CN112596441A - Railway turnout transverse bolt anti-loosening monitoring system and monitoring method - Google Patents
Railway turnout transverse bolt anti-loosening monitoring system and monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
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- QVFWZNCVPCJQOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloralodol Chemical compound CC(O)(C)CC(C)OC(O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl QVFWZNCVPCJQOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000006855 networking Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001669679 Eleotris Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/04—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
- G05B19/042—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers using digital processors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
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Abstract
The invention discloses a railway turnout transverse bolt anti-loosening monitoring system and a monitoring method. The system comprises a plurality of bolt intelligent Internet of things nodes, wherein each bolt intelligent Internet of things node comprises a sensor module for measuring bolt pretightening force, an acquisition circuit connected with the sensor module, an MCU module connected with the acquisition circuit, and a power supply module for providing a working power supply for the node; the LORA transmitting module is used for transmitting the data in the MCU module; the LORA gateway is used for providing transmission channels of a plurality of LORA transmitting modules; the cloud platform is used for receiving monitoring data of the intelligent bolt Internet of things nodes transmitted by the LORA gateway and processing the monitoring data; and the user terminal is used for observing the processing data of the cloud platform in real time and monitoring each bolt intelligent Internet of things node. The gasket type elastic element has the advantages of high internal resistance, low thickness and high sensitivity, and the LORA wireless networking technology is adopted to realize remote anti-interference, low-cost and low-power consumption monitoring.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of bolt looseness prevention monitoring, in particular to a railway turnout transverse bolt looseness prevention monitoring system and a monitoring method.
Background
The turnout is a line device for a vehicle to turn from one track to another track or cross the other track, is an important component of a railway track, directly influences the running speed and the safety, and is a weak link on the line. Therefore, the railway vehicle occupies a very important special position on a high-speed railway. The turnout consists of components such as a point switch, a frog, a guide curve, a switch tie and the like, is integrated by the track technology, and has a large number of transverse bolt fastening connectors in the structure.
The transverse fastening bolts in the turnout structure are respectively used for the spacing iron, the anti-jump top iron, the limiting device, the turnout center single-double side fastener and the like, and are particularly used for the limiting device, the spacing iron, the turnout center single-double side fastener in the force transmission structure of the switch rail heel end, the long wing rail tail end (under the action of temperature transmission) spacer iron and the like. The main transverse connecting bolt is M27 x 3 in most specifications, the strength grade of the bolt is 10.9, and the strength of the nut is 10H.
The length of the turnout is related to the line ratio and the traffic density, in 1997, 14 ten thousand groups of turnouts are shared in China, and the number of the turnouts is huge and is 1.1 group/kilometer on average. Taking a long-sand high-speed rail south station as an example of an existing turnout 24 strand 108 group, the shortest length is 69M, the longest length is 189.3M, and the number of transverse bolts at each position reaches 1.5 ten thousand. There are 35 large high-speed rail stations in the country, so the total amount can reach millions. The inspection cycle is two times per week according to the inspection regulation of the high-speed rail turnout, and at present, the looseness is determined by manually checking the position of a line drawn by a nut at a windowless point. According to the current scoring standard in China: the total score of the comprehensive maintenance of the turnout is 100 points, the bolt loosening is 16 points, and the importance of the bolt loosening is highlighted.
The prior art can have two methods of direct on-line measurement: firstly, a special measuring bolt with an inner hole and a resistance chip stuck inside is adopted to measure torque or force, but the special measuring bolt can only be used for special research and cannot be widely popularized; secondly, force-measuring washers or force-measuring rings can be added between bolts and nuts, various products such as LW, LWO, DJWX-34, YGXD133, FB10, WTP2 and the like exist at home and abroad, however, the products are manufactured by adopting the traditional resistance strain gauge principle, the internal resistance and the size are both limited by the size of the strain gauge (the appearance of 350 omega batch of sheets is 4 to 4.5mm at minimum), and the products with high internal resistance and thinness cannot be realized; when power is supplied by 3.6V with internal resistance of 350 ohms, the power consumption is 10mA, only external wired power supply can be realized, and the unit price is too high to be adopted in large quantity; meanwhile, wireless networking monitoring cannot be realized in the prior art. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a reliable and low-cost monitoring system and method for preventing loosening of the cross bolt of the railroad switch.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a railway turnout transverse bolt anti-loosening monitoring system and a monitoring method, which are used for overcoming the defects in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a railway switch transverse bolt looseness-prevention monitoring system comprises:
the bolt intelligent Internet of things node comprises a plurality of bolt intelligent Internet of things nodes, a plurality of control modules and a power supply module, wherein each bolt intelligent Internet of things node comprises a sensor module for measuring bolt pretightening force, an acquisition circuit connected with the sensor module, an MCU module connected with the acquisition circuit and the power supply module for providing a working power supply for the node;
the LORA transmitting module is used for transmitting the data in the MCU module;
the LORA gateway is used for providing transmission channels of a plurality of LORA transmitting modules;
the cloud platform is used for receiving monitoring data of the intelligent bolt Internet of things nodes transmitted by the LORA gateway and processing the monitoring data;
the user terminal is used for observing the processing data of the cloud platform in real time and monitoring each bolt intelligent Internet of things node;
every bolt intelligence thing networking node all is connected with LORA emission module, a plurality of LORA emission modules all with be connected with the cloud platform through the LORA gateway, the cloud platform is connected with user terminal.
Further, the sensor comprises a gasket type elastic element provided with a central hole, and a first unit format element and a second unit format element which are symmetrically adhered to two sides of the gasket type elastic element, the first unit format element comprises a first ceramic substrate, a first sensitive resistor R1, a second sensitive resistor R2, a third sensitive resistor R3 and a fourth sensitive resistor R4 which are arranged on the first ceramic substrate, the third sensitive resistor R3, the first sensitive resistor R1, the second sensitive resistor R2 and the fourth sensitive resistor R4 are sequentially connected in series, the second cell format element comprises a second ceramic substrate, a fifth sensitive resistor R5, a sixth sensitive resistor R6, a seventh sensitive resistor R7 and an eighth sensitive resistor R8 which are arranged on the second ceramic substrate, wherein the sixth sensitive resistor R6, the eighth sensitive resistor R8, the seventh sensitive resistor R7 and the fifth resistor R5 are sequentially connected in series.
Furthermore, the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 are connected to the first terminal of the acquisition circuit through a connection line, the third resistor R3 and the sixth resistor R6 are connected to the second terminal of the acquisition circuit through a connection line, the fourth resistor R4 and the fifth resistor R5 are connected to the third terminal of the acquisition circuit through a connection line, and the seventh resistor R7 and the eighth resistor R8 are connected to the fourth terminal through a connection line.
Furthermore, the third sensitive resistor R3, the first sensitive resistor R1, the second sensitive resistor R2 and the fourth sensitive resistor R4 are adhered to one side of the gasket type elastic element in a cross shape or a square shape; and the sixth sensitive resistor R6, the eighth sensitive resistor R8, the seventh sensitive resistor R7 and the fifth resistor R5 are adhered to the other side of the gasket type elastic element in a cross shape or a square shape.
Further, the gasket type elastic element is I-shaped, and the height of the gasket type elastic element is 2-3 times of the diameter of the middle part of the gasket type elastic element.
Furthermore, the acquisition circuit and the MCU module are integrated on a circuit board, and the circuit board is attached to the side of the nut.
Further, the power module is integrated on a circuit board.
Further, the power supply module is independently placed on the rail bottom or sleeper.
The invention also provides a monitoring method of the railway turnout transverse bolt anti-loosening monitoring system, which comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring the bolt pretightening force monitored by the sensor module in real time by an acquisition circuit;
s2, the acquisition circuit sends the acquired numerical value to the MCU module for AD conversion processing;
s3, the LORA transmitting module transmits the converted data to the cloud platform through the LORA gateway;
s4, the cloud platform receives monitoring data of the intelligent bolt Internet of things nodes transmitted by the LORA gateway and processes the monitoring data;
s5, the user terminal observes the processing data of the cloud platform in real time and monitors each bolt intelligent Internet of things node.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the gasket type elastic element has the advantages of high internal resistance, low thickness and high sensitivity, the LORA wireless networking technology is adopted, the remote anti-interference, low-cost and low-power consumption monitoring is realized, each node is powered by an independent power module, and the power consumption is low.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the technical solutions in the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the railway switch transverse bolt looseness-prevention monitoring system.
Fig. 2 is a structural view of a washer-type elastic member according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a graph of stress analysis at a in fig. 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of B-B of fig. 2 in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 5 is another cross-sectional view B-B of fig. 2 in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a structural view of a ceramic substrate according to the present invention.
FIG. 7 is another structural view of a ceramic substrate in the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a bridge of the sense resistor of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a circuit diagram of an acquisition circuit in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more readily understood by those skilled in the art, and the scope of the present invention will be more clearly and clearly defined.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, the embodiment discloses a railway switch transverse bolt anti-loosening monitoring system, which includes: the bolt intelligent Internet of things node comprises a plurality of bolt intelligent Internet of things nodes 0, wherein each bolt intelligent Internet of things node 0 comprises a sensor module 1 for measuring bolt pretightening force, an acquisition circuit 2 connected with the sensor module 1, an MCU module 3 connected with the acquisition circuit 2, and a power supply module 5 for providing working power supply for the node; the LORA transmitting module 4 is used for transmitting the data in the MCU module 3; a LORA gateway 6 for providing transmission channels of the plurality of LORA transmitting modules 4; the cloud platform 7 is used for receiving monitoring data of the bolt intelligent Internet of things nodes transmitted by the LORA gateway 6 and processing the monitoring data; the user terminal 8 is used for observing the processing data of the cloud platform 7 in real time and monitoring each bolt intelligent internet of things node 0; every bolt intelligence thing networking node 0 all is connected with LORA emission module 4, a plurality of LORA emission module 4 all with be connected with cloud platform 7 through LORA gateway 6, cloud platform 7 is connected with user terminal 8.
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 2 to fig. 5, the sensor module includes a gasket-type elastic element 10 having a central hole, and a first cell format element 20 and a second cell format element 30 symmetrically adhered to two sides of the gasket-type elastic element 10, where the first cell format element 20 includes a first ceramic substrate 210, a first sensitive resistor R1, a second sensitive resistor R2, a third sensitive resistor R3, a fourth sensitive resistor R4, a third sensitive resistor R3, a first sensitive resistor R1, a second sensitive resistor R2, and a fourth sensitive resistor R4 sequentially connected in series on the first ceramic substrate 210, the second cell format element 30 includes a second ceramic substrate 310, a fifth sensitive resistor R5, a sixth sensitive resistor R6, a seventh sensitive resistor R7, an eighth sensitive resistor R8, a sixth sensitive resistor R6, and an eighth sensitive resistor R8 on the second ceramic substrate 310, The seventh sensing resistor R7 and the fifth resistor R5 are connected in series in sequence.
The first ceramic substrate 210 and the second ceramic substrate 310 adopt bonded high internal resistance Al2O3 ceramic substrates, and the sensitive resistors adopt RuO nail-based paste thick-film strain sensitive elements.
As shown in fig. 2, a schematic structural diagram of a gasket-type elastic element 10 with a central hole is shown, the gasket-type elastic element 10 is i-shaped, the stress distribution is affected by the rapid change of the shape of the component without considering the influence of the upper and lower contact surfaces when bearing force is applied, the stress concentration is about to be introduced into the area a in fig. 3, when D1/D is 2, the edge stress can reach 1.8-2 times of the average stress, the distribution length of the area cannot be solved by analytical solution, and experimental stress analysis or finite element analysis can be adopted, therefore, in order to ensure the measurement accuracy, the vehicle measurement element is in a uniform stress field, H is required to be approximately equal to 2-3D (the height of the gasket-type elastic element 10 is 2-3 times of the diameter of the middle part), except that four sensitive resistors (thick film resistors) are all integrated on a single chip to simplify the process and reduce the cost, as shown in fig. 6 and 7.
The washer-type elastic member 10 is shown in a cross-sectional view in a direction B-B in fig. 2, and the outer cross-section thereof may be a circular structure (as shown in fig. 4) or a square structure (as shown in fig. 5), and the compression resistance and the torsion resistance are changed by changing the outer cross-sectional shape, which will be described below by taking the torsion resistance as an example.
When the outer section can be a circular structure, the outer edge shear stress CTmax and the torsion angle
Respectively as follows:
CTmax＝TD/Wn；
in the formula: t is the torque D, L for diameter and length, G is the shear modulus, and Wn is the torsional section modulus. When the cross section is square, Wn changes, and the maximum shear stress and torsion angle also change.
When the outer section can be a square structure, the outer edge shear stress CTmax and the torsion angle
Respectively as follows:
Tmax＝TL/0.208a3；
in the formula: a is the length of the square edge.
In the actual operation of the washer-type elastic element 10 in this embodiment, the composite action of various stresses such as pressing, twisting, and bending may be applied at the same time, so that it is necessary to perform optimization simulation on each size model of the elastic element to ensure the best working performance and ensure the fatigue life, so as to select the most suitable shape.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 8, the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 are connected to a first terminal of the acquisition circuit through a connection line, the third resistor R3 and the sixth resistor R6 are connected to a second terminal of the acquisition circuit through a connection line, the fourth resistor R4 and the fifth resistor R5 are connected to a third terminal of the acquisition circuit through a connection line, the seventh resistor R7 and the eighth resistor R8 are connected to a fourth terminal of the acquisition circuit through a connection line, the acquisition circuit is shown in fig. 9, where the terminals are shown as J9 in the figure,
the third sensitive resistor R3, the first sensitive resistor R1, the second sensitive resistor R2 and the fourth sensitive resistor R4 are adhered to one side of the gasket type elastic element 10 in a cross shape or a square shape; the sixth sensitive resistor R6, the eighth sensitive resistor R8, the seventh sensitive resistor R7 and the fifth sensitive resistor R5 are adhered to the other side of the gasket-type elastic element 10 in a cross shape or a square shape, and the appropriate shape can be selected according to the requirement.
Preferably, the acquisition circuit 2 and the MCU module 3 are integrated on a circuit board, and the circuit board is attached to the side of the nut.
The power module 5 can be integrated on a circuit board, the power module 5 can also be independently placed at the bottom of a railway rail or a rail pillow and then lead to the circuit board, and the sensor module 1 can be installed optionally, for example, the installation mode of fastening a nut and then sleeving and fastening the nut or detaching the nut is adopted.
The invention also provides a monitoring method of the railway turnout transverse bolt anti-loosening monitoring system, which comprises the following steps:
s1, the acquisition circuit 2 acquires the bolt pretightening force monitored by the sensor module 1 in real time, the acquisition circuit 2 acquires bridge voltage, the sensitive pressure signal is converted into an electric signal, and after analog-to-digital conversion is carried out on the electric signal, the relation between the corresponding pretightening force and the change value of the electric signal is obtained.
S2, the acquisition circuit 2 sends the acquired numerical values to the MCU module 3 for AD conversion processing;
s3, the LORA transmitting module 4 transmits the converted data to the cloud platform 7 through the LORA gateway 6;
s4, the cloud platform 7 receives the monitoring data of the plurality of bolt intelligent Internet of things nodes transmitted by the LORA gateway 6 and processes the monitoring data, for example, after the cloud platform 7 receives the data, when the bolt pretightening force is lower than the set screwing pretightening force, an alarm can be realized, and related personnel are informed to go to the site for processing.
S5, the user terminal 8 observes the processing data of the cloud platform 7 in real time and monitors each bolt intelligent Internet of things node 0.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, various changes or modifications may be made by the patentees within the scope of the appended claims, and within the scope of the invention, as long as they do not exceed the scope of the invention described in the claims.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a locking monitoring system of horizontal bolt of railway switch which characterized in that includes:
the bolt intelligent Internet of things node comprises a plurality of bolt intelligent Internet of things nodes, a plurality of control modules and a power supply module, wherein each bolt intelligent Internet of things node comprises a sensor module for measuring bolt pretightening force, an acquisition circuit connected with the sensor module, an MCU module connected with the acquisition circuit and the power supply module for providing a working power supply for the node;
the LORA transmitting module is used for transmitting the data in the MCU module;
the LORA gateway is used for providing transmission channels of a plurality of LORA transmitting modules;
the cloud platform is used for receiving monitoring data of the intelligent bolt Internet of things nodes transmitted by the LORA gateway and processing the monitoring data;
the user terminal is used for observing the processing data of the cloud platform in real time and monitoring each bolt intelligent Internet of things node;
every bolt intelligence thing networking node all is connected with LORA emission module, a plurality of LORA emission modules all with be connected with the cloud platform through the LORA gateway, the cloud platform is connected with user terminal.
2. The railway switch transverse bolt looseness prevention monitoring system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the sensor comprises a gasket type elastic element provided with a central hole, a first unit format element and a second unit format element which are symmetrically adhered to two sides of the gasket type elastic element, the first unit format element comprises a first ceramic substrate, a first sensitive resistor R1, a second sensitive resistor R2, a third sensitive resistor R3 and a fourth sensitive resistor R4 which are arranged on the first ceramic substrate, the third sensitive resistor R3, the first sensitive resistor R1, the second sensitive resistor R2 and the fourth sensitive resistor R4 are sequentially connected in series, the second unit format element comprises a second ceramic substrate, and a fifth sensitive resistor R5, a sixth sensitive resistor R6, a seventh sensitive resistor R7 and an eighth sensitive resistor R8 which are arranged on the second ceramic substrate, the sixth sensitive resistor R6, the eighth sensitive resistor R8, the seventh sensitive resistor R7 and the fifth resistor R5 are sequentially connected in series.
3. The railway switch transverse bolt looseness prevention monitoring system as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 are connected with a first terminal of the acquisition circuit through a connecting line, the third resistor R3 and the sixth resistor R6 are connected with a second terminal of the acquisition circuit through a connecting line, the fourth resistor R4 and the fifth resistor R5 are connected with a third terminal of the acquisition circuit through a connecting line, and the seventh resistor R7 and the eighth resistor R8 are connected with a fourth terminal through a connecting line.
4. The railway switch transverse bolt looseness prevention monitoring system as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the third sensitive resistor R3, the first sensitive resistor R1, the second sensitive resistor R2 and the fourth sensitive resistor R4 are adhered to one side of the gasket-type elastic element 10 in a cross shape or a square shape; and the sixth sensitive resistor R6, the eighth sensitive resistor R8, the seventh sensitive resistor R7 and the fifth resistor R5 are stuck on the other side of the gasket type elastic element in a cross shape or a square shape.
5. The railway switch transverse bolt looseness prevention monitoring system as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the gasket type elastic element is I-shaped, and the height of the gasket type elastic element is 2-3 times of the diameter of the middle part of the gasket type elastic element.
6. The railway switch transverse bolt looseness prevention monitoring system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the acquisition circuit and the MCU module are integrated on the circuit board, and the circuit board is attached to the side of the nut.
7. The railway switch transverse bolt looseness prevention monitoring system of claim 6, wherein: the power module is integrated on the circuit board.
8. The railway switch transverse bolt looseness prevention monitoring system of claim 6, wherein: the power supply module is independently placed at the bottom of a railway rail or a sleeper.
9. The monitoring method of the railway turnout transverse bolt anti-loosening monitoring system according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein the monitoring method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring the bolt pretightening force monitored by the sensor module in real time by an acquisition circuit;
s2, the acquisition circuit sends the acquired numerical value to the MCU module for AD conversion processing;
s3, the LORA transmitting module transmits the converted data to the cloud platform through the LORA gateway;
s4, the cloud platform receives monitoring data of the intelligent bolt Internet of things nodes transmitted by the LORA gateway and processes the monitoring data;
s5, the user terminal observes the processing data of the cloud platform in real time and monitors each bolt intelligent Internet of things node.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011497641.4A CN112596441A (en) | 2020-12-17 | 2020-12-17 | Railway turnout transverse bolt anti-loosening monitoring system and monitoring method |
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| CN202011497641.4A CN112596441A (en) | 2020-12-17 | 2020-12-17 | Railway turnout transverse bolt anti-loosening monitoring system and monitoring method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116412948A (en) * | 2023-02-06 | 2023-07-11 | 广州市市政工程试验检测有限公司 | Ultrathin force transducer, preparation method, monitoring system, monitoring method and application |
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