CN112597434B - Method and system for rapidly realizing polarization KHT decomposition - Google Patents
Method and system for rapidly realizing polarization KHT decomposition Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for rapidly realizing polarization KHT decomposition, wherein the method comprises the following steps: reading in a polarization scattering matrix S to be decomposed]Data, calculating Huynen parameters; the Kenneugh-Huynen decomposition parameters are calculated based on the Huynen parameters, and include: the maximum scattering amplitude m of the target, the orientation angle psi, the helix angle tau, the polarization angle gamma and the jump angle gamma; the Touzi decomposition parameters are calculated based on the Huynen parameters, and include: symmetric scattering amplitude alpha s Symmetric scattering phaseThe method of the invention enables the rapid implementation of the decomposition of the polarized KHT.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of polarized radar image information processing, in particular to the field of polarized coherent radar target decomposition, and particularly relates to a method and a system for rapidly realizing polarized KHT decomposition.
Background
The polarized radar detects the diversity polarization scattering information of the target by the diversity polarization states formed by the transmitting and receiving antennas, and stores the information in a 2 x 2 target scattering matrix S. Polarization coherent decomposition, i.e. the extraction of geometrical physical scattering information of the object from the matrix S, is aimed at enhancing the detection and recognition interpretation. In 1951, the university of Ohio, kenneugh teaches that extraction of the polarization state of the target features can be achieved by diagonalization of the scattering matrix [ S ]. In 1970, the decomposition process was further perfected by the university of Holland, huynen doctor, under the academy of Kenneugh-Huynen decomposition. Based on the decomposition, huynen develops a well-known radar target topography theory and lays a foundation stone for radar polarization detection.
Kennaugh-Huynen decomposes into a specific form of Autonne-Takagi decomposition, which is expressed as follows:
unitary matrix [ U ] 2 (υ，τ，ψ)]Further consists of three matrices belonging to the second order special unitary group SU (2):
[U 2 (υ，τ，ψ)]＝[U 2 (υ)][U 2 (τ)][U 2 (ψ)]
here, the
Wherein [ U ] 2 (ψ)]For SU (2) polarization rotation matrix, ψ E [ -90 DEG C，90°]Is the target direction angle; [ U ] 2 (τ)]For SU (2) polarized elliptic matrix, τ E [ -45 DEG, 45 DEG]Is a target elliptical angle; [ U ] 2 (υ)]For SU (2) polarization phase matrix, v E [ -45 DEG, 45 DEG]Is the target jump angle.
[S D (m，γ)]For the real diagonal matrix:
wherein m is the maximum scattering amplitude of the target; gamma e [0 DEG, 45 DEG ] is the target polarization angle.
Among the five Kenneugh-Huynen decomposition parameters, the physical meaning of m, ψ and τ is relatively clear: 4 pi m 2 The maximum scattering sectional area of the target is obtained; the direction angle psi is closely related to the geometric topology of the target and has been successfully used for terrain inversion; the ellipses τ delineate the symmetry and regularity of the object. In contrast, there is some blurring of the target jump angle v and the polarization angle γ. For this purpose, the professor Touzi, a remote sensing center in Canada, proposed a symmetric scattering amplitude α in 2007 on the basis of Kenneugh-Huynen decomposition s Symmetric scattering phaseTwo parameters, as alternatives to the target jump angle v and the polarization angle y:
this decomposition is called Touzi decomposition, which is also called Kenneugh-Huynen-Touzi decomposition (hereinafter abbreviated as KHT decomposition) in combination with Kenneugh-Huynen decomposition. Research shows that the parameter alpha s The method can be used for effectively describing a target scattering mechanism, and has good consistency with a well-known Cloude-Pottier alpha angle parameter on symmetric target scattering; while symmetric scattering phaseHas excellent performance in wetland classification. These all cause KHT decompositionThere has been a great deal of attention and application gained in recent years.
Nevertheless, from a matrix transformation perspective, KHT decomposition is not a unitary transformation in the traditional sense, but a co-similarity transformation, which makes it difficult to solve directly. Thus, the method currently in common use is to construct a Graves matrix [ G ]
Wherein the method comprises the steps of
[G D (m，γ)]＝[S D (m，γ)] * [S D (m，γ)]
Thus will pair the scattering matrix S]The co-similarity transformation of the pair Graves matrix G]Is a second order unitary transformation of (a): at this time [ U ] 2 (υ，τ，ψ)]And [ G ] D (m，γ)]Respectively as matrix [ G ]]The feature vector matrix and the feature value matrix of (a) can be realized through feature decomposition. Then by decomposing [ U ] 2 (υ，τ，ψ)]The extraction of the parameters psi, tau and upsilon is realized according to the method; by decomposition of [ G D (m，γ)]Extracting parameters m and gamma; again by parameter alpha s Andnonlinear conversion relation between the parameter v and the parameter gamma realizes the parameter alpha s And->Is added to the final extraction of (a).
As can be seen from the above description, although matrix [ G]Is constructed such that for KHT parameters psi, τ, v, m, γ, α s AndThe solution of (2) is possible, but the serial parameter extraction process is still complicated and cannot be realized in parallel. This would place a significant computational burden on the high resolution large data polarized images faced by current and future polarized radar telemetry.
To solve this problem, the co-similarity transformation on the target scattering matrix [ S ] can be further equivalently transformed into a third-order unitary transformation on the 3×3 target coherence matrix [ T ] using the transformation relationship of polarized SU (2) group to SU (3) group:
wherein the method comprises the steps of
Wherein k is Pauli vector; a is that 0 、B 0 B, C, D, E, F, G and H are called Huynen parameters, which are associated with a scattering matrix element S HH 、S HV And S is VV The relationship between them is as follows:
unitary matrix [ U ] 3 (ψ，τ，υ)]Further consists of three matrices belonging to a third-order special unitary group SU (3):
[U 3 (ψ，τ，υ)]＝[U 3 (ψ)][U 3 (τ)][U 3 (υ)]
here, the
Wherein [ U ] 3 (ψ)]、[U 3 (τ)]And [ U ] 3 (υ)]Respectively is AND [ U ] 2 (ψ)]、[U 2 (τ)]And [ U ] 2 (υ)]A corresponding SU (3) polarization rotation matrix, SU (3) polarization elliptical matrix, and SU (3) polarization phase matrix.
Matrix [ T ] D (m，γ)]The method comprises the following steps:
using the above transformation relationships, it is obtained through a number of strict derivations:
further use of the parameter alpha s Andthe nonlinear conversion relation between the parameters v and gamma can be obtained:
the two above first give all KHT parameters psi, tau, v, m, gamma, alpha s Andis a solution to the analysis. So by scattering the matrix [ S ] on the target]Is converted into a target coherent matrix [ T ]]Based on the target Huynen parameters, the solution of all KHT parameters can be directly and parallelly realized by using the above two formulas. The calculation process does not need to do any matrix transformation and decomposition operation, which has important application value for target identification and interpretation based on high-resolution big data polarization images.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide all KHT parameters psi, tau, upsilon, m, gamma and alpha for the first time by utilizing the equivalent relation between 2X 2 target scattering matrix co-similarity transformation and 3X 3 target coherent matrix unitary transformation s Andprovides a rapid implementation method of polarization KHT decomposition.
Embodiment 1 of the present invention proposes a method for rapidly implementing decomposition of a polarized KHT, said method comprising:
reading in polarization scattering matrix [ S ] data to be decomposed, and calculating Huynen parameters;
the Kenneugh-Huynen decomposition parameters are calculated based on the Huynen parameters, and include: the maximum scattering amplitude m of the target, the orientation angle psi, the helix angle tau, the polarization angle gamma and the jump angle gamma;
the Touzi decomposition parameters are calculated based on the Huynen parameters, and include: symmetric scattering amplitude alpha s Symmetric scattering phase
As an improvement of the method, the method reads in the polarization scattering matrix [ S ] data to be decomposed and calculates Huynen parameters; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the polarization scattering matrix [ S ] to be decomposed is read in as follows:
wherein S is HV Representing the scattering coefficient of the target received by the horizontal polarized antenna after the electromagnetic wave emitted by the vertical polarized antenna irradiates the target; s is S HH The scattering coefficient of the target received by the horizontal polarization antenna after the electromagnetic wave emitted by the horizontal polarization antenna irradiates the target; s is S VV Representing the scattering coefficient of the target received by the vertical polarized antenna after the electromagnetic wave emitted by the vertical polarized antenna irradiates the target; s is S VH The scattering coefficient of the target received by the vertical polarized antenna after the electromagnetic wave emitted by the horizontal polarized antenna irradiates the target; under the condition of single-station radar back scattering, the target scattering satisfies the mutual dissimilarity: s is S HV ＝S VH ；
Based on scattering matrix element S HH 、S HV And S is VV Five Huynen parameters A 0 、B 0 The formulas for C, F and H are as follows:
wherein Re {.cndot. } and Im {.cndot. } represent operations taking real and imaginary parts, respectively.
As an improvement of the above method, the Kenneugh-Huynen decomposition parameters are calculated based on Huynen parameters; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
as an improvement of the above method, the Touzi decomposition parameters are calculated based on Huynen parameters; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
embodiment 2 of the present invention proposes a system for rapidly implementing decomposition of a polarized KHT, comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on said memory and executable on said processor, said processor implementing the above-mentioned method when executing said computer program.
The invention has the advantages that:
the method and the system of the invention utilize the equivalent relation between the 2X 2 target scattering matrix co-similarity transformation and the 3X 3 target coherent matrix unitary transformation to give all KHT parameters psi, tau, upsilon, m, gamma and alpha for the first time s Andthe analytical expression of (2) enables the rapid implementation of the decomposition of the polarized KHT.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a general flow chart of a method for rapidly implementing polarized KHT decomposition of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a specific flow chart of a method for rapidly implementing polarization KHT decomposition of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of total scattered power of polarized radar images to be resolved employed in one example;
FIG. 4 is Huynen parameter A extracted based on polarized radar images in the example 0 ；
FIG. 5 is Huynen parameter B extracted based on polarized radar images in the example 0 ；
FIG. 6 is Huynen parameter C extracted based on the polarized radar image in the example;
FIG. 7 is a Huynen parameter F extracted based on the polarized radar image in the example;
FIG. 8 is a Huynen parameter H extracted based on the polarized radar image in the example;
FIG. 9 is a graph of the maximum scattering amplitude m of a target obtained by decomposing a polarized radar image according to the method of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a target orientation angle ψ of an example polarized radar image decomposed by the method of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a graph of target pitch angle τ obtained by decomposing a polarized radar image according to the method of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a target polarization angle γ obtained by decomposing a polarized radar image by the method of the present invention in the example;
FIG. 13 is a target flip angle v obtained by decomposing a polarized radar image by the method of the present invention in the example;
FIG. 14 is a graph of symmetric scattering amplitude α obtained by decomposing a polarized radar image according to the method of the present invention s ；
FIG. 15 is a symmetrical scattering phase obtained by decomposing a polarized radar image by the method of the present invention in an example
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, embodiment 1 of the present invention proposes a method for rapidly implementing decomposition of polarized KHT, comprising the steps of:
step 1) reading in the polarization scattering matrix S to be decomposed]Data, calculate Huynen parameter A 0 、B 0 C, F and H;
step 2) based on Huynen parameter A 0 、B 0 Calculating Kenneugh-Huynen decomposition parameters such as maximum scattering amplitude m, orientation angle phi, helix angle tau, polarization angle gamma, jump angle gamma and the like of the target, C, F and H, and symmetric scattering amplitude alpha s Symmetric scattering phaseAnd Touzi decomposition parameters.
The steps in the method of the present invention are further described below with reference to fig. 2.
In step 1), the polarization scattering matrix [ S ] to be decomposed is read in]Data, calculate A 0 、B 0 Huynen parameters such as C, F and H. In one embodiment, the read-in polarized radar image scattering matrix to be resolved [ S ]]Total scattered power of data (i.e. |S HH | 2 +|S VV | 2 +2|S HV | 2 ) As shown in fig. 3, the image size is 2000×2000, which is acquired from the japan wave-building area by the japan airborne full-polarization interference radar system Pi-SAR. If the read target scatters 2×2 matrix [ S]Is that
Wherein S is HV Representing the scattering coefficient of the target received by the horizontally polarized (H) antenna after the electromagnetic wave emitted by the vertically polarized (V) antenna irradiates the target; s is S HH After the electromagnetic wave emitted by the representative horizontal polarized antenna irradiates the target, the horizontal poleTransforming the target scattering coefficient received by the antenna; s is S VV Representing the scattering coefficient of the target received by the vertical polarized antenna after the electromagnetic wave emitted by the vertical polarized antenna irradiates the target; s is S VH And the scattering coefficient of the target received by the vertical polarized antenna after the electromagnetic wave emitted by the horizontal polarized antenna irradiates the target.
Under the condition of single-station radar back scattering, the target scattering satisfies the mutual dissimilarity: s is S HV ＝S VH . Based on scattering matrix element S HH 、S HV And S is VV Calculate A using the following formula 0 、B 0 Huynen parameters, C, F and H, et al:
wherein Re {.cndot. } and Im {.cndot. } represent operations taking real and imaginary parts, respectively. FIGS. 4-8 show Huynen parameters A extracted based on polarized radar images in the examples 0 、B 0 C, F and H.
Based on Huynen parameter A extracted in step 1) 0 、B 0 C, F and H, in step 2), we further perform the following:
step 2-1) calculate Kenneugh-Huynen decomposition parameters m, ψ, τ, γ and ν:
fig. 9-13 show the decomposition parameters of Kennaugh-Huynen, such as the maximum scattering amplitude m, the orientation angle ψ, the helix angle τ, the polarization angle γ, the jump angle v, and the like of the target obtained by decomposing the polarized radar image by the method of the present invention in the embodiment.
Step 2-2) calculation of the symmetric Scattering amplitude α s Symmetric scattering phaseIsotopi decomposition parameters:
FIGS. 14 and 15 show the symmetric scattering amplitudes α obtained by decomposing the polarized radar image according to the method of the present invention s Symmetric scattering phaseAnd Touzi decomposition parameters.
Embodiment 2 of the present invention proposes a system for fast implementation of polarization KHT decomposition, comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on said memory and executable on said processor, said processor implementing the method of embodiment 1 when executing said computer program.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and are not limiting. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which is intended to be covered by the appended claims.
Claims (2)
1. A method for fast implementation of polarized KHT decomposition, the method comprising:
reading in data of a polarized radar image scattering matrix [ S ] to be decomposed, and calculating Huynen parameters;
the Kenneugh-Huynen decomposition parameters are calculated based on the Huynen parameters, and include: the maximum scattering amplitude m of the target, the orientation angle psi, the helix angle tau, the polarization angle gamma and the jump angle gamma;
the Touzi decomposition parameters are calculated based on the Huynen parameters, and include: symmetric scattering amplitude alpha s Symmetric scattering phase
Reading in the data of a polarized radar image scattering matrix [ S ] to be decomposed, and calculating Huynen parameters; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of reading a polarized radar image scattering matrix [ S ] to be decomposed into:
wherein S is HV Representing the scattering coefficient of the target received by the horizontal polarized antenna after the electromagnetic wave emitted by the vertical polarized antenna irradiates the target; s is S HH The scattering coefficient of the target received by the horizontal polarization antenna after the electromagnetic wave emitted by the horizontal polarization antenna irradiates the target; s is S VV Representing the scattering coefficient of the target received by the vertical polarized antenna after the electromagnetic wave emitted by the vertical polarized antenna irradiates the target; s is S VH The scattering coefficient of the target received by the vertical polarized antenna after the electromagnetic wave emitted by the horizontal polarized antenna irradiates the target; under the condition of single-station radar back scattering, the target scattering satisfies the mutual dissimilarity: s is S HV ＝S VH ；
Based on scattering matrix element S HH 、S HV And S is VV Five Huynen parameters A 0 、B 0 The formulas for C, F and H are as follows:
wherein, re {. Cndot. } and Im {. Cndot. } represent respectively taking the real part and the imaginary part for operation;
the Kenneugh-Huynen decomposition parameters are calculated based on Huynen parameters; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the Touzi decomposition parameters are calculated based on Huynen parameters; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
2. a fast implementation system of polarized KHT decomposition comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the processor implements the method of claim 1 when executing the computer program.
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