CN112597657B - Millimeter wave S parameter transmission amplitude standard design method - Google Patents
Millimeter wave S parameter transmission amplitude standard design method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112597657B CN112597657B CN202011586574.3A CN202011586574A CN112597657B CN 112597657 B CN112597657 B CN 112597657B CN 202011586574 A CN202011586574 A CN 202011586574A CN 112597657 B CN112597657 B CN 112597657B
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- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/22—Attenuating devices
- H01P1/222—Waveguide attenuators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing waveguides or resonators, lines, or other devices of the waveguide type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
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Abstract
The invention relates to a design method of a millimeter wave S-parameter transmission amplitude standard, which comprises the following steps: step 1, determining the width dimension a and the narrow dimension b of a waveguide port; step 2, determining an initial value of a distance s between a coupling hole of a coupling piece and the edge of the waveguide; step 3, determining the distance d between the coupling holes; step 4, determining the aperture r and the number N of the coupling holes; step 5, performing simulation analysis optimization by using the parameters a, b, s, d, r, N to obtain final waveguide parameters and coupling piece parameters; and 6, manufacturing a waveguide attenuator according to the parameters of the waveguide and the parameters of the coupling piece, and adding a wave-absorbing load at the terminal of the waveguide to manufacture the two-port attenuator. The standard device is realized by adopting a waveguide attenuator and is mainly used as a transmission amplitude standard device in a vector network analyzer inspection standard; the design method of the standard device is mainly applied to millimeter wave frequency bands and can also be applied to microwave frequency bands.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of etalons, and particularly relates to a design method of a millimeter wave S-parameter transmission amplitude etalon.
Background
The vector network analyzer is used for measuring microwave networks such as a microwave amplifier, a coupler, a power divider, an isolator and the like, and is widely applied to various links such as development, manufacture, calibration and the like of microwave devices. Because of systematic errors in the vector network analyzer, the vector network analyzer must be calibrated before use, and a series of calibration pieces with calibration values are required to be used for checking the calibration state of the analyzer after calibration. The inspection piece mainly comprises a reflection amplitude standard, a transmission amplitude standard and a transmission phase standard. The reflection amplitude standard device is mainly realized by using a standard mismatch device, the transmission amplitude standard device is mainly realized by using a standard attenuator, and the transmission phase standard device is mainly realized by using a rational matching transmission line. In the millimeter wave band above 50GHz, microwave transmission lines are typically rectangular waveguide transmission lines. What this patent needs to protect is a design method of transmission amplitude standard, this standard adopts the coupled attenuator of waveguide to realize, the main characteristic of the attenuator of waveguide that this method designs is that the frequency response is flat and the voltage standing wave ratio is little.
Waveguide attenuators typically use an attenuation sheet to consume electromagnetic wave power to create attenuation. However, the frequency response of the waveguide attenuator using the attenuation sheet inserted into the waveguide is uneven, and the medium in the waveguide transmission line is discontinuous due to the insertion of the attenuation sheet into the waveguide, so that a large mismatch is generated, the voltage standing wave ratio of the attenuation sheet is large (generally larger than 1.3), and the attenuation sheet is not suitable for being used as a transmission amplitude standard in an S-parameter standard.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention aims to solve the problems that the medium in the waveguide transmission line is discontinuous due to the insertion of the attenuation sheet into the waveguide, so that larger mismatch is generated and the voltage standing wave is larger in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the design method of the millimeter wave S-parameter transmission amplitude standard comprises the following steps:
step 1, determining the width dimension a and the narrow dimension b of a waveguide port;
step 2, determining an initial value of a distance s between a coupling hole of a coupling piece and the edge of the waveguide;
step 3, determining the distance d between the coupling holes;
step 4, determining the aperture r and the number N of the coupling holes;
step 5, performing simulation analysis optimization by using the parameters a, b, s, d, r, N to obtain final waveguide parameters and coupling piece parameters;
and 6, manufacturing a waveguide attenuator according to the parameters of the waveguide and the parameters of the coupling piece, and adding a wave-absorbing load at the terminal of the waveguide to manufacture the two-port attenuator.
Preferably, the step 1 includes:
the standard waveguide port broadside and narrow side dimensions are selected according to the operating frequency of the attenuator.
Preferably, the step 2 includes: s=a/4 is chosen as its initial value.
Preferably, the step 3 includes:
according to the frequency band initial frequency f corresponding to the standard waveguide 1 And termination frequency f 2 Calculate the center frequency f 0 ＝(f 1 +f 2 ) And/2, calculating the wavelength lambda in the vacuum corresponding to the wavelength lambda 0 ＝c/f 0 Wherein c is the speed of light in vacuum; then calculate the corresponding guided wavelength lambda according to the formula (1) g Wherein a is the length of the wide side of the standard waveguide of the frequency band, and finally, one quarter of the wavelength in the waveguide is taken as the initial value of the distance d between the coupling holes.
Preferably, the step 4 includes: the initial value of the coupling hole aperture r is determined according to the attenuation amount of the designed attenuator, and n=14.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the design method of the waveguide transmission amplitude standard device is realized by adopting the waveguide attenuator, the attenuation quantity of the waveguide attenuator designed by the method can have flat frequency response in the whole waveguide working frequency band, and meanwhile, the attenuator can obtain excellent voltage standing wave ratio by realizing the attenuator in a coupler mode, and the attenuator designed by the method has simple structure and convenient use.
2. The invention designs a millimeter wave S parameter transmission amplitude standard device, which adopts a coupling directional coupler, and an absorber is added at the through waveguide terminal of the standard device to convert a four-port coupler into a two-port attenuator. According to the method, an attenuation sheet is not added to a waveguide signal transmission part, and medium discontinuity in a waveguide is not introduced, so that the voltage standing wave ratio of the attenuator designed by the method is extremely small and is generally equivalent to a matched load level. And meanwhile, by controlling the aperture of a series of coupling holes, the frequency response attenuated by the transmission amplitude standard device can be flattened. The problems of large voltage standing wave ratio and uneven frequency response of the traditional absorption sheet type attenuator are solved.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail through the drawings and the embodiments.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the invention and together with the embodiments of the invention, serve to explain the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a waveguide attenuator of the present invention;
wherein, 1-coupling piece, 2-waveguide.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, it being understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation of the present invention only, and are not intended to limit the present invention.
The design method of the millimeter wave S parameter transmission amplitude standard device, as shown in figure 1, takes 220 GHz-330 GHz frequency bands as an example, and describes the specific process of designing the waveguide coupling type attenuator with the nominal attenuation of 40dB by applying the design method. The standard waveguide of 220 GHz-330 GHz frequency band is WM-864 standard waveguide, its waveguide broadside a=0.864 mm, narrow side b=0.432 mm. The common waveguide flange of the frequency band is a UG-387 standard flange. The attenuator is designed by mainly determining the number N of coupling holes on the coupling piece, the distance d, the aperture r and the distance s between the coupling holes and the edge of the waveguide. The specific standard device comprises the following steps:
step 1: a first defined waveguide port broadside dimension a and a narrow side dimension b. The wide side a=0.864 mm and the narrow side b=0.432 mm of the waveguide are determined according to the wide side and the narrow side dimensions of the waveguide opening of the designed attenuator working frequency selection standard and the reference IEEE1785.1 waveguide standard of the 220 GHz-330 GHz frequency band.
Step 2: and the initial value of the distance s between the coupling hole of the coupling piece and the waveguide edge is determined, and the initial value s=0.216 mm is selected when s=a/4.
Step 3: d, determining the distance between the coupling holes, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
1) The frequency band initial frequency f 1 =220 GHz and termination frequency f 2 =330 GHz, the center frequency is calculated according to the formula
f 0 ＝(f 1 +f 2 )/2＝275GHz
2) Calculating the wavelength of the free space corresponding to the center frequency:
λ 0 ＝c/f 0 ＝1.090mm
3) Calculating a quarter of the in-guide wavelength of the frequency point corresponding to the frequency band standard waveguide:
step 4: determining the aperture r and the number N of the coupling holes, comprehensively considering the factors such as the processing of the coupling holes, selecting the number of the coupling holes to be N=14 in the frequency band, adopting Chebyshev distribution for the aperture of the coupling holes, and calculating to obtain a series of apertures of the coupling holes, wherein the maximum aperture r is 0 =106.3 μm, minimum r 6 ＝51.5μm.
And 5, performing simulation analysis optimization by using the parameters a, b, s, d, r, N to obtain final waveguide parameters and coupling piece parameters.
Step 6: and manufacturing a waveguide attenuator according to the parameters of the waveguide and the parameters of the coupling sheet, and adding a wave-absorbing load at the terminal of the waveguide to manufacture the two-port attenuator.
The technical scheme has the working principle and beneficial technical effects that: the transmission amplitude standard device is realized by adopting the waveguide attenuator, has extremely small voltage standing wave ratio and flat frequency response of attenuation, and is particularly suitable for being used as the transmission amplitude standard device in the S-parameter standard device. The design method has satisfactory application effects in the terahertz frequency bands of microwaves, millimeter waves and higher, and solves the problems that the voltage standing wave ratio of the absorption attenuator is large and the attenuation frequency response is uneven.
The invention provides a millimeter wave S parameter transmission amplitude standard device, the structure of which is shown in figure 2, wherein a coupling piece 1 in the horizontal direction is arranged in a waveguide 2, the upper waveguide of the coupling piece 1 is an upper waveguide cavity, and the lower part of the coupling piece 1 is a lower waveguide cavity. The two waveguide cavities correspond to the two waveguide ports of the attenuator, respectively. And the absorption load is added at the terminal ends of the waveguide cavities at the upper side and the lower side to absorb the direct energy, and attenuation is realized through coupling.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
Claims (3)
1. The design method of the millimeter wave S parameter transmission amplitude standard is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, determining the width dimension of a waveguide portaAnd narrow edge dimensionb；
Step 2, determining the distance between the coupling hole of the coupling piece and the edge of the waveguidesIs the initial value of (2);
the step 2 comprises the following steps: selection ofs=aAnd/4 is its initial value;
step 3, determining the distance between the coupling holesd；
The step 3 comprises the following steps: according to the frequency band initial frequency corresponding to the standard waveguidef 1 Termination frequencyf 2 Calculate the center frequencyf 0 =（f 1 + f 2 ) And/2, calculating the wavelength in vacuumλ 0 =c/ f 0 WhereincIs the speed of light in vacuum; then calculate the corresponding guide-in wavelength according to the formula (1)λ g In the followingaThe width of the waveguide mouth is the width of the waveguide mouth, and finally, one quarter of the wavelength in the waveguide is taken as the distance between the coupling holesdIs the initial value of (2);
(1)
step 4, determining the aperture of the coupling holerQuantity and quantityN；
Step 5, utilizing parametersa、b、s、d、r、NPerforming simulation analysis optimization to obtain final waveguide parameters and coupling piece parameters;
step 6, manufacturing a waveguide attenuator according to the parameters of the waveguide and the parameters of the coupling piece, and manufacturing a two-port attenuator by adding a wave-absorbing load to the terminal of the waveguide;
the coupling piece in the horizontal direction is arranged in the waveguide, the upper waveguide of the coupling piece is an upper waveguide cavity, the lower waveguide cavity of the coupling piece is a lower waveguide cavity, the two waveguide cavities respectively correspond to the two waveguide ports of the attenuator, absorption loads are added at the terminals of the waveguide cavities at the upper side and the lower side, through energy is absorbed, and attenuation is achieved through coupling.
2. The method for designing millimeter wave S-parameter transmission amplitude standard according to claim 1, wherein the step 1 comprises:
the standard waveguide port broadside and narrow side dimensions are selected according to the operating frequency of the attenuator.
3. The method for designing millimeter wave S-parameter transmission amplitude standard according to claim 1, wherein the step 4 comprises: coupling hole aperturerIs determined according to the attenuation of the designed attenuator, n=14.
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| CN107832640A (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2018-03-23 | 上海交通大学 | Normalization nonnegative real number matrix convolution device and application method based on integrated light WDM technology |
| CN108172962A (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-06-15 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of broadband circular waveguide directional coupler for microwave power measurement |
| CN109298367A (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2019-02-01 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | A kind of waveguide transmission phase standard device and design method |
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| US7164994B2 (en) * | 2005-02-04 | 2007-01-16 | Tektronix, Inc. | Differential termination attenuator network for a measurement probe having an internal termination voltage generator |
| US10852333B2 (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2020-12-01 | X Development Llc | Earth-ionosphere waveguide power transfer |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107832640A (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2018-03-23 | 上海交通大学 | Normalization nonnegative real number matrix convolution device and application method based on integrated light WDM technology |
| CN108172962A (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-06-15 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of broadband circular waveguide directional coupler for microwave power measurement |
| CN109298367A (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2019-02-01 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | A kind of waveguide transmission phase standard device and design method |
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