CN112592062A - Repair glaze and preparation method of sanitary ceramic using same - Google Patents
Repair glaze and preparation method of sanitary ceramic using same Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/02—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/04—Clay; Kaolin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
- C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
- C04B33/1321—Waste slurries, e.g. harbour sludge, industrial muds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
- C04B33/16—Lean materials, e.g. grog, quartz
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
- C04B41/5022—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials with vitreous materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/85—Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
- C04B41/87—Ceramics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/60—Production of ceramic materials or ceramic elements, e.g. substitution of clay or shale by alternative raw materials, e.g. ashes
Abstract
The invention discloses a repair glaze and a preparation method of sanitary ceramics using the same, wherein the repair glaze comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 10-22% of quartz, 5-20% of feldspar, 5-20% of calcined kaolin, 0.5-2% of calcined zinc oxide, 2-7% of wollastonite, 5-10% of limestone, 0.5-2% of talc, 0.5-1.5% of barium carbonate and 45-60% of frit. According to the repair glaze provided by the technical scheme, the formula of the repair glaze is adjusted, so that the high-temperature fluidity and the initial melting temperature of the repair glaze are effectively improved, the filling of firing cracks and the filling of the internal cracking surface of a product in the firing process are facilitated, the product yield of the sanitary ceramic is improved, and the defects in the prior art are overcome. Further provides a preparation method of the sanitary ceramic using the repair glaze, which has simple steps and strong operability and is beneficial to improving the product percent of pass of the sanitary ceramic.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sanitary ceramics, in particular to a repair glaze and a preparation method of the sanitary ceramics using the repair glaze.
Background
In the production of sanitary ceramics, the appearance is complex, the volume is large, the manufacturing process is complex, and the working procedures are multiple, so that the manufactured porcelain piece has defects of different degrees. In addition, under the influence of the dead weight of the glaze, the fused glaze is difficult to penetrate into the corner position or the vertical surface of the porcelain to repair cracks, so the defects of the corner position and the vertical surface of the porcelain are more serious.
In the prior art, the problems are mainly solved by adjusting a slurry formula and a furnace-returning and re-burning mode, but the existing repairing mode is complex and is not easy to operate. In addition, the existing mode for solving the cracks of the corner position and the vertical surface of the sanitary ceramic product is mainly used for repairing by using resin dry repairing glue, the repairing method has great limitation, and the repaired part of the product after being used is aged and yellowed, so that the attractiveness of the sanitary ceramic product is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a repair glaze, which has the advantages that the high-temperature fluidity and the initial melting temperature of the repair glaze are effectively improved by adjusting the formula of the repair glaze, so that the repair glaze is favorable for filling the firing cracks and the inner crack surfaces of products in the firing process, the product yield of sanitary ceramics is improved, and the defects in the prior art are overcome.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the sanitary ceramic using the repair glaze, which has simple steps and strong operability and is beneficial to improving the product percent of pass of the sanitary ceramic.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the repair glaze comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 10-22% of quartz, 5-20% of feldspar, 5-20% of calcined kaolin, 0.5-2% of calcined zinc oxide, 2-7% of wollastonite, 5-10% of limestone, 0.5-2% of talc, 0.5-1.5% of barium carbonate and 45-60% of frit.
Preferably, the calcination temperature of the calcined kaolin is 1000-1300 ℃.
Preferably, the fusion temperature of the frit is 1050-1200 ℃.
Preferably, the feed comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 13% of quartz, 9% of feldspar, 10% of calcined kaolin, 1% of calcined zinc oxide, 3% of wollastonite, 7% of limestone, 1.5% of talc, 1% of barium carbonate and 54.5% of frit.
The preparation method of the sanitary ceramic is prepared by using the repair glaze and comprises the following steps:
A. adding the sanitary ceramic body raw materials into a ball mill according to a ratio, adding water and a water reducing agent, and carrying out ball milling to obtain slurry;
B. the slurry is subjected to aging, grouting and forming, and drying to obtain a sanitary ceramic blank;
C. adding the repair glaze raw material into a ball mill according to the proportion, adding water and cellulose, and carrying out ball milling to obtain repair glaze;
D. applying the repairing glaze cloth on the surface of the sanitary ceramic blank, and drying to obtain a glazed ceramic semi-finished product;
E. applying the decorative glaze cloth on the surface of the semi-finished product of the glazed porcelain piece, and drying to obtain the glazed porcelain piece;
F. and firing the glazed porcelain piece to obtain the sanitary ceramic.
Preferably, in the step C, the fineness of the repair glaze is 6-8 μm, and the specific gravity of the repair glaze is 1.65-1.75.
Preferably, in the step D, the glazing thickness of the repair glaze is 0.15-0.35 mm.
Preferably, in the step F, the firing temperature of the sanitary ceramic is 1170-1250 ℃, and the firing time is 14-20 h.
Preferably, the expansion coefficient of the sanitary ceramic body is larger than that of the repair glaze.
Preferably, the sanitary ceramic body comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 6-12% of Guangdong flower mud, 5-7% of Guangdong white mud, 6-12% of Jiangxi Leping sand, 9-13% of Ganzhou sand, 2-6% of coffee mud, 4-10% of feldspar, 1-3% of talc, 10-14% of Fujian mud, 0.2-2% of dolomite, 6-14% of water washing mud and 10-18.5% of kaolin.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the technical scheme, the formula of the repair glaze is adjusted, so that the high-temperature fluidity and the initial melting temperature of the repair glaze are effectively improved, the blank is sealed and filled after bubbles in the blank are fully discharged, the filling of firing cracks in the firing process and the filling of the inner crack surface of a product are facilitated, and the product yield of sanitary ceramics is improved.
2. The technical scheme provides a preparation method of sanitary ceramics, which comprises the steps of applying repair glaze cloth on the surface of a sanitary ceramic blank, spraying glaze on a semi-finished product of a glazed ceramic piece according to a conventional preparation method of the sanitary ceramics, and then sintering once to obtain the sanitary ceramics. According to the technical scheme, the sanitary ceramic is repaired without adopting a mode of re-melting and re-burning, the repairing glaze is sprayed on the surface of the sanitary ceramic blank and is synchronously burnt with the decorative glaze on the surface of the sanitary ceramic, the repairing of the sanitary ceramic can be completed, and the method is simple in steps and strong in operability.
Detailed Description
In the production of sanitary ceramics, the appearance is complex, the volume is large, the manufacturing process is complex, and the working procedures are multiple, so that the manufactured porcelain piece has defects of different degrees. In addition, under the influence of the dead weight of the glaze, the fused glaze is difficult to penetrate into the corner position or the vertical surface of the porcelain to repair cracks, so the defects of the corner position and the vertical surface of the porcelain are more serious.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provides a repair glaze which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 10-22% of quartz, 5-20% of feldspar, 5-20% of calcined kaolin, 0.5-2% of calcined zinc oxide, 2-7% of wollastonite, 5-10% of limestone, 0.5-2% of talc, 0.5-1.5% of barium carbonate and 45-60% of frit.
Specifically, quartz can stabilize the firing temperature of glaze, and when the addition of quartz is too high, the firing temperature of glaze can be influenced, so that the luster of a product is reduced, even a matte phenomenon can occur, and when the addition of quartz is too low, the glaze surface of the product is easily over-fired, and a good repairing effect cannot be achieved. The feldspar is a good low-temperature fluxing raw material, when the addition proportion of the feldspar is too high, the melting temperature of the glaze is easily too low, the repair glaze is easy to flow and is difficult to permeate into the corner position or the vertical surface of the sanitary ceramic to repair cracks, the repair effect is poor, when the addition proportion of the feldspar is too low, the glaze is easily not burnt, the flowability of the repair glaze is poor, and the situation that the repair is not in place occurs. Wollastonite and limestone belong to divalent fluxing agents, calcium oxide is mainly provided for the formula of the sleeve repair by adding the wollastonite and the limestone, the effect of fluxing glaze is achieved, when the adding proportion of the wollastonite and the limestone is too high, the defect of calcium-dull appearance of a product is caused, and when the adding proportion of the wollastonite and the limestone is too low, the effective repairing effect cannot be achieved. The introduction of the calcined kaolin mainly provides an alumina component for a repair glaze formula, the alumina can be used as a skeleton of a glaze material to play a supporting role, when the calcined kaolin is added too much, the glaze material is too high in temperature and not easy to burn, when the calcined kaolin is added too little, the strength of the glaze surface of a product is insufficient, and the repair crack is easy to crack due to rapid cooling and rapid heating. The addition of the calcined zinc oxide can effectively improve the high-temperature fluidity of the glaze, and when the addition amount is too small, the repair of cracks is not facilitated. The addition of the talc mainly provides a magnesium oxide component in the formula of the sleeve prosthesis, and the magnesium oxide component and calcium oxide form a low-temperature eutectic of a low-temperature calcium-magnesium system to achieve a good melting assisting effect on the glaze. The addition of barium carbonate is beneficial to improving the initial melting temperature of the glaze and is convenient for fully discharging bubbles of the blank.
According to the technical scheme, the formula of the repair glaze is adjusted, so that the high-temperature fluidity and the initial melting temperature of the repair glaze are effectively improved, the blank is sealed and filled after bubbles in the blank are fully discharged, the filling of firing cracks in the firing process and the filling of the inner crack surface of a product are facilitated, and the product yield of sanitary ceramics is improved.
Further, the calcination temperature of the calcined kaolin is 1000-1300 ℃.
The calcined kaolin is calcined at the temperature of 1000-1300 ℃, the calcined kaolin has a stable structure and a small expansion coefficient, and the volume change is small during the high-temperature exothermic reaction, so that the stress during firing can be reduced, the cracking defect can be reduced, and the high-temperature deformation defect can be reduced.
Furthermore, the melting temperature of the frit is 1050-1200 ℃.
Further, the feed comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 13% of quartz, 9% of feldspar, 10% of calcined kaolin, 1% of calcined zinc oxide, 3% of wollastonite, 7% of limestone, 1.5% of talc, 1% of barium carbonate and 54.5% of frit.
The technical scheme further refines the proportion of the raw materials of the repair glaze, so that the raw materials are better matched, and the comprehensive performance of the repair glaze is further improved.
The technical scheme also provides a preparation method of the sanitary ceramic, which is prepared by using the repair glaze and comprises the following steps:
A. adding the sanitary ceramic body raw materials into a ball mill according to a ratio, adding water and a water reducing agent, and carrying out ball milling to obtain slurry;
B. the slurry is subjected to aging, grouting and forming, and drying to obtain a sanitary ceramic blank;
C. adding the repair glaze raw material into a ball mill according to the proportion, adding water and cellulose, and carrying out ball milling to obtain repair glaze;
D. applying the repairing glaze cloth on the surface of the sanitary ceramic blank, and drying to obtain a glazed ceramic semi-finished product;
E. applying the decorative glaze cloth on the surface of the semi-finished product of the glazed porcelain piece, and drying to obtain the glazed porcelain piece;
F. and firing the glazed porcelain piece to obtain the sanitary ceramic.
In the prior art, the crack defect of the sanitary ceramics is overcome mainly by adjusting a slurry formula and a mode of furnace returning and re-burning, but the existing repairing mode is more complex and is difficult to operate. In addition, the existing mode for solving the cracks of the corner position and the vertical surface of the sanitary ceramic product is mainly used for repairing by using resin dry repairing glue, the repairing method has great limitation, and the repaired part of the product after being used is aged and yellowed, so that the attractiveness of the sanitary ceramic product is influenced.
In order to simplify the repair process of the sanitary ceramics, the technical scheme provides a preparation method of the sanitary ceramics, the repair glaze cloth is applied on the surface of a sanitary ceramic blank, and the glazed ceramic semi-finished product is sprayed with glaze and then is sintered at one time according to the conventional preparation method of the sanitary ceramics to obtain the sanitary ceramics. According to the technical scheme, the sanitary ceramic is not required to be repaired by a mode of re-melting and re-burning, the repairing glaze is only required to be sprayed on the surface of a sanitary ceramic blank and is synchronously burnt with the decorative glaze on the surface of the sanitary ceramic, the repairing of the sanitary ceramic can be completed, the steps are simple, the operability is high, no crack appears on the surface of the burnt sanitary ceramic, and the relevant functionality detection of the GB6952-2015 sanitary ceramic can be realized.
It should be noted that the repair glaze of the technical scheme can be coated on the whole surface of the sanitary ceramic body, and also can be coated on the surface of a position which is easy to crack in the sanitary ceramic body. The decorative glaze in the technical scheme can be prepared by a conventional sanitary ceramic white glaze formula, and the decorative glaze is not described in detail herein.
In step C, the fineness of the repair glaze is 6 to 8 μm, and the specific gravity of the repair glaze is 1.65 to 1.75.
The fineness of the repair glaze in the technical scheme is 6-8 μm, and can be 6 μm, 7 μm or 8 μm for example, but is not limited thereto. When the fineness of the repair glaze is too fine, the grinding cost is increased, and meanwhile, the melting temperature of the glaze is low, so that the phenomenon of overburning is easy to occur, and the phenomena of cracks and glaze shrinkage of the fired sanitary ceramic are caused; when the fineness of the repair glaze is too coarse, the melting temperature of the glaze is higher, which causes deviation of high-temperature fluidity of the glaze and poor repair effect.
Further, the specific gravity of the repair glaze in the technical scheme is 1.65-1.75, and may be 1.65, 1.7 or 1.75 by way of example, but is not limited thereto. When the specific gravity of the repair glaze is too low, the glaze slip is too thin, and the glaze layer is difficult to thicken; when the specific gravity of the repair glaze is too large, the glaze slip is thick and difficult to operate.
In step D, the thickness of the repair glaze is 0.15 to 0.35 mm.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the glazing thickness of the repair glaze is controlled to be 0.15-0.35 mm, which may be, for example, 0.15mm, 0.2mm, 0.25mm, 0.3mm, or 0.35mm, but is not limited thereto. Can ensure the beautiful appearance of the sanitary ceramics on the premise of ensuring the repairing effect.
In the step F, the firing temperature of the sanitary ceramic is 1170-1250 ℃, and the firing time is 14-20 h.
In the technical scheme, the firing temperature of the sanitary ceramic is 1170-1250 ℃, and the firing time is 14-20 h. When the firing time of the sanitary ceramic is too long and the temperature is too high, the high-temperature fluidity of the glaze is too good, the glaze is easy to flow, the glaze is difficult to permeate into the corner position or the vertical surface of the sanitary ceramic to repair cracks, and the repairing effect is poor; when the firing time of the sanitary ceramic is too short and the temperature is too low, the deviation of the high-temperature fluidity of the repair glaze is difficult to fill the cracks.
Further, the expansion coefficient of the sanitary ceramic body is larger than that of the repair glaze.
In order to ensure that the repair glaze applied on the surface of the sanitary ceramic blank is not easy to fall off in the firing process, the technical scheme further limits that the expansion coefficient of the sanitary ceramic blank is larger than that of the repair glaze. The sanitary ceramic body can be prepared by the conventional formula of the existing sanitary ceramic, and the expansion coefficient of the sanitary ceramic body can be adjusted by the raw materials of the conventional formula of the conventional sanitary ceramic.
Further, the sanitary ceramic body comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 6-12% of Guangdong flower mud, 5-7% of Guangdong white mud, 6-12% of Jiangxi Leping sand, 9-13% of Ganzhou sand, 2-6% of coffee mud, 4-10% of feldspar, 1-3% of talc, 10-14% of Fujian mud, 0.2-2% of dolomite, 6-14% of water washing mud and 10-18.5% of kaolin.
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained by the following embodiments.
Example 1-preparation of a sanitary ceramic
A. Adding 12% of Guangdong flower mud, 7% of Guangdong white mud, 12% of Jiangxi Leping sand, 13% of Ganxi sand, 6% of coffee mud, 10% of feldspar, 3% of talcum, 14% of Fujian mud, 2% of dolomite, 11% of washing mud and 10% of kaolin into a ball mill according to the mass percentage, and adding water and a water reducing agent for ball milling to obtain slurry;
B. placing the aged slurry into a basin mould on a bench for slip casting molding, and drying to obtain a sanitary ceramic blank;
C. according to the mass percentage, 10 percent of quartz, 5 percent of feldspar, 20 percent of calcined kaolin with the calcination temperature of 1200 ℃, 0.5 percent of calcined zinc oxide, 7 percent of wollastonite, 10 percent of limestone, 2 percent of talc, 0.5 percent of barium carbonate and 45 percent of frit with the melting temperature of 1200 ℃ are added into a ball mill, and water and cellulose are added for ball milling to obtain repair glaze with the fineness of 6 mu m and the specific gravity of 1.65;
D. applying the repairing glaze cloth on the surface of the sanitary ceramic blank, and drying to obtain a glazed ceramic semi-finished product; wherein the glazing thickness of the repair glaze is 0.15 mm;
E. applying the decorative glaze cloth on the surface of the semi-finished product of the glazed porcelain piece, and drying to obtain the glazed porcelain piece; wherein, according to the mass portion, the decorative glaze comprises 18 portions of potassium feldspar, 28 portions of quartz, 1.5 portions of zinc oxide, 2 portions of dolomite, 15 portions of wollastonite, 10 portions of kaolin, 2 portions of alumina, 9.5 portions of zirconium silicate, 2 portions of strontium carbonate, 2 portions of calcined talc, 5 portions of fusion cake with the melting temperature of 1200 ℃, 50 portions of water, 0.2 portion of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 0.15 portion of sodium carbonate;
F. firing the glazed porcelain piece at 1170-1250 ℃ for 14-20 h to obtain the sanitary ceramic.
EXAMPLE 2 sanitary ceramic preparation method
A. Adding 12% of Guangdong flower mud, 7% of Guangdong white mud, 12% of Jiangxi Leping sand, 13% of Ganxi sand, 6% of coffee mud, 10% of feldspar, 3% of talcum, 14% of Fujian mud, 2% of dolomite, 11% of washing mud and 10% of kaolin into a ball mill according to the mass percentage, and adding water and a water reducing agent for ball milling to obtain slurry;
B. placing the aged slurry into a basin mould on a bench for slip casting molding, and drying to obtain a sanitary ceramic blank;
C. adding 16.5% of quartz, 20% of feldspar, 5% of calcined kaolin with the calcination temperature of 1200 ℃, 0.5% of calcined zinc oxide, 2% of wollastonite, 5% of limestone, 0.5% of talc, 0.5% of barium carbonate and 50% of frit with the melting temperature of 1200 ℃ into a ball mill according to the mass percentage, adding water and cellulose for ball milling to obtain repair glaze with the fineness of 6 mu m and the specific gravity of 1.65;
D. applying the repairing glaze cloth on the surface of the sanitary ceramic blank, and drying to obtain a glazed ceramic semi-finished product; wherein the glazing thickness of the repair glaze is 0.15 mm;
E. applying the decorative glaze cloth on the surface of the semi-finished product of the glazed porcelain piece, and drying to obtain the glazed porcelain piece; wherein, according to the mass portion, the decorative glaze comprises 18 portions of potassium feldspar, 28 portions of quartz, 1.5 portions of zinc oxide, 2 portions of dolomite, 15 portions of wollastonite, 10 portions of kaolin, 2 portions of alumina, 9.5 portions of zirconium silicate, 2 portions of strontium carbonate, 2 portions of calcined talc, 5 portions of fusion cake with the melting temperature of 1200 ℃, 50 portions of water, 0.2 portion of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 0.15 portion of sodium carbonate;
F. firing the glazed porcelain piece at 1170-1250 ℃ for 14-20 h to obtain the sanitary ceramic.
EXAMPLE 3A method for producing sanitary ceramics
A. Adding 12% of Guangdong flower mud, 7% of Guangdong white mud, 12% of Jiangxi Leping sand, 13% of Ganxi sand, 6% of coffee mud, 10% of feldspar, 3% of talcum, 14% of Fujian mud, 2% of dolomite, 11% of washing mud and 10% of kaolin into a ball mill according to the mass percentage, and adding water and a water reducing agent for ball milling to obtain slurry;
B. placing the aged slurry into a basin mould on a bench for slip casting molding, and drying to obtain a sanitary ceramic blank;
C. adding 13% of quartz, 9% of feldspar, 10% of calcined kaolin with the calcination temperature of 1200 ℃, 1% of calcined zinc oxide, 3% of wollastonite, 7% of limestone, 1.5% of talc, 1% of barium carbonate and 54.5% of frit with the melting temperature of 1200 ℃ into a ball mill according to the mass percentage, adding water and cellulose for ball milling to obtain repair glaze with the fineness of 6 mu m and the specific gravity of 1.65;
D. applying the repairing glaze cloth on the surface of the sanitary ceramic blank, and drying to obtain a glazed ceramic semi-finished product; wherein the glazing thickness of the repair glaze is 0.15 mm;
E. applying the decorative glaze cloth on the surface of the semi-finished product of the glazed porcelain piece, and drying to obtain the glazed porcelain piece; wherein, according to the mass portion, the decorative glaze comprises 18 portions of potassium feldspar, 28 portions of quartz, 1.5 portions of zinc oxide, 2 portions of dolomite, 15 portions of wollastonite, 10 portions of kaolin, 2 portions of alumina, 9.5 portions of zirconium silicate, 2 portions of strontium carbonate, 2 portions of calcined talc, 5 portions of fusion cake with the melting temperature of 1200 ℃, 50 portions of water, 0.2 portion of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 0.15 portion of sodium carbonate;
F. firing the glazed porcelain piece at 1170-1250 ℃ for 14-20 h to obtain the sanitary ceramic.
EXAMPLE 4A method for producing sanitary ceramics
A. Adding 12% of Guangdong flower mud, 7% of Guangdong white mud, 12% of Jiangxi Leping sand, 13% of Ganxi sand, 6% of coffee mud, 10% of feldspar, 3% of talcum, 14% of Fujian mud, 2% of dolomite, 11% of washing mud and 10% of kaolin into a ball mill according to the mass percentage, and adding water and a water reducing agent for ball milling to obtain slurry;
B. putting the aged slurry into a water tank mold for slip casting molding, and drying to obtain a sanitary ceramic blank;
C. adding 13% of quartz, 9% of feldspar, 10% of calcined kaolin with the calcination temperature of 1200 ℃, 1% of calcined zinc oxide, 3% of wollastonite, 7% of limestone, 1.5% of talc, 1% of barium carbonate and 54.5% of frit with the melting temperature of 1200 ℃ into a ball mill according to the mass percentage, adding water and cellulose for ball milling to obtain repair glaze with the fineness of 7 mu m and the specific gravity of 1.7;
D. applying the repairing glaze cloth on the surface of the sanitary ceramic blank, and drying to obtain a glazed ceramic semi-finished product; wherein the glazing thickness of the repair glaze is 0.2 mm;
E. applying the decorative glaze cloth on the surface of the semi-finished product of the glazed porcelain piece, and drying to obtain the glazed porcelain piece; wherein, according to the mass portion, the decorative glaze comprises 18 portions of potassium feldspar, 28 portions of quartz, 1.5 portions of zinc oxide, 2 portions of dolomite, 15 portions of wollastonite, 10 portions of kaolin, 2 portions of alumina, 9.5 portions of zirconium silicate, 2 portions of strontium carbonate, 2 portions of calcined talc, 5 portions of fusion cake with the melting temperature of 1200 ℃, 50 portions of water, 0.2 portion of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 0.15 portion of sodium carbonate;
F. firing the glazed porcelain piece at 1170-1250 ℃ for 14-20 h to obtain the sanitary ceramic.
EXAMPLE 5A method for producing sanitary ceramics
A. Adding 12% of Guangdong flower mud, 7% of Guangdong white mud, 12% of Jiangxi Leping sand, 13% of Ganxi sand, 6% of coffee mud, 10% of feldspar, 3% of talcum, 14% of Fujian mud, 2% of dolomite, 11% of washing mud and 10% of kaolin into a ball mill according to the mass percentage, and adding water and a water reducing agent for ball milling to obtain slurry;
B. putting the aged slurry into a urinal mold for slip casting, and drying to obtain a sanitary ceramic blank;
C. adding 13% of quartz, 9% of feldspar, 10% of calcined kaolin with the calcination temperature of 1200 ℃, 1% of calcined zinc oxide, 3% of wollastonite, 7% of limestone, 1.5% of talc, 1% of barium carbonate and 54.5% of frit with the melting temperature of 1200 ℃ into a ball mill according to the mass percentage, adding water and cellulose for ball milling to obtain a repair glaze with the fineness of 8 mu m and the specific gravity of 1.75;
D. applying the repairing glaze cloth on the surface of the sanitary ceramic blank, and drying to obtain a glazed ceramic semi-finished product; wherein the glazing thickness of the repair glaze is 0.35 mm;
E. applying the decorative glaze cloth on the surface of the semi-finished product of the glazed porcelain piece, and drying to obtain the glazed porcelain piece; wherein, according to the mass portion, the decorative glaze comprises 18 portions of potassium feldspar, 28 portions of quartz, 1.5 portions of zinc oxide, 2 portions of dolomite, 15 portions of wollastonite, 10 portions of kaolin, 2 portions of alumina, 9.5 portions of zirconium silicate, 2 portions of strontium carbonate, 2 portions of calcined talc, 5 portions of fusion cake with the melting temperature of 1200 ℃, 50 portions of water, 0.2 portion of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 0.15 portion of sodium carbonate;
F. firing the glazed porcelain piece at 1170-1250 ℃ for 14-20 h to obtain the sanitary ceramic.
Comparative example 1-method for producing sanitary ceramics
A. Adding 12% of Guangdong flower mud, 7% of Guangdong white mud, 12% of Jiangxi Leping sand, 13% of Ganxi sand, 6% of coffee mud, 10% of feldspar, 3% of talcum, 14% of Fujian mud, 2% of dolomite, 11% of washing mud and 10% of kaolin into a ball mill according to the mass percentage, and adding water and a water reducing agent for ball milling to obtain slurry;
B. placing the aged slurry into a basin mould on a bench for slip casting molding, and drying to obtain a sanitary ceramic blank;
C. applying the decorative glaze cloth on the surface of the sanitary ceramic blank, and drying to obtain a glazed ceramic piece; wherein, according to the mass portion, the decorative glaze comprises 18 portions of potassium feldspar, 28 portions of quartz, 1.5 portions of zinc oxide, 2 portions of dolomite, 15 portions of wollastonite, 10 portions of kaolin, 2 portions of alumina, 9.5 portions of zirconium silicate, 2 portions of strontium carbonate, 2 portions of calcined talc, 5 portions of fusion cake with the melting temperature of 1200 ℃, 50 portions of water, 0.2 portion of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 0.15 portion of sodium carbonate;
D. firing the glazed porcelain piece at 1170-1250 ℃ for 14-20 h to obtain the sanitary ceramic.
The sanitary ceramics are prepared by different preparation methods of the above examples and comparative examples, the surface of the sintered sanitary ceramics is observed, and the obtained sanitary ceramics are subjected to related functionality detection according to the detection method of the sanitary ceramics with the national standard number of GB6952-2015, and the results are shown as follows:
TABLE 1 results of the Performance tests of different sanitary ceramics
| Performance testing | Surface effect of sanitary ceramics | Functional detection |
| Example 1 | Without cracks | Qualified |
| Example 2 | Without cracks | Qualified |
| Example 3 | Without cracks | Qualified |
| Example 4 | Without cracks | Qualified |
| Example 5 | Without cracks | Qualified |
| Comparative example 1 | Having cracks at corners | Fail to be qualified |
As can be seen from the performance test results of examples 1-5 and comparative example 1, the sanitary ceramics prepared by the technical scheme has no cracks on the surface and can pass the related functionality test of GB6952-2015 sanitary ceramics.
The technical principle of the present invention is described above in connection with specific embodiments. The description is made for the purpose of illustrating the principles of the invention and should not be construed in any way as limiting the scope of the invention. Based on the explanations herein, those skilled in the art will be able to conceive of other embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort, which would fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The repair glaze is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 10-22% of quartz, 5-20% of feldspar, 5-20% of calcined kaolin, 0.5-2% of calcined zinc oxide, 2-7% of wollastonite, 5-10% of limestone, 0.5-2% of talc, 0.5-1.5% of barium carbonate and 45-60% of frit.
2. The repair glaze according to claim 1, wherein: the calcination temperature of the calcined kaolin is 1000-1300 ℃.
3. The repair glaze according to claim 1, wherein: the fusion temperature of the fusion cake is 1050-1200 ℃.
4. The repair glaze according to claim 1, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 13% of quartz, 9% of feldspar, 10% of calcined kaolin, 1% of calcined zinc oxide, 3% of wollastonite, 7% of limestone, 1.5% of talc, 1% of barium carbonate and 54.5% of frit.
5. The preparation method of sanitary ceramics is characterized by using the repair glaze of any one of claims 1 to 4 to prepare the sanitary ceramics, and comprises the following steps:
A. adding the sanitary ceramic body raw materials into a ball mill according to a ratio, adding water and a water reducing agent, and carrying out ball milling to obtain slurry;
B. the slurry is subjected to aging, grouting and forming, and drying to obtain a sanitary ceramic blank;
C. adding the repair glaze raw material into a ball mill according to the proportion, adding water and cellulose, and carrying out ball milling to obtain repair glaze;
D. applying the repairing glaze cloth on the surface of the sanitary ceramic blank, and drying to obtain a glazed ceramic semi-finished product;
E. applying the decorative glaze cloth on the surface of the semi-finished product of the glazed porcelain piece, and drying to obtain the glazed porcelain piece;
F. and firing the glazed porcelain piece to obtain the sanitary ceramic.
6. The method for preparing sanitary ceramics according to claim 5, characterized in that: in the step C, the fineness of the repair glaze is 6-8 mu m, and the specific gravity of the repair glaze is 1.65-1.75.
7. The method for preparing sanitary ceramics according to claim 5, characterized in that: in the step D, the glazing thickness of the repair glaze is 0.15-0.35 mm.
8. The method for preparing sanitary ceramics according to claim 5, characterized in that: in the step F, the firing temperature of the sanitary ceramic is 1170-1250 ℃, and the firing time is 14-20 h.
9. The method for preparing sanitary ceramics according to claim 5, characterized in that: the expansion coefficient of the sanitary ceramic body is larger than that of the repair glaze.
10. The preparation method of sanitary ceramic according to claim 9, wherein the sanitary ceramic body comprises the following raw materials by mass percent: 6-12% of Guangdong flower mud, 5-7% of Guangdong white mud, 6-12% of Jiangxi Leping sand, 9-13% of Ganzhou sand, 2-6% of coffee mud, 4-10% of feldspar, 1-3% of talc, 10-14% of Fujian mud, 0.2-2% of dolomite, 6-14% of water washing mud and 10-18.5% of kaolin.
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