CN112589349B - Welding tool, welding system, positioning method and welding method - Google Patents
Welding tool, welding system, positioning method and welding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112589349B CN112589349B CN202011460647.4A CN202011460647A CN112589349B CN 112589349 B CN112589349 B CN 112589349B CN 202011460647 A CN202011460647 A CN 202011460647A CN 112589349 B CN112589349 B CN 112589349B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K37/04—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K31/02—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to soldering or welding
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Abstract
The invention discloses a welding tool, a welding system, a positioning method and a welding method. The welding tool comprises a base assembly, a bracket assembly and a clamping assembly, wherein the base assembly is provided with a first connecting plate and a second connecting plate, and the positions of the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate can be adjusted; the bracket assembly is provided with a first mounting plate, a supporting plate and a limiting structure; the clamping assembly has a second mounting plate, a locating structure and a clamping structure. The supporting plate supports the side beam of the bottom frame, and the limiting structure limits and fixes the side beam of the bottom frame; the rib plate is positioned in the second direction and the third direction through the positioning structure, the rib plate can be positioned in the first direction while the rib plate is clamped by the clamping structure, and the first direction, the second direction and the third direction can form a three-dimensional space.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of positioning tools, in particular to a welding tool, a welding system, a positioning method and a welding method.
Background
Welding process equipment (hereinafter referred to as welding tooling) is a general name of a fixture, a mechanical device or equipment which plays a role in cooperation and assistance in the assembly and welding processes of welding structure production. Before welding, the parts to be welded are accurately positioned and clamped through a welding tool, and then the parts are subjected to processes of welding, assembling and the like.
The rib plates are required to be welded to the side beams of the underframe in the manufacturing process of the rail vehicle, so that the strength of the side beams of the underframe is improved. The existing welding tool adopts the clamp to position the rib plate and the chassis boundary beam, so that the rib plate is easily affected by a welding gun to shake in the welding process, and further becomes crooked, the relative position of the rib plate and the chassis boundary beam is deviated, namely, the relative position precision of the rib plate and the chassis boundary beam cannot be guaranteed, the welding precision of the chassis boundary beam and the rib plate is reduced, and finally the manufacturing precision of a rail vehicle is reduced.
Therefore, how to improve the manufacturing accuracy of the rail vehicle is a technical problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a welding tool to improve the manufacturing accuracy of a rail vehicle.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a welding frock for fixed between chassis boundary beam and the gusset, include:
the base assembly is provided with a first connecting plate, a second connecting plate and a supporting seat, the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate are arranged on the supporting seat, and the positions of the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate on the supporting seat can be adjusted;
the bracket assembly is provided with a first mounting plate, a supporting plate and a limiting structure, the first mounting plate is arranged on the first connecting plate, one end of the supporting plate is arranged on the first mounting plate, the other end of the supporting plate is suspended, the suspended end of the supporting plate can support the side beam of the underframe, and the limiting structure is arranged at the suspended end of the supporting plate and is used for limiting and fixing the side beam of the underframe;
the clamping assembly is provided with a second mounting plate, a positioning structure and a clamping structure, the second mounting plate is arranged on the second connecting plate, the positioning structure is arranged on the clamping structure, the positioning structure can position the rib plate in a second direction and a third direction, an included angle between the second direction and the third direction is larger than 0 degree and not larger than 90 degrees, the clamping structure can clamp the rib plate, the clamping force of the clamping structure on the rib plate is in a first direction, and the first direction is perpendicular to a plane formed by the second direction and the third direction.
Preferably, in the welding tool, the clamping structure includes a mechanical fixing group, a cantilever group and a mechanical clamping group, the mechanical fixing group is used for arranging the cantilever group on the second mounting plate, the cantilever group is used for controlling the lifting of the mechanical clamping group, and the mechanical clamping group is used for clamping the rib plate;
the mechanical fixing group comprises a first guide plate, a second guide plate, a first fixing piece and a second fixing piece, the first guide plate and the second guide plate are arranged oppositely, the first guide plate and the second guide plate are perpendicular to the second mounting plate, the first fixing piece is used for fixing the first guide plate, the second fixing piece is used for fixing the second guide plate, and the cantilever group is arranged between the first guide plate and the second guide plate.
Preferably, in the welding tool, the mechanical fixing set further includes a gap spacer disposed between the first guide plate and the second guide plate, and a thickness of the gap spacer is greater than a thickness of the cantilever set located between the first guide plate and the second guide plate.
Preferably, in the welding tool, the cantilever group includes a cantilever seat, a connecting shaft, a bearing and a cantilever;
be equipped with on the first deflector and be used for the installation the first connecting hole of connecting axle, be equipped with on the second deflector and be used for the installation the second connecting hole of connecting axle, the connecting axle passes through first connecting hole with the second connecting hole set up in first deflector with between the second deflector, cantilever seat install in the connecting axle, the cantilever seat is equipped with and is used for the installation the bearing mounting hole of bearing, the bearing install in on the connecting axle, and be located in the bearing mounting hole, the cantilever install in the cantilever seat.
Preferably, in the welding tool, the cantilever set further includes a driving member for driving the cantilever to rotate.
Preferably, in the welding tool, the driving member is an air cylinder, a piston rod of the air cylinder is rotatably connected to the cantilever through an adjusting block, and a cylinder body of the air cylinder is rotatably connected to the mechanical fixing group.
Preferably, in the welding tool, the cantilever is made of a stainless steel square tube.
Preferably, in the welding tool, the mechanical clamping group includes a positioning plate, a pressing plate, a connecting piece, an adjusting screw, a first adjusting nut, a second adjusting nut and an elastic element;
the locating plate passes through the connecting piece set up in on the cantilever group, the clamp plate with the locating plate rotates and is connected, adjusting screw runs through in proper order the clamp plate the locating plate the connecting piece with the cantilever group, and adjusting screw's one end installation first adjusting nut, other end installation second adjusting nut, elastic element install in adjusting screw.
Preferably, in the welding tool, the positioning structure is a positioning pin arranged on the clamping structure, the number of the positioning pins is four, and the positioning pins are respectively a first positioning pin, a second positioning pin, a third positioning pin and a fourth positioning pin, a center connecting line of the first positioning pin and the second positioning pin is perpendicular to the third direction, and a center connecting line of the third positioning pin and the fourth positioning pin is perpendicular to the second direction.
Preferably, in the welding tool, the limiting structure includes a first limiting group and a second limiting group, and the first limiting group and the second limiting group have the same structure;
the first limiting group comprises a limiting block, a fastening plate and fastening bolts, strip-shaped holes used for adjusting the positions of the limiting block are formed in the supporting plate, the limiting block is connected with the strip-shaped holes through bolts, the plane where the fastening plate is located is perpendicular to the plane where the supporting plate is located, the fastening bolts penetrate through the fastening plate and contact with the limiting block, and the fastening bolts are exposed on two sides of the fastening plate and locked through locking nuts.
Preferably, in the welding tool, the supporting plate is further provided with a central positioning block for improving the relative position precision between the adjacent underframe edge beams.
Preferably, in the welding tool, the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate have the same structure, and the first mounting plate and the second mounting plate have the same structure;
the first connecting plate is provided with a T-shaped groove and a connecting counter bore, a third connecting hole corresponding to the T-shaped groove is formed in the first mounting plate, the T-shaped groove is connected with the third connecting hole through a T-shaped groove bolt, and the connecting counter bore is connected with the supporting seat through a bolt.
Preferably, in the welding tool, the support seat is made of a square pipe beam, and a sliding groove for adjusting the positions of the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate is formed in the support seat.
A welding system comprising a welding tool as claimed in any one of the preceding claims.
A positioning method adopts the welding tool, which comprises the following steps:
s1: the supporting plate supports the edge beam of the bottom frame;
s2: the limiting structure limits the position of the side beam of the underframe on the supporting plate;
s3: the positioning structure positions the rib plate in a second direction and a third direction;
s4: judging whether the positioning structure positions the rib plate in the second direction and the third direction, if so, executing step S5, otherwise, executing step S3;
s5: the clamping structure clamps the rib plate in a first direction;
s6: judging whether the clamping structure clamps the rib plate in the first direction, if so, executing step S7, and if not, executing step S5;
s7: moving the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate;
s8: judging whether the welding positions of the underframe boundary beam and the rib plate correspond to each other, if so, executing step S9, otherwise, executing step S7;
s9: and (6) ending.
A welding method comprising the positioning method as claimed in any one of the above.
When the welding tool provided by the invention is used, the edge beam of the bottom frame is placed at one end of the supporting plate suspension, the edge beam of the bottom frame is supported by the supporting plate, the limit structure is used for limiting and fixing the edge beam of the bottom frame, and the edge beam of the bottom frame is fixed at one end of the supporting plate suspension; the rib plate is positioned in the second direction and the third direction through the positioning structure arranged on the clamping structure, and then the rib plate is clamped through the clamping structure, and the clamping force of the clamping structure on the rib plate is parallel to the first direction, so that the rib plate can be positioned in the first direction while the rib plate is clamped by the clamping structure; the positions of the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate are adjusted by adjusting the positions of the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate, and then the relative positions of the supporting plate and the clamping assembly are adjusted, so that the welding position of the side beam of the underframe corresponds to the welding position of the rib plate. Therefore, the welding tool provided by the invention can position the rib plate in the first direction, the second direction and the third direction, and the first direction is perpendicular to the plane formed by the second direction and the third direction, namely the first direction, the second direction and the third direction can form a three-dimensional space, so that after the rib plate is positioned in all directions, the welding part of the rib plate corresponds to and is welded with the welding part of the side beam of the underframe, the relative position deviation of the rib plate and the side beam of the underframe in the welding process is reduced, the relative position precision of the rib plate and the side beam of the underframe is improved, the welding precision of the side beam of the underframe and the rib plate is further improved, and the manufacturing precision of a railway vehicle is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a welding tool according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic top view of a welding tool according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic side view of a welding tool according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a mechanical fastening set in a first plane a according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a mechanical fixing unit in a second plane b according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a mechanical clamping group in a third plane c according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a cantilever group when a cantilever provided by the embodiment of the invention is in a horizontal state;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a cantilever group when the cantilever provided by the embodiment of the present invention is lifted;
fig. 9 is a schematic top view of a bracket assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic structural view illustrating a connection between a first connecting plate and a supporting seat according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a flowchart illustrating a positioning method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein 100 is a base assembly, 101 is a first connecting plate, 1011 is a T-shaped groove, 1012 is a connecting counter bore, 102 is a second connecting plate, 103 is a supporting seat, 1031 is a sliding groove, 200 is a bracket assembly, 201 is a first mounting plate, 202 is a supporting plate, 2021 is a strip-shaped hole, 2022 is a central positioning block, 203 is a limiting structure, 2031 is a fastening plate, 2032 is a fastening bolt, 2033 is a limiting block, 300 is a clamping assembly, 301 is a second mounting plate, 302 is a positioning structure, 3021 is a first positioning pin, 3022 is a second positioning pin, 3023 is a third positioning pin, 3024 is a fourth positioning pin, 303 is a clamping structure, 3031 is a mechanical fixing group, 3031-a is a first guide plate, 3031-b is a second guide plate, 3031-c is a first fixing member, 3031-d is a second fixing member, 3031-e is a gap spacer, 3032 is a cantilever group, 3032-a cantilever seat, 3032-b is a connecting shaft, 3032-c is a bearing, 3032-d is a cantilever, 3032-e is a cylinder, 3032-f is an adjusting block, 3033 is a mechanical clamping group, 3033-a is a positioning plate, 3033-b is a pressure plate, 3033-c is a connecting piece, 3033-d is an adjusting screw rod, 3033-e is a first adjusting nut, 3033-f is a second adjusting nut, 3033-g is an elastic element, 400 is an underframe side beam, 401 is a first underframe side beam, 402 is a second underframe side beam, 500 is a rib plate, x is a first direction, y is a second direction, z is a third direction, a is a first plane, b is a second plane, and c is a third plane.
Detailed Description
In view of the above, the core of the present invention is to provide a welding tool to improve the manufacturing accuracy of a rail vehicle.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 10, an embodiment of the present invention discloses a welding tool for fixing an underframe edge beam 400 and a rib plate 500, which includes a base assembly 100, a bracket assembly 200 and a clamping assembly 300.
The base assembly 100 is provided with a first connecting plate 101, a second connecting plate 102 and a supporting seat 103, the first connecting plate 101 and the second connecting plate 102 are arranged on the supporting seat 103, and the positions of the first connecting plate 101 and the second connecting plate 102 on the supporting seat 103 can be adjusted, so that the positions of the first mounting plate 201 and the second mounting plate 301 can be adjusted by adjusting the positions of the first connecting plate 101 and the second connecting plate 102, the relative positions of the support plate 202 and the clamping assembly 300 can be adjusted, and the welding position of the underframe edge beam 400 corresponds to the welding position of the rib plate 500.
Clamping assembly 300 has second mounting plate 301, location structure 302 and clamping structure 303, second mounting plate 301 sets up on second connecting plate 102, location structure 302 sets up on clamping structure 303, and location structure 302 can be fixed a position rib plate 500 in second direction y and third direction z, the contained angle between second direction y and the third direction z is greater than 0 and does not exceed 90 to make location structure 302 fix a position rib plate 500 in the plane that second direction y and third direction z constitute, clamping structure 303 can clamp rib plate 500, and clamping structure 303 is along first direction x to the clamp force of rib plate 500, first direction x is perpendicular to the plane that second direction y and third direction z constitute.
When the welding tool provided by the invention is used, the underframe boundary beam 400 is placed at one end of the supporting plate 202 in a suspension manner, the underframe boundary beam 400 is supported by the supporting plate 202, the limit structure 203 limits and fixes the underframe boundary beam 400, and the underframe boundary beam 400 is fixed at one end of the supporting plate 202 in a suspension manner; positioning rib plate 500 in second direction y and third direction z through positioning structure 302 arranged on clamping structure 303, and then clamping rib plate 500 through clamping structure 303, wherein clamping structure 303 can position rib plate 500 in first direction x while clamping rib plate 500 because the clamping force of clamping structure 303 on rib plate 500 is parallel to first direction x; the positions of the first connecting plate 101 and the second connecting plate 102 are adjusted by adjusting the positions of the first connecting plate 101 and the second connecting plate 102, and then the relative positions of the supporting plate 202 and the clamping assembly 300 are adjusted, so that the welding position of the underframe edge beam 400 corresponds to the welding position of the rib plate 500. Therefore, the welding tool provided by the invention can position the rib plate 500 in the first direction x, the second direction y and the third direction z, and the first direction x is perpendicular to the plane formed by the second direction y and the third direction z, namely, the first direction x, the second direction y and the third direction z can form a three-dimensional space, so that after the welding tool can position the rib plate 500 in all directions, the welding part of the rib plate 500 corresponds to and is welded with the welding part of the chassis side beam 400, the relative position deviation generated in the welding process of the rib plate 500 and the chassis side beam 400 is reduced, the relative position precision of the rib plate 500 and the chassis side beam 400 is improved, the welding precision of the chassis side beam 400 and the rib plate 500 is further improved, and the manufacturing precision of a rail vehicle is improved.
The included angle between the second direction y and the third direction z may be 70 °, 80 °, 90 °, or the like, as long as the included angle is greater than 0 ° and not greater than 90 °, and can form a plane perpendicular to the first direction x; preferably, the included angle between the second direction y and the third direction z provided by the embodiment of the present invention is 90 °, so as to have a better positioning effect.
Further, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the clamping structure 303 includes a mechanical fixing group 3031, a cantilever group 3032 and a mechanical clamping group 3033, the mechanical clamping group 3033 is used for clamping the rib plate 500, the mechanical fixing group 3031 is used for arranging the cantilever group 3032 on the second mounting plate 301, so as to control the lifting and lowering of the mechanical clamping group 3033 through the cantilever group 3032, so that the mechanical clamping group 3033 is in a horizontal state when the mechanical clamping group 3033 needs to clamp the rib plate 500 and weld the rib plate 500 and the chassis edge beam 400 together, and after the welding is completed, the mechanical clamping group 3033 is lifted so as to take the welded rib plate 500 and the chassis edge beam 400 off from the welding tool.
It should be noted that the mechanical fixing group 3031 may be a fixing plate, a fixing bracket, a fixing seat, or the like, and any structure that can dispose the cantilever group 3032 on the second mounting plate 301 falls within the protection scope of the present invention; preferably, the embodiment of the present invention provides a specific structure.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, a cross-sectional structure of a mechanical fixing group 3031 provided for an embodiment of the present invention at a first plane a and a second plane b is schematically illustrated, and the mechanical fixing group 3031 includes a first guide plate 3031-a, a second guide plate 3031-b, a first fixing member 3031-c and a second fixing member 3031-d, where the first guide plate 3031-a and the second guide plate 3031-b are disposed opposite to each other, so as to dispose a cantilever 3032-d of a cantilever group 3032 described below between the first guide plate 3031-a and the second guide plate 3031-b; the first guide plate 3031-a and the second guide plate 3031-b are perpendicular to the second mounting plate 301, the first fixing member 3031-c is used for fixing the first guide plate 3031-a so that the first guide plate 3031-a can be arranged perpendicular to the second mounting plate 301, and the second fixing member 3031-d is used for fixing the second guide plate 3031-b so that the second guide plate 3031-b can be arranged perpendicular to the second mounting plate 301.
It should be noted that, the first fixing member 3031-c and the second fixing member 3031-d may be L-shaped, right-angled or square structures, and any structures that can make the first guide plate 3031-a and the second guide plate 3031-b perpendicular to the second mounting plate 301 respectively are within the protection scope of the present invention; preferably, the embodiment of the present invention adopts a plate-shaped structure forming an acute angle with the plane of the second mounting plate 301, and one end of the plate-shaped structure is provided with a matching surface capable of being attached to the first guide plate 3031-a or the second guide plate 3031-b, and the other end is provided with a matching surface capable of being attached to the second mounting plate 301, so that the structure is simple and the mounting is convenient.
Further, the mechanical fixing group 3031 further comprises a gap clapboard 3031-e arranged between the first guide plate 3031-a and the second guide plate 3031-b, wherein the thickness of the gap clapboard 3031-e is greater than that of the cantilever group 3032 positioned between the first guide plate 3031-a and the second guide plate 3031-b, namely the thickness of the gap clapboard 3031-e is greater than that of a cantilever seat 3032-a described below, so that the cantilever seat 3032-a can rotate smoothly between the first guide plate 3031-a and the second guide plate 3031-b, and the clamping stagnation phenomenon is prevented from occurring, and the normal use of the welding tool is prevented from being influenced.
It should be noted that the thickness of the gap isolation plate 3031-e is greater than that of the cantilever base 3032-a, but not too great, so that the gap between the first guide plate 3031-a and the second guide plate 3031-b is too great due to the excessive thickness of the gap isolation plate 3031-e, and the cantilever base 3032-a swings when rotating between the first guide plate 3031-a and the second guide plate 3031-b, thereby affecting the positioning accuracy of the welding tool; preferably, embodiments of the present invention provide a gap spacer 3031-e having a thickness that is 0.03mm greater than the thickness of the cantilever mount 3032-a.
As shown in fig. 7 and 8, the cantilever assembly 3032 includes a cantilever holder 3032-a, a connecting shaft 3032-b, a bearing 3032-c and a cantilever 3032-d.
The first guide plate 3031-a is provided with a first connecting hole for mounting the connecting shaft 3032-b, the second guide plate 3031-b is provided with a second connecting hole for mounting the connecting shaft 3032-b, so that the connecting shaft 3032-b is arranged between the first guide plate 3031-a and the second guide plate 3031-b through the first connecting hole and the second connecting hole, and the connecting shaft 3032-b is in interference fit with the first connecting hole and the second connecting hole, so that the connecting shaft 3032-b has high centering precision, and further the cantilever base 3032-a has high rotation precision; the cantilever base 3032-a is arranged on the connecting shaft 3032-b, so that the cantilever base 3032-a can rotate around the connecting shaft 3032-b; the cantilever base 3032-a is provided with a bearing mounting hole for mounting the bearing 3032-c so as to facilitate the mounting of the bearing 3032-c on the connecting shaft 3032-b and is positioned in the bearing mounting hole of the cantilever base 3032-a so as to reduce the rotational friction between the connecting shaft 3032-b and the cantilever base 3032-a and prolong the service life of the welding tool; the cantilever 3032-d is mounted on the cantilever base 3032-a so that the rotation of the cantilever base 3032-a drives the rotation of the cantilever 3032-d and further drives the mechanical clamping group 3033 arranged on the cantilever 3032-d to ascend or descend.
Further, the cantilever assembly 3032 further includes a driving member for driving the cantilever arms 3032-d to rotate, so as to drive the mechanical clamping assembly 3033 disposed on the cantilever arms 3032-d to ascend or descend.
It should be noted that the driving member may be a cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, or an electric driving member, and any structure that can drive the cantilever to rotate and further drive the mechanical clamping group 3033 to ascend or descend belongs to the protection scope of the present invention; preferably, the embodiment of the present invention employs the cylinders 3032-e, which is simple to install and easy to operate.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 7 and 8, the piston rod of the air cylinder 3032-e is rotatably connected to the cantilever arm 3032-d through the adjusting block 3032-f so as to push the cantilever arm 3032-d to lift through the piston rod of the air cylinder 3032-e, and the cylinder body of the air cylinder 3032-e is rotatably connected to the mechanical fixing group 3031 so as to enable the cantilever arm 3032-d to have a higher lifting angle.
It should be noted that the lifting angle of the cantilevers 3032-d according to the present invention is not particularly limited, and any angle that does not hinder the detachment of the undercarriage side frame 400 from the welding tool after the cantilevers 3032-d are lifted is within the scope of the present invention.
In addition, the cantilever 3032-d can be a square tube, a cylindrical rod, a stepped cylindrical tube or other structures, and any structure which can meet the use requirement is within the protection scope of the invention; preferably, embodiments of the present invention are fabricated from stainless steel square tubing to facilitate installation of the connector 3033-c described below.
Fig. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a mechanical clamping group 3033 provided by the present invention in a third plane c; the mechanical clamping group 3033 comprises a positioning plate 3033-a, a pressure plate 3033-b, a connecting piece 3033-c, an adjusting screw 3033-d, a first adjusting nut 3033-e, a second adjusting nut 3033-f and an elastic element 3033-g.
Wherein, the positioning plate 3033-a is arranged on the cantilever assembly 3032 through a connecting piece 3033-c, the pressure plate 3033-b is rotatably connected with the positioning plate 3033-a, so that the rib plate 500 is clamped at the other end of the rotary connection through the pressure plate 3033-b and the positioning plate 3033-a; the adjusting screw 3033-d sequentially penetrates through the pressure plate 3033-b, the positioning plate 3033-a, the connecting piece 3033-c and the cantilever 3032-d of the cantilever group 3032, one end of the adjusting screw 3033-d is provided with a first adjusting nut 3033-e, the other end of the adjusting screw 3033-d is provided with a second adjusting nut 3033-f, the elastic element 3033-g is arranged on the adjusting screw 3033-d and is positioned between the second adjusting nut 3033-f and the connecting piece 3033-c, so that before welding, the compression amount of the elastic element 3033-g is reduced through the first adjusting nut 3033-e and the second adjusting nut 3033-f, the compression force of the elastic element 3033-g is increased, the pressure of the first adjusting nut 3033-e on the pressure plate 3033-b is increased, and the pressure of the pressure plate 3033-b on the rib plate 500 is ensured to be compressed, the looseness can not occur during welding; after welding is completed, the compression force of the elastic element 3033-g is reduced through the first adjusting nut 3033-e and the second adjusting nut 3033-f, and further the pressure of the first adjusting nut 3033-e on the pressure plate 3033-b is reduced, so that the rib plate 500 welded with the side beam 400 of the underframe can automatically fall off from the position between the pressure plate 3033-b and the positioning plate 3033-a in the lifting process of the cantilever 3032-d.
It should be noted that the elastic element 3033-g may be a type that can generate a compression amount after being compressed, such as a spring, rubber or foam, and any component that can adjust the compression amount and further adjust the pressure of the first adjusting nut 3033-e on the pressure plate 3033-b is within the protection scope of the present invention; preferably, the embodiment of the invention adopts the spring, has a simple structure and is convenient to process and manufacture.
Moreover, the pressure plate 3033-b and the positioning plate 3033-a can be connected by a pin shaft, a hinge, a ball joint or other connection forms, and the form of the rotary connection between the pressure plate 3033-b and the positioning plate 3033-a is within the scope of the invention; preferably, the embodiment of the invention adopts the hinge connection, has simple structure and is convenient to mount and dismount.
In addition, the positioning structure 302 may be a positioning plate, a positioning pin, or a combination structure of the positioning plate and the positioning pin, and any structure that can position the rib plate 500 in the second direction y and the third direction z is within the protection scope of the present invention; preferably, the embodiment of the invention adopts the positioning pin, so that the structure is simple, and the installation and the disassembly are convenient.
As shown in fig. 3, there are four positioning pins disposed on the positioning plate 3033-a, which are respectively a first positioning pin 3021, a second positioning pin 3022, a third positioning pin 3023, and a fourth positioning pin 3024, where a central connecting line of the first positioning pin 3021 and the second positioning pin 3022 is perpendicular to the third direction z, so as to prevent the rib plate 500 from rotating in a plane formed by the second direction y and the third direction z while limiting the movement of the rib plate 500 in the third direction z; the line connecting the centers of third positioning pin 3023 and fourth positioning pin 3024 is perpendicular to second direction y, so that rib 500 is prevented from rotating in the plane formed by second direction y and third direction z while movement of rib 500 in second direction y is restricted.
It should be noted that the welding tool provided by the present invention can be used for positioning between at least one chassis boundary beam 400 and at least one rib plate 500, that is, the number of the chassis boundary beams 400 and the number of the rib plates 500 are not specifically limited, and in practical applications, the bracket assembly 200 and the clamping assembly 300 of the welding tool can be adaptively adjusted according to the number of the chassis boundary beams 400 and the number of the rib plates 500, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the welding tool provided by the embodiment of the present invention is used for welding between two chassis boundary beams 400 and two rib plates 500, the two chassis boundary beams 400 are respectively a first chassis boundary beam 401 and a second chassis boundary beam 402, and correspondingly, the number of the clamping structures 303 and the limiting structures 203 is also two respectively.
As shown in fig. 9, the limiting structure 203 includes a first limiting group and a second limiting group, the first limiting group is disposed on one side of the first chassis boundary beam 401 close to the base assembly 100 so as to limit the position of the first chassis boundary beam 401, the second limiting group is disposed on one side of the second chassis boundary beam 402 far from the base assembly 100 so as to limit the position of the second chassis boundary beam 402, and the first limiting group and the second limiting group have the same structure so as to implement generalization of the component structure.
Specifically, the first limiting group comprises a limiting block 2033, a fastening plate 2031 and a fastening bolt 2032, and the supporting plate 202 is provided with a strip-shaped hole 2021 for adjusting the position of the limiting block 2033, so as to be suitable for limiting products of different widths; stopper 2033 and bar hole 2021 bolted connection, the plane perpendicular to layer board 202 place plane at mounting plate 2031 place, and fastening bolt 2032 runs through and contacts with stopper 2033 behind mounting plate 2031 to the fastening bolt 2032 that exposes in mounting plate 2031's both sides passes through lock nut locking, so that lock the position to the stopper 2033 who adjusts fixedly, prevent that chassis boundary beam 400 from rocking among the welding process, influence welding precision.
In addition, a center positioning block 2022 is further disposed on the supporting plate 202, and the center positioning block 2022 is disposed between the adjacent chassis side beams 400, so as to ensure the relative position accuracy between the two adjacent chassis side beams 400, and further improve the manufacturing accuracy of the rail vehicle.
Further, the first connecting plate 101 and the second connecting plate 102 have the same structure, and the first mounting plate 201 and the second mounting plate 301 have the same structure, so that the universality of the structure of the parts is realized, the manufacture of non-standard parts is reduced, and the cost is saved.
As shown in fig. 10, the first connecting plate 101 is provided with a T-shaped groove 1011 and a connecting counterbore 1012, the first mounting plate 201 is provided with a third connecting hole corresponding to the T-shaped groove 1011, the T-shaped groove 1011 and the third connecting hole are connected by a T-shaped groove 1011 through a bolt, and the connecting counterbore 1012 is connected with the support seat 103 through a bolt.
In addition, the supporting seat 103 is made of a square tube beam, so that the sliding groove 1031 is provided on the supporting seat 103, the sliding groove 1031 and the connecting counterbore 1012 of the first connecting plate 101 are connected by a bolt, and the position of the bolt can be adjusted along the length direction of the sliding groove 1031, thereby adjusting the positions of the first connecting plate 101 and the second connecting plate 102.
The invention also discloses a welding system which comprises the welding tool, so that all the technical effects of the welding tool are achieved, and the welding system is not explained one by one herein.
As shown in fig. 11, the present invention further discloses a positioning method, which adopts the welding tool as described above, and includes the steps of:
s1: the pallet 202 supports the chassis edge rail 400;
s2: the limiting structure 203 limits the position of the underframe edge beam 400 on the supporting plate 202;
s3: positioning structure 302 positions web 500 in second direction y and third direction z;
s4: judging whether the positioning structure 302 positions the rib plate 500 in the second direction y and the third direction z, if so, executing step S5, otherwise, executing step S3;
s5: the clamping structure 303 clamps the rib plate 500 in the first direction x;
s6: judging whether the clamping structure 303 clamps the rib plate 500 in the first direction x, if so, executing step S7, otherwise, executing step S5;
s7: moving the first connecting plate 101 and the second connecting plate 102;
s8: judging whether the welding positions of the underframe side beam 400 and the rib plate 500 correspond to each other, if so, executing step S9, otherwise, executing step S7;
s9: and (6) ending.
The included angle between the second direction y and the third direction z may be 70 °, 80 °, 90 °, or the like, as long as the included angle is greater than 0 ° and not greater than 90 °, and can form a plane perpendicular to the first direction x; preferably, the included angle between the second direction y and the third direction z provided by the embodiment of the present invention is 90 °, so as to have a better positioning effect.
Therefore, the rib plate 500 can be positioned in the first direction x, the second direction y and the third direction z by using the positioning method provided by the invention, and the first direction x is perpendicular to the plane formed by the second direction y and the third direction z, namely, the first direction x, the second direction y and the third direction z can form a three-dimensional space, so that after the rib plate 500 is positioned in all directions by the welding tool, the welding part of the rib plate 500 corresponds to the welding part of the chassis side beam 400 and is welded, the relative position deviation generated in the welding process of the rib plate 500 and the chassis side beam 400 is reduced, the relative position precision of the rib plate 500 and the chassis side beam 400 is improved, the welding precision of the chassis side beam 400 and the rib plate 500 is further improved, and the manufacturing precision of a railway vehicle is improved.
In addition, the invention also discloses a welding method, which comprises the positioning method, so that all the technical effects of the positioning method are achieved, and the details are not repeated herein.
The terms "first" and "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and in the above-described drawings, are used for distinguishing between different objects and not for describing a particular order. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," as well as any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not set forth for a listed step or element but may include other steps or elements not listed.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (16)
1. The utility model provides a welding frock for fixed between chassis boundary beam (400) and gusset (500), its characterized in that includes:
a base assembly (100) having a first connecting plate (101), a second connecting plate (102) and a support seat (103), the first connecting plate (101) and the second connecting plate (102) being arranged on the support seat (103), and the position of the first connecting plate (101) and the second connecting plate (102) on the support seat (103) being adjustable;
the bracket assembly (200) is provided with a first mounting plate (201), a supporting plate (202) and a limiting structure (203), the first mounting plate (201) is arranged on the first connecting plate (101), one end of the supporting plate (202) is arranged on the first mounting plate (201), the other end of the supporting plate is suspended, the suspended end of the supporting plate (202) can support the chassis boundary beam (400), and the limiting structure (203) is arranged at the suspended end of the supporting plate (202) and is used for limiting and fixing the chassis boundary beam (400);
a clamping assembly (300) having a second mounting plate (301), a locating structure (302) and a clamping structure (303), the second mounting plate (301) being disposed on the second connection plate (102), the locating structure (302) being disposed on the clamping structure (303), and the locating structure (302) being capable of locating the web (500) in a second direction (y) and a third direction (z), the angle between the second direction (y) and the third direction (z) being greater than 0 ° and not greater than 90 °, the clamping structure (303) being capable of clamping the web (500), and the clamping force of the clamping structure (303) on the web (500) being in a first direction (x) which is perpendicular to the plane formed by the second direction (y) and the third direction (z).
2. The welding tool according to claim 1, wherein the clamping structure (303) comprises a mechanical fixing group (3031), a cantilever group (3032) and a mechanical clamping group (3033), wherein the mechanical fixing group (3031) is used for arranging the cantilever group (3032) on the second mounting plate (301), the cantilever group (3032) is used for controlling the lifting of the mechanical clamping group (3033), and the mechanical clamping group (3033) is used for clamping the rib plate (500);
the mechanical fixing group (3031) comprises a first guide plate (3031-a), a second guide plate (3031-b), a first fixing member (3031-c) and a second fixing member (3031-d), wherein the first guide plate (3031-a) and the second guide plate (3031-b) are oppositely arranged, the first guide plate (3031-a) and the second guide plate (3031-b) are perpendicular to the second mounting plate (301), the first fixing member (3031-c) is used for fixing the first guide plate (3031-a), the second fixing member (3031-d) is used for fixing the second guide plate (3031-b), and the cantilever arm group (3032) is arranged between the first guide plate (3031-a) and the second guide plate (3031-b).
3. The welding tool of claim 2, wherein the mechanical fixing group (3031) further comprises a gap spacer (3031-e) disposed between the first guide plate (3031-a) and the second guide plate (3031-b), wherein the thickness of the gap spacer (3031-e) is greater than the thickness of the cantilever group (3032) between the first guide plate (3031-a) and the second guide plate (3031-b).
4. The welding tool of claim 2, wherein the set of cantilevers (3032) includes a cantilever base (3032-a), a connection shaft (3032-b), a bearing (3032-c), and a cantilever (3032-d);
the first guide plate (3031-a) is provided with a first connecting hole for mounting the connecting shaft (3032-b), the second guide plate (3031-b) is provided with a second connecting hole for mounting the connecting shaft (3032-b), the connection shaft (3032-b) is arranged between the first guide plate (3031-a) and the second guide plate (3031-b) through the first connection hole and the second connection hole, the cantilever base (3032-a) is mounted on the connecting shaft (3032-b), the cantilever base (3032-a) is provided with a bearing mounting hole for mounting the bearing (3032-c), the bearing (3032-c) is mounted on the connecting shaft (3032-b), and is positioned in the bearing mounting hole, and the cantilever (3032-d) is mounted on the cantilever base (3032-a).
5. The welding tool of claim 4, wherein the set of cantilevers (3032) further comprises a drive member for driving the cantilevers (3032-d) to rotate.
6. The welding tool according to claim 5, characterized in that the driving member is an air cylinder (3032-e), a piston rod of the air cylinder (3032-e) is rotatably connected to the cantilever (3032-d) through an adjusting block (3032-f), and a cylinder body of the air cylinder (3032-e) is rotatably connected to the mechanical fixing group (3031).
7. The welding tool of claim 4, wherein the cantilever (3032-d) is manufactured from a stainless steel square tube.
8. The welding tool of claim 2, wherein the mechanical clamping group (3033) comprises a positioning plate (3033-a), a pressure plate (3033-b), a connector (3033-c), an adjusting screw (3033-d), a first adjusting nut (3033-e), a second adjusting nut (3033-f), and an elastic element (3033-g);
the positioning plate (3033-a) is arranged on the cantilever group (3032) through the connecting piece (3033-c), the pressure plate (3033-b) is rotatably connected with the positioning plate (3033-a), the adjusting screw rod (3033-d) sequentially penetrates through the pressure plate (3033-b), the positioning plate (3033-a), the connecting piece (3033-c) and the cantilever group (3032), a first adjusting nut (3033-e) is installed at one end of the adjusting screw rod (3033-d), a second adjusting nut (3033-f) is installed at the other end of the adjusting screw rod (3033-d), and the elastic element (3033-g) is installed on the adjusting screw rod (3033-d).
9. The welding tooling of claim 1, wherein the positioning structure (302) is a positioning pin provided on the clamping structure (303), the number of the positioning pins is four, and the positioning pins are respectively a first positioning pin (3021), a second positioning pin (3022), a third positioning pin (3023) and a fourth positioning pin (3024), a central connecting line of the first positioning pin (3021) and the second positioning pin (3022) is perpendicular to the third direction (z), and a central connecting line of the third positioning pin (3023) and the fourth positioning pin (3024) is perpendicular to the second direction (y).
10. The welding tool according to claim 1, wherein the limiting structure (203) comprises a first limiting group and a second limiting group, and the first limiting group and the second limiting group are identical in structure;
the first limiting group comprises a limiting block (2033), a fastening plate (2031) and a fastening bolt (2032), a strip-shaped hole (2021) used for adjusting the position of the limiting block (2033) is formed in the supporting plate (202), the limiting block (2033) is in bolt connection with the strip-shaped hole (2021), the plane where the fastening plate (2031) is located is perpendicular to the plane where the supporting plate (202) is located, the fastening bolt (2032) penetrates through the fastening plate (2031) and then contacts with the limiting block, and the fastening bolt (2032) exposed on two sides of the fastening plate (2031) is locked through a locking nut.
11. The welding tool according to claim 1, characterized in that a center positioning block (2022) for improving the relative position accuracy between the adjacent underframe edge beams (400) is further arranged on the supporting plate (202).
12. The welding tooling of claim 1, wherein the first connecting plate (101) and the second connecting plate (102) are identical in structure, and the first mounting plate (201) and the second mounting plate (301) are identical in structure;
first connecting plate (101) are equipped with T type groove (1011) and connect counter bore (1012), be equipped with on first mounting panel (201) with the third connecting hole that T type groove (1011) correspond, T type groove (1011) with the third connecting hole passes through T type groove (1011) bolted connection, connect counter bore (1012) with supporting seat (103) pass through bolted connection.
13. The welding tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the supporting seat (103) is made of a square tube beam, and a sliding groove (1031) for adjusting the positions of the first connecting plate (101) and the second connecting plate (102) is formed in the supporting seat (103).
14. A welding system comprising the welding tool of any one of claims 1 to 13.
15. A positioning method, characterized in that the welding tool according to any one of claims 1 to 13 is used, comprising the steps of:
s1: the supporting plate (202) supports the underframe boundary beam (400);
s2: a limiting structure (203) limits the position of the underframe boundary beam (400) on the supporting plate (202);
s3: the positioning structure (302) positions the rib plate (500) in the second direction (y) and the third direction (z);
s4: judging whether the positioning structure (302) positions the rib plate (500) in the second direction (y) and the third direction (z), if so, executing step S5, otherwise, executing step S3;
s5: a clamping structure (303) clamps the rib plate (500) in a first direction (x);
s6: judging whether the clamping structure (303) clamps the rib plate (500) in the first direction (x), if so, executing step S7, otherwise, executing step S5;
s7: moving the first connecting plate (101) and the second connecting plate (102);
s8: judging whether the welding part of the underframe edge beam (400) and the rib plate (500) corresponds to each other, if so, executing step S9, otherwise, executing step S7;
s9: and (6) ending.
16. A welding method comprising the positioning method of claim 15.
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| CN202011460647.4A CN112589349B (en) | 2020-12-11 | 2020-12-11 | Welding tool, welding system, positioning method and welding method |
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| CN110014255A (en) * | 2018-01-10 | 2019-07-16 | 中集车辆（集团）有限公司 | Semitrailer front frame assembly tooling |
| CN208880029U (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2019-05-21 | 山东欧泰隆重工有限公司 | The automatic positioning of the motor-driven arm of adjustable loading clamps welder equipment |
| CN210587840U (en) * | 2019-08-12 | 2020-05-22 | 宜昌长兴机械制造有限公司 | Tool for welding conveying frame |
| CN110587199B (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2021-07-30 | 中联信达（天津）科技发展有限公司 | Welding tool for left front platform of wind driven generator |
| CN210878344U (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2020-06-30 | 湖南联诚轨道装备有限公司 | Welding tool for clamping piece of transformer core |
| CN111451684A (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-07-28 | 杜宗英 | Intelligent welding accurate workstation of mine belt feeder bracket longeron |
| CN111590260B (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2021-11-09 | 北京地铁车辆装备有限公司 | Tooling equipment for assembling and welding side beam of metro bogie frame |
| CN111644795A (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2020-09-11 | 辽宁忠旺铝合金精深加工有限公司 | Open type aluminum alloy part welding tool and welding process for automobile |
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