Advanced special equipment for large-area preparation of perovskite solar cell
Technical Field
The invention relates to solar cell preparation equipment, in particular to novel perovskite solar cell technology and equipment manufacturing, and belongs to the technical field of photoelectricity.
Background
The solar cell has the advantages of inexhaustibility and inexhaustibility, and thus is a research hotspot in the field of new energy. The solar cell which is most popular in the industry at present still belongs to a silicon-based solar cell, and occupies most of the photovoltaic market. Then, despite technical research for decades, silicon-based solar cells still cannot be compared with traditional hydroelectric power generation cost, wherein the main reason is that silicon-based refining cost is high, and based on the situation, the scientific community continuously searches for new consensus of scientists of photovoltaic material cost.
2009 Japanese scientist Miyasaka et al utilized organic-inorganic hybrid CH3NH3PbI3And CH3NH3PbBr3The perovskite solar cell with the photoelectric conversion efficiency of about 4% is prepared as a dye agent. After strategies such as material improvement, preparation method improvement, interface regulation and other technical optimization, the perovskite solar cell has a recent photoelectric conversion efficiency reaching a level of 25.6%. The preparation method for preparing the perovskite solar cell comprises a plurality of methods such as a one-step method, a two-step continuous deposition method, a vacuum evaporation method and the like, the methods still stay in the preparation of small areas in a laboratory at present, the common equipment is a spin coater, and the small-area preparation is carried out by a rotary coating method. In addition, the preparation of the perovskite solar cell material has severe environmental requirements, and the perovskite solar cell material can generate chemical reaction when meeting water, oxygen and the like to generateThe resulting perovskite raw material is decomposed. The manufacturing environment for such cells is typically conducted in a glove box filled with nitrogen. In order to prepare a large-area perovskite solar cell, development of a novel special device with a small cavity has very important scientific and industrial significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of inventing advanced equipment for preparing a perovskite solar cell on a large surface and solving the problem of preparing a small-area perovskite thin film in a glove box by spin coating by using a spin coater in a laboratory.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is advanced equipment for preparing the perovskite solar cell on a large surface, and the equipment comprises a preparation chamber, a sample preparation chamber, a heating chamber, a glass cavity, a heating plate, a panel control module and the like.
The preparation chamber mainly comprises a preparation chamber sample transmitter, an air inlet of protective gas such as nitrogen or argon and the like.
The sample preparation chamber mainly comprises a sample preparation chamber heating plate, a scraper, a nitrogen air knife, a solution funnel, a sample preparation chamber sample transmitter and the like.
The heating chamber mainly comprises a heating chamber sample transmitter, a heating chamber heating plate and the like.
The heating plate comprises a preparation chamber heating plate, a sample preparation chamber heating plate, a heating chamber heating plate and the like, the temperatures of the three chambers are mutually independent and do not interfere with each other, and the temperatures of the three chambers can be adjusted and controlled from room temperature to 200 ℃.
The glass cavity is mainly used for controlling gas in the cavity, so that the gas is nitrogen or inert gas and is prevented from being communicated with the atmosphere.
Further, the scraper controls the height of the edge and the glass substrate through a scraper lifter so that the scraper can move upwards and downwards.
Furthermore, the nitrogen knife controls the speed of the nitrogen inlet flow and the nitrogen outlet flow through a gas control device.
Furthermore, the heating plate of the sample preparation chamber has the double functions of heating and fixing a sample and comprises a resistance wire, an air hole, an air pump and the like.
Further, the solution funnel has two functions, one function is to provide the existence of the solution and to drip and sprinkle on the glass substrate of the solar cell according to the requirement, and the other function is to heat the stored solution, and the heating temperature can be adjusted from room temperature to 100 ℃.
The panel control module comprises a temperature control module, a sample transmission module, a scraper control module, a nitrogen air knife control module, a solution control module and the like.
Furthermore, the temperature control module is composed of a preparation chamber temperature, a sample preparation chamber temperature, a heating chamber temperature and the like.
Furthermore, the sample transmission module comprises a preparation chamber sample transmission module, a sample preparation chamber sample transmission module, a heating chamber sample transmission module and the like.
Further, the scraper control module is composed of speed control, position control and the like.
Furthermore, the nitrogen cutter module is composed of speed control, air volume control and the like.
Principles and advantages
The principle of the invention is as follows: the invention uses the door-opening button in the panel control module, after the door is opened, the glass substrate to be prepared is placed in the preparation chamber, the air inlet switch of the preparation chamber is opened, nitrogen or inert gas is flowed into the preparation chamber, the sample preparation chamber and the heating chamber (three chambers are communicated, the door is not arranged in the middle), after the box body is fully filled with protective gas, the glass substrate is transmitted to the sample preparation chamber by the sample transmitter of the preparation chamber, after the substrate reaches the sample preparation chamber, the heating switch of the sample preparation chamber in the panel control module is opened, the temperature of the heating switch is controlled at the preset temperature, the temperature switch in the solution funnel is opened, the temperature is controlled between 40 ℃ and 70 ℃, after the temperature reaches the set temperature, the solution is automatically dropped onto the glass substrate by the solution automatic opening switch, the scraper, the nitrogen and other switches are opened, when the scraper speed and the nitrogen air volume are moderate, and (3) carrying out scraper coating at a set speed to finish the preparation of the film, after the film is formed, transferring the glass substrate to a heating chamber through a sample actuator, controlling the temperature and time of the heating chamber to be the set annealing temperature and time of the film, and after the film is formed, transferring the film to a preparation chamber through the sample actuator of the heating chamber to prepare a functional layer below the perovskite film. And circulating in this way to finish the preparation of each functional layer of the perovskite solar cell.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the area of the perovskite solar cell prepared by the special equipment is far larger than that of the perovskite solar cell prepared by the spin coater, and the area of the solar cell prepared by the spin coater is usually 0.1cm2The area of the solar cell prepared by the invention is from 0.1cm2To 243cm2Is adjustable. Meanwhile, the glass cavity used by the invention is far smaller than that of the glove box, so that a large amount of nitrogen is saved. Compared with a non-perovskite solar cell blade coater, the special equipment invents the nitrogen protection device, the nitrogen knife device, the sample preparation chamber, the heating chamber, the sample automatic driver and the sample fixer, can continuously realize the preparation of each functional layer of the perovskite solar cell, does not need a high-power dehumidification system, saves energy cost, improves quality and provides good special equipment for the industrial development of the perovskite solar cell.
Detailed description and examples
An embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to fig. 1-4, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto.
Drawings
FIG. 1: structural schematic diagram of special equipment for perovskite solar cell
FIG. 2: schematic view of heating plate structure of sample preparation chamber
FIG. 3: schematic view of scraper structure
FIG. 4: schematic structure of panel control module
1-preparation chamber, 2-sample preparation chamber, 3-heating chamber, 4-preparation chamber heating plate, 5-glass cavity, 6-control panel module, 7-air inlet, 8-preparation chamber sample transmitter, 9-scraper, 10-nitrogen air knife, 11-solution funnel, 12-door, 13-water oxygen meter, 14-sample preparation chamber heating plate, 15-heating chamber sample transmitter, 16-heating chamber heating plate, 17-sample preparation chamber sample transmitter, 18-air pump, 19-heating wire, 20-air hole, 21-knife edge, 22-scraper lifting controller, 23-support frame
Example 1
The invention relates to advanced special equipment for preparing a perovskite solar cell on a large surface, which comprises a preparation chamber 1, a sample preparation chamber 2, a heating chamber 3, a glass cavity 15, a control panel module 6 and the like, as shown in figure 1.
The preparation chamber 1 mainly comprises a preparation chamber sample transmitter 8, an air inlet 7 of protective gas such as nitrogen or argon and the like. The device is mainly used for storing various solutions, glass substrates and other necessary articles before experimental preparation.
Preferably, the pre-chamber sample transfer 8 is used primarily to transfer glass substrates between the preparation chamber 2 and the pre-chamber 1.
Preferably, the air inlet 7 is communicated with external nitrogen or inert gas, and the nitrogen or inert gas is mainly used for protecting functional layers of the perovskite solar cell from being oxidized or corroded and deteriorated by air during preparation. When the concentration of the nitrogen gas charged reaches the standard of the water oxygen meter 13, the preparation is considered to be completed.
The sample preparation chamber 2 mainly comprises a sample preparation chamber heating plate 14, a scraper 9, a nitrogen knife 10, a solution funnel 11, a sample preparation chamber sample transmission device 17 and the like.
Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the heating plate 14 of the sample preparation chamber has dual functions of heating and sample fixing. It is composed of an air pump 18, a resistance wire 19 and an air hole 20. After the sample is placed on the heating plate 14 of the sample chamber, the air pump 18 is started to suck the sample glass substrate, so as to prevent the glass substrate from moving due to liquid viscous force in the scraping process of the scraper, and further prevent the quality of the deposited film from being influenced.
Further, as shown in fig. 3, the doctor blade 9 is composed of a blade 21, a blade lift controller 22, and a holder 23. The height of the blade 21 and the glass substrate is adjusted by a blade elevation controller 22. The blade 21 determines the thickness of the film to be coated, together with the height of the glass, the concentration of the solution, the speed of the doctor blade, and the like.
Further, the nitrogen knife 10 controls the speed of the nitrogen inlet flow and the nitrogen outlet flow through a gas control device. The nitrogen air knife 10 of the invention is designed to accelerate the drying of wet perovskite thin films by nitrogen gas, thereby obtaining high quality perovskite thin films. Other functional layers of the perovskite solar cell optionally turn on the nitrogen gas knife 10.
Further, the solution hopper 10 has a dual function of heating the coated precursor solution and storing the solution. The perovskite precursor solution is generally heated to 50-80 ℃, and the precursor solution of other functional layers of the perovskite solar cell is determined according to specific conditions.
The heating chamber 3 mainly comprises a heating chamber sample transmitter 15, a heating chamber heating plate 16 and the like.
Further, the heating chamber heating plate 16 mainly functions to perform a heating annealing process on the film just coated in the sample preparation chamber. The heating temperature can be adjusted from room temperature to 200 ℃.
The heating temperatures of the preparation chamber heating plate 4, the sample preparation chamber heating plate 14 and the heating chamber heating plate 16 are independently controlled, the mutual influence is avoided, and the temperature is controllable from room temperature to 200 ℃.
The glass cavity 5 is made of toughened glass, and aims to ensure that the gas in the three chambers is nitrogen or inert gas so as to ensure that the perovskite film and other functional layer films are not damaged by humidity, oxygen and the like in the air. The three chambers are not provided with doors and are communicated with each other. A door 12 is opened in the preparation chamber 2 in order to facilitate the preparation of the various tasks for preparing the film.
Referring to fig. 4, the panel control module 6 is composed of a temperature control module, a sample transmission module, a scraper control module, a nitrogen knife control module, a solution control module, and the like.
Further, the temperature control module is composed of a preparation chamber temperature, a sample preparation chamber temperature, a heating chamber temperature and the like.
Furthermore, the sample transmission module comprises a preparation chamber sample transmission, a sample preparation chamber sample transmission, a hot chamber transmission and the like.
Further, the scraper control module is composed of speed control, position control and the like.
Furthermore, the nitrogen knife control module is composed of speed control, air volume control and the like.
Further, the solution control module is composed of capacity control, temperature control and the like.
The above disclosure is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and any local variation of those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.