CN112575899B - Membrane roof cowshed for improving comfort of dairy cows and installation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Membrane roof cowshed for improving comfort of dairy cows and installation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112575899B CN112575899B CN202011440969.2A CN202011440969A CN112575899B CN 112575899 B CN112575899 B CN 112575899B CN 202011440969 A CN202011440969 A CN 202011440969A CN 112575899 B CN112575899 B CN 112575899B
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/32—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/0094—Animal shelters or barns especially adapted for keeping horses
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
- E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/342—Structures covering a large free area, whether open-sided or not, e.g. hangars, halls
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- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/64—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor for making damp-proof; Protection against corrosion
- E04B1/642—Protecting metallic construction elements against corrosion
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- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
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- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
- E04G21/14—Conveying or assembling building elements
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
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- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/50—Livestock or poultry management
- Y02P60/52—Livestock or poultry management use of renewable energies
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- Tents Or Canopies (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a membrane roof cowshed for improving the comfort level of cows and an installation method and application thereof, and the membrane roof cowshed comprises a foundation (1), a steel structure framework (2), a membrane coating layer (3), a wall body (4) and wall body upright posts (13), wherein the top of a middle ridge beam (8) of the steel structure framework (2) is arched, steel columns (5) are arranged on two sides of the middle ridge beam, one end of each steel column (5) is fixedly connected with a lower beam (6), the steel columns and the lower beam are converted into arc-shaped bending downwards after being extended for a certain distance in the same width, and the upper chord and the lower chord in the vertical direction are gradually narrowed to the extent that the other end of each steel column is fixedly connected with the wall body upright posts (13); according to the cowshed, the membrane material is used as the covering material of the cowshed roof, so that light is not required to be supplemented in the daytime by adopting a light irradiation mode, and the illumination required by the body of the cow can be effectively supplemented. The steel structure framework can completely bear the weight of the film coating layer, can completely save the middle upright post, is favorable for physical and psychological health of cultured animals, and improves the production efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of livestock breeding facilities, in particular to a membrane roof cowshed for improving the comfort level of cows and an installation method and application thereof.
Background
At present, a cowshed with a conventional design is constructed in a large-scale cattle farm, a door type rigid frame is used as a support in a basic structural form, and a single-layer color steel plate or a double-sided color steel composite heat insulation plate is adopted for a roof and a wall. The portal rigid frame is a traditional structural system, an upper main framework of the structure comprises a rigid frame oblique beam, a rigid frame column, supports, purlins, tie bars, gable frameworks and the like, and the portal rigid frame has the characteristics of simple stress, clear force transmission path, quick component manufacturing, convenience for factory processing, short construction period and the like, so that the portal rigid frame is widely applied to industrial and civil buildings such as industrial, commercial and cultural entertainment public facilities and the like. In the design of conventional cowshed, need with a large amount of various steel sheets, the roofing is very heavy, consequently need to support with the gate-type steelframe, and this kind of structure compares with traditional brick-concrete structure's cowshed, has the advantage in construction and the cost, but, along with animal husbandry's development and the continuous emergence of new material, this current cowshed structural style is facing the challenge, and the concrete manifestation is in:
1. new breeding modes require a cowshed with large span and no intermediate uprights. Due to the technical progress, a fermentation bed is developed in the cattle raising industry, is environment-friendly and comfortable, is consistently accepted in the industry, and has become the mainstream form of the future cattle shed bed, but the bed needs to be turned, cleaned and replaced regularly during the use process, and large-scale machinery is needed to enter the bed to complete the bed, so that the cattle shed needs to be built into a large-span and internal barrier-free form. Moreover, due to the development of productivity and the rising of labor price, the work in the cowshed is gradually replaced by machines, and the machines entering the cowshed need large open space and less indoor obstacles. Although the existing portal steel structure cowshed can reach the span of dozens of meters, a vertical column needs to be arranged at a certain distance of the portal steel frame beam to be used as a support, and when mechanical operation is carried out in the cowshed, a plurality of indoor vertical columns become obstacles.
The demand for environmental comfort from cows increases. In order to improve the milk production efficiency of dairy cows, a comfortable living environment is required to be provided for the dairy cows, the dairy cows like spacious space, sufficient illumination, sufficient fresh air and quiet environment, the existing portal rigid frame adopts a single-layer color steel plate or a double-sided composite heat insulation plate as a roof and a wall body, and has no light transmittance, other measures are required to be taken for obtaining the required illumination, such as adopting a lighting band, adopting a roof overturning system and the like, building an outdoor playground under certain conditions, arranging indoor lamps and the like, the building cost and the operation cost are higher, but the technical effect does not reach an ideal state. In addition, the wall body and the roof have high noise, have strong reflection effect on indoor sound and are not beneficial to the growth of the dairy cows.
The color steel plate is seriously corroded, has insufficient aesthetic property and is not easy to repair after being damaged. Contain the belching that a large amount of cattle bodies produced in the cowshed air, the volatile acid of silage, the material in the cow dung, there is stronger corrosion to various steel sheet, and because need pierce through various steel sheet with the fastener and be connected with the purlin during various steel sheet installation, just so destroyed the surface coating of various steel sheet, the corruption of various steel sheet has been accelerated to a certain extent, roofing and the wall body of various steel sheet just corrode, rust, the breach, drop etc. generally in 5-6 years, consume time and consume effort during the restoration, be the great expenditure of expense in the maintenance cost when the cattle farm is managed. In addition, the color steel plate is used as a rigid building material, only a plane can be constructed, and certain limitation is realized in the aspect of meeting the requirement of people on beauty. In addition, such rigid building materials are not easily repaired when damaged during installation or use.
In the livestock breeding industry, the major structure of beasts and birds colony house is almost, but along with the improvement and the application of intelligent mechanical equipment to animal comfort degree requirement, the problem of above-mentioned cowshed also all exists in current beasts and birds colony house, because be difficult to change after the major structure of beasts and birds colony house is built, the use of entering the field of having restricted intelligent mechanical equipment to a certain extent, consequently need provide the beasts and birds colony house form that an inside does not have stand, the large-span is opened wide the space, in order to satisfy the demand of livestock breeding industry development.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a membrane house cover cowshed for improving the comfort degree of cows, an installation method and application thereof, and aims to provide a building form of a livestock and poultry colony house without a stand column inside and a large-span open space, so as to meet the requirement of modernized development of animal husbandry.
The membrane roof cowshed for improving the comfort level of the dairy cows comprises a foundation, a steel structure framework, a membrane covering layer, a wall body and wall body stand columns, wherein the wall body stand columns are fixedly arranged on the foundation, and the wall body comprises a gable wall body and a side wall body between the wall body stand columns; the steel structure framework is a roof supporting structure formed by fixedly connecting a plurality of steel roof trusses, horizontal supports, column supports, rigid tie rods, gable cross beams and gable upright columns; the steel roof truss is composed of steel columns on two sides, lower beams on two sides, upper beams on two sides and a middle ridge beam; the shapes and the installation positions of the steel column, the lower beam, the upper beam and the ridge beam are different, but the steel column, the lower beam, the upper beam and the ridge beam have the same structure and are all formed by fixedly connecting an upper chord member, a web member and a lower chord member; one end of the steel column is fixedly connected with the lower beam, the steel column is turned into an arc shape after extending for a certain distance with the same width as the lower beam, the steel column bends downwards, and the upper chord and the lower chord in the vertical direction are gradually narrowed to the other end to be fixedly connected with the wall upright; the truss is arranged on the roof part of a plurality of uniformly arranged steel roof trusses and forms a main body of a steel structure framework together with the plurality of steel roof trusses; two side surfaces of the steel roof truss are provided with rigid tie bars; a set of horizontal support and inter-column support are respectively arranged between two adjacent steel roof trusses at two ends of the steel structural framework, and a set of horizontal support and inter-column support between the steel roof trusses are arranged in the middle of the steel structural framework every 5-9 steel roof trusses; the lower ends of the gable upright columns at the two ends of the steel structure framework are embedded into a foundation; the film coating layer is fixedly installed on the outer side of the steel structure framework.
The invention provides a method for installing a membrane roof cowshed for improving the comfort of cows, which comprises the following installation steps:
s1, pouring a cowshed foundation first, and installing wall upright posts well first;
s2, mounting steel columns on two sides of the head steel roof truss in place through a crane, fixing column feet and wall upright columns through nuts, and removing the hanging strips after the fixation is finished;
s3, sequentially installing steel columns at two sides of each steel roof truss;
s4, mounting a rigid tie bar between two steel roof trusses to ensure the stability of the structure;
s5, hoisting the lower beams at the two sides of the head steel roof truss in place through a crane, and fastening the lower beams through bolts; s6, sequentially installing the lower beams at two sides of each steel roof truss adjacent to each other;
s7, mounting a truss connected with the lower beam between two steel roof trusses to ensure the stability of the structure;
s8, hoisting the upper beams at two sides of the head steel roof truss in place through a crane and fastening the upper beams with bolts;
s9, sequentially installing upper beams at two sides of each steel roof truss adjacent to each other;
s10, mounting a truss connected with the upper beam between two steel roof trusses to ensure the stability of the structure;
s11, hoisting the ridge beam in place through a crane, and fastening the ridge beam through bolts;
s12, sequentially installing ridge beams of adjacent trusses;
s13, mounting a truss between two ridge beams to ensure the stability of the structure;
s14, mounting a horizontal support and an inter-column support;
s15, mounting a gable upright post;
and S16, mounting a coating layer.
Further, in the installation method, in step S1, the lower end of the wall upright is fixedly installed on a foundation by using M36 anchor bolts and three backing plates; in step S15, the lower end of the gable post is installed on a foundation using M36 anchor bolts and three tie plates.
Further, the coating layer is a film material having light transmittance.
Furthermore, the side wall between the wall upright posts is any one of a switchable rolling door, an inflatable cushion and a membrane material.
Furthermore, cantilever cornices are arranged on the outer sides of the lower parts of the steel columns of the steel structure framework.
Furthermore, in the middle of the steel structure framework, every other steel roof truss is provided with a set of horizontal supports and inter-column supports between the steel roof trusses.
Furthermore, an access door is arranged on the gable wall.
The invention also provides an application method of the membrane roof cowshed for improving the comfort level of the dairy cows in dairy cow breeding.
The mounting method of the membrane roof cowshed for improving the comfort of the cows, provided by the invention, can be applied to the construction of livestock and poultry houses.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. large span, house interior no stand: according to the membrane roof cowshed for improving the comfort of the dairy cows, the steel column, the foundation and the gable upright column bear vertical force and horizontal thrust by utilizing an arch effect, the arch ring only bears axial pressure, and the section bar only bears tension or pressure along the direction of the member, so that the performance of steel can be fully exerted compared with that of a same-span beam of H-shaped steel, materials can be saved, the rigidity is improved, and a larger crossing space is obtained. Because the steel structure framework of the roof is stably supported, a film material can be used as a covering material of the cowshed roof, the film material is lighter, the steel structure framework of the invention can completely bear the weight of the film coating layer, the middle upright post can be completely saved in the cowshed, after the fermentation bed is used in the cowshed, the machine can still perform barrier-free operation in the cowshed, and the dairy cows can run and scatter inside, thereby being beneficial to the physical and mental health of the dairy cows and improving the production efficiency of the dairy cows.
The special structure of the arched steel structure skeleton can ensure the overall tightness and stability of the high ridge large-span upright post-free roof: the invention adopts a supporting structure mode of fixedly connecting the steel roof truss and the truss, and the steel roof truss with a plurality of roof trusses and the rigid tie rods on the two side surfaces are fixedly connected, thereby ensuring the stability of the steel structure framework outside the plane. The steel column of the steel roof truss adopts a structure that one end is fixedly connected with a lower beam, the steel column is converted into an arc-shaped bend downwards after extending for a certain distance with the same width as the lower beam, and the steel column is gradually narrowed between an upper chord and a lower chord in the vertical direction until the other end is fixedly connected with a wall upright; what the roof adopted is the ridge roof beam of arch steel construction, only bears axial pressure, has very good stability, enables the cowshed top higher moreover, makes cowshed upper portion space more wide, satisfies the operation demand of machinery in the cowshed. Since the cowshed of the present invention is covered with a membrane material, it is not a major requirement to withstand the weight of the roofing material, but how to maintain the overall tightness and stability of such a large span (> 36 m) steel structural framework without the presence of uprights in the cowshed. In order to fully consider the arching effect and save the steel consumption, the height of the ridge node is higher, the slope of the roof can be steeper, the design not only meets the space requirement of machinery in the cowshed, but also can generate the chimney effect, and has good exhaust effect on the ammonia accumulated in the cowshed. The steel structure framework of the membrane structure cowshed needs to bear more downward and outward force, the ridge beam position is the part with the largest negative bending moment, and the invention adopts the cross section with smoothly changed widths from the arched ridge beam, the arched upper beam, the arched lower beam to the bottom of the steel column according to the actual stress condition. By adopting the special structural form of the ridge beam and the steel column, the downward and outward forces can be well borne, and are guided to be transmitted to the wall upright post or the foundation through the gradually narrowed part of the steel column, so that the integral tightness and stability of the cowshed long-span upright post-free roof can be ensured.
Sufficient illumination, small noise, beautiful appearance and easy repair: as the arched steel structure rigid support film-coated roof cowshed disclosed by the invention is matched with a PVC polyester fiber film material which is a film material with light transmittance, light supplement is not needed in the daytime by adopting a light irradiation mode, so that the light required by the body of the cow can be effectively supplemented, and the energy is saved. Compared with a color steel plate, the membrane is a flexible material, cannot reflect sound, and reduces noise in the cowshed. The flexible material can be matched with steel structures to make various more flexible shapes, and the aesthetic requirements of people are met. In addition, the membrane material has stronger crease resistance in the transportation and installation process, is not easy to damage, and can be easily repaired in a heat sealing mode even if damaged.
The construction engineering is simple, the installation operation is easy and safe, and the overall corrosion resistance of the cowshed is good: the membrane roof cowshed for improving the comfort level of the dairy cows adopts prefabricated steel structural accessories and is assembled on site, the roof is tied by the stay cable and is tightly tied by the tensioner, accessories do not need to be welded on the original structure, the material does not need to penetrate, and the connection strength is ensured under the condition that the stress state and the coating of the original structure are not damaged; and the stay time of workers in high-altitude operation is reduced, so that the safety and the corrosion resistance of installation operation are improved.
Save steel use amount, energy-concerving and environment-protective, reduce cowshed construction cost: the steel consumption of the steel structure framework form of the invention is saved by more than 50% compared with the steel consumption of the door steel structure form. In addition, the steel structure framework form of the invention is suitable for cowhouses with various spans, and all the members are pulled or pressed by the axes, compared with the door rigid structure form, the applicable cowhouse span is larger, the stress of the members is more reasonable, and the performances of the steel structure and the membrane material can be more fully exerted.
Prolong cowshed life, reduce the maintenance cost: according to the arched steel structure rigid support film-coated roof cowshed, the roof made of the film material is not used, so that the corrosion effect of gas in the cowshed can be resisted, the service life is as long as 10-15 years, if the film material is damaged, the film material can be repaired in a heat sealing mode, the maintenance mode is simple, and the maintenance cost is low.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a film house gable facade structure of a cowshed for improving the comfort of cows
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the membrane roof cowshed side wall elevation structure for improving the comfort of the cow
FIG. 3 is a structural schematic view of a membrane roof cowshed steel roof truss for improving the comfort of cows
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a steel column structure of a steel roof truss
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a steel structure skeleton of a membrane house cowshed for improving the comfort of cows
FIG. 6 is a horizontal supporting structure diagram of a membrane roof cowshed steel structure for improving the comfort of cows
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the inter-column support structure of the membrane house cover cowshed steel structure for improving the comfort of cows
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the appearance of a membrane house with gable walls for improving the comfort of cows
The various reference numbers in the figures are listed below:
1. a foundation; 2. a steel structure framework; 3. a film coating layer; 4. a wall body; 5. a steel column; 6. a lower beam; 7. an upper beam; 8. a ridge beam; 9. cantilever cornice; 10. an upper chord; 11. a web member; 12. a lower chord; 13. wall columns; 14. an entrance door; 15. a steel roof truss; 16. a truss; 17. horizontally supporting; 18. supporting among the columns; 19. a rigid tie bar; 20. gable cross beams; 21. gable post.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The membrane roof cowshed for improving the comfort level of the cows comprises a foundation 1, a steel structure framework 2, a membrane layer 3, a wall body 4 and wall body upright columns 13, wherein the wall body upright columns 13 are fixedly arranged on the foundation 1, and the wall body 4 comprises a side wall body between a gable wall body and the wall body upright columns 13; the steel structure framework 2 is a roof supporting structure formed by fixedly connecting a plurality of steel roof trusses 15, trusses 16, horizontal supports 17, inter-column supports 18, rigid tie rods 19, gable cross beams 20 and gable upright columns 21; the steel roof truss 15 is composed of steel columns 5 on two sides, lower beams 6 on two sides, upper beams 7 on two sides and a middle ridge beam 8, the shapes and the installation positions of the steel columns 5, the lower beams 6, the upper beams 7 and the ridge beam 8 are different, but the structures are the same, and the steel roof truss is formed by fixedly connecting an upper chord 10, a web member 11 and a lower chord 12; the top of the ridge beam 8 is arched; one end of the steel column 5 is fixedly connected with the lower beam 6, the steel column is turned into an arc shape after extending for a certain distance with the same width as the lower beam, the steel column bends downwards, and the upper chord and the lower chord in the vertical direction are gradually narrowed to the other end to be fixedly connected with the wall upright 13; the truss 16 is arranged on the roof part of a plurality of uniformly arranged steel roof trusses 15 and forms a main body of the steel structure framework 2 together with the plurality of steel roof trusses 15; two side surfaces of the steel roof truss 15 are provided with rigid tie bars 19; a set of horizontal support 17 and inter-column support 18 are respectively arranged between two adjacent steel roof trusses at two ends of the steel structural framework 2, and a set of horizontal support 17 and inter-column support 18 between the steel roof trusses are arranged in the middle of the steel structural framework 2 at intervals of 5-9 steel roof trusses 15; the lower ends of the gable upright columns 21 at the two ends of the steel structure framework 2 are embedded into a foundation; the film coating layer 3 is fixedly arranged on the outer side of the steel structure framework 2 by adopting a tensioner.
The invention discloses an installation method of a membrane roof cowshed for improving the comfort level of cows, which comprises the following installation steps:
s1, pouring the cowshed foundation 1, and installing the wall upright posts 13;
s2, mounting steel columns 5 on two sides of a head steel roof truss 15 in place through a crane, fixing column bases and wall upright columns 13 through nuts, and removing hanging strips after fixing is finished;
s3, sequentially installing the steel columns 5 at the two sides of the steel roof trusses 15 adjacent to each other;
s4, mounting the steel tie rod 19 between two steel roof trusses 15 to ensure the stability of the structure;
s5, hoisting the lower beams 6 on the two sides of the head steel roof truss 15 in place through a crane, and fastening the lower beams with bolts; s6, sequentially installing the lower beams 6 at two sides of each steel roof truss 15 adjacent to each other;
s7, installing a truss connected with the lower beam 6 between the two steel roof trusses 15 to ensure the stability of the structure;
s8, hoisting the upper beams 7 on the two sides of the head steel roof truss 15 in place through a crane, and fastening the upper beams with bolts;
s9, sequentially installing the upper beams 7 at two sides of the steel roof trusses 15 adjacent to each other;
s10, installing a truss connected with the upper beam 7 between the two steel roof trusses 15 to ensure the stability of the structure;
s11, hoisting the ridge beam 8 in place through a crane and fastening the ridge beam with bolts;
s12, sequentially installing ridge beams 8 of adjacent trusses;
s13, mounting a truss between two ridge beams 8 to ensure the stability of the structure;
s14, installing the horizontal support 17 and the inter-column support 18;
s15, mounting a gable upright post 21;
s16, coating layer 3 is attached.
Preferably, in step S1, the lower end of the wall upright 13 is fixedly mounted on the foundation 1 by using M36 anchor bolts and three tie plates; in step S15, the lower end of the gable post 21 is mounted on the foundation 1 using M36 anchor bolts and three tie plates.
Further, the coating layer 3 is a film material having light transmittance. Mainly be PVC polyester fiber membrane material, be provided with the shell-like structure in the position that the membrane material needs to be connected with the steel construction, interior steel pipe of wearing, carry out the ligature with the upper chord of steel construction roof truss with the rope, the wall body position is with wall roof beam or stand ligature, and the tensioning ware of reuse is taut. The film and the film joint part are externally coated with a film and are respectively hot-melted together by a hot melting machine.
Further, the side wall between the wall upright posts 13 is any one of a switchable rolling door, an inflatable cushion and a film material. The cow is afraid of heat and cold, the rolling door or the inflatable cushion is completely opened to ventilate and radiate heat under the general condition, and the rolling door or the inflatable cushion needs to be closed to keep the temperature of the cow house when the weather is cold. Especially in cold places, the membrane material is adopted to seal the cowshed together with the roof.
Further, cantilever cornices 9 are arranged on the outer sides of the lower portions of the steel columns 5 of the steel structure framework 2. Preventing rainwater from accumulating on the foundation to corrode the wall upright 13.
Further, a set of horizontal supports 17 and inter-column supports 18 between the steel roof trusses are arranged in the middle of the steel structure framework 2 at intervals of 7 steel roof trusses 15. The horizontal supports 17 and the inter-column supports 18 can balance the stress condition of a plurality of steel roof trusses, so that the steel structure framework is more stable.
Further, an access door 14 is arranged on the gable wall. In the northeast cold weather areas, the gable wall bodies need to be made of rolling doors, heat-insulating plates or film materials, and when the weather is severe cold, the cowshed is closed together by matching with the side wall bodies, so that the heat of the cowshed is preserved. However, in the north and south of the river, the gable wall body is not needed, the gable is in an open state, only the gable uprights are used as supports, and the cowshed access passage is arranged between the gable uprights and used as the access door 14. Description attached drawings fig. 1 shows a cowshed with a gable in an open state, and fig. 8 shows a schematic appearance of the cowshed with the gable wall.
In this embodiment, the truss 16 is installed on the roof, and has a supporting function on the film in addition to the function of connecting two roof trusses; the stiffener rods 19 are attached to the upper portion of the wall body to maintain a constant distance between the steel roof trusses 15. Between the two steel roof trusses at two ends and between two adjacent steel roof trusses at a certain distance from the middle part, there are provided inter-column supports 18 and horizontal supports 17 to maintain the stability of the whole structure. And gable upright posts and gable beams are arranged at the gable parts at the two ends of the cowshed and serve as structural supports of the wall body.
In order to facilitate processing and transportation, the steel roof truss is divided into cantilever cornices 9, steel columns 5, lower beams 6, upper beams 7 and ridge beams 8 to be manufactured respectively, after the components are transported to the site, the steel columns 5 are installed on the wall body upright columns 13, the wall body upright columns 13 are installed on the concrete foundation 1, the lower beams 6, the upper beams 7 and the ridge beams 8 are assembled on the site through high-strength bolts, and then the five-point positioning type hoisting and assembling are carried out. Reserving certain elasticity, completely reinforcing each part after integral splicing, coating a film after finishing and finishing the construction of the whole cowshed.
Taking a backup cowshed as an example:
length of cowshed: 252m, wall column distance 6m, cowshed width: 39.5m, cornice height: 5.6m, ridge height: 15.89 m. The film material has an expansion area of about: 1.59 ten thousand square meters, the section of the steel adopts a square tube with the size of 160X 3.0.
The installation step:
1. the cowshed foundation 1 is poured firstly, and the wall upright columns 13 are installed firstly.
2. Mounting steel columns 5 on two sides of a head steel roof truss 15 in place through a crane, fixing column feet and wall upright columns 13 through nuts, and removing hanging strips after fixing is finished;
3. steel columns 5 on two sides of the adjacent steel roof trusses 15 are sequentially mounted;
4. a rigid tie rod 19 between two steel roof trusses 15 is arranged to ensure the stability of the structure;
5. hoisting the lower beams 6 at two sides of the head steel roof truss 15 in place by a crane and fastening by bolts;
6. the lower beams 6 are sequentially installed at two sides of each steel roof truss 15 adjacent to each other;
7. a truss connected with the lower beam 6 between the two steel roof trusses 15 is installed, so that the stability of the structure is ensured;
8. hoisting the upper beams 7 at two sides of the head steel roof truss 15 in place by a crane and fastening by bolts;
9. upper beams 7 for installing two sides of each steel roof truss 15 adjacent to each other in sequence;
10. a truss connected with the upper beam 7 between the two steel roof trusses 15 is installed, so that the stability of the structure is ensured;
11. hoisting the ridge beam 8 in place by a crane and fastening by bolts;
12. ridge beams 8 for installing adjacent roof trusses in sequence;
13. and a truss between two ridge beams 8 is installed, so that the stability of the structure is ensured.
14. Installing horizontal supports 17 and inter-column supports 18;
15. installing a gable upright post 21;
16. the coating layer 3 is attached.
By adopting the membrane roof cowshed for improving the comfort level of the cows, the steel amount of a single steel roof truss is as follows: 3021kg, the amount of steel used in per square meter is: 3021/6/36=13.99kg/m 2， On the other hand, if the cowshed of the present embodiment adopts a door rigid structure, the amount of steel for a single roof truss is: 4549kg, the amount of steel used in terms of per square meter is: 4549/6/36=21.06kg/m 2 According to the membrane roof cowshed for improving the comfort of the cows, the steel consumption of a single steel roof truss is saved by more than 50% compared with that of a door type steel structure, a color steel plate roof is not required to be paved, the whole steel consumption is reduced, the connection process is simple, the construction speed is accelerated, the span of the constructed cowshed is large, the structure is stable, the middle part has no upright post and good light transmittance, a feeding mode of fermentation bed lying can be used, the mechanical in-and-out of the cowshed is free from obstacles, and the cattle herds can move freely in the cowshed.
The structure and the installation method of the membrane roof cowshed for improving the comfort of the cows, provided by the invention, can also be used for the construction of other livestock and poultry houses.
The invention provides a use mode of a membrane roof cowshed for improving the comfort of cows, which comprises the following steps:
in spring, summer and autumn, the rolling doors between the upright posts 13 and the rolling doors of the side walls are opened to enable air in the cowshed to form convection, so that the ventilation effect of the cowshed can be effectively improved, the temperature in the cowshed is reduced, the heat stress of beef cattle breeding is avoided, the defects of large moisture and poor air quality of the cowshed are overcome to a great extent, the environment of the cowshed is greatly improved, the disease of dairy cows is reduced, and the yield of milk is increased.
The rolling doors of the rolling windows and the side walls between the stand columns 13 are closed in winter, so that the invasion of cold air is reduced, and the side walls and the roof are made of film materials with better light transmittance, so that sufficient illumination is provided in the cowshed, the temperature in the cowshed can be increased, and the heat preservation effect in the cowshed is improved.
The house is not provided with the upright post, large-scale breeding matching machines can enter the farm for operation, the manpower of the farm is greatly reduced, the working efficiency is improved, and the building structure and the installation method of the invention can be used for reference for other livestock breeding industries needing large-scale mechanical entering the farm for operation.
The membrane roof cowshed for improving the comfort of the cows, the installation method and the application thereof are described in detail above. The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein in terms of specific embodiments, which are intended to facilitate an understanding of the methods and concepts underlying the present invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The membrane roof cowshed is characterized by comprising a foundation (1), a steel structure framework (2), a film coating layer (3), a wall body (4) and wall body stand columns (13), wherein the wall body stand columns (13) are fixedly arranged on the foundation (1), and the wall body (4) comprises a side wall body between a gable wall body and the wall body stand columns (13); the steel structure framework (2) is a roof supporting structure formed by fixedly connecting a plurality of steel roof trusses (15), trusses (16), horizontal supports (17), inter-column supports (18), rigid tie rods (19), gable cross beams (20) and gable upright columns (21); the steel roof truss (15) is composed of steel columns (5) on two sides, lower beams (6) on two sides, upper beams (7) on two sides and a middle ridge beam (8); the shapes and the installation positions of the steel column (5), the lower beam (6), the upper beam (7) and the ridge beam (8) are different, but the steel column has the same structure and is formed by fixedly connecting an upper chord (10), a web member (11) and a lower chord (12); the top of the ridge beam (8) is arched; one end of the steel column (5) is fixedly connected with the lower beam (6), the steel column is turned into an arc shape after extending for a certain distance with the same width as the lower beam, the steel column bends downwards, and the upper chord and the lower chord in the vertical direction are gradually narrowed to the other end to be fixedly connected with the wall upright column (13); the truss (16) is arranged on the roof part of a plurality of uniformly arranged steel roof trusses (15) and forms a main body of the steel structure framework (2) together with the plurality of steel roof trusses (15); two side surfaces of the steel roof truss (15) are provided with rigid tie bars (19); a set of horizontal support (17) and inter-column support (18) are respectively arranged between two adjacent steel roof trusses at two ends of the steel structure framework (2), and a set of horizontal support (17) and inter-column support (18) between the steel roof trusses are arranged in the middle of the steel structure framework (2) at intervals of 5-9 steel roof trusses (15); the lower ends of gable upright columns (21) at two ends of the steel structure framework (2) are embedded into a foundation; the film coating layer (3) is fixedly arranged on the outer side of the steel structure framework (2);
the mounting method of the membrane roof cowshed for improving the comfort level of the cows comprises the following mounting steps:
s1, pouring the cowshed foundation (1) and installing the wall upright post (13) well;
s2, mounting steel columns (5) on two sides of a head steel roof truss (15) in place through a crane, fixing column feet and wall upright columns (13) through nuts, and removing hanging strips after fixing is finished;
s3, steel columns (5) at two sides of the adjacent steel roof trusses (15) are sequentially mounted;
s4, mounting a rigid tie bar (19) between two steel roof trusses (15) to ensure the stability of the structure;
s5, hoisting the lower beams (6) at the two sides of the head steel roof truss (15) in place through a crane, and fastening the lower beams with bolts; s6, sequentially installing the lower beams (6) at two sides of each steel roof truss (15) adjacent to each other;
s7, installing a truss connected with the lower beam (6) between two steel roof trusses (15) to ensure the stability of the structure;
s8, hoisting the upper beams (7) at the two sides of the head steel roof truss (15) to the right position by a crane and fastening by bolts;
s9, sequentially installing upper beams (7) at two sides of each steel roof truss (15) adjacent to each other;
s10, installing a truss connected with the upper beam (7) between two steel roof trusses (15) to ensure the stability of the structure;
s11, hoisting the ridge beam (8) to a proper position through a crane, and fastening the ridge beam with bolts;
s12, sequentially installing ridge beams (8) of adjacent trusses;
s13, installing a truss between two ridge beams (8) to ensure the stability of the structure;
s14, installing a horizontal support (17) and an inter-column support (18);
s15, mounting a gable upright post (21);
and S16, mounting the coating layer (3).
2. The membrane roof cowshed for improving the comfort of dairy cows of claim 1, wherein in step S1, the lower ends of the wall uprights (13) are fixedly mounted on a foundation (1) by using M36 anchor bolts and three backing plates; in step S15, the lower end of the gable post (21) is mounted on the foundation (1) using an M36 anchor bolt and three tie plates.
3. The membrane roof cowshed for improving the comfort of cows according to claim 1, characterized in that the membrane layer (3) is a membrane material with light transmission.
4. The membrane roof cowshed for improving the comfort of cows according to claim 1, wherein the sidewall wall between the wall columns (13) is any one of a switchable rolling door, an inflatable cushion and a membrane material.
5. The membrane roof cowshed for improving the comfort of dairy cows of claim 1, wherein cantilever cornices (9) are arranged on the outer sides of the lower parts of the steel columns (5) of the steel structure framework (2).
6. A membrane roof cowshed according to claim 1 for improving the comfort of cows, characterized in that a set of horizontal supports (17) and inter-column supports (18) between steel roof trusses is provided every 7 steel roof trusses (15) in the middle of the steel structural framework (2).
7. A membrane house for cow house with improved cow comfort according to claim 1, wherein the gable is provided with an access door (14).
8. Use of a membrane-roofed cowshed according to claim 1 for improving the comfort of cows in the breeding of cows.
9. The use of the method of claim 1 for installing a membrane roof cowshed for improving the comfort of cows in the construction of livestock and poultry houses.
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| FR2732859B1 (en) * | 1995-04-13 | 1999-08-06 | Sarl Mazeron | LIVESTOCK BUILDING |
| CN201048496Y (en) * | 2007-02-03 | 2008-04-23 | 郭臣 | Longitudinal and transversal bidirectional forced structure greenhouse frame |
| CN202799844U (en) * | 2012-09-14 | 2013-03-20 | 王恩宝 | Cowshed |
| CN104612448B (en) * | 2015-02-07 | 2017-03-15 | 辽宁福瑞达建筑科技有限公司 | A kind of steel-structured grain depot and installation method |
| CN204510933U (en) * | 2015-03-04 | 2015-07-29 | 广东南牧机械设备有限公司 | Assembling cultivation column home |
| CN210143560U (en) * | 2019-03-22 | 2020-03-17 | 洛阳市立华畜禽有限公司 | Novel environmental protection chicken coop |
| CN112012344A (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2020-12-01 | 东北大学设计研究院（有限公司） | Modular assembly type space pipe truss framework membrane structure system |
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