CN112526925B - Profile finish machining method based on three-dimensional cam profile materialized model deviation compensation - Google Patents
Profile finish machining method based on three-dimensional cam profile materialized model deviation compensation Download PDFInfo
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- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
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- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/404—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by control arrangements for compensation, e.g. for backlash, overshoot, tool offset, tool wear, temperature, machine construction errors, load, inertia
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of part finish machining, and relates to a profile finish machining method based on three-dimensional cam profile materialized model deviation compensation, which comprises the following steps of 1) machining a sample piece according to a three-dimensional cam profile materialized model; 2) Detecting radius deviation values delta r of a plurality of original qualified detection points and corresponding processing point poles on a processing sample piece; 3) Converting the delta r into vector components, and converting to obtain a plurality of new point positions; 4) Reconstructing a digital model of the three-dimensional cam molded surface according to the plurality of new point positions and the plurality of original qualified detection point positions; 5) Carrying out numerical control programming processing on the digital model to obtain a new processing sample piece; 6) And detecting that the detection results of a plurality of original qualified detection points and the corresponding new processing points are consistent on the newly processed sample piece. The invention can quickly and accurately compensate and modify the digital model and the numerical control program of the three-dimensional cam profile according to the measurement and detection result, namely the extreme radius deviation value of the three-dimensional cam profile, and has low cost and stable product quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of part finish machining, relates to a finish machining method for a three-dimensional cam profile, and particularly relates to a profile finish machining method based on three-dimensional cam profile materialized model deviation compensation.
Background
A general three-dimensional cam profile finish machining method is characterized in that machining programs are compiled through three-dimensional mechanical digital programming software according to a digital model of the three-dimensional mechanical digital programming software, and then a five-axis numerical control machining center device is utilized to select reasonable allowance and cutting parameters to machine a profile of the three-dimensional cam. And judging whether the cam profile is qualified or not according to the measurement detection result, namely the polar radius deviation value of the three-dimensional cam profile. And if the machining conclusion is qualified, the subsequent process can be carried out, if the machining conclusion is unqualified, the scrapping is carried out, the compensation and the adjustment of the machining program can not be carried out according to the polar radius deviation result, the quality of the cam profile after the fine machining is unstable, the machining cost is high, and the problem of batch property is frequent.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides a finish machining method based on three-dimensional cam profile materialized model deviation compensation, which can quickly and accurately compensate and modify a three-dimensional cam profile digital model and a numerical control program according to a measurement detection result, namely a three-dimensional cam profile polar radius deviation value, and has the advantages of low cost and stable product quality.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a finish machining method based on three-dimensional cam profile materialized model deviation compensation comprises the following steps:
1) Processing a sample piece according to the three-dimensional cam profile materialized model;
2) On the on-line detection processing sample piece, a plurality of original qualified detection point positions and polar radius deviation values delta r of the corresponding processing point positions on an XY projection plane in a rectangular coordinate system;
3) Converting the polar radius deviation value delta r obtained by detection into vector components, and converting the vector components into x, y and z values through a conversion function to obtain a plurality of new point positions;
4) Reconstructing a digital model of the three-dimensional cam molded surface according to the plurality of new point positions and the plurality of original qualified detection point positions obtained in the step 3);
5) Carrying out numerical control programming processing on the digital model obtained in the step 4) to obtain a new processing sample piece;
6) On-line detection is carried out on the newly processed sample piece obtained in the step 5), a plurality of original qualified detection points and detection results of corresponding new processing points are detected, and if the detection results are consistent, the sample piece is qualified; finishing the processing;
if the detection results are not consistent, the sample piece is unqualified, and the steps 3) -5) are continuously repeated for deviation compensation until the detection results of a plurality of original qualified detection points of the three-dimensional cam profile are consistent with the detection results of the corresponding new processing points.
The specific implementation manner of the step 1) is as follows: a numerical control machining program is programmed by adopting a three-dimensional cam profile materialized model, and a sample is machined by utilizing five-axis machining center equipment.
The specific implementation manner of the step 2) is as follows: utilizing Leitz three-coordinate measuring and detecting equipment to detect the coordinates (x) of a plurality of original qualified detection points on a processed sample piece on line i0 、y i0 、z i0 ) And coordinates (x) of the corresponding processing point location i1 、y i1 、z i1 ) Obtaining the polar radius deviation value of the original qualified point detection three-dimensional cam profile working roller central track point in the XY projection plane in the rectangular coordinate system
ΔX i ＝x i1 -x i0 ；ΔY i ＝y i1 -y i0 ；i＝1，2，3…n。
The specific implementation manner of the step 3) is as follows:
3.1 Taking any check point in corresponding processing point positions as a calculation point, wherein the polar angle of the calculation point is theta, selecting a point position with the same height as the calculation point and the same theta from a point cloud array for solid model modeling, taking the K value of the point position as a known quantity, and obtaining the following results according to K = cos gamma, A + gamma =90 degrees and cosA = delta R/delta R:
wherein: Δ R is the polar radius deviation compensation amount; k is the Y-direction unit vector.
3.2 Substituting the deviation compensation value deltar into R '= deltar + R, where R' is the compensated input value and R is the radius value of the working roller of the three-dimensional cam profile;
3.3 R' as a new variable into the cam modeling process to construct a new solid model. The specific implementation manner of the step 4) is as follows: based on the converted coordinates (X, Y, Z) of the new point location and the coordinates (X) of the original qualified point location i0 、y i0 、z i0 ) And reestablishing the digital model of the three-dimensional cam profile by using mechanical three-dimensional design software.
The concrete implementation mode of the step 5) is to adopt a three-dimensional cam profile materialized model to compile a numerical control machining program and utilize five-axis machining center equipment to machine a sample.
The specific implementation manner of the step 6) is as follows: and (3) online detection is carried out according to the cam profile processed by the compensated three-dimensional cam profile materialized model, if the out-of-tolerance point still exists, reciprocating iteration can be carried out, namely, the steps 3) -5) are repeated until the extreme radius deviation values of all the check points of the sample piece are qualified.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, through a deviation compensation mode, a digital model of the three-dimensional cam profile can be rapidly and accurately adjusted, and accurate fine adjustment can be realized based on a numerical control program compiled by the digital model. And the limit precision of the three-dimensional cam profile can be achieved through repeated reciprocating iteration. The defects that the program of the traditional finish machining mode of the three-dimensional cam profile is fixed and cannot be adjusted and the machining result is only and cannot be changed are overcome. By establishing the deviation compensation function, the compensation quantity can be quickly and accurately obtained, so that engineering technicians can quickly modify a finish machining program to ensure the quality level of the molded surface of the three-dimensional cam. Meanwhile, the method can be popularized to profile finish machining of other complex curved surface parts.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a polar radius deviation Δ r of points on an XY projection plane in a rectangular coordinate system according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Examples
A finish machining method based on three-dimensional cam profile materialized model deviation compensation comprises the following steps:
1) Processing a sample piece according to the three-dimensional cam profile materialized model;
specifically, a programming module of UG NX software is utilized to reasonably select a machining cutter, a driving geometric body, a cutting mode and the like respectively, a numerical control program based on a five-axis numerical control machining center is established, and a sample is machined.
2) On the on-line detection processing sample piece, a plurality of original qualified detection point positions and polar radius deviation values delta r of the corresponding processing point positions on an XY projection plane in a rectangular coordinate system;
utilizing Leitz three-coordinate measuring and detecting equipment to detect the coordinates (x) of a plurality of original qualified detection points on a processed sample piece on line i0 、y i0 、z i0 ) And coordinates (x) of the corresponding machining point location i1 、y i1 、z i1 ) Obtaining the polar radius deviation value of the original three-dimensional cam profile working roller central track point position of the detected qualified point position in the XY projection plane in the rectangular coordinate system
ΔX i ＝x i1 -x i0 ；ΔY i ＝y i1 -y i0 ；i＝1，2，3…n；
3) Converting the polar radius deviation value delta r obtained by detection into vector components, and then converting the vector components into x, y and z values through a conversion function to obtain a plurality of new point positions;
3.1 Taking any check point in corresponding processing point positions as a calculation point, wherein the polar angle of the calculation point is theta, selecting a point position with the same height as the calculation point and the same theta from a point cloud array for solid model modeling, taking the K value of the point position as a known quantity, and obtaining the following results according to K = cos gamma, A + gamma =90 degrees and cosA = delta R/delta R:
wherein: Δ R is the polar radius deviation compensation amount; k is a Y-direction unit vector;
3.2 Substituting the deviation compensation value delta R into R '= delta R + R, wherein R' is a compensated input value, and R is a radius value of the three-dimensional cam profile working roller;
3.3 R' as a new variable into the cam modeling process to construct a new solid model.
4) Reconstructing a digital model of the three-dimensional cam molded surface according to the plurality of new point positions and the plurality of original qualified detection point positions obtained in the step 3); specifically, the coordinate (X, Y, Z) of the new point location after conversion and the coordinate (X) of the original qualified detection point location are used as the basis i0 、y i0 、z i0 ) By re-establishing three-dimensional cam profiles using mechanical three-dimensional design softwareThe model is digitized.
5) Carrying out numerical control programming processing on the digital model obtained in the step 4) to obtain a new processing sample piece;
specifically, a numerical control machining program is programmed by adopting a three-dimensional cam profile materialized model, and a sample piece is machined by utilizing five-axis machining center equipment.
6) On-line detection is carried out on the newly processed sample piece obtained in the step 5), a plurality of original qualified detection point positions and detection results of corresponding new processing points are obtained, and if the detection results are consistent, the sample piece is qualified; finishing the processing; if the detection results are inconsistent, the sample piece is unqualified, and the steps 3) to 5) are continuously repeated for deviation compensation until the detection results of a plurality of original qualified detection point positions of the three-dimensional cam profile and the corresponding new processing points are consistent.
And (3) online detection is carried out according to the cam profile processed by the compensated three-dimensional cam profile materialized model, if the out-of-tolerance point still exists, reciprocating iteration can be carried out, namely, the steps 3) -5) are repeated until the extreme radius deviation values of all the check points of the sample piece are qualified.
Taking a certain three-dimensional cam profile as an example, the cam profile is subjected to materialized model establishment and deviation compensation according to the actually measured polar radius deviation value.
1) Processing a cam sample piece according to the three-dimensional cam profile materialized model;
2) Utilizing a Leitz three-coordinate measuring and detecting device to detect checking points (including but not limited to design checking points) required by each drawing of a sample piece on line, and obtaining a polar radius deviation value delta r (see figure 1) of an actual contour point of the same polar angle of the three-dimensional cam profile working roller center track point of each checking point in an XY projection plane in a rectangular coordinate system and the checking points of the drawing;
3) Obtaining a deviation value delta r =0.05 of the polar radius of a certain check point through measurement, picking up a K value, K =0.756, corresponding to a point with the same height and the same polar angle as the check point in the point cloud for modeling, and calculating a function
Obtaining a deviation compensation value delta R =0.0769, and obtaining a deviation compensation value delta R =3 by combining the working roller radius R =3R' = R + Δ R =3.0769;
taking the R' as an input in combination with the central locus point position of the three-dimensional cam profile at the point, and calculating by a conversion function to obtain the entity point position of the point of the three-dimensional cam profile;
4) Reestablishing a three-dimensional cam profile solid model according to the point and the rest qualified point positions;
5) Carrying out numerical control programming processing according to the entity model;
6) And (4) detecting the sample part check point on line again, if an over-tolerance point still exists, repeating the steps 3) -5) for multiple times of iteration until the cam profile polar radius deviation value reaches the design requirement.
After the deviation compensation method provided by the invention is adopted, the design drawing requires that the deviation value of the polar radius of the cam is +/-0.05, the deviation value of the polar radius reaches +/-0.025 through actual measurement, the precision is improved by 1 time, and the batch qualification rate reaches 100%.
Claims (3)
1. A finish machining method based on three-dimensional cam profile materialized model deviation compensation is characterized by comprising the following steps: the finish machining method based on the three-dimensional cam profile materialized model deviation compensation comprises the following steps of:
1) Processing a sample piece according to the three-dimensional cam profile materialized model;
2) On the on-line detection processing sample piece, a plurality of original qualified detection point positions and polar radius deviation values delta r of the corresponding processing point positions on an XY projection plane in a rectangular coordinate system;
3) Converting the polar radius deviation value delta r obtained by detection into vector components, and converting the vector components into x, y and z values through a conversion function to obtain a plurality of new point positions;
4) Reconstructing a digital model of the three-dimensional cam molded surface according to the plurality of new point positions and the plurality of original qualified detection point positions obtained in the step 3);
5) Carrying out numerical control programming processing on the digital model obtained in the step 4) to obtain a new processing sample piece;
6) On-line detection is carried out on the newly processed sample piece obtained in the step 5), a plurality of original qualified detection point positions and detection results of corresponding new processing points are obtained, and if the detection results are consistent, the sample piece is qualified; finishing the processing;
if the detection results are not consistent, the sample piece is unqualified, and the steps 3) -5) are continuously repeated for deviation compensation until the detection results of a plurality of original qualified detection points of the three-dimensional cam profile are consistent with the detection results of the corresponding new processing points;
the specific implementation mode of the step 2) is as follows: utilizing Leitz three-coordinate measuring and detecting equipment to detect the coordinates (x) of a plurality of original qualified detection points on a processed sample piece on line i0 、y i0 、z i0 ) And coordinates (x) of the corresponding machining point location i1 、y i1 、z i1 ) Obtaining the polar radius deviation value of the original qualified point detection three-dimensional cam profile working roller central track point in the XY projection plane in the rectangular coordinate system
ΔX i ＝x i1 -x i0 ；ΔY i ＝y i1 -y i0 ；i＝1，2，3…n；
The specific implementation manner of the step 3) is as follows:
3.1 Taking any check point in corresponding processing point positions as a calculation point, wherein the polar angle of the calculation point is theta, selecting a point position with the same height as the calculation point and the same theta from a point cloud array for solid model modeling, taking the K value of the point position as a known quantity, and obtaining the following results according to K = cos gamma, A + gamma =90 degrees and cosA = delta R/delta R:
wherein: Δ R is the polar radius deviation compensation amount; k is a Y-direction unit vector; gamma is a three-dimensional included angle between a vector direction corresponding to any one inspection point and the positive direction of Z, and A is a complementary angle of gamma;
3.2 Substituting the deviation compensation value delta R into R '= delta R + R, wherein R' is a compensated input value, and R is a radius value of the three-dimensional cam profile working roller;
3.3 Substituting R' as a new variable into the cam modeling process to construct a new solid model;
concrete implementation method of step 4)The formula is: based on the converted coordinates (X, Y, Z) of the new point location and the coordinates (X) of the original qualified point location i0 、y i0 、z i0 ) Reestablishing a digital model of the three-dimensional cam molded surface by utilizing mechanical three-dimensional design software;
the specific implementation mode of the step 5) is to adopt a three-dimensional cam profile materialized model to compile a numerical control machining program and utilize five-axis machining center equipment to machine a sample.
2. The finishing method based on the three-dimensional cam profile materialization model deviation compensation is characterized in that: the specific implementation mode of the step 1) is as follows: a numerical control machining program is programmed by adopting a three-dimensional cam profile materialized model, and a sample is machined by utilizing five-axis machining center equipment.
3. The finishing method based on three-dimensional cam profile materialization model deviation compensation according to claim 2, characterized in that: the specific implementation manner of the step 6) is as follows: and (3) online detection is carried out according to the cam profile processed by the compensated three-dimensional cam profile materialized model, if the out-of-tolerance point still exists, reciprocating iteration can be carried out, namely, the steps 3) -5) are repeated until the extreme radius deviation values of all the check points of the sample piece are qualified.
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| CN114237160B (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2023-06-02 | 合肥中辰轻工机械有限公司 | Compensation processing method of finish machining numerical control program of straight curved cam |
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