CN112577787A - Sampling and monitoring system and method for atmospheric pollutants discharged by rural household cooking range - Google Patents
Sampling and monitoring system and method for atmospheric pollutants discharged by rural household cooking range Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 229
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 142
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 142
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims description 146
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 68
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003738 black carbon Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
- G01N1/2247—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas
- G01N1/2258—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas in a stack or chimney
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
- G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
- G01N33/0036—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector specially adapted to detect a particular component
- G01N33/004—CO or CO2
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sampling and monitoring system and a method for atmospheric pollutants discharged by rural household cooking ranges, which comprises the following steps: the device comprises a combustion furnace, a sampling gun, a pre-dilution pipe, a dilution system and a sampling system; the combustion furnace part of the invention adopts the combustion furnace design with a variable hearth, so that the pollution source discharge condition is better reduced; the invention adds the pre-dilution pipe, thus enlarging the adjusting range of dilution times; the invention increases the flue gas purification and meets the strict conditions of the laboratory; the invention can give consideration to off-line sampling, on-line monitoring analysis and multi-channel grading sampling to obtain a complete combustion flue gas emission total particle sample, has the function of supporting on-line calibration, has deeper understanding on fluctuation conditions of each stage concentration stage in the combustion process, supplements each other, has high reliability, and can more comprehensively research the emission characteristics of fixed pollution sources.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental monitoring, relates to a sampling and monitoring system for atmospheric pollutants discharged by rural household stoves, and particularly relates to a system and a method for simultaneously collecting and monitoring particulate matters and black carbon by adopting online and offline equipment after multi-stage dilution of flue gas discharged by rural household stoves with various stove sizes.
Background
The civil biomass combustion source has the characteristics of unstable emission working condition, short combustion time, incomplete combustion and the like, even if the concentration of smoke fluctuates greatly under different combustion conditions in the same stove, the pollutant emission is difficult to measure by using a fixed sampling method. The existing common monitoring methods include a direct sampling method, a dilution sampling method, a smoke cover method, a condensation method and the like, and the sampling method is divided into only offline sampling or only online monitoring, the offline sampling obtains the final experiment result through a weighing method, and the online sampling passes through a light absorption method and a light scattering method. The dilution sampling method is divided into a smoke hood method and a smoke channel method, the smoke channel method comprises a partial dilution method and a full flow dilution method, the dilution multiple of a dilution device in the prior art is mostly about 10-100, and the dilution ratio is calculated to obtain an approximate result according to the ratio of smoke to dilution gas. Dilution sampling device of prior art is used for stable power plant boiler pollution sources more, lacks the simulation monitoring sampling technique of civilian source to the subassembly is complicated, characteristics such as difficult integrated operation, because of quantitative emission monitoring reason, is fixed size mostly, and the place suitability is not high.
The existing domestic dilution device has more defects, is complex and large, most of instruments are integrated devices, cannot be disassembled, occupies large area, and is difficult to adapt to pollution emission sampling in narrow space. Meanwhile, the existing device is single in application place, most of the existing devices are field tests, and good simulation cannot be obtained in a laboratory.
In actual life, the size of a combustion furnace used in rural areas influences the full combustion condition of fuel combustion, most of combustion devices in the prior art are combustion furnaces with fixed sizes, and the real smoke emission concentration condition is not well simulated.
The adjustable scope of dilution multiple is less in original technique, and external multistage diluting device back system is difficult to guarantee stability and gas tightness, and sampling process experimental result is comparatively crude, is difficult to match the less precision monitoring instrument of detection scope.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a system and a method for sampling and monitoring atmospheric pollutants discharged by rural household stoves, which can not only truly simulate the combustion conditions of various sizes of stoves of the rural household stoves, but also can be detachably used for monitoring the discharge of field pollution sources, and can meet the monitoring requirements of narrow spaces.
The invention relates to a sampling and monitoring system for atmospheric pollutants discharged by rural household cooking ranges, which comprises the following components: the device comprises a combustion furnace, a sampling gun, a pre-dilution pipe, a dilution system and a sampling system;
the combustion furnace comprises a hearth, a ventilation opening, an ash recovery box and a smoke exhaust pipe; the hearth is provided with a directly readable CO2A concentration sensor I; one side of the hearth is provided with a heat-resistant glass visual window, the upper part of the hearth is a smoke pipe, the bottom of the hearth is provided with a ventilation opening, and the lower part of the ventilation opening is provided with an ash residue recovery box for collecting residues after fuel combustion.
The sampling gun comprises a sampling gun barrel, a sampling head and a cyclone cutting head, wherein the sampling head is arranged in the middle of a smoke tube of the combustion furnace, and the air outlet end of the sampling gun barrel is connected with the pre-dilution tube;
the sampling head adopts an 8mm sampling nozzle, the sampling nozzle is opposite to the airflow during sampling, the sampling gun smoke tube can be heated, and the smoke enters the sampling gun and passes through the heating sampling tube to prevent the smoke from being condensed and adhered to the tube wall;
the pre-dilution pipe comprises a circular dilution pipe, a high-efficiency filter, a fan, an air outlet flow control valve and CO2The front end of the dilution pipe is provided with an introducing port, the introducing port is a fan and a high-efficiency filter in sequence along the air flow inlet direction, one end of the fan is directly connected with the ambient atmosphere, ambient air is sucked in through negative pressure and passes through the high-efficiency filter to obtain clean air, and the clean air enters the pre-dilution pipe through the introducing port to be fully mixed and diluted with the sampling smoke; part of mixed gas enters a dilution system, and redundant gas is discharged through a gas outlet at the rear end of the dilution pipe and connected with the gas outletThe pipeline is provided with an air outlet flow control valve;
the diluting system comprises a primary diluting bin, a secondary diluting bin and a staying bin; the outlet end of the pre-dilution pipe is connected with the air inlet of the primary dilution bin through a guide pipe, the primary dilution bin is connected with the secondary dilution bin, and the secondary dilution bin is connected with the staying bin; a primary clean air inlet is formed in the primary dilution bin, a primary clean air inlet pipe is connected to the primary clean air inlet, and a primary clean air flow control valve is arranged on the primary clean air inlet pipe; a primary bypass outlet is formed in the primary dilution bin, an air outlet pipe is connected to the primary bypass outlet, and a primary bypass air outlet flow control valve is arranged on the air outlet pipe; a secondary clean air inlet is formed in the secondary dilution bin, a secondary clean air inlet pipe is connected to the secondary clean air inlet, and a secondary clean air flow control valve is arranged on the secondary clean air inlet pipe; CO is arranged on the staying bin2A concentration sensor III;
the sampling system comprises an offline sampling system and an online sampling system; the off-line sampling system comprises a sampling port staying on the bin and a plurality of sampling branch pipes connected with the sampling port, wherein a particulate matter cutting head and a sampling film support are respectively arranged on the plurality of sampling branch pipes, and PM can be realized by arranging different cutting heads10、PM2.5The sampling branch pipes are connected with a sampling pump to provide power; the online sampling system comprises an American MAGEE AE-33 black carbon analyzer and a TSI particulate matter analyzer which are respectively connected with the staying bin through a black carbon sampling pipe.
The combustion furnace is further characterized in that the combustion furnace hearth is a cube and is of a movable drawer structure, and the hearth comprises a heat insulation layer, a reinforcing layer, an aluminate cement layer and a hearth bin body; the furnace has a plurality of models, the appearance of the furnace of all models is the same size, but the internal capacity of the furnace chamber is different.
Preferably, the internal volume of the hearth bin body is 50L-100L, and the combustion requirement of 50g-3kg fuel is met.
Preferably, the upper part of the combustion furnace is provided with a square smoke exhaust pipe, and the smoke exhaust pipe is provided with a square sampling port.
Furthermore, a flue gas purification device is additionally arranged at the top of the smoke exhaust pipe.
Preferably, the bottom of the combustion furnace is provided with rollers.
Preferably, the sampling head adopts an 8mm sampling nozzle, and the sampling nozzle is opposite to the airflow during sampling.
Further, an absolute pressure sensor is arranged on the staying cabin (26).
Furthermore, a temperature and humidity sensor is arranged on the stopping bin (26).
The inventor points out that: the connecting parts of the device are connected by using hoses, the connector connected with the instrument is an alloy threaded bayonet connector, and is matched with a Teflon double-ring sealing gasket, so that the gasket has stronger stress bearing capacity, is not easy to age and relax, and can achieve ideal sealing effect. The alloy threaded joint has certain hardness, can bear repeated disassembly and assembly loss, is not easy to scratch, and has good connection performance.
A use method of a sampling and monitoring system for atmospheric pollutants discharged by rural household cooking ranges mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) opening a sampling pump, a pre-dilution pipe fan, a primary clean air flow control valve, a primary bypass air outlet flow control valve, a secondary clean air flow control valve and a smoke purification device fan switch, preheating a sampling gun pipe to 120 ℃, preventing particles in smoke from being attached to the pipe wall of the sampling gun due to condensation, igniting the fuel and then sending the fuel into a combustion furnace, observing the combustion process through a heat-resistant glass window arranged on one surface of a hearth, removing large particles with aerodynamic diameters larger than 2.5 microns in the smoke through a cyclone cutting head arranged behind the sampling gun after the fuel is combusted, then entering the pre-dilution pipe, discharging redundant smoke into the ambient air through a smoke purification device arranged at the top of a smoke exhaust pipe, and enabling the concentration of the discharged smoke to meet the ambient atmospheric standard. The flow rate of the flue gas is about 2-3m/s, and the concentration of the generated flue gas is about 200-300mg/m3。
(2) Before the flue gas enters the pre-dilution pipe, a fan connected with the pre-dilution pipe is started, diluted clean air is adjusted to be 0-60L/min according to the requirement of 1-10 times of dilution ratio, after the flue gas and the clean air are fully mixed, a part of particulate matters enter a dilution system, redundant gas enters a flue gas purification device through a guide pipe at the rear end of the pre-dilution pipe and is discharged to the ambient air through the purification device, and an air outlet control valve is installed on the guide pipe to control the flow rate of the gas.
(3) The outlet end of the pre-dilution pipe is connected with the air inlet of the primary dilution bin through a guide pipe, the primary dilution bin is provided with a clean air inlet, clean air enters the primary dilution bin through the clean air inlet, particulate matters entering the primary dilution bin are diluted under the mixing action of the clean air, the primary dilution bin is provided with a primary bypass outlet, the outlet is connected with an air outlet pipe, the air outlet pipe is provided with a primary bypass air outlet flow control valve, redundant gas in the mixed gas in the primary dilution bin is discharged through the air outlet pipe, and the other part of gas enters the secondary dilution bin; and a secondary clean air introducing port is arranged on the secondary dilution bin, a secondary clean air introducing pipe is connected to the secondary clean air introducing port, and the mixed air is mixed, diluted and cooled under the action of the clean air introduced from the secondary clean air introducing port, and then enters a staying room for condensation, condensation and nucleation. The dilution system satisfies 1: 100 dilution ratio requirement.
The technical principles involved in the present invention include, but are not limited to:
(1) the collection standard of the particulate matter discharged by a fixed source (GB/T16157-;
(2) fixed source particulate matter dilution channel sampling technology guideline HJ 161024-1220;
(3) emission exhaust standard — ambient air quality standard (GB 3095-2012);
(4) standard air clean classification grade 1 clean air in ISO14644-1 standard;
(5) EPA dilution method standard ISO25597: 2013;
(6) a biomass cleaning cooking stove GB/T35564-2017;
(7) indoor air quality standard GB/T18883-;
(8) fixed pollution source flue gas (SO)2、NOXParticulate matter) emission continuous monitoring technical specification HJ 75-2017;
(9) technical requirements of a fixed pollution source smoke emission continuous monitoring system and a detection method (trial) HJ 76-2017;
(10) fixed pollutant waste monitoring technical Specification HJ/T397-2007;
(11) ambient air PM10And PM2.5HJ 618 + 2011;
(12) a test method for a biomass cooking and fire-heating stove NB/T34010-;
(13) compiling a technical guide for the civil coal atmospheric pollutant emission list;
(14) technical guidelines (trial runs) are compiled on the emission lists of the atmospheric pollutants of the biomass combustion source.
The invention relates to a conversion formula of off-line and on-line calculation results and a calculation formula of a dilution part.
(1) Selection of sampling nozzle
Lc≥10Dc
In the formula: d0Diameter of sampling head, mm
V0Flue gas intake, L/min
vs-flue gas flow velocity at sampling head, m/s
DCDiameter of dilution Chamber, mm
tsFlue gas residence time, s
VcVolume of dilution apparatus, L
VzVolume of the residence chamber, L
VjAmount of clean air used, L/min
(2) Reynolds number calculation formula
The gas mixing degree of the pre-dilution pipe is determined by the Reynolds number of the gas, and the Reynolds number needs to be more than 4000 to ensure sufficient mixing.
Re＝ρdu/μ
u＝4Q/πd2
Re＝4Qρ/πdu
In the formula: Re-Reynolds number
Rho-gas density
d-diameter of pipe
u-flow rate of gas in pipe
Mu-gas viscosity coefficient
Q-gas flow in the pipe
(3) Formula for calculating dilution ratio
Dilution ratio DR of each stagei,j,k＝(Qx+Qy)/Qx
In the formula: qxFlow of particles, L/min
QyClean air flow rate, L/min
Total dilution ratio DR ═ Di×Dj×Dk
(4) Parallelism of sampling of each channel
The parallelism of the particle samples collected by each channel is less than or equal to 10 percent.
In the formula: e-relative error%
xi-test value
(5) Formula for calculating emission factor
PM10/PM2.5Offline sampling and weighing method, the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula: EFOff-lineOffline sampling of emission factor, g.kg-1
m-mass difference before and after weighing of sampling film, g
DR-Total dilution ratio
SFlue ductGas production m of the burner flue3/s
SSamplingSampling gun flue gas collection volume m3/s
M-Total amount of Biomass burned, kg
OC/EC off-line sampling, photo-thermal method, the calculation formula is as follows:
the OC, EC (or BC) deposited on the sample film was analyzed using a DRI Model 2015 multiband thermal/optical carbon analyzer, the analysis procedure and calculation formula were as follows:
in the formula: EFEC/OCEC/OC emission factor, g/kg
R-radius of sampling film, cm
DR-Total dilution ratio
SFlue ductGas production m of the burner flue3/s
SSamplingSampling gun flue gas collection volume m3/s
M-Total amount of Biomass burned, kg
PM10/PM2.5And BC online monitoring, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula: EFOn-lineOn-line sampling of emission factor, g.kg-1
N-sampling gas volume, m, of on-line instrument3
DR-Total dilution ratio
SFlue ductGas production m of the burner flue3/s
SSamplingSampling gun flue gas collection volume m3/s
t-sampling time, s
C-mass concentration of contaminants, mg/m3
M-Total amount of Biomass burned, kg
The invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) the invention can give consideration to off-line sampling, on-line monitoring analysis and multi-channel grading sampling to obtain a complete combustion flue gas emission total particle sample, has the function of supporting on-line calibration, has deeper understanding on fluctuation conditions of each stage concentration stage in the combustion process, supplements each other, has high reliability, and can more comprehensively research the emission characteristics of fixed pollution sources.
(2) In the combustion process, CO2Belongs to stable tracer gas, is not easy to be impressed by other factors, and passes through CO2The concentration observation can clearly master the change of the flue gas from the generation to the dilution to the stay sampling process, and the invention reasonably utilizes CO2The monitoring of the concentration sensor not only provides an indication parameter for the amount of the clean air, but also can more accurately calculate the original emission condition of the pollution source compared with the original technical defect in the calculation of the experimental result.
(3) The invention is suitable for various occasions, has compact and simple structure, high reliability, high response speed, high integration level, convenient maintenance and small occupied area of the device, reduces the influence factors such as fields, environments and the like which are not beneficial to field experiments to the maximum extent, can meet the requirements of field pollution source sampling and monitoring, can be applied to the scene simulation of a laboratory, is convenient to disassemble and assemble, has certain mechanical strength for connecting accessories, and ensures the stability and the air tightness of the device.
(4) In the application of a laboratory, the combustion furnace part of the invention adopts the design of the combustion furnace with a variable hearth, and the combustion furnace can be modified under simple operation for the scene simulation close to various domestic stoves in rural areas in actual life. When the position, the material and the size of the stove and the smoke pipe can not meet the condition of on-site sampling, the pollution source discharge condition is better reduced through the situation simulation of a laboratory.
(5) Compared with the prior art, the invention adds the pre-dilution pipe, has the advantages of expanding the adjustment range of the dilution multiple, the adjustment range of the prior art is about 10 to 100 times, and the actual application efficiency only reaches 70 to 80 percent of the ideal effect. If meet small-scale burning experiment, also can make things convenient for the dismouting by the predilution pipe, improve the practicality of device.
(6) The invention increases the flue gas purification, in the routine fixed source particulate matter monitoring, the surplus waste gas is directly discharged in the air, and in the laboratory, the strict requirement is provided for the waste gas discharge, the flue gas purification device can meet the strict condition of the laboratory in the laboratory utilization, the experiment can be selected in the outdoor field experiment, and simultaneously, the simulation can be carried out in the laboratory, the influence of factors such as weather is avoided, and the convenience is provided for the laboratory.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the furnace of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-a combustion furnace; 2-a vent; 3-ash recovery box; 4-heat-resistant glass visual window; 5-CO2A concentration sensor I; 6, a smoke exhaust pipe; 7-a sampling head; 8, a flue gas purification device; 9-sampling gun barrel; 10-a cyclone cutting head; 11-circular dilution tube; 12-CO2A concentration sensor II; 13-pre-dilution pipe outlet flow control valve; 14-high efficiency filter; 15-blower(ii) a 16-first-stage clean air inlet; 17-primary clean air flow control valve; 18-first level bypass air outlet flow control valve; 19-secondary clean air inlet; 20-two-stage clean air flow control valve; 21-first stage dilution bin; 22-primary bypass outlet; 23-secondary dilution bin; 24-absolute pressure sensor; 25-temperature and humidity sensor; 26-a staying bin; 27-sampling and tube dividing; 28-a particulate cutter; 29-sampling membrane support; 30-a sampling pump; 31-CO2A concentration sensor III; 32-American MAGEE AE-33 Black carbon Analyzer; 33-TSI particulate matter analyzer; 34-a thermal insulation layer; 35-a reinforcement layer; a 36-aluminate cement layer; 37-a hearth bin body; 38-smoke pipe mouth.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A sampling and monitoring system for atmospheric pollutants discharged from rural household cooking ranges, comprising the following components: the device comprises a combustion furnace, a sampling gun, a pre-dilution pipe, a dilution system and a sampling system;
the combustion furnace comprises a hearth, a furnace frame, a ventilation opening 2, an ash recovery box 3 and a smoke exhaust pipe 6, wherein a drawer type accommodating cavity for installing the hearth is arranged in the furnace frame, and the hearth can be directly drawn out or pushed into the drawer type accommodating cavity; the hearth is provided with a directly readable CO2The concentration sensor I5 is also provided with a CO installation device on the matched furnace frame2A hole of the concentration sensor I5; the hearth is provided with a directly readable CO2A concentration sensor I5; a heat-resistant glass visual window 4 is arranged on one side surface of the hearth, a smoke exhaust pipe 6 is connected with the upper part of the hearth, a ventilation opening 2 is arranged at the bottom of the hearth, and an ash residue recovery box 3 for collecting residues after fuel combustion is arranged at the lower part of the ventilation opening 2;
the sampling gun comprises a sampling gun tube 9, a sampling head 7 and a cyclone cutting head 10, wherein the sampling head 7 extends into the middle of a smoke exhaust tube through a sampling port 8 of the smoke exhaust tube 6, and the air outlet end of the sampling gun tube 9 is connected with a pre-dilution tube;
the pre-dilution pipe comprises a circular dilution pipe 11, a high-efficiency filter 14, a fan 15, a pre-dilution pipe outlet flow control valve 13 and CO2A concentration sensor II 12, wherein the front end of the circular dilution pipe 11 is provided with an inlet, and the inlet is wind when the inlet is arranged along the airflow air inlet directionThe device comprises a machine 15 and a high-efficiency filter 14, wherein one end of a fan 15 is directly connected with ambient atmosphere, ambient air is sucked in through negative pressure and passes through the high-efficiency filter 14 to obtain clean air, and the clean air enters a circular dilution pipe 11 through an introducing port to be fully mixed and diluted with sampling smoke; part of mixed gas enters a dilution system, and redundant gas is discharged through an exhaust port at the rear end of a circular dilution pipe 11, the exhaust port is connected with an exhaust pipe, the exhaust pipe is connected with a smoke exhaust pipe of a combustion furnace, and an exhaust flow control valve 13 is arranged on the exhaust pipe;
the diluting system comprises a primary diluting bin 21, a secondary diluting bin 23 and a stopping bin 26; the outlet end of the pre-dilution pipe is connected with the air inlet of the primary dilution bin through a conduit, the primary dilution bin 21 is connected with the secondary dilution bin 23, and the secondary dilution bin 23 is connected with the staying bin 26; a primary clean air inlet 16 is formed in the primary diluting bin 21, a primary clean air inlet pipe is connected to the primary clean air inlet 16, a primary clean air flow control valve 17 is arranged on the primary clean air inlet pipe, a primary bypass outlet 22 is formed in the primary diluting bin 21, an air outlet pipe is connected to the primary bypass outlet, and a primary bypass air outlet flow control valve 18 is arranged on the air outlet pipe; a secondary clean air inlet 19 is formed in the secondary dilution bin 23, a secondary clean air inlet pipe is connected to the secondary clean air inlet 19, and a secondary clean air flow control valve 20 is arranged on the secondary clean air inlet pipe; CO is arranged on the staying bin 262A concentration sensor III 31;
the sampling system comprises an offline sampling system and an online sampling system; the off-line sampling system comprises a sampling port on the staying bin 26 and a plurality of sampling branch pipes 27 connected with the sampling port, wherein PM can be realized by installing different cutting heads on the sampling branch pipes 2710、PM2.5The sampling branch pipes 27 are connected with a sampling pump 30 to provide power for fractional sampling; the online sampling system comprises an American MAGEE AE-33 black carbon analyzer 32 and a TSI particulate matter analyzer 33 which are respectively connected with the staying bin 26 through black carbon sampling pipes.
The hearth comprises a heat insulation layer 34, a reinforcing layer 35, an aluminate cement layer 36 and a hearth bin body 37; the front of furnace is equipped with a furnace door, be equipped with furnace visual window 4 on the furnace door.
The inner volume of the hearth bin body is 100L, and the combustion requirement of 3kg fuel is met.
The upper part of the combustion furnace is provided with a square smoke exhaust pipe 6, and the smoke exhaust pipe 6 is provided with a square sampling port.
And a flue gas purification device 8 is additionally arranged at the top of the smoke exhaust pipe 6.
And the bottom of the combustion furnace is provided with rollers.
The sampling head 7 adopts an 8mm sampling nozzle, and the sampling nozzle is opposite to the airflow during sampling.
An absolute pressure sensor 24 and a temperature and humidity sensor 25 are arranged on the stopping bin 26.
When the collection element is PM2.5And when BC and OC are carried out, the sampling part comprises an offline sampling part and an online monitoring part, and the offline sampling film is a quartz film. Sampling system is including staying the sampling port on the storehouse and being connected many sampling branch pipes with the sampling port, and the particulate matter cutting head on original sampling branch pipe is removed to off-line sampling passageway, be provided with dry silica gel granule on the sampling passageway, the particulate matter stays the back through staying the storehouse, through the power that the sampling control valve provided, loops through the sampling and divides the pipe to adhere to on the sampling membrane, accomplishes the off-line particulate matter sampling. The on-line sampling system utilizes a black carbon sampling pipe to respectively connect an AE-33 black carbon analyzer and a TSI particulate matter analyzer of American MAGE company, and the analyzers are provided with sampling valve power. The AE-33 black carbon analyzer sampling tube is provided with a condensate water collecting port, and particulate matter reaches the analyzer through the condensate water collecting port through the carbon black tube, so that real-time BC concentration change occurs; in the other on-line monitoring channel, the particulate matters enter a TSI particulate matter analyzer through a sampling pipe to realize PM2.5And (5) monitoring the concentration of the particulate matters on line.
The use method of the system for sampling and monitoring the atmospheric pollutants discharged by the rural household cooking range mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) opening a sampling pump 30, a pre-dilution pipe fan 15, a primary clean air flow control valve 17, a primary bypass air outlet flow control valve 18, a secondary clean air flow control valve 20 and a fan switch of the flue gas purification deviceThe sampling gun tube 9 is preheated to 120 ℃, particles in the smoke are prevented from being attached to the wall of the sampling gun tube due to condensation, the fuel is ignited and then sent into the combustion furnace, the combustion process can be observed through a heat-resistant glass visual window 4 arranged on one surface of a hearth, after the fuel is combusted, a part of smoke enters a pre-dilution tube after large particles with aerodynamic diameters larger than 2.5 microns in the smoke are removed through a cyclone type cutting head 10 arranged behind the sampling gun, in addition, the redundant smoke is discharged into the ambient air through a smoke discharge tube 6 top smoke purification device, and the discharged concentration meets the ambient atmosphere standard. The flue gas flow is about 2-3m/s, and the generated flue gas concentration is about 200-300mg/m3。
(2) Before the flue gas enters the pre-dilution pipe, a fan 15 connected with the pre-dilution pipe is opened, diluted clean air is adjusted to be 0-60L/min according to the requirement of 1-10 times of dilution ratio, after the flue gas and the clean air are fully mixed, a part of the flue gas enters a dilution system, redundant gas is discharged to the ambient air through a guide pipe connected with a flue gas purification device, and an air outlet flow control valve of the pre-dilution pipe is used for controlling the flow of the discharged gas.
(3) The outlet end of the pre-dilution pipe is connected with the air inlet of the primary dilution bin through a conduit, a primary clean air inlet 16 is arranged on the primary dilution bin 21, clean air is introduced into the primary dilution bin 21 through an inlet pipe, particulate matters entering the primary dilution bin 21 are diluted under the mixing action of the clean air, a primary bypass outlet 22 is arranged on the primary dilution bin 21, an air outlet pipe is connected to the primary bypass outlet 22, a primary bypass air outlet flow control valve 18 is arranged on the air outlet pipe, redundant gas in the mixed gas in the primary dilution bin 21 is discharged through the air outlet pipe, and the other part of gas enters the secondary dilution bin 23; the secondary dilution bin 23 is provided with a secondary clean air inlet 19, the secondary clean air inlet 19 is connected with a secondary clean air inlet pipe, and the secondary clean air inlet pipe is mixed, diluted and cooled under the action of clean air introduced by the secondary clean air inlet pipe, and then enters the staying bin 26 for condensation, condensation and nucleation. The dilution system satisfies 1: 100 dilution ratio requirement.
Example 2
A sampling and monitoring system for atmospheric pollutants discharged from rural household cooking ranges, comprising the following components: the system comprises a combustion furnace, a sampling gun, a dilution system and a sampling system;
the combustion furnace comprises a hearth, a furnace frame, a ventilation opening 2, an ash recovery box 3 and a smoke exhaust pipe 6, wherein a drawer type accommodating cavity for installing the hearth is arranged in the furnace frame, and the hearth can be directly drawn out or pushed into the drawer type accommodating cavity; the hearth is provided with a directly readable CO2The concentration sensor I5 is also provided with a CO installation device on the matched furnace frame2A hole of the concentration sensor I5; the hearth is provided with a directly readable CO2A concentration sensor I5; a heat-resisting glass visual window 4 is arranged on one side surface of the hearth, a smoke exhaust pipe 6 is connected with the upper part of the hearth, a ventilation opening 2 is arranged at the bottom of the hearth, and an ash residue recovery box 3 for collecting residues after fuel combustion is arranged at the lower part of the ventilation opening 2
The sampling gun comprises a sampling gun tube 9, a sampling head 7 and a cyclone cutting head 10, wherein the sampling head 7 extends into the middle of a smoke exhaust tube through a sampling port 8 of the smoke exhaust tube 6, and the air outlet end of the sampling gun tube 9 is connected with a dilution system;
the diluting system comprises a primary diluting bin 21, a secondary diluting bin 23 and a stopping bin 26; the outlet end of the pre-dilution pipe is connected with the air inlet of the primary dilution bin through a conduit, the primary dilution bin 21 is connected with the secondary dilution bin 23, and the secondary dilution bin 23 is connected with the staying bin 26; a primary clean air inlet 16 is formed in the primary diluting bin 21, a primary clean air inlet pipe is connected to the primary clean air inlet 16, a primary clean air flow control valve 17 is arranged on the primary clean air inlet pipe, a primary bypass outlet 22 is formed in the primary diluting bin 21, an air outlet pipe is connected to the primary bypass outlet, and a primary bypass air outlet flow control valve 18 is arranged on the air outlet pipe; a secondary clean air inlet 19 is formed in the secondary dilution bin 23, a secondary clean air inlet pipe is connected to the secondary clean air inlet 19, and a secondary clean air flow control valve 20 is arranged on the secondary clean air inlet pipe; CO is arranged on the staying bin 262A concentration sensor III 31;
the sampling system comprises an offline sampling system and an online sampling system; the off-line sampling system comprises a staying bin 26The sampling port and a plurality of sampling branch pipes 27 connected with the sampling port, PM can be realized by installing different cutting heads on the plurality of sampling branch pipes 2710、PM2.5The sampling branch pipes 27 are connected with a sampling pump 30 to provide power for fractional sampling; the online sampling system comprises an American MAGEE AE-33 black carbon analyzer 32 and a TSI particulate matter analyzer 33 which are respectively connected with the staying bin 26 through black carbon sampling pipes.
The hearth comprises a heat insulation layer 34, a reinforcing layer 35, an aluminate cement layer 36 and a hearth bin body 37; the front of furnace is equipped with a furnace door, be equipped with furnace visual window 4 on the furnace door. The movable door matched with the hearth is arranged on the furnace frame of the combustion furnace, the movable door is also provided with a visible window, and the visible window has the same size and is matched with the position of the visible window 4 of the hearth. When the movable door is used, the movable door is opened, a hearth with proper content is selected to be placed into the movable door for use, the two visual windows on the hearth door and the movable door are consistent in position and same in size, and the combustion condition of the content inside the movable door can be observed conveniently.
The corresponding relation between the internal capacity of the hearth bin body and the fuel adopted by the embodiment is
| Volume of furnace | Practical fuel quantity | Range of dilution ratio |
| 50L | 50-60g | 1-100 |
| 70L | 0.5-1kg | 1-500 |
| 100L | 2-3kg | 1-500 |
The upper part of the combustion furnace is provided with a square smoke exhaust pipe 6, and the smoke exhaust pipe 6 is provided with a square sampling port.
The top of the smoke exhaust pipe 6 is additionally provided with a smoke purification device 8, and the smoke purification device comprises a purifier, a filter screen, a high-efficiency filter, an activated carbon unit and a fan.
And the bottom of the combustion furnace is provided with rollers.
The sampling head 7 adopts an 8mm sampling nozzle, and the sampling nozzle is opposite to the airflow during sampling.
An absolute pressure sensor 24 and a temperature and humidity sensor 25 are arranged on the stopping bin 26.
When the collection element needs to realize PM10、PM2.5And (3) sampling in a grading manner, wherein the online monitoring only supports the online monitoring of TSI (total suspended particulate) particles, and a sampling gun needs to be detached from the cyclone cutting head before sampling. The sampling system comprises a sampling port staying on the bin and a plurality of sampling branch pipes connected with the sampling port, and two PMs are respectively arranged on the sampling branch pipes of the off-line sampling channels10、PM2.5Particulate matter cutting head for PM realization10、PM2.5Sampling in grades, be provided with dry silica gel granule on the sampling passageway, the particulate matter stops the back through stopping the storehouse, through the power that the sampling control valve provided, through attaching to on the sampling membrane behind the sampling passageway, accomplishes the off-line particulate matter sampling. The on-line sampling system utilizes a black carbon sampling pipe to connect the TSI particulate matter analyzer with the staying bin, the analyzer is provided with a sampling valve, particulate matters enter the TSI particulate matter analyzer through the sampling pipe, and PM is realized2.5/PM10And (5) monitoring the concentration of the particulate matters on line.
Claims (10)
1. A sampling and monitoring system for atmospheric pollutants discharged by rural household cooking ranges is characterized by comprising: the device comprises a combustion furnace, a sampling gun, a pre-dilution pipe, a dilution system and a sampling system;
the combustion furnace comprises a hearth, a ventilation opening (2), an ash recovery box (3) and a smoke exhaust pipe (6); the hearth is provided with a directly readable CO2A concentration sensor I (5); a heat-resistant glass visual window (4) is arranged on one side surface of the hearth, the upper part of the hearth is connected with a smoke exhaust pipe (6), a ventilation opening (2) is arranged at the bottom of the hearth, and an ash residue recovery box (3) for collecting residues after fuel combustion is arranged at the lower part of the ventilation opening (2);
the sampling gun comprises a sampling gun tube (9), a sampling head (7) and a cyclone cutting head (10), wherein the sampling head (7) extends into the middle of a smoke exhaust tube through a sampling port of the smoke exhaust tube (6), and an air outlet end of the sampling gun tube (9) is connected with a pre-dilution tube;
the pre-dilution pipe comprises a circular dilution pipe (11), a high-efficiency filter (14), a fan (15), a pre-dilution pipe gas outlet flow control valve (13), and CO2The front end of the circular dilution pipe (11) is provided with an introduction port, the introduction port is a fan (15) and a high-efficiency filter (14) in sequence along the air flow inlet direction, one end of the fan (15) is directly connected with the ambient atmosphere, ambient air is sucked in a negative pressure mode and is subjected to high-efficiency filter (14) to obtain clean air, and the clean air enters the circular dilution pipe (11) through the introduction port to be fully mixed and diluted with sampling smoke; part of mixed gas enters a dilution system, and redundant gas is discharged through an exhaust port at the rear end of a circular dilution pipe (11), the exhaust port is connected with an exhaust pipe, the exhaust pipe is connected to a flue gas purification device of a combustion furnace, and an exhaust flow control valve (13) is arranged on the exhaust pipe to control the outlet flow;
the diluting system comprises a primary diluting bin (21), a secondary diluting bin (23) and a stopping bin (26); the outlet end of the pre-dilution pipe is connected with the air inlet of the primary dilution bin through a guide pipe, the primary dilution bin (21) is connected with the secondary dilution bin (23), and the secondary dilution bin (23) is connected with the staying bin (26); a primary clean air introducing port (16) is arranged on the primary diluting bin (21), and the primary clean air introducing port (16) is connected withA primary clean air inlet pipe is arranged, and a primary clean air flow control valve (17) is arranged on the primary clean air inlet pipe; a primary bypass outlet (22) is arranged on the primary dilution bin (21), an air outlet pipe is connected to the primary bypass outlet, and a primary bypass air outlet flow control valve (18) is arranged on the air outlet pipe; a secondary clean air inlet (19) is formed in the secondary dilution bin (23), a secondary clean air inlet pipe is connected to the secondary clean air inlet (19), and a secondary clean air flow control valve (20) is arranged on the secondary clean air inlet pipe; CO is arranged on the staying bin (26)2A concentration sensor III (31);
the sampling system comprises an offline sampling system and an online sampling system; the off-line sampling system comprises a sampling port on a stopping bin (26) and a plurality of sampling branch pipes (27) connected with the sampling port, wherein a particulate matter cutter (28) and a sampling film support (29) are respectively arranged on the sampling branch pipes (27), and PM can be realized by arranging different cutting heads10、PM2.5The sampling branch pipes (27) are connected with a sampling pump (30) to provide power for fractional sampling; the online sampling system comprises an American MAGEE AE-33 black carbon analyzer (32) and a TSI particulate matter analyzer (33) which are respectively connected with the staying bin (26) through a black carbon sampling pipe.
2. The rural domestic stove emission atmospheric pollutant sampling and monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: the hearth is a cube and is of a movable drawer structure, and the hearth comprises a heat insulation layer (34), a reinforcing layer (35), an aluminate cement layer (36) and a hearth body (37); the furnace has a plurality of models, the appearance of the furnace of all models is the same size, but the internal capacity of the furnace chamber is different.
3. The rural domestic stove emission atmospheric pollutant sampling and monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: the inner volume of the hearth bin body is 50L-100L, and the combustion requirement of 50g-3kg fuel is met.
4. The rural domestic stove emission atmospheric pollutant sampling and monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: the upper part of the combustion furnace is provided with a square smoke exhaust pipe (6), and the smoke exhaust pipe (6) is provided with a square sampling port.
5. The rural domestic stove emission atmospheric pollutant sampling and monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: the top of the smoke exhaust pipe (6) is additionally provided with a smoke purifying device (8); the flue gas purification device comprises a purifier, a filter screen, a high-efficiency filter, an activated carbon unit and a fan.
6. The rural domestic stove emission atmospheric pollutant sampling and monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: and the bottom of the combustion furnace is provided with rollers.
7. The rural domestic stove emission atmospheric pollutant sampling and monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: the sampling head (7) adopts an 8mm sampling nozzle, and the sampling nozzle is opposite to the airflow during sampling.
8. A rural domestic stove exhaust atmospheric pollutant sampling and monitoring system according to claim 1 characterised in that an absolute pressure sensor (24) is provided on said holding bin (26).
9. A sampling and monitoring system for atmospheric pollutants discharged from rural domestic stoves according to claim 1, characterized in that a temperature and humidity sensor (25) is provided on the residence chamber (26).
10. A use method of a sampling and monitoring system for atmospheric pollutants discharged by rural household cooking ranges mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) opening a sampling pump, a pre-dilution pipe fan, a primary clean air flow control valve, a primary bypass air outlet flow control valve, a secondary clean air flow control valve and a smoke purification device fan switch, preheating a sampling gun pipe to 120 ℃, preventing particles in smoke from attaching to the pipe wall of the sampling gun due to condensation, igniting the fuel and then sending the fuel into a combustion furnace, observing the combustion process through a heat-resistant glass visual window arranged on one surface of a hearth, removing large particles with aerodynamic diameters larger than 2.5 microns in the smoke through a cyclone cutting head arranged behind the sampling gun after the fuel is combusted, then entering the pre-dilution pipe, discharging redundant smoke into the ambient air through a smoke purification device arranged at the top of a smoke discharge pipe, wherein the concentration of the discharged smoke meets the ambient atmospheric standard;
(2) the flue gas enters a pre-dilution pipe to be fully mixed with clean air, the flow rate of the clean air is 0-60L/min according to the requirement of 1-10 times of dilution ratio, a part of particulate matters enter a dilution system, redundant gas enters a flue gas purification device through a guide pipe at the rear end of the pre-dilution pipe and is discharged to the ambient air through the purification device, and an air outlet control valve is arranged on the guide pipe to control the flow rate of the effluent gas;
(3) the outlet end of the pre-dilution pipe is connected with the air inlet of the primary dilution bin through a guide pipe, the primary dilution bin is provided with a clean air inlet, clean air enters the primary dilution bin through the clean air inlet, particulate matters entering the primary dilution bin are diluted under the mixing action of the clean air, the primary dilution bin is provided with a primary bypass outlet, the primary bypass outlet is connected with an air outlet pipe, the air outlet pipe is provided with a primary bypass air outlet flow control valve, redundant gas in the mixed gas in the primary dilution bin is discharged through the air outlet pipe, and the other part of gas enters the secondary dilution bin; and a secondary clean air introducing port is arranged on the secondary dilution bin, a secondary clean air introducing pipe is connected to the secondary clean air introducing port, and the mixed air is mixed, diluted and cooled under the action of the clean air introduced from the secondary clean air introducing port, and then enters a staying room for condensation, condensation and nucleation.
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