CN112577940A - Method for rapidly and quantitatively detecting concentration of creatinine in urine at low cost - Google Patents
Method for rapidly and quantitatively detecting concentration of creatinine in urine at low cost Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method for rapidly and quantitatively detecting the concentration of creatinine in urine at low cost relates to a method for detecting the concentration of creatinine. Preparing gold nano sol; taking a urine sample diluted by 10-100 times, adding a buffer solution, adjusting the pH value of the urine sample to 8.9-11, adding an organic solvent as an extracting agent, carrying out vortex oscillation, and taking an upper organic layer for SERS detection after two liquid phases are layered; mixing the pretreated urine sample and the aggregating agent in a glass tube, adding the gold nano sol, repeatedly absorbing the mixed gold nano sol by using a liquid transfer gun, properly aggregating the gold nano sol, and when the sol is gradually changed from brownish red to brownish grey, indicating that the sol particles begin to aggregate, directly detecting by using a portable Raman instrument, and combining a standard working curve drawn in advance according to the characteristic peak intensity of creatinine in an obtained Raman spectrogram to obtain the content of creatinine in the actual urine sample. The detection time is as low as 2min, and the detection cost is low.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for detecting creatinine concentration, in particular to a method for quickly and quantitatively detecting the concentration of creatinine in urine at low cost.
Background
The incidence and prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is rapidly increasing worldwide, mainly associated with changes in people's living standards and lifestyle. The detection of the creatinine content in body fluid is an important basis for the judgment of the kidney health.
The normal range of urine creatinine content for an adult at 24 hours is 400-1300 mg/L, which is lower for children. The existing technology for detecting the creatinine content in urine mainly comprises a sarcosine oxidase method and a picric acid method. Both methods essentially utilize the principle of fluorescence spectrophotometry. The picric acid method is produced by a fresh supplier at present due to the pollution to detection equipment, excessive detection interference items and the like. Sarcosine oxidase detection is commonly used in various major hospital institutions (Geiger, Linlongshun, Liuliuxian, J. clinical laboratory [ J ],1997,15(3): 145; Cobbaert CM, Baadenhuijsen H, Weykamp CW. Prime time for enzymetic diagnosis methods in pediatrics. clin Chem 2009,55(3): 549-58). The method is simple and convenient to detect after being put into automation, the testing time is about 10 minutes, and the detection efficiency is higher compared with the early high performance liquid detection. However, since the reaction of creatinine molecules with enzymes takes up a major measurement time and there is no way to shorten the chemical reaction time by the prior art, hospital patients wait for a long time to get a report. Meanwhile, enzymatic detection is expensive, which also greatly increases the detection cost of patients. Therefore, it is very important to develop a detection method with fast detection speed and low detection cost.
The Raman spectrum is a technology called as molecular fingerprint spectrum, and has the advantages of short detection time, high detection speed, no damage to a detection sample, no influence of system water on the detection process and the like. However, conventional raman spectroscopy has the disadvantage of low sensitivity. To overcome this drawback, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has been developed on the basis of conventional Raman. The SERS technology can provide molecular level fingerprint information, has extremely high detection sensitivity, and has the advantages of high detection speed, no need of simple pretreatment, easy realization of field detection and the like. Since the discovery of SERS technology, it has been widely used in various fields such as interface and surface science, material analysis, biology, medicine, archaeology, criminal investigation, food safety, and environmental monitoring. In addition, the SERS technology is combined with a portable Raman spectrometer, so that people can conveniently carry out real-time and in-situ detection, and the application of the SERS technology is further developed.
Metal nanoparticle sols are an important enhancement substrate associated with SRES technology. However, there are two problems in the sol detection method, firstly, because the agglomeration of gold sol and the molecule to be detected has a changing process, a proper time range and a proper agglomerating agent need to be selected, so that the agglomeration speed of the whole sol system is proper, and the enhanced signal of the object to be detected is detected under the most stable condition, thereby improving the reproducibility; secondly, in a complex system, the SERS detection is often interfered, so that a simple and convenient sample pretreatment method needs to be found under the condition of ensuring the detection efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for quickly and quantitatively detecting the concentration of creatinine in urine at low cost.
The invention comprises the following steps:
1) preparing gold nano sol: reducing a chloroauric acid aqueous solution by using sodium citrate in one pot to synthesize 50-60 nm gold nanoparticles with a sodium citrate protective layer;
2) pretreatment of a urine sample: taking 250 mu L of a urine sample diluted by 10-100 times, adding 50-250 mu L of buffer solution, adjusting the pH value of the urine sample to 8.9-11, adding 300-500 mu L of organic solvent as an extracting agent, carrying out vortex oscillation, and taking 200 mu L of an upper organic layer for SERS detection after two liquid phases are layered;
3) SERS detection: firstly, mixing 200 mu L of pretreated urine sample and 20-50 mu L of agglomerating agent in a glass tube, then adding 300 mu L of gold nano sol, repeatedly absorbing the mixed gold nano sol by using a liquid transfer gun, properly agglomerating the gold nano sol, and when the sol is gradually changed from brownish red to brownish gray, indicating that the sol particles begin to agglomerate, directly detecting by using a portable Raman instrument, and combining a standard working curve drawn in advance according to the characteristic peak intensity of creatinine in an obtained Raman spectrogram to obtain the creatinine content in the actual urine sample.
In step 2), the buffer adopts Tris-HCl or NaHCO3-NaOH two basic buffer solutions; the organic solvent is n-butanol, ethyl acetate or mixed solvent of n-butanol and ethyl acetateIn the mixed solvent of the n-butanol and the ethyl acetate, the ratio of the n-butanol to the ethyl acetate is 2: 1; the vortex oscillation time can be 25-35 s; the volume ratio of the urine sample to the buffer solution to the organic solvent is 1: 0.2-1: 1.2-2.
In the step 3), the particle size of the gold nano sol can be 50-60 nm; the agglomeration agent is NaCl, KCl, HCl inorganic salt containing chloride ions; and repeatedly sucking the mixed sol for at least 5 times by using a pipette.
The method firstly carries out effective extraction of the creatinine in the urine, and then utilizes the portable Raman spectrometer to realize rapid low-cost quantitative detection of the creatinine in the urine. The gold nano sol is used for enhancing Raman signals, so that the detection of low-concentration creatinine is realized, the pretreatment of urine eliminates a plurality of interferences existing in the actual urine, creatinine molecules are extracted into an organic layer by adjusting the pH value for subsequent detection, the gold nano sol is used as an enhancing reagent, the pretreated urine sample and the gold nano sol are properly gathered, so that the creatinine molecules in the urine are adsorbed on the surface of the gold nano sol, the Raman signals of the creatinine molecules are improved, and then a standard working curve drawn in advance is combined according to the characteristic peak intensity of the creatinine in an obtained Raman spectrogram, so that the creatinine content in the actual urine sample is obtained. The invention does not need complex urine treatment, only needs two-step pretreatment, can directly carry out detection without long-time chemical reaction, has the detection time as low as 2min, has 5 times higher efficiency than the common method, and has low detection cost. The total detection time is within two minutes, the efficiency is higher in batch detection, the reagent cost is low, and the reagent is expected to be popularized to practical application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the operation of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of gold nanoparticles prepared by the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the verification of the SERS detection signal stability.
FIG. 4 is a SERS spectrum of actual urine samples containing different concentrations of creatinine.
Figure 5 is a standard curve of the logarithm of characteristic peak area of creatinine and its logarithm of concentration in actual urine.
Fig. 6 is a SERS spectrum of an actual urine blind sample.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a novel method for conveniently, rapidly and quantitatively detecting the creatinine content in urine at low cost by using portable Raman. The detection time of the method is as low as two minutes, the efficiency is 5 times higher than that of the common method, and the detection cost is low.
The invention comprises the following steps:
1) preparing gold nano sol: the gold nano sol is used for enhancing Raman signals so as to realize the detection of low-concentration creatinine, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: sodium citrate is used for reducing a chloroauric acid aqueous solution in one pot to synthesize the gold nanoparticles with the thickness of 50-60 nm and the sodium citrate protective layer. Synthetic methods reference the article (fress, g. controlled circulation for the regulation of the particulate size in monodispersese gold subspecies [ J ]. Nature-phys. sci.,1973,241, 20-22.).
2) Pretreatment of a urine sample: pretreatment eliminates a plurality of interferences existing in actual urine, and creatinine molecules are extracted into an organic layer for subsequent detection by adjusting pH. Taking 250 mu L of urine sample diluted by 10-100 times, adding 50-250 mu L of buffer solution (Tris-HCl or NaHCO)3NaOH and other alkaline buffer solutions), adding 300-500 mu L of n-butyl alcohol, ethyl acetate or a mixed solvent of the n-butyl alcohol and the ethyl acetate in a ratio of 2: 1 as an extracting agent, carrying out vortex oscillation for 30s, and taking 200 mu L of an upper organic layer for SERS detection after two liquid phases are layered.
3) SERS detection: the pretreated urine sample and the gold nano sol are properly gathered, so that creatinine molecules in the urine are adsorbed on the surface of the gold nano sol, the Raman signal of the creatinine molecules is improved, and the creatinine content in the actual urine sample is obtained by combining a standard working curve drawn in advance according to the characteristic peak intensity of creatinine in the obtained Raman spectrogram. Firstly, mixing 200 mu L of a sample to be detected and 20-50 mu L of NaCl, KCl, HCl and other inorganic salts (agglomerants) containing chloride ions in a glass tube, then adding 300 mu L of gold nanoparticles, repeatedly sucking the mixed sol for 5 times by using a liquid transfer gun, and properly agglomerating the sol. Generally, when the solution is sucked and discharged for the 5 th time, the sol can be seen to gradually change from brownish red to brownish gray, which indicates that the particles begin to agglomerate, and the particles can be directly detected by a portable Raman instrument.
Referring to fig. 1, the main operation flow of the embodiment of the present invention is as follows:
firstly, putting a liquid to be detected in a glass tube, adding a buffer solution, adding an extracting agent, performing vortex for 30s, taking an organic layer, adding an agglomeration agent, adding gold nanoparticle sol, and performing Raman detection.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparation of gold nanoparticle sol
Gold nanoparticles are used for enhancing Raman detection signals, and the synthesis method refers to articles (fress, G.controlled circulation for the regulation of the particulate size in monodisperses gold subspecies [ J ]. Nature,1973,241,20-22), namely, sodium citrate is used for reducing a chloroauric acid aqueous solution in one pot to synthesize 50-60 nm gold nanoparticles with a sodium citrate protective layer. The method comprises the following specific steps: 2.424mL of chloroauric acid solution with the concentration of 0.825 Wt% is diluted and boiled by water, the chloroauric acid solution is continuously stirred for 10min, then 1.5mL of sodium citrate solution with the concentration of 1 Wt% is rapidly added at one time, the solution slowly changes from colorless to black after about 20s, finally changes to brick red, the chloroauric acid solution is continuously boiled for 20min, and the chloroauric acid solution is used after being naturally cooled. As shown in FIG. 2, the Au nanoparticles obtained by the method are spherical and have a particle size of about 50-60 nm.
(2) Pretreatment of urine sample
Preparation of NaHCO3NaOH buffer (pH 10): the solution A was 0.21g NaHCO3Diluted to 50mL with ultrapure water, and the solution B was 0.2g NaOH and diluted to 50Ml with ultrapure water. 10mL of the solution A and 2.14mL of the solution B are prepared into NaHCO3NaOH buffer (pH 10) ready for use.
A250. mu.L urine sample diluted several times was taken, and 250. mu.L buffer (NaHCO) was added3NaOH, pH 10), plus 500 μ L n-butanol as extractant, vortexed for 30 s. After layering, taking 200 mu L of the upper n-butyl alcohol organic layer for subsequent SERS detection.
(3) SERS detection
Firstly, 200 mu L of sample to be detected and 20 mu L of NaCl (agglomerating agent) are mixed in a glass tube, then 300 mu L of gold nano-particles are added, the mixed sol is repeatedly sucked by a liquid-transferring gun for 5 times, and the sol is appropriately agglomerated. Generally, when the solution is sucked and released for the fifth time, the sol can be seen to gradually change from brown red to brown gray, which indicates that the particles begin to agglomerate and can be directly detected by using a portable Raman spectrometer.
(4) And verifying the stability of the Raman detection. As shown in FIG. 3, the liquid to be detected is added with the agglomerating agent and the gold sol and then is immediately subjected to Raman detection, the change of Raman signals in the process of agglomeration of creatinine molecules and the gold sol is observed, the Raman signals are most stable within the range of 40-120 s of agglomeration, so that the absorption and mixing operation needs to be carried out before detection, and the detection effect is best when gold is added for about 1 min.
(5) Standard curves were made with known concentrations of urine spiked samples. Urine containing known creatinine content at different spiked concentrations was tested separately according to the above operating standards and the experiment was repeated 3 times. FIG. 4 shows the SERS spectrum of the actual urine with the standard, and 685cm is selected as the quantitative characteristic peak of creatinine molecules-1And using 685cm together-1The logarithmic values of both peak area and actual sample total creatinine concentration were plotted against a standard curve (as shown in fig. 5) for reference standards for actual urine creatinine content calculation.
(6) SERS detection of actual urine blind samples. FIG. 6 is the blind sample SERS detection spectrum of urine diluted 20 times actually, calculated 685cm-1The peak area was substituted into the standard curve of FIG. 5, and the creatinine concentration of the actual blind sample was calculated to be 323.7 mg/L. The sample is detected by a hospital clinical detection method: the measurement result of the sarcosine oxidase Kit (detection Kit) is 305.1mg/L, and the relative deviation from the SERS detection method is 6%, which indicates that the measured value is basically correct.
Compared with the common creatinine detection methods such as a picric acid method and a sarcosine oxidase method, the method provided by the invention has the advantages that no complex urine treatment is required, the detection can be directly carried out without a long-time reaction, the total time can be controlled within 2min, and the price of the reagent used for detection is lower.
Claims (9)
1. A method for rapidly and quantitatively detecting the concentration of creatinine in urine at low cost is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) preparing gold nano sol: reducing a chloroauric acid aqueous solution by using sodium citrate in one pot to synthesize 50-60 nm gold nanoparticles with a sodium citrate protective layer;
2) pretreatment of a urine sample: taking 250 mu L of a urine sample diluted by 10-100 times, adding 50-250 mu L of buffer solution, adjusting the pH value of the urine sample to 8.9-11, adding 300-500 mu L of organic solvent as an extracting agent, carrying out vortex oscillation, and taking 200 mu L of an upper organic layer for SERS detection after two liquid phases are layered;
3) SERS detection: firstly, mixing 200 mu L of pretreated urine sample and 20-50 mu L of agglomerating agent in a glass tube, then adding 300 mu L of gold nano sol, repeatedly absorbing and mixing by using a liquid transfer gun, properly agglomerating the gold nano sol, and when the sol is gradually changed from brownish red to brownish gray, indicating that sol particles begin to agglomerate, directly detecting by using a portable Raman instrument, and combining a pre-drawn standard working curve according to the characteristic peak intensity of creatinine in an obtained Raman spectrogram to obtain the concentration of creatinine in the urine.
2. The method for rapid and low-cost quantitative determination of creatinine concentration in urine according to claim 1, wherein in step 2), the buffer solution is Tris-HCl or NaHCO3-NaOH。
3. The method for rapid and low-cost quantitative determination of creatinine concentration in urine according to claim 1, wherein in step 2), the organic solvent is n-butanol, ethyl acetate or a mixed solvent of n-butanol and ethyl acetate.
4. The method for rapidly and quantitatively detecting the concentration of creatinine in urine at low cost according to claim 3, wherein the ratio of n-butanol to ethyl acetate in the mixed solvent of n-butanol and ethyl acetate is 2: 1.
5. The method for rapid and low-cost quantitative determination of creatinine concentration in urine according to claim 1, wherein in step 2), the vortex oscillation time is 25-35 s.
6. The method for rapidly and quantitatively detecting the concentration of creatinine in urine according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the volume ratio of the urine sample, the buffer solution and the organic solvent is 1: 0.2-1: 1.2-2.
7. The method for rapidly and quantitatively detecting the concentration of creatinine in urine according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the particle size of the gold nanosol is 50-60 nm.
8. The method for rapid and low-cost quantitative determination of creatinine concentration in urine according to claim 1, wherein in step 3), the agglomerating agent is an inorganic salt containing chloride ions, such as NaCl, KCl, or HCl.
9. The method for rapid and low-cost quantitative determination of creatinine concentration in urine according to claim 1, wherein in step 3), the mixed sol is repeatedly aspirated by a pipette at least 5 times.
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| CN116500014A (en) * | 2023-05-08 | 2023-07-28 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for simultaneously and quantitatively detecting concentration of uric acid and creatinine in complex matrix based on paper chromatography and surface-enhanced Raman scattering technology |
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Application publication date: 20210330 |