CN112578730A - Method for quickly converting reference coordinates in self-adaptive machining - Google Patents
Method for quickly converting reference coordinates in self-adaptive machining Download PDFInfo
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- CN112578730A CN112578730A CN202011281918.XA CN202011281918A CN112578730A CN 112578730 A CN112578730 A CN 112578730A CN 202011281918 A CN202011281918 A CN 202011281918A CN 112578730 A CN112578730 A CN 112578730A
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/36—Nc in input of data, input key till input tape
- G05B2219/36252—Generate machining program based on a simulation to optimize a machine parameter
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for quickly converting a reference coordinate in self-adaptive machining, which belongs to the technical field of machining and comprises the following steps: 1) building a three-dimensional scanning system workbench and a machine tool workbench; 2) establishing a theoretical model and a theoretical coordinate system, and setting a production numerical control machining program according to the theoretical model and the theoretical coordinate system; 3) placing a part to be processed on a three-dimensional scanning system workbench, performing three-dimensional scanning to form a solid model, and establishing a solid coordinate system; 4) and comparing and fitting the solid model and the theoretical model, calculating a coordinate deviation value between the solid coordinate system and the theoretical coordinate system, and biasing the coordinate deviation value to the program origin of the numerical control machining program to machine the part. The method can ensure the processing precision of the parts, and the operation process and the operation principle are simple.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of machining, and relates to a reference conversion method in machining, in particular to a quick conversion method of a reference coordinate in self-adaptive machining.
Background
The method for converting the part processing reference coordinate in the prior art comprises the following steps: the part is placed on a workbench and fixed, and three standard balls are respectively placed at three angles of the workbench. The part and the three standard balls are scanned using a three-dimensional scanning system to form a solid model. The solid model and theoretical model of the part (without three standard spheres) were best fit. And for parts with uniform allowance at each part, establishing a theoretical coordinate system by using three balls in the theoretical model, and programming a numerical control program for machine tool machining under the coordinate system. And using a travelling crane to transport the whole workbench to the workbench of the machine tool. And (3) aligning the three standard balls by using a machine tool measuring head, establishing a physical coordinate system which is the same as the theoretical coordinate system, and processing the part by using a numerical control program.
In the prior art, the workbench needs to be carried by a travelling crane, and meanwhile, a standard ball needs to be aligned to establish a real coordinate system of each part, so that the operation process is complex, time and labor are consumed, errors in the alignment process are large, and the machining precision of the parts is low.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems that the operation process is complex and the error in the alignment process is large in the alignment process of the standard ball in the prior art, the invention provides a method for quickly converting a reference coordinate in self-adaptive machining, wherein a physical coordinate system is fixed on one point of a machine tool through a quick-change tool system, and the establishment process of the physical coordinate system is not required to be carried out once for each part, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
the method for quickly converting the reference coordinate in the self-adaptive machining comprises the following steps:
1) building a three-dimensional scanning system workbench and a machine tool workbench;
2) establishing a theoretical model and a theoretical coordinate system, and setting a production numerical control machining program according to the theoretical model and the theoretical coordinate system;
3) placing a part to be processed on a three-dimensional scanning system workbench, performing three-dimensional scanning to form a solid model, and establishing a solid coordinate system;
4) and comparing and fitting the solid model and the theoretical model, calculating a coordinate deviation value between the solid coordinate system and the theoretical coordinate system, and biasing the coordinate deviation value to the program origin of the numerical control machining program to machine the part.
Further limiting, the step 1) is specifically as follows: and a three-dimensional scanning working base and a machine tool working base are respectively fixed above the three-dimensional scanning system workbench and the machine tool workbench, and trays are respectively placed above the three-dimensional scanning working base and the machine tool working base.
Further limiting, the step 2) is specifically: establishing a theoretical model for the tray and the part to be processed, setting a theoretical coordinate system according to a specific angle of the tray of the theoretical model, and setting a production numerical control processing program according to the theoretical model and the theoretical coordinate system.
Further limiting, the step 3) is specifically: the method comprises the steps of placing a part to be processed in a tray above a three-dimensional scanning working base, carrying out three-dimensional scanning on the tray and the part to be processed to form a solid model of the tray and the part to be processed, and establishing a solid coordinate system according to a specific tray angle of the solid model.
Further limiting, the step 4) is specifically: and comparing and fitting the entity model and the theoretical model, calculating a coordinate deviation value between a tray specific angle of the entity coordinate system and a tray specific angle of the theoretical coordinate system, wherein the coordinate deviation value comprises a coordinate point deviation of the tray specific angle and a coordinate angle deviation of the tray specific angle, and offsetting a program origin of the numerical control machining program to the coordinate deviation value to perform part machining.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method comprises the steps of establishing a theoretical model, a theoretical coordinate system, a solid model and a solid coordinate system, comparing and fitting the solid model and the theoretical model, calculating a coordinate deviation value between the solid coordinate system and the theoretical coordinate system, and then biasing the coordinate deviation value to a program origin of a numerical control processing program, namely, rapidly converting the references of the solid coordinate system and the theoretical coordinate system in the production numerical control processing program to realize the processing of parts, and ensuring the processing precision of the parts by adjusting the program origin in the production numerical control processing program, wherein the operation process and the operation principle are simple.
2. The method of the invention does not need to arrange and carry the whole workbench, and only needs to move the parts to be processed and the tray from the three-dimensional scanning working base to the machine tool working base, thereby avoiding the processing error formed in the arranging and carrying process and saving time and labor.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for fast conversion of reference coordinates in adaptive machining according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a first process schematic of a fast switching method;
FIG. 3 is a process diagram II of the fast switching method;
FIG. 4 is a process diagram of the fast switching method;
fig. 5 is a process diagram of the fast switching method.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be further explained below with reference to the drawings and examples, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments explained below.
Referring to fig. 1, the method for fast converting the reference coordinate in the adaptive machining of the present invention includes the following steps:
1) building a three-dimensional scanning system workbench, a machine tool workbench, two working bases and a tray; fixing a part to be processed on a tray; note: in the whole scanning and machining process, parts are fixed on the tray, and the parts are taken down from the tray after being machined.
2) Establishing a theoretical model and a theoretical coordinate system, and generating a numerical control machining program according to the theoretical model and the theoretical coordinate system;
3) placing a part to be processed on a three-dimensional scanning system workbench, performing three-dimensional scanning to form a solid model, and establishing a solid coordinate system;
4) and comparing and fitting the solid model and the theoretical model, calculating a coordinate deviation value between the solid coordinate system and the theoretical coordinate system, and biasing the coordinate deviation value to the program origin of the numerical control machining program to machine the part. And the comparison fitting is to compare the solid model and the theoretical model according to the requirements of users. There are various contrast fits, such as center fit, edge fit, and the like. The offset is the movement and rotation of the theoretical coordinate system.
The step 1) is specifically as follows: and a three-dimensional scanning working base and a machine tool working base are respectively fixed above the three-dimensional scanning system workbench and the machine tool workbench, and trays are respectively placed above the three-dimensional scanning working base and the machine tool working base.
The step 2) is specifically as follows: and a three-dimensional scanning working base and a machine tool working base are respectively fixed above the three-dimensional scanning system workbench and the machine tool workbench, and trays are respectively placed above the three-dimensional scanning working base and the machine tool working base.
The step 3) is specifically as follows: the method comprises the steps of placing a part to be processed in a tray above a three-dimensional scanning working base, carrying out three-dimensional scanning on the tray and the part to be processed to form a solid model of the tray and the part to be processed, and establishing a solid coordinate system according to a specific tray angle of the solid model.
The step 4) is specifically as follows: and comparing and fitting the entity model and the theoretical model, calculating a coordinate deviation value between a tray specific angle of the entity coordinate system and a tray specific angle of the theoretical coordinate system, wherein the coordinate deviation value comprises a coordinate point deviation of the tray specific angle and a coordinate angle deviation of the tray specific angle, and offsetting a program origin of the numerical control machining program to the coordinate deviation value to perform part machining. The specific angle of the tray is any position on the tray, the position is convenient for aligning and establishing a coordinate system, and if the tray is a cuboid, one angle of the top surface is generally selected, so that the front surface is convenient to establish the coordinate system. The physical coordinate system is established by means of specific corners of the tray.
Example 1
The method for quickly converting the reference coordinate in the self-adaptive machining comprises the following steps:
1) respectively fixing a three-dimensional scanning working base and a machine tool working base above a three-dimensional scanning system workbench and a machine tool workbench, and placing trays above the three-dimensional scanning working base and the machine tool working base;
2) referring to fig. 2, a theoretical model is established in a computer with a pallet and a part to be machined, a theoretical coordinate system is established with a pallet specific angle as an origin according to the theoretical model, and the origin of coordinates of the theoretical coordinate system is assumed to be (G0, X20, Y15; G. x and Y are divided into three coordinate axes of a theoretical coordinate system), and the theoretical model and the theoretical coordinate system are input into a production numerical control machining program;
3) referring to fig. 3 and 4, a part to be processed is placed in a tray above a three-dimensional scanning working base, the tray and the part to be processed are three-dimensionally scanned to form a solid model of the tray and the part to be processed, a solid coordinate system is established by taking a specific angle of the tray as an origin according to the tray of the solid model, and the origin of coordinates of the solid coordinate system is assumed to be: (G93, X25, Y16, C is 30 degrees; X and Y are two coordinate axes of the solid coordinate system, and C is a bias angle of one coordinate axis of the solid coordinate system).
4) Referring to fig. 5, the solid model and the theoretical model are fitted to each other by comparison, and coordinate deviation values between tray-specific angles of the solid coordinate system and tray-specific angles of the theoretical coordinate system are calculated, the coordinate deviation values include coordinate point deviations of the tray-specific angles and coordinate angle deviations of the tray-specific angles, the sum of the coordinate point deviations of the tray-specific angles and the coordinate angle deviations of the tray-specific angles does not exceed 5 values, and the coordinate deviation values are (G93, X ═ 5, Y ═ 1, C ═ 30 °). And (5) offsetting the program origin of the numerical control machining program to the coordinate deviation value, namely modifying the program origin to (G93, X1, Y5 and C30) and machining the part.
The three-dimensional scanning system workbench, the machine tool workbench, the three-dimensional scanning working base, the machine tool working base and the tray are all common mechanisms in the field, and a production numerical control machining program is also a common numerical control machining program for parts.
In the embodiment, the theoretical model, the theoretical coordinate system, the entity model and the entity coordinate system are established, the entity model and the theoretical model are compared and fitted, the coordinate deviation value between the entity coordinate system and the theoretical coordinate system is calculated, and then the coordinate deviation value is biased to the program origin of the numerical control machining program, namely, the machining of the part is realized by rapidly converting the references of the entity coordinate system and the theoretical coordinate system in the production numerical control machining program, the machining precision of the part can be ensured by adjusting the program origin in the production numerical control machining program, and the operation process and the operation principle are simple.
Claims (5)
1. The method for quickly converting the reference coordinate in the self-adaptive machining is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) building a three-dimensional scanning system workbench, a machine tool workbench, two working bases and a tray; fixing a part to be processed on a tray;
2) establishing a theoretical model and a theoretical coordinate system, arranging the theoretical coordinate system at a specific corner of the tray, and generating a numerical control machining program according to the theoretical model and the theoretical coordinate system;
3) placing a part to be processed containing a tray on a base of a three-dimensional scanning system workbench, performing three-dimensional scanning to form a solid model, establishing a solid coordinate system, and setting the solid coordinate system at the specific angle of the tray in the step 2);
4) comparing and fitting the entity model and the theoretical model, calculating a coordinate and angle deviation value between the entity coordinate system and the theoretical coordinate system, and biasing the coordinate and angle deviation value to a program origin of the numerical control machining program;
5) and (3) conveying the part to be processed containing the pallet to a base of a machine tool workbench, offsetting a numerical control program coordinate system by using the coordinate and angle deviation value of the step 4), and processing the part by using the numerical control program of the step 1).
2. The method for fast converting reference coordinates in adaptive machining according to claim 1, wherein the step 1) is specifically: and respectively fixing a working base above the three-dimensional scanning system workbench and the machine tool workbench.
3. The method for fast converting reference coordinates in adaptive machining according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the step 2) is specifically: establishing a theoretical model for the tray and the part to be machined, setting a theoretical coordinate system according to a specific angle of the tray of the theoretical model, and generating a numerical control machining program according to the theoretical model and the theoretical coordinate system; the specific angle of the tray is any position on the tray, and the position is convenient for aligning and establishing a coordinate system.
4. The method for fast converting reference coordinates in adaptive machining according to claim 3, wherein the step 3) is specifically: the method comprises the steps of placing a part to be processed in a tray above a three-dimensional scanning working base, carrying out three-dimensional scanning on the tray and the part to be processed to form a solid model of the tray and the part to be processed, and establishing a solid coordinate system according to a specific tray angle of the solid model.
5. The method for fast converting reference coordinates in adaptive machining according to claim 4, wherein the step 4) is specifically: and comparing and fitting the entity model and the theoretical model, and calculating a coordinate deviation value between the entity coordinate system and the theoretical coordinate system, wherein the coordinate deviation value comprises coordinate point deviation and angle deviation, the coordinate deviation value is offset from a numerical control program coordinate system to process parts, and the coordinate deviation value is offset from the numerical control program coordinate system to be the theoretical coordinate system.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN113601267A (en) * | 2021-07-26 | 2021-11-05 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Method for establishing part machining coordinate system |
| CN116880360A (en) * | 2023-08-24 | 2023-10-13 | 广州三烨机械设备有限公司 | Turning and milling numerical control machining control method, system and storage medium |
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