, for the wave band and CCD spectral response curve according to entrance pupil spoke luminance picture, calculates correspondence
The responsiveness of wave band；
CCD opto-electronic conversion emulation modules, for setting up CCD opto-electronic conversion models, according to CCD Parameter File and circuit parameter text
Part carries out opto-electronic conversion to spuious light irradiance image and emulated with integration imaging, obtains CCD opto-electronic conversion emulating images；
Analog circuit emulation module, for according to design circuit in response data of the analog voltage signal after circuit devcie,
Obtain analog circuit simulation document；And enter row degradation processing to CCD opto-electronic conversion emulating images, obtain analog circuit analogous diagram
Picture；
Digital-to-analogue quantifies emulation module, and entering row degradation to the analog circuit emulating image of input by digital image file is handled, and is obtained
Quantify emulating image to modulus, as export the digital picture of camera.
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| CN113204893B (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2023-03-03 | 三一专用汽车有限责任公司 | Camera simulation precision evaluation method and device |
| CN113204893A (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-08-03 | 三一专用汽车有限责任公司 | Camera simulation precision evaluation method and device |
| CN113868865A (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2021-12-31 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Method for introducing CCD (Charge coupled device) unevenness error model based on single image surface optical system |
| CN113868865B (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2024-05-24 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Method for introducing CCD unevenness error model based on single image plane optical system |
| WO2023226218A1 (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2023-11-30 | 清华大学 | Axisymmetric optical imaging parallel simulation method and apparatus |
| CN115793238A (en) * | 2022-12-23 | 2023-03-14 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Stray light coefficient simulation method |
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