CN112595834B - Soil heavy metal tracing and pollution path determining method - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
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- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000513 principal component analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000003900 soil pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The application relates to a farmland soil heavy metal traceability and pollution path determination method which comprises the steps of determining a research area, obtaining data, calculating a pollution difference degree, determining a pollution path and determining a pollution source contribution rate, determining a pollution difference degree mutation plot position according to the pollution difference degree, and performing radioactive plot layout on the mutation plot, so that the position and the pollution path of a potential pollution source are further determined, the workload of the traceability of the pollution source is greatly reduced, and the farmland soil heavy metal traceability efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural environment, and particularly relates to a farmland soil heavy metal tracing method and a pollution path determining method.
Background
The farmland soil is seriously polluted by heavy metals and has complex sources, and the quality safety and the human health of agricultural products are directly influenced. At present, the research work on farmland polluted soil is mostly limited in the aspects of heavy metal distribution, occurrence form hazard and the like, the pollution source tracing research is less, and isotope tracing, space analysis and multivariate statistics are mostly adopted for combined analysis. Furthermore, there is a lack of relevant research regarding the validation of contamination pathways and the determination of potential sources of contamination.
The main problems of the above technical methods are: (1) The existing pollution source tracing method is complex, long in time consumption and high in cost in the implementation process; (2) The existing method is difficult to directly determine a potential pollution source according to the existing soil detection data; (3) The farmland soil pollution prevention and control measures are lack of pertinence, and resources such as human funds and the like are excessively input. Therefore, a method capable of tracing the source of the heavy metal pollution of the soil and determining the pollution path is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the method, the soil data of farmland in a research area and farmland in a known pollution source area are utilized to determine whether a known pollution source is an actual pollution source or not, and if the known pollution source is the actual pollution source, a pollution path is determined; furthermore, by contamination approach, the potential contamination source location is specified. Meanwhile, main pollution sources are determined by calculating the contribution rates of all the pollution sources, decision support is provided for the regional soil pollution prevention work, and specific scheme measures are made.
The invention aims to provide a farmland soil heavy metal traceability and pollution approach determination method.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention discloses a farmland soil heavy metal tracing and pollution path determining method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Determining a research area and acquiring data;
(1.1) selecting a research area and defining background information,
(1.2) determining the area of the polluted area,
the concrete formula is as follows:
S＝max(S research farmland ，S Contaminated area )
Wherein S is the farmland area in the research area, S Research farmland To study the area of the farmland, S Contaminated area Is formed by taking a pollution source as a center and radiating all aroundEmitting the farmland area in the region of 1-5km, wherein the area unit is mu;
(1.3) point location distribution,
(1.4) obtaining Point location data
Acquiring soil of the point location, detecting the soil, and acquiring a detection result corresponding to the monitoring index;
(1.5) carrying out principal component analysis on the soil detection result of the researched farmland to obtain a load matrix X, wherein the row indexes of the load matrix X are listed as principal components, a score coefficient matrix Y is obtained, the row monitoring indexes of the score coefficient matrix Y are listed as principal components, and any single monitoring index I can be obtained according to the load matrix X i ：
I i ＝a 1 F 1 +a 2 F 2 +…a i F i
Wherein, I i The method is a single monitoring index, and only indicates no value; f i The single monitoring index corresponds to a main component, and only shows no value; a is i Index I of single monitoring index in index component matrix i A corresponding numerical value;
while obtaining any F from Y i ：
F i ＝m 1 I 1 +m 2 I 2 +…+m i I i
Wherein: m is i Single monitoring index I in index coefficient matrix i A corresponding numerical value;
(2) Calculation of contamination variance
(2.1) for farmland in the pollution source region, the monitoring indexes of farmland point positions in the region have the following relational expressions, and w can be solved through a least square method i ：
E i(Fi) ＝∑C i m i(Fi)
C i ＝w 1(Fi) E 1 +w 2(Fi) E 2 +…+w i(Fi) E i
Wherein E is i(Fi) For single monitoring index I of pollution source land i (e.g. Cd) corresponds to F i Component factor of C i M is the detection result corresponding to the monitoring index i(Fi) Is a single monitoring index I in a scoring coefficient matrix i Corresponds to F i Numerical value of i(Fi) Is a single monitoring index I i Corresponds to F i The value of (d) below;
(2.2) according to the Single monitoring index I i A of (a) i(Fi) And w i(Fi) Respectively constructing matrixes, solving the pollution difference degree of a single monitoring index, and determining whether a known pollution source is an actual pollution source, wherein the specific formula is as follows:
wherein cos θ i For a single monitoring index of the degree of contamination difference, a is a i(Fi) A matrix of components, and a i(Fi) As a single monitoring indicator I in the component matrix i Corresponds to F i A value of w is i(Fi) A matrix of compositions; the difference degree is less than or equal to 0.85, and the known pollution source is considered as the actual pollution source of the research area; if the pollution source is more than 0.85, the known pollution source is not the actual pollution source of the research area;
(3) Determining a pollution path;
determination of the contamination pathway, characterized by:
(3.1) selecting a pollution source with the pollution difference degree of less than or equal to 0.85, presetting a pollution path according to the regional background information, distributing a pollution path block, keeping the number of point positions and monitoring index information in the pollution path block consistent with those of a polluted region,
(3.2) determination of potential contamination Source
Calculating the pollution difference degree of the pollution path plots determined in the step (3.1) according to the steps of the steps (1) to (2), determining difference degree mutation plots, performing radioactive plot layout aiming at the mutation plots to obtain the pollution difference degree of the radioactive plots, circulating the operation until the difference degree is stably changed,
information such as the number of point positions in the radioactive plots and monitoring indexes is consistent with that of the polluted areas, and one or more radioactive plots are circularly distributed each time;
(4) Contribution rate of pollution source
Acquiring w values of all monitoring indexes of the polluted land according to the known pollution sources and the potential pollution sources, wherein the relation between all the polluted land and the research land is as follows; all monitoring index relational expressions are combined, and k is solved by a least square method i ，k i Namely the contribution rate of each pollution source plot:
a i(Fi) ＝k 1 w i (1) (Fi) +k 2 w i (2) (Fi) +…+k i w i (n) (Fi)
wherein, w i (1) (Fi) 、w i (2) (Fi) 、w i (n) (Fi) And w i The method is consistent and is only used for distinguishing different pollution source plots;
k is i And is 1.
Further, the difference degree of the radioactive plots stably changes, namely the closer to the abrupt change plot, the smaller the difference degree is, the position of the potential pollution source is the radioactive plot finally laid;
further, the background information comprises farmland position, type and area, the quantity, type, position, area and period of known pollution sources are used for researching the flow direction, wind direction and road of regional water systems, and the distance between the farmland and each pollution source is researched;
further, the point location number in each area is calculated by adopting a uniform point distribution method, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein N is the number of point positions, and the calculation result is rounded up when the decimal is decimal; n is the number of monitoring indexes, and n is more than or equal to 5;
the number of point locations in the farmland in the research farmland and the polluted region is consistent;
further, the monitored detection indexes include, but are not limited to, cd, as, pb, cr, cu, zn, ni, mg, fe, mn, ca, si, se;
furthermore, the preset pollution path is used for connecting a research farmland with each pollution source according to regional background information, a pollution path plot is arranged on the connecting line, and the central point of the pollution path plot is arranged on the connecting line;
furthermore, the distribution quantity of the pollution path plots arranged on each pollution source connecting line is more than or equal to 1;
further, the determined difference degree mutation plot is a plot corresponding to the abnormal pollution difference degree in the process that the pollution difference degrees of the research farmland, the pollution path plots and the pollution sources change in a monotonically increasing or decreasing manner;
the farmland soil heavy metal traceability and pollution approach determination method has the following advantages:
1. point location data acquisition time is short, and soil detection results are acquired in real time; the point location data acquisition cost is low: the traditional method for judging whether the single-point data is a pollution source needs to perform isotope analysis, so that the cost is high, and the acquisition cost of single-point data is only 10-20% of the conventional cost;
2. from the existing soil data, the potential source of pollution can be deduced: the existing method can only analyze the pollution of heavy metals and the like caused by the shut-down enterprises or the shut-down irrigation canals and the like, and the existing method cannot analyze the pollution;
3. the known pollution source can simultaneously conjecture the contribution rate and the pollution approach of the pollution source, thus being more beneficial to making a targeted decision measure suggestion and reducing the resource waste of manpower, material resources and the like of the existing large-area measure;
4. and determining the position of the pollution difference mutation land parcel according to the pollution difference, and laying the radioactive land parcel in the mutation land parcel to further determine a potential pollution source, thereby greatly reducing the workload and providing technical support for the work of heavy metal pollution of the soil.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a technical flow chart of a farmland soil heavy metal traceability and pollution approach determination method;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a region of interest;
FIG. 3 is a plot of the site location distribution of the study area;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the pollution difference between different blocks;
FIG. 5 is a schematic of a contamination pathway;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing W values of contaminated areas;
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples so that those skilled in the art can practice the invention with reference to the description.
It will be understood that terms such as "having," "including," and "comprising," when used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or groups thereof.
1. Study region determination and data acquisition
(1) Selecting a farmland M in a certain area as a research object, and determining that two pollution sources A (industrial and mining industry) and B (aquaculture industry) exist in the village and town; the distance M to A was about 8.5km and the distance M to B was about 3km (FIG. 2);
(2) determining the area of a farmland M to be 780 mu, and dividing farmland areas with the same area by taking a pollution source as a center;
(3) point location arrangement: according to a point location layout formula, uniformly laying 41 point locations in each region land parcel to obtain point location geographic information (figure 3);
(4) point location data acquisition: A. and detecting indexes such As Cd, as, pb, cr, cu, zn, ni, mg, fe, mn, ca, si, se and the like at all point positions in the B and M areas by an X fluorescence rapid detection instrument, and acquiring detection results on site.
2. Calculation of contamination Difference
(1) Performing principal component analysis on farmland M point location information by taking Cd as a research index to obtain a load matrix and a score coefficient matrix;
(2) and calculating the pollution difference degree of the polluted area according to a difference degree calculation formula, wherein the difference degree of the areas A and B is less than 0.85, and the figure is 4.
(3) According to information such as regional water system flow direction and wind direction, pollution paths are preset between a farmland M and pollution sources A and B, and pollution path plots are arranged according to pollution path distances, wherein 3 plots (C, D and E) are arranged from M to A, and 1 plot (F) is arranged from M to B;
3. contamination pathway determination
(1) According to the pollution difference, the pollution difference of the region D is suddenly increased (from 0.014 to 0.029), which indicates that the difference between the region D and the farmland M is enhanced and is possibly influenced by other pollution sources, opposite pollution ways are preset on two sides of the region D, plots (G and H) are arranged, and point locations are arranged and point location geographic information is obtained;
(2) and (3) acquiring G and H point position detection data by using an X fluorescence rapid detection instrument, calculating the regional pollution difference, and determining three pollution paths (MA, MB and DH) as shown in figure 5.
4. Pollution source contribution rate determination
(1) Calculating all indexes w of the polluted areas A and B according to a least square method i Values, see FIG. 6;
(2) a in the component matrix through the field i Value and contamination area w i And (3) calculating to obtain that the contribution rate of A is 0.865, the contribution rate of B is 0.135, determining that A and B are both pollution sources of the farmland M, and A is a main pollution source of the farmland M, wherein the judgment result is consistent with the actual cognition.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable to various fields of endeavor for which the invention may be embodied with additional modifications as would be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the invention is therefore not limited to the details given herein and to the embodiments shown and described without departing from the generic concept as defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A method for tracing to the source of heavy metal in soil and determining a pollution path is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Determining a research area and acquiring data;
(1.1) selecting a research area and defining background information,
(1.2) determining the area of the polluted area,
(1.3) point location distribution,
(1.4) obtaining point location monitoring data
Acquiring soil of the point location, detecting the soil, and acquiring a detection result corresponding to the monitoring index;
(1.5) carrying out principal component analysis on the soil detection result of the researched farmland to obtain a load matrix X, wherein the line monitoring indexes of the load matrix X are listed as principal components, a score coefficient matrix Y is obtained, the line monitoring indexes of the score coefficient matrix Y are listed as principal components, and a single monitoring index I can be obtained according to the load matrix X i ：
I i ＝a 1 F 1 +a 2 F 2 +…a i F i
Wherein, I i The method is a single monitoring index, and only indicates no value; f i The single monitoring index corresponds to a main component, and only shows no value; a is i Single monitoring index I in index component matrix i A corresponding numerical value;
while obtaining any F from Y i ：
F i ＝m 1 I 1 +m 2 I 2 +…+m i I i
Wherein: m is i Index coefficient matrix single monitoring index I i A corresponding numerical value;
(2) Calculation of contamination variance
(2.1) for farmland in the pollution source region, monitoring indexes of point positions in the farmland are all
The following relationship exists and w can be solved by the least squares method i ：
E i(Fi) ＝∑C i m i(Fi)
C i ＝w 1(Fi) E 1 +w 2(Fi) E 2 +…+w i(Fi) E i
Wherein, E i(Fi) For single monitoring index I of pollution source land i Corresponds to F i Component factor of C i For monitoring index I i Corresponding to the detection result, m i(Fi) Is a single monitoring index I in a scoring coefficient matrix i Corresponds to F i Numerical value of i(Fi) Is a single monitoring index I i Corresponds to F i A value of;
(2.2) according to the Single monitoring index I i A of (a) i(Fi) And w i(Fi) Respectively constructing matrixes, solving the pollution difference degree of a single monitoring index, and determining whether a known pollution source is an actual pollution source, wherein the specific formula is as follows:
where cos θ i For a single monitoring index of the degree of contamination difference, a is a i(Fi) A matrix of components, and ai (Fi) As a single monitoring indicator I in the component matrix i Corresponds to F i A value of w is w i(Fi) A matrix of compositions; the difference degree is less than or equal to 0.85, and the known pollution source is considered as the actual pollution source of the research area; if the pollution source is more than 0.85, the known pollution source is not the actual pollution source of the research area;
(3) Determining a pollution path;
determination of the contamination pathway, characterized by:
(3.1) selecting a pollution source with the pollution difference degree of less than or equal to 0.85, presetting a pollution path according to regional background information, distributing a pollution path block, keeping the number of point positions and monitoring index information in the pollution path block consistent with a pollution region,
(3.2) determination of potential contamination Source
Calculating the pollution difference degree of the pollution path plots determined in the step (3.1) according to the steps of the steps (1) to (2), determining difference degree mutation plots, performing radioactive plot layout aiming at the mutation plots to obtain the pollution difference degree of the radioactive plots, circulating the operation until the difference degree is stably changed,
the number of the point positions of the radioactive plots, the monitoring index information and the pollution area are kept consistent, and one or more radioactive plots are circularly distributed each time;
(4) Contribution rate of pollution source
Acquiring w values of all monitoring indexes of the polluted land according to the known pollution sources and potential pollution sources, wherein the relationship between all the polluted land and the research land is as follows; combined standAll the monitoring index relational expressions are solved by a least square method i ，k i Namely the contribution rate of each pollution source land parcel:
a i(Fi) ＝k 1 w i (1) (Fi) +k 2 w i (2) (Fi) +…+k i w i (n) (Fi)
wherein w i (1) (Fi) 、w i (2) (Fi) 、w i (n) (Fi) And w i The method is consistent and is only used for distinguishing different pollution source plots;
k is the same as i And is 1.
2. The method for determining the heavy metal source tracing and pollution path of the soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the background information comprises the position, type and area of the farmland, the quantity, type, position, area and period of the known pollution sources are known, the water system flow direction, wind direction and road in the research area are studied, and the distance between the farmland and each pollution source is studied.
3. The method for tracing the source of the soil heavy metals and determining the pollution path as claimed in claim 1, wherein the number of the point locations in each area is calculated by adopting a uniform point distribution method, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein S is the farmland area in the research area, N is the number of point positions, and the calculation result is rounded up when the decimal is reached; n is the number of monitoring indexes, and n is more than or equal to 5;
the number of point locations in the farmland in the research farmland and the polluted area is consistent.
4. The method for determining the tracing and pollution pathways of heavy metals in soil according to claim 1, wherein the monitored detection indexes include but are not limited to Cd, as, pb, cr, cu, zn, ni, mg, fe, mn, ca, si and Se.
5. The method for tracing to the sources of the heavy metals in the soil and determining the pollution path as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preset pollution path is obtained by connecting a research farmland with each pollution source according to regional background information, and a pollution path plot is arranged on the connection, and the central point of the pollution path plot is arranged on the connection.
6. The method for determining the tracing and pollution routes of heavy metals in soil according to claim 5, wherein the distribution quantity of the pollution routes plots arranged on each pollution source connecting line is more than or equal to 1.
7. The method for determining the tracing and pollution pathways of the heavy metals in the soil according to claim 6, wherein the number of the pollution pathways arranged on the pollution source connecting line is determined according to the distance of the connecting line.
8. The method for tracing to sources and determining pollution pathways of heavy metals in soil according to claim 6, wherein the pollution pathway plots are uniformly arranged on the pollution source connecting line.
9. The method for determining the tracing and pollution pathways of the heavy metals in the soil according to claim 1, wherein the determined difference degree mutation plot is a plot corresponding to the abnormal pollution difference degree in the process that the pollution difference degrees of the research farmland, the pollution pathway plots and the pollution source plots change in a monotonically increasing or decreasing manner.
10. The method for determining the tracing and pollution pathways of the heavy metals in the soil according to claim 1, wherein the determination formula of the area of the polluted area is as follows:
S＝max(S research farmland ，S Contaminated area )
Wherein S is the farmland area in the research area, S Research agricultureField (Tu) To study the area of the farmland, S Contaminated area The method is characterized in that the farmland area in an area radiating 1-5km to the periphery is taken as a pollution source as a center, and the area unit is mu.
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