CN112597434A - Rapid implementation method and system for polarized KHT decomposition - Google Patents
Rapid implementation method and system for polarized KHT decomposition Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
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- G06F17/10—Complex mathematical operations
- G06F17/16—Matrix or vector computation, e.g. matrix-matrix or matrix-vector multiplication, matrix factorization
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/024—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using polarisation effects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/41—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for quickly realizing polarization KHT decomposition, wherein the method comprises the following steps: reading in a polarization scattering matrix S to be decomposed]Calculating Huynen parameters according to data; calculating Kennaugh-Huynen decomposition parameters based on the Huynen parameters, the Kennaugh-Huynen decomposition parameters comprising: the method comprises the following steps of (1) obtaining a target maximum scattering amplitude m, an orientation angle psi, a helical angle tau, a polarization angle gamma and a jump angle upsilon; calculating Touzi decomposition parameters based on the Huynen parameters, wherein the Touzi decomposition parameters comprise: symmetric scattering amplitude alphasAnd symmetric scattering phaseThe method of the invention allows the rapid implementation of the decomposition of polarized KHT.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of polarized radar image information processing, in particular to the field of polarized coherent radar target decomposition, and particularly relates to a method and a system for quickly realizing polarized KHT decomposition.
Background
The polarized radar detects diverse polarized scattering information of a target through diverse polarization states formed by transmitting and receiving antennas and stores the information in a 2 x 2 target scattering matrix S. Polarization coherent decomposition is aimed at extracting geometric physical scattering information of an object from a matrix [ S ] for enhancing detection and identification interpretation. In 1951, professor Kennaugh, ohio state university, usa, found that extraction of a characteristic polarization state of interest could be achieved by diagonalization of the scattering matrix [ S ]. In 1970, Dr Huynen, Darworv, the Netherlands, was further perfected theoretically by Huynen, Inc., which is known in the academia as Kennaugh-Huynen decomposition. Based on the decomposition, Huynen develops a famous radar target phenomenological theory and lays a foundation for radar polarization detection.
The Kennaugh-Huynen decomposition is a special form of the Autonne-Takagi decomposition, which is described as follows:
unitary matrix U2(υ,τ,ψ)]Further composed of three matrices belonging to a second-order special unitary group SU (2):
[U2(υ,τ,ψ)]=[U2(υ)][U2(τ)][U2(ψ)]
here, the
Wherein [ U ]2(ψ)]For SU (2) polarization rotation matrix, #∈[-90°,90°]Is the target direction angle; [ U ]2(τ)]Is a SU (2) polarization ellipse matrix, and tau epsilon [ -45 DEG, 45 DEG]A target elliptical fillet is taken; [ U ]2(υ)]Is the SU (2) polarization phase matrix, upsilon ∈ [ -45 DEG, 45 DEG]Is the target jump angle.
[SD(m,γ)]For the real diagonal matrix:
wherein m is the maximum scattering amplitude of the target; gamma epsilon [0 degrees, 45 degrees ] is the target polarization angle.
Of the five Kennaugh-Huynen decomposition parameters, the physical significance of m, ψ, and τ is relatively clear: 4 pi m2The maximum scattering sectional area of the target is obtained; the direction angle psi is closely related to the geometric topology of the target and has been successfully used for terrain inversion; the elliptical corners τ depict the symmetry and regularity of the target. In contrast, there is some ambiguity in the target jump angle v and the polarization angle γ. For this purpose, on the basis of the Kennaugh-Huynen decomposition, professor Touzi of the remote sensing center Canada proposed in 2007 a symmetric scattering amplitude αsAnd symmetric scattering phaseTwo parameters, as a substitute for the target jump angle v and the polarization angle γ:
this decomposition is called Touzi decomposition, which is also called Kennaugh-Huynen-Touzi decomposition (hereinafter abbreviated as KHT decomposition) in combination with Kennaugh-Huynen decomposition. The study shows that the parameter alphasThe method can be used for effectively describing a target scattering mechanism, and has good consistency with the famous Cloude-Pottier alpha angle parameter on the scattering of a symmetric target; and symmetric scattering phaseHas excellent table in wetland classificationNow. These have led to KHT decomposition which has gained widespread interest and use in recent years.
Nevertheless, from a matrix transformation point of view, the KHT decomposition is not a unitary transformation in the traditional sense, but a co-similarity transformation, which makes it difficult to solve directly. Thus, a currently common method is to construct a Graves matrix [ G ]
Wherein
[GD(m,γ)]=[SD(m,γ)]*[SD(m,γ)]
Thereby will be to the scattering matrix S]The co-similarity transformation of (G) is converted into a pair of Graves matrices [ G ]]Second order unitary transformation of: at this time [ U ]2(υ,τ,ψ)]And [ G ]D(m,γ)]Are respectively a matrix [ G]The eigenvector matrix and eigenvalue matrix of (2) may be implemented by eigen decomposition. Then by decomposing [ U ]2(υ,τ,ψ)]Extracting the parameters psi, tau and upsilon according to the parameters; by decomposition of [ GD(m,γ)]The extraction of the parameters m and gamma is realized; passing parameter alpha againsAndthe nonlinear conversion relation between the parameters upsilon and gamma is realized to the parameter alphasAndand (4) final extraction.
As can be seen from the above description, although the matrix G]Is constructed to have KHT parameters phi, tau, upsilon, m, gamma and alphasAndthe solution of (2) is possible, but the serial parameter extraction process is still very complicated and cannot be realized in parallel. This will bring great computational pressure on the high resolution big data polarized images faced by current and future polarized radar remote sensing.
To solve this problem, the co-similarity transform to the target scattering matrix [ S ] can be further equivalently transformed into a third order unitary transform to a 3 × 3 target coherence matrix [ T ] using the transform relationship of the polarized SU (2) constellation to SU (3) constellation:
wherein
In the formula, k is Pauli vector; a. the0、B0B, C, D, E, F, G and H are called Huynen parameters, which are related to the scattering matrix element SHH、SHVAnd SVVThe relationship between (A) and (B) is as follows:
unitary matrix U3(ψ,τ,υ)]Further composed of three matrices belonging to the third order special unitary group SU (3):
[U3(ψ,τ,υ)]=[U3(ψ)][U3(τ)][U3(υ)]
here, the
Wherein [ U ]3(ψ)]、[U3(τ)]And [ U ]3(υ)]Are respectively and [ U2(ψ)]、[U2(τ)]And [ U ]2(υ)]The corresponding SU (3) polarization rotation matrix, SU (3) polarization ellipse matrix, and SU (3) polarization phase matrix.
Matrix [ T ]D(m,γ)]Comprises the following steps:
using the above transformation relationships, a number of rigorous derivations can be derived:
further using the parameter alphasAndthe nonlinear conversion relationship between the parameters upsilon and gamma can be obtained as follows:
the above two formulas show all KHT parameters psi, tau, upsilon, m, gamma and alpha for the first timesAndthe analytical solution of (2). Therefore, by scattering the matrix [ S ] to the target]Is converted into a pair-target coherence matrix [ T ]]The third-order unitary transformation is based on the target Huynen parameter, and all KHT parameters can be directly and parallelly solved by utilizing the above two formulas. The calculation process does not need any matrix transformation and decomposition operation, and the method has important application value for target identification and interpretation based on the high-resolution big data polarized image.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide all KHT parameters psi, tau, upsilon, m, gamma and alpha for the first time by utilizing the equivalence relation between 2 multiplied by 2 target scattering matrix common similarity transformation and 3 multiplied by 3 target coherent matrix unitary transformationsAndthe analytical expression of (2) provides a rapid implementation method of polarization KHT decomposition.
reading in data of a polarization scattering matrix [ S ] to be decomposed, and calculating Huynen parameters;
calculating Kennaugh-Huynen decomposition parameters based on the Huynen parameters, the Kennaugh-Huynen decomposition parameters comprising: the method comprises the following steps of (1) obtaining a target maximum scattering amplitude m, an orientation angle psi, a helical angle tau, a polarization angle gamma and a jump angle upsilon;
calculating Touzi decomposition parameters based on the Huynen parameters, wherein the Touzi decomposition parameters comprise: symmetric scattering amplitude alphasAnd symmetric scattering phase
As an improvement of the method, reading data of a polarization scattering matrix [ S ] to be decomposed, and calculating a Huynen parameter; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
reading in a polarization scattering matrix [ S ] to be decomposed into:
wherein S isHVRepresenting a target scattering coefficient received by the horizontal polarization antenna after the vertical polarization antenna transmits electromagnetic waves to irradiate the target; sHHRepresenting a scattering coefficient of a target received by the horizontal polarization antenna after the horizontal polarization antenna transmits electromagnetic waves to irradiate the target; sVVRepresenting a scattering coefficient of a target received by the vertical polarization antenna after the vertical polarization antenna transmits electromagnetic waves to irradiate the target; sVHRepresenting a target scattering coefficient received by the vertical polarization antenna after the horizontal polarization antenna transmits electromagnetic waves to irradiate the target; under the condition of single-station radar backscattering, the target scattering satisfies the dissimilarity: sHV=SVH;
Based on scattering matrix elements SHH、SHVAnd SVVFive Huynen parameters A0、B0The calculation formulas for C, F and H are as follows:
wherein Re {. and Im {. can represent the real and imaginary operations, respectively.
As an improvement of the above method, the calculation of the Kennaugh-Huynen decomposition parameter based on the Huynen parameter; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
as an improvement of the above method, the calculation of the Touzi decomposition parameter based on the Huynen parameter; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
The invention has the advantages that:
the method and system of the present invention utilizes a 2 x 2 target scattering matrix co-similarity transformation andthe equivalence relation between 3 x 3 target coherent matrix unitary transformations gives all KHT parameters psi, tau, upsilon, m, gamma and alpha for the first timesAndthe analytical expression of (2) enables fast implementation of polarization KHT decomposition.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a general flow chart of the method for the rapid implementation of polarized KHT decomposition according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart showing the method for rapidly realizing polarized KHT decomposition according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of total scattered power of a polarized radar image to be decomposed as used in one example;
FIG. 4 is a Huynen parameter A extracted based on a polarization radar image in an example0;
FIG. 5 is a Huynen parameter B extracted based on a polarization radar image in an example0;
FIG. 6 is a Huynen parameter C extracted based on the polarization radar image in the example;
FIG. 7 is a Huynen parameter F extracted based on the polarization radar image in the example;
FIG. 8 is a Huynen parameter H extracted based on the polarization radar image in the example;
FIG. 9 is a graph of the maximum scattering amplitude m of the target obtained by decomposing the image of the polarimetric radar in the example by the method of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a target orientation angle ψ of a polarized radar image after decomposition by the method of the present invention in an example;
FIG. 11 is a graph of a target pitch angle τ of an exemplary polarized radar image after decomposition by a method of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a target polarization angle γ of a polarized radar image obtained by decomposing the image by the method of the present invention in an example;
FIG. 13 is a target jump angle upsilon of a polarized radar image of an example after decomposition by the method of the present invention;
FIG. 14 shows the symmetric scattering amplitude α of the polarimetric radar image obtained by the decomposition method of the present invention in the examples;
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, embodiment 1 of the present invention proposes a method for rapidly implementing polarized KHT decomposition, including the following steps:
step 1) reading in a polarization scattering matrix [ S ] to be decomposed]Data, calculation of Huynen parameter A0、B0C, F and H;
step 2) based on the Huynen parameter A0、B0C, F and H calculate Kennaugh-Huynen decomposition parameters such as maximum scattering amplitude m, orientation angle psi, helical angle tau, polarization angle gamma and jump angle upsilon of target and symmetric scattering amplitude alphasAnd symmetric scattering phaseAnd the Touzi decomposition parameters are equal.
The steps in the method of the present invention are further described below with reference to fig. 2.
In step 1), a polarization scattering matrix [ S ] to be decomposed is read in]Data, calculation A0、B0The Huynen parameters of C, F and H. In one embodiment, the read-in polarized radar image scattering matrix S to be decomposed]Total scattered power (i.e. | S) of the dataHH|2+|SVV|2+2|SHV|2) As shown in fig. 3, the image size is 2000 × 2000, and is acquired by the japanese airborne total polarization interferometric radar system Pi-SAR in the japanese wave building region. If the read-in target scatters 2X 2 matrix S]Is composed of
Wherein S isHVRepresenting the emission of electromagnetic radiation by a vertically polarised (V) antennaAfter the target is irradiated, horizontally polarizing (H) the scattering coefficient of the target received by the antenna; sHHRepresenting a scattering coefficient of a target received by the horizontal polarization antenna after the horizontal polarization antenna transmits electromagnetic waves to irradiate the target; sVVRepresenting a scattering coefficient of a target received by the vertical polarization antenna after the vertical polarization antenna transmits electromagnetic waves to irradiate the target; sVHRepresenting the scattering coefficient of the target received by the vertical polarization antenna after the horizontal polarization antenna transmits the electromagnetic wave to irradiate the target.
Under the condition of single-station radar backscattering, the target scattering satisfies the dissimilarity: sHV=SVH. Based on scattering matrix elements SHH、SHVAnd SVVCalculating A by the following equation0、B0Huynen parameters, C, F and H:
wherein Re {. and Im {. can represent the real and imaginary operations, respectively. FIGS. 4-8 show the Huynen parameter A extracted from the polarization radar image according to the embodiment0、B0C, F and H.
Based on the Huynen parameter A extracted in the step 1)0、B0C, F and H, in step 2) we further perform the following:
step 2-1) calculating Kennaugh-Huynen decomposition parameters m, ψ, τ, γ, and ν:
fig. 9-13 show the Kennaugh-Huynen decomposition parameters such as the maximum scattering amplitude m, the orientation angle psi, the helix angle tau, the polarization angle gamma, and the jump angle upsilon of the target obtained by decomposing the polarized radar image by the method of the invention in the embodiment.
Step 2-2) calculating the symmetric scattering amplitude alphasAnd symmetric scattering phaseAnd (3) waiting for Touzi decomposition parameters:
FIGS. 14 and 15 are graphs showing the symmetric scattering amplitude α obtained by decomposing the polarization radar image according to the method of the present invention in the examplesAnd symmetric scattering phaseAnd the Touzi decomposition parameters are equal.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limited. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A method for the rapid implementation of polarized KHT decomposition, said method comprising:
reading in data of a polarization scattering matrix [ S ] to be decomposed, and calculating Huynen parameters;
calculating Kennaugh-Huynen decomposition parameters based on the Huynen parameters, the Kennaugh-Huynen decomposition parameters comprising: the method comprises the following steps of (1) obtaining a target maximum scattering amplitude m, an orientation angle psi, a helical angle tau, a polarization angle gamma and a jump angle upsilon;
2. The method for rapidly realizing polarization KHT decomposition according to claim 1, characterized in that said method reads in the data of the polarization scattering matrix [ S ] to be decomposed, calculates the Huynen parameter; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
reading in a polarization scattering matrix [ S ] to be decomposed into:
wherein S isHVRepresenting a target scattering coefficient received by the horizontal polarization antenna after the vertical polarization antenna transmits electromagnetic waves to irradiate the target; sHHRepresenting a scattering coefficient of a target received by the horizontal polarization antenna after the horizontal polarization antenna transmits electromagnetic waves to irradiate the target; sVVRepresenting a scattering coefficient of a target received by the vertical polarization antenna after the vertical polarization antenna transmits electromagnetic waves to irradiate the target; sVHRepresenting a target scattering coefficient received by the vertical polarization antenna after the horizontal polarization antenna transmits electromagnetic waves to irradiate the target; under the condition of single-station radar backscattering, the target scattering satisfies the dissimilarity: sHV=SVH;
Based on scattering matrix elements SHH、SHVAnd SVVFive Huynen parameters A0、B0The calculation formulas for C, F and H are as follows:
wherein Re {. and Im {. can represent the real and imaginary operations, respectively.
5. a fast implementation system of polarization KHT decomposition, comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on said memory and executable on said processor, characterized in that said processor implements the method according to any of claims 1-4 when executing said computer program.
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