CN112588983B - Frock clamp for stamping of aluminum alloy section bar of freezing display cabinet - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a frock clamp for stamping of freezing show cupboard aluminum alloy ex-trusions, the power distribution box comprises a box body, rotate the lead screw that two front and back distributions of installation in the box, one side of box is equipped with can drive lead screw pivoted drive arrangement, the screw at lead screw both ends revolves to opposite, two screws of difference screw thread installation on the lead screw, rotate the coaxial annular plate of installation on the screw, fixed mounting violently manages on the annular plate, violently manage two first pistons of airtight sliding fit installation in the pipe, connecting rod fixed connection is passed through to first piston proximal end, first piston is connected through first spring with violently managing, violently manage one side of periphery and set up the bar spout, sliding fit installation slide bar in the bar spout, the one end and the connecting rod fixed connection. The automatic tool clamp is simple in structure and ingenious in conception, and can automatically adjust the tool clamp according to the channel aluminum with different widths, so that channel aluminum clamping deformation caused by overlarge clamping force on one side is avoided, and the clamping requirements of channel aluminum cross stamping with different widths are met.

Description

Frock clamp for stamping of aluminum alloy section bar of freezing display cabinet

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of tool fixtures, and particularly relates to a tool fixture for stamping aluminum alloy sections of a freezing display cabinet.

Background

Aluminum alloy section bar is the most widely used non ferrous metal structural material in industry, aluminum alloy section bar need carry out the punching press before the equipment is used, so that subsequent equipment, wherein the aluminium alloy section bar of groove (U type) in stamping process, need choose different support positioning fixture for use according to the groove aluminium of different width, when the alternately punching press of the groove aluminium 100 of different width, need frequently change different positioning fixture, influence the punching press processing to groove aluminium 100 greatly, can't satisfy actual demand, so we have invented a frock clamp for freezing show cupboard aluminum alloy section bar punching press processing.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a tool clamp for stamping aluminum alloy sections of a freezing display cabinet, which is used for overcoming the defects in the prior art.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a tooling clamp for stamping aluminum alloy sections of a freezing display cabinet comprises a box body, wherein two lead screws which are distributed front and back are rotatably installed in the box body, a driving device capable of driving the lead screws to rotate is arranged on one side of the box body, the thread turning directions of two ends of each lead screw are opposite, two nuts are respectively installed on the lead screws in a threaded manner, coaxial annular plates are rotatably installed on the nuts, transverse pipes are fixedly installed on the annular plates, two first pistons are installed in the transverse pipes in an airtight sliding fit mode, the adjacent ends of the first pistons are fixedly connected through connecting rods, the first pistons are connected with the transverse pipes through first springs, strip-shaped sliding grooves are formed in one sides of the peripheries of the transverse pipes, sliding rods are installed in the strip-shaped sliding grooves in a sliding fit mode, one ends of the sliding rods are fixedly connected with the connecting rods, coaxial gears are fixedly installed on the nuts, rack plates are fixedly installed at the other ends; violently go up fixed mounting piston pipe, the one end of piston pipe is linked together with the one end of violently managing, sliding gas-tight fit installation second piston in the piston pipe, the both sides of second piston are equipped with the spacing ring on the fixed mounting piston pipe respectively, the one end of the outside fixed connection piston rod of second piston, the bar that two front and back distributions were seted up to the top side of box passes through the groove, two slides of slidable mounting in the groove are passed through to the bar, the lower extreme of slide and the other end fixed connection of the piston rod that corresponds, the bottom side of the top side fixed connection splint of slide, the piston rod is connected through the second spring with the piston pipe.

According to the frock clamp for stamping of the aluminum alloy section of the freezing display cabinet, the driving device comprises the motor, the motor is fixedly installed on the box body, two ends of the screw rod are respectively and rotatably connected with the box body through the bearings, the outer end of the rotating shaft of the motor penetrates through the box body and is fixedly connected with one end of one of the screw rods, one end of the periphery of the screw rod is respectively and fixedly provided with the transmission gear, and the transmission gears are meshed and matched with each other.

According to the frock clamp for stamping the aluminum alloy section of the freezing display cabinet, a row of optical axes distributed front and back are arranged above the box body, the two ends of each optical axis are fixedly arranged on the top side of the box body through the support, the clamping plates are correspondingly provided with the through holes respectively, linear bearings are fixedly arranged in the through holes respectively, the optical axes penetrate through the corresponding linear bearings, and the inner peripheries of the linear bearings are in sliding contact with the outer peripheries of the corresponding optical axes.

According to the frock clamp for stamping the aluminum alloy section of the freezing display cabinet, the inner sides of the clamping plates are respectively provided with a row of strip-shaped grooves distributed front and back, the supporting rollers are rotatably arranged in the strip-shaped grooves, and the opposite sides of the supporting rollers protrude out of the strip-shaped grooves.

According to the frock clamp for stamping the aluminum alloy section of the freezing display cabinet, the upper ends of the opposite sides of the middle two clamping plates are respectively and fixedly provided with the row of the plurality of the strip-shaped plates, the top sides of the strip-shaped plates and the top sides of the clamping plates are in the same plane, and the strip-shaped plates on the left side and the right side are distributed in a front-back cross mode one by one.

According to the frock clamp for stamping the aluminum alloy section of the freezing display cabinet, the piston pipes are respectively and fixedly provided with the sliding blocks, and the sliding blocks can only slide left and right in the corresponding strip-shaped through grooves.

The invention has the advantages that: the automatic tool clamp is simple in structure and ingenious in conception, and can automatically adjust the tool clamp according to the channel aluminum with different widths, so that channel aluminum clamping deformation caused by overlarge clamping force on one side is avoided, and the clamping requirements of channel aluminum cross stamping with different widths are met. When the punching machine is used, the box body is fixedly arranged on the punching machine, and the middle of the two clamping plates in the middle is positioned right below the punch of the punching machine; then the channel aluminum is placed above the clamping plates as shown in the figure, then the screw rods are driven to rotate in the positive direction through the driving device, the rotating directions of the two screw rods are opposite, so that the screw nuts on the front side move in the back direction, the screw nuts on the rear side move in the opposite direction, the screw nuts drive the clamping plates to move through the transverse pipe, the piston pipe, the second piston, the piston rod, the second spring and the sliding plate, the two clamping plates in the middle move in the back direction, the two clamping plates on the two ends move in the opposite direction, when the inner side of the channel aluminum is firstly in contact fit with the clamping surface of one clamping plate in the middle, the opposite sides of the two clamping plates on the left side and the opposite sides of the two clamping plates on the right side are clamping surfaces, the clamping plates drive the channel aluminum to move, after the left side and the right side of the inner wall of the channel aluminum are respectively in contact fit with the clamping surfaces corresponding to the two clamping plates in the, the splint drives the second piston to move inwards along the piston tube through the sliding plate and the piston rod, the outer end of the second piston is separated from the limiting ring on the outer side, the second spring is stretched, the gas in the piston tube is compressed, the compressed gas enters one end of the transverse tube and pushes the first piston to move outwards, the first spring is stretched, the first piston pushes the gas in the other end of the transverse tube into the rubber air tube to increase the air pressure in the rubber air tube and pushes the first piston at the inner end of the transverse tube corresponding to the splint at the two ends outwards, the first spring is compressed, so that the meshing area of the rack plates and the gears at the two ends is increased, meanwhile, the first piston in the middle drives the rack plates outwards through the connecting rod and the sliding rod until the inner end of the second piston is in contact fit with the limiting ring on the inner side, the rack plates are separated from the gears, the limitation on the gears is removed, the nuts start to drive the gears to rotate along with, the clamping plates at the two ends continuously move in opposite directions until the clamping surfaces of the clamping plates at the two ends are in contact fit with the left side and the right side of the outer side of the channel aluminum, the clamping plates at the two ends start to drive the second pistons to move outwards along the piston tubes, the inner ends of the second pistons at the two ends are in contact fit with the limiting rings at the inner sides, the pressure intensity of the first piston in the middle is the same as that of the first pistons at the two ends, the first piston in the middle moves inwards along the transverse tubes, the first piston is not completely reset, but the rack plate in the middle is in meshing fit with the gear again, the rack plate and the gear are in meshing fit at the moment, the clamping force of the clamping plates on the channel aluminum is gradually increased along with the continuous forward rotation of the lead screw, so that the clamping and fixing of the channel aluminum are completed, when the lead screw is reversely rotated by the driving device, the clamping plates at the middle move in opposite directions, the clamping plates at the two ends move in, the splint at both ends remove in opposite directions, and it is fixed to accomplish the centre gripping of groove aluminium fast, and when more narrow groove aluminium, the splint of centre earlier with the cooperation of groove aluminium contact, the splint at both ends again with the cooperation of groove aluminium contact, then accomplish the centre gripping, otherwise, when changing more wide groove aluminium, the reverse order of above-mentioned process goes on, the splint at both ends earlier with the cooperation of groove aluminium contact, middle splint again with the cooperation of groove aluminium contact, then it is fixed to accomplish the centre gripping.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention; fig. 2 is an enlarged view of part i of fig. 1.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

A frock clamp for stamping aluminum alloy sections of a freezing display cabinet comprises a box body 1, two lead screws 2 which are distributed front and back are rotatably installed in the box body 1, a driving device capable of driving the lead screws 2 to rotate is arranged on one side of the box body 1, the thread turning directions of two ends of the lead screws 2 are opposite, two nuts 3 are respectively installed on the lead screws 2 in a threaded manner, the nuts 3 on the same lead screws 2 can move in opposite directions and move in opposite directions, coaxial annular plates 4 are installed on the nuts 3 in a rotating manner, one end of the periphery of each nut 3 is connected with the inner periphery of each annular plate 4 in a rotating manner through a bearing, transverse pipes 5 are fixedly installed on the annular plates 4, the top sides of the annular plates 4 are fixedly connected with one ends of the bottom sides of the transverse pipes 5, one ends of the transverse pipes 5 are closed, the other ends of the transverse pipes 5 are opened, two first pistons 6 are installed in an airtight sliding fit manner in the transverse pipes 5, a first piston 6 close to the closed end of the transverse pipe 5 is connected with the closed end of the transverse pipe 5 through a first spring 8, a strip-shaped sliding groove 9 is formed in one side of the periphery of the transverse pipe 5, a sliding rod 10 is installed in the strip-shaped sliding groove 9 in a sliding fit mode, one end of the sliding rod 10 is fixedly connected with a connecting rod 7, a coaxial gear 11 is fixedly installed on a screw 3, a rack plate 12 is fixedly installed at the other end of the sliding rod 10, the rack plate 12 is meshed and matched with the gear 11, and the other ends of the front transverse pipe 5 and the rear transverse pipe 5; a piston tube 14 is fixedly arranged on the transverse tube 5, the bottom side of the piston tube 14 is fixedly connected with the top side of the transverse tube 5, one end of the piston tube 14 is communicated with one end of the transverse tube 5, one end of the piston tube 14 and one end of the transverse tube 5 are respectively provided with a reserved opening, the inside of one end of the transverse tube 5 at one end of the piston tube 14 is communicated with one end of the transverse tube 5 through the reserved opening, a second piston 15 is arranged in the piston tube 14 in a sliding and airtight fit manner, two sides of the second piston 15 are respectively provided with a limiting ring 16 fixedly arranged on the piston tube 14, the outer side of the second piston 15 is fixedly connected with one end of a piston rod 17, the top side of the box body 1 is provided with two strip-shaped through grooves 18 which are distributed front and back, two sliding plates 19 are arranged in the strip-shaped through grooves 18 in a sliding manner, the lower ends of the sliding plates, the piston rod 17 is connected to the piston tube 14 by a second spring 23. The automatic adjusting tool clamp is simple in structure and ingenious in conception, and can automatically adjust the tool clamp according to the channel aluminum 100 with different widths, so that the clamping deformation of the channel aluminum 100 caused by overlarge clamping force on one side is avoided, and the clamping requirements of the channel aluminum 100 with different widths in cross stamping are met. When the invention is used, firstly, the box body 1 is fixedly arranged on a punching machine tool, and the middle of the two clamping plates 20 in the middle is positioned right below a punch of the punching machine tool; then the channel aluminum 100 is placed above the clamping plates 20 as shown in fig. 1, then the screw rods 2 are driven by the driving device to rotate in the forward direction, the rotation directions of the two screw rods 2 are opposite, so that the screw nut 3 on the front side moves back to back, the screw nut 3 on the rear side moves towards each other, the screw nut 3 drives the clamping plates 20 to move through the transverse pipe 5, the piston pipe 14, the second piston 15, the piston rod 17, the second spring 23 and the sliding plate 19, the two clamping plates 20 in the middle move back to back, the two clamping plates 20 at the two ends move towards each other, when the inner side of the channel aluminum 100 is firstly contacted and matched with the clamping surface of the clamping plate 20 in the middle, the opposite sides of the two clamping plates 20 on the left side and the opposite sides of the two clamping plates 20 on the right side are clamping surfaces, the clamping plates 20 drive the channel aluminum 100 to move, and after the left and right sides of the inner wall of the channel aluminum 100 are respectively contacted and matched with the corresponding clamping surfaces of the, the positioning of the channel aluminum 100 is completed, the clamping plates 20 continuously move back to back along with the two clamping plates 20 in the middle, the clamping plates 20 drive the second piston 15 to move inwards along the piston tube 14 through the sliding plate 19 and the piston rod 17, the outer end of the second piston 15 is separated from the limiting ring 16 on the outer side, the second spring 23 is stretched, the gas in the piston tube 14 is compressed, the compressed gas enters one end of the transverse tube 5 and pushes the first piston 6 to move outwards, the first spring 8 is stretched, the first piston 6 pushes the gas in the other end of the transverse tube 5 into the rubber air tube 13, the air pressure in the rubber air tube 13 is increased, the first pistons 6 on the inner ends of the transverse tubes 5 corresponding to the clamping plates 20 on the two ends are pushed outwards, the first spring 8 is compressed, the meshing area of the rack plates 12 on the two ends and the gear 11 is increased, meanwhile, the first piston 6 in the middle drives the rack plates 12 to outwards through the connecting rod 7 and the sliding rod 10, until the inner ends of the second piston 15 are in, the rack plate 12 is separated from the gear 11, the limit of the gear 11 is released, the screw 3 starts to drive the gear 11 to rotate along with the screw 2, at the moment, the middle clamping plate 20 stops moving, the clamping plates 20 at the two ends continuously move towards each other, the clamping surfaces of the clamping plates 20 at the two ends are in contact fit with the left side and the right side of the outer side of the channel aluminum 100, the clamping plates 20 at the two ends start to drive the second piston 15 to move outwards along the piston pipe 14, the inner ends of the second pistons 15 at the two ends are in contact fit with the limiting ring 16 at the inner side, at the moment, the pressure intensity of the middle first piston 6 and the pressure intensity of the first pistons 6 at the two ends are the same, the middle first piston 6 moves inwards along the transverse pipe 5, the first piston 6 is not completely reset, but the middle rack plate 12 is in re-engagement fit with the gear 11, at the moment, the rack plate 12 is in engagement fit with the gear 11, and continuously, therefore, clamping and fixing of the groove aluminum 100 are completed, when the screw rod 2 rotates reversely by the driving device, the middle clamping plates 20 move oppositely, the clamping plates 20 at the two ends move oppositely, when the screw rod 2 rotates normally again by the driving device and the width of the groove aluminum 100 is unchanged, the middle clamping plates 20 move oppositely, the clamping plates 20 at the two ends move oppositely, clamping and fixing of the groove aluminum are completed rapidly, when the narrower groove aluminum 100 is replaced, the middle clamping plates 20 are firstly in contact fit with the groove aluminum 100, the clamping plates 20 at the two ends are then in contact fit with the groove aluminum 100, then clamping is completed, otherwise, when the wider groove aluminum 100 is replaced, the processes are carried out in reverse order, the clamping plates 20 at the two ends are firstly in contact fit with the groove aluminum 100, the middle clamping plates 20 are then in contact fit with the groove aluminum 100, and then clamping and fixing are completed.

Specifically, as shown in the figure, the driving device in this embodiment includes a motor 21, the motor 21 is fixedly installed on the box body 1, two ends of the lead screw 2 are rotatably connected with the box body 1 through bearings, the outer end of the rotating shaft of the motor 21 penetrates through the box body 1 and is fixedly connected with one end of one of the lead screws 2, one end of the outer periphery of the lead screw 2 is fixedly installed with a transmission gear 22, and the transmission gears 22 are engaged with each other. The motor 21 is electrified, so that the rotating shaft of the motor 21 drives one of the lead screws 2 to rotate forwards and backwards, the lead screws 2 drive the other lead screw 2 to rotate reversely through the transmission gear 22, and the two lead screws 2 synchronously rotate reversely.

Specifically, as shown in the figure, a row of optical axes 30 distributed in the front and back are arranged above the box body 1 in the embodiment, two ends of each optical axis 30 are fixedly mounted on the top side of the box body 1 through a support 31, through holes 32 are respectively formed in the clamping plates 20 corresponding to the optical axes 30, linear bearings 33 are respectively fixedly mounted in the through holes 32, the optical axes 30 pass through the corresponding linear bearings 33, and the inner peripheries of the linear bearings 33 are in sliding contact with the outer peripheries of the corresponding optical axes 30. When the clamping plate 20 moves left and right, the linear bearing 33 is driven to move left and right along the optical axis 30, so that the stability of the clamping plate 20 moving left and right is improved.

Further, as shown in the figure, a row of a plurality of strip-shaped grooves 40 distributed front and back are respectively formed on the inner side of the clamping plate 20 in the embodiment, a supporting roller 41 is rotatably installed in the strip-shaped groove 40, the upper end and the lower end of the supporting roller 41 are rotatably connected with the upper end and the lower end corresponding to the strip-shaped groove 40 through a bearing, and the strip-shaped groove 40 protrudes from the opposite side of the supporting roller 41. The clamping plate 20 forms clamping force on the workpiece through the supporting roller 41, so that the workpiece can move back and forth conveniently, and the supporting roller 41 is driven to rotate in the strip-shaped groove 40 during the back and forth movement of the workpiece.

Further, as shown in the figure, two in the middle of this embodiment the upper end of the opposite side of splint 20 is fixed mounting a row of several shaped plate 50 respectively, and the top side of shaped plate 50 and the top side of splint 20 are in the coplanar, and the shaped plate 50 of the left and right sides is the crisscross distribution one by one, makes shaped plate 50 avoid the punching press position distribution of work piece, prevents that shaped plate 50 from blockking the punching press to the work piece. The strip-shaped plates 50 can increase the support property in the middle of the workpiece, and when the two clamping plates 20 in the middle move back to back, the crossed and overlapped positions of the strip-shaped plates 50 on the left side and the right side are gradually reduced.

Furthermore, as shown in the drawings, the piston tubes 14 of the present embodiment are respectively and fixedly installed with the sliding blocks 60, and the sliding blocks 60 can only slide left and right in the corresponding strip-shaped through grooves 18. When the piston tube 14 moves left and right, the sliding block 60 is driven to slide left and right in the strip-shaped through groove 18, so that the stability of the left and right movement of the piston tube 14 is improved.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. The utility model provides a frock clamp for stamping of freezing show cupboard aluminum alloy ex-trusions which characterized in that: comprises a box body (1), two lead screws (2) distributed in the front and back are rotatably arranged in the box body (1), a driving device capable of driving the lead screws (2) to rotate is arranged on one side of the box body (1), the screw thread turning directions of the two ends of the lead screws (2) are opposite, two nuts (3) are respectively and threadedly arranged on the lead screws (2), coaxial annular plates (4) are rotatably arranged on the nuts (3), transverse pipes (5) are fixedly arranged on the annular plates (4), two first pistons (6) are arranged in the transverse pipes (5) in an airtight sliding fit manner, the adjacent ends of the first pistons (6) are fixedly connected through connecting rods (7), the first pistons (6) are connected with the transverse pipes (5) through first springs (8), one ends of the transverse pipes (5) are closed, the other ends of the transverse pipes are open, the first pistons (6) close to the closed ends of the transverse pipes (5) are connected with the closed ends of the transverse pipes, one side of the periphery of the transverse pipe (5) is provided with a strip-shaped sliding groove (9), a sliding rod (10) is installed in the strip-shaped sliding groove (9) in a sliding fit mode, one end of the sliding rod (10) is fixedly connected with a connecting rod (7), a coaxial gear (11) is fixedly installed on the screw nut (3), a rack plate (12) is fixedly installed at the other end of the sliding rod (10), the rack plate (12) is meshed and matched with the gear (11), and the other ends of the front transverse pipe and the rear transverse pipe (5) which are adjacent are communicated and connected through a rubber air pipe (; fixed mounting piston pipe (14) on violently pipe (5), the one end of piston pipe (14) is linked together with the one end of violently pipe (5), sliding gas-tight fit installation second piston (15) in piston pipe (14), the both sides of second piston (15) are equipped with spacing ring (16) on fixed mounting piston pipe (14) respectively, the one end of outside fixed connection piston rod (17) of second piston (15), two bar penetrating groove (18) that distribute around the top side of box (1) is seted up, two slide (19) of sliding mounting in the bar penetrating groove (18), the lower extreme of slide (19) and the other end fixed connection of the piston rod (17) that corresponds, the bottom side of top side fixed connection splint (20) of slide (19), piston rod (17) are connected through second spring (23) with piston pipe (14).

2. The tool clamp for stamping the aluminum alloy section of the freezing display cabinet as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tool clamp comprises: the driving device comprises a motor (21), the motor (21) is fixedly installed on the box body (1), two ends of the lead screw (2) are rotatably connected with the box body (1) through bearings respectively, the outer end of a rotating shaft of the motor (21) penetrates through the box body (1) and is fixedly connected with one end of one lead screw (2), one end of the periphery of the lead screw (2) is fixedly provided with a transmission gear (22) respectively, and the transmission gear (22) are meshed and matched with each other.

3. The tool clamp for stamping the aluminum alloy section of the freezing display cabinet as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tool clamp comprises: the top of box (1) is equipped with optical axis (30) that a row of several front and back distributed, and support (31) fixed mounting box (1) top side is passed through at the both ends of optical axis (30), and through-hole (32) are seted up respectively to corresponding optical axis (30) on splint (20), and fixed mounting linear bearing (33) are respectively in through-hole (32), and optical axis (30) pass in from corresponding linear bearing (33), and the interior week of linear bearing (33) and the periphery sliding contact cooperation of the optical axis (30) that corresponds.

4. The tool clamp for stamping the aluminum alloy section of the freezing display cabinet as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tool clamp comprises: the inner side of the clamping plate (20) is respectively provided with a row of strip-shaped grooves (40) distributed front and back, supporting rollers (41) are rotatably arranged in the strip-shaped grooves (40), and the opposite sides of the supporting rollers (41) protrude out of the strip-shaped grooves (40).

5. The tool clamp for stamping the aluminum alloy section of the freezing display cabinet as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tool clamp comprises: two in the middle the upper end of the opposite side of splint (20) is fixed mounting a row of several bar (50) respectively, and the top side of bar (50) and the top side of splint (20) are in the coplanar, and the bar (50) of the left and right sides are crisscross distribution one by one.

6. The tool clamp for stamping the aluminum alloy section of the freezing display cabinet as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tool clamp comprises: and the piston pipes (14) are respectively and fixedly provided with a sliding block (60), and the sliding blocks (60) can only slide left and right in the corresponding strip-shaped through grooves (18).

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