CN112571000B - Processing and preparation method for coating stainless steel foil on surface of aluminum alloy plate - Google Patents
Processing and preparation method for coating stainless steel foil on surface of aluminum alloy plate Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112571000B CN112571000B CN202011520190.1A CN202011520190A CN112571000B CN 112571000 B CN112571000 B CN 112571000B CN 202011520190 A CN202011520190 A CN 202011520190A CN 112571000 B CN112571000 B CN 112571000B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- stainless steel
- steel foil
- aluminum alloy
- processing
- alloy plate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/02—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part
- B23Q3/06—Work-clamping means
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of processing and preparation of film-coated metal composite plates, and particularly relates to a processing and preparation method of a stainless steel foil coated on the surface of an aluminum alloy plate, which comprises the following steps: processing the surfaces to be compounded of the aluminum alloy plate and the stainless steel foil; the method comprises the following steps of flatly paving a stainless steel foil on a base plate to ensure that the stainless steel foil is flatly contacted with the base plate, placing an aluminum alloy plate on the stainless steel foil, and fixing the stainless steel foil and the aluminum alloy plate by using a clamp; processing the upper surface of the aluminum alloy plate by using a stirring head to obtain the stainless steel foil-coated aluminum-based metal composite plate; and processing the aluminum alloy surface of the aluminum-based metal composite plate coated with the stainless steel foil to obtain the aluminum-based metal composite plate coated with the stainless steel foil. The aluminum-based metal composite plate coated with the stainless steel foil prepared by the invention is not limited in size and thickness, high in connection interface strength, low in preparation cost and high in efficiency, and is an effective method for preparing the aluminum-based metal composite plate coated with the stainless steel foil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of processing and preparation of coated metal composite plates, and particularly relates to a processing and preparation method of a stainless steel foil coated on the surface of an aluminum alloy plate.
Background
At present, the industry in China is developed rapidly, and the aluminum alloy has the characteristics of light weight, good conductivity, good heat transfer performance, good processing and forming performance and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, automobile manufacturing, airplane and ship manufacturing, electronic industry and the like. Meanwhile, abrasion and corrosion are common failure modes of parts and products. In order to improve the strength, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy and further widen the application field of the aluminum alloy, a layer of metal or ceramic material with good wear resistance and corrosion resistance is coated on the surface of the aluminum alloy, which is one of the commonly used and effective solutions at present.
Stainless steel has excellent corrosion resistance, and at present, the thinnest stainless steel foil is prepared, the thickness of the stainless steel foil can reach 0.02 millimeter, the thickness of the stainless steel foil is less than 1/3 of the hair diameter, the stainless steel foil is thinner than A4 paper, and the stainless steel foil can be easily torn by hands, and the stainless steel foil is also called hand-tearing steel. The stainless steel foil material with good integrity and excellent corrosion resistance is integrally coated on the surface of the aluminum alloy metal plate to prepare the stainless steel foil coated composite plate.
At present, methods for improving the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the surface of the aluminum alloy comprise the following steps: electrochemical film coating (electroplating) and laser/electric arc cladding. The film metal obtained by electrochemical film coating has the advantages of good combination with the base metal and good performance. However, the plating metal is generally thin, ranging from several micrometers to tens of micrometers; and electroplating can generate a large amount of sewage, which is one of three major industries with pollution. The laser/electric arc cladding technology is characterized in that a laser heat source or an electric arc heat source is utilized to rapidly heat and melt alloy powder or ceramic powder to be clad and the surface of a matrix, and after a light beam is removed, the surface coating which has extremely low dilution rate and is metallurgically bonded with the matrix material is formed by self-excitation cooling, so that the performances of wear resistance, corrosion resistance and the like of the surface of the matrix are obviously improved. However, the cladding coating is difficult to avoid the defects of air holes, cracks, uneven tissues and the like. Meanwhile, due to the limitation of the sizes of the laser beam and the electric arc beam, the cladding technology has low efficiency, and particularly the cost of laser equipment is high.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the invention provides a processing and preparation method of a stainless steel foil coated on the surface of an aluminum alloy plate. The processing and preparation method is not limited by the size of the cladding metal material, is suitable for preparing large-area metal cladding plates, is suitable for compounding cladding metal layers with any thickness, and has the characteristic that the bonding interface of the cladding metal and the base metal can achieve metallurgical bonding performance.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a processing and preparation method for coating stainless steel foil on the surface of an aluminum alloy plate comprises the following steps:
A. preparing an aluminum alloy plate and a stainless steel foil, and treating the surfaces to be compounded of the aluminum alloy plate and the stainless steel foil;
B. the method comprises the following steps of flatly paving a stainless steel foil on a base plate to ensure that the stainless steel foil is flatly contacted with the base plate, placing an aluminum alloy plate on the stainless steel foil, and fixing the stainless steel foil and the aluminum alloy plate by using a clamp;
C. stirring and rubbing the upper surface of the aluminum alloy plate by using a stirring head to obtain the aluminum-based metal composite plate coated with the stainless steel foil and with a rough surface;
D. processing the aluminum alloy surface of the aluminum-based metal composite plate coated with the stainless steel foil and provided with the rough surface;
E. and cutting the surface-treated aluminum-based metal composite plate covered with the stainless steel foil, and cutting off the unprocessed part of the periphery of the aluminum-based metal composite plate covered with the stainless steel foil to obtain the qualified aluminum-based metal composite plate covered with the stainless steel foil.
Further, in the step a, the method for processing the surfaces to be composited of the aluminum alloy plate and the stainless steel foil comprises the following steps: and wiping the surfaces and the side surfaces of the aluminum alloy plate and the stainless steel foil by using absolute ethyl alcohol to perform degreasing treatment.
And furthermore, in the step B, the roughness of the upper surface of the base plate is Ra0.02-0.05 μm, the upper surface of the base plate is wiped by absolute ethyl alcohol before the stainless steel foil is laid, and degreasing treatment is carried out, the base plate can be arranged to prevent excessive processing, ensure that the workbench is smooth and flat, avoid the influence of uneven materials on the forward movement of a welding head, and avoid the bottom platform from damaging the stainless steel foil.
Furthermore, the fixture in the step B comprises side plates for fixing the periphery of the aluminum alloy plate and the stainless steel foil and pressing strips for pressing the aluminum alloy plate and the stainless steel foil, and the side plates and the pressing strips are matched to fix the aluminum alloy plate and the stainless steel foil in an all-around manner.
Furthermore, the pressing depth of the stirring head in the step C is 0.5-0.6 mm, the rotating speed is 800-1000 r/min, the feeding speed is 0.002m/min, and the pressure applied to the aluminum alloy plate is 3 kN.
Further, the moving route of the stirring head is in snake-shaped reciprocating motion, and a processing overlapping area which is not less than 0.5mm exists between the adjacent routes, so that the bonding strength is increased.
Further, in the step D, the aluminum alloy surface of the stainless steel foil coated aluminum-based metal composite plate is processed until the roughness of the aluminum alloy surface is ra4.5 ± 0.5.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the size of the aluminum-based metal composite plate coated with the stainless steel foil prepared by the invention is not limited, the aluminum-based metal composite plate can be used for one-step molding of a large-area metal foil-coated composite plate, and the aluminum-based metal composite plate has the advantages of low preparation cost and high efficiency;
2. the thickness of the aluminum-based metal composite plate coated with the stainless steel foil is not limited, and the preparation of metal composite plates with different coating thicknesses can be met;
3. the aluminum-based metal composite plate coated with the stainless steel foil prepared by the invention achieves metallurgical bonding and has high bonding strength of a connecting interface.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the processing preparation of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the clamp of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a connection interface profile of the stainless steel foil coated aluminum-based metal composite panel processed according to the present invention;
in the figure: the method comprises the following steps of 1-stirring pin, 2-stirring head, 3-stainless steel foil, 4-aluminum alloy plate, 5-combining area, 6-overlapping area, 7-side plate and 8-pressing strip.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
Preparing materials: aluminum alloy plates, stainless steel foils, absolute ethyl alcohol and abrasive paper;
the method comprises the following specific steps: an aluminum alloy plate 6061 with the size of 130mm multiplied by 60mm multiplied by 8 mm; 304 stainless steel foil with the size of 130mm multiplied by 60mm multiplied by 0.05 mm; absolute ethyl alcohol C2H6O; and (7) sand paper.
A processing and preparation method for coating stainless steel foil on the surface of an aluminum alloy plate comprises the following steps:
A. treating the surfaces to be compounded of the aluminum alloy plate 4 and the stainless steel foil 3:
specifically, the surfaces and the side surfaces of the aluminum alloy plate 4 and the stainless steel foil 3 are wiped by absolute ethyl alcohol to carry out degreasing treatment;
B. taking an A4 paper-sized steel plate as a base plate, grinding and mechanically polishing the upper surface of the base plate to the roughness Ra4.5 +/-0.5, wiping the surface with absolute ethyl alcohol, performing degreasing treatment, and then placing the base plate on a base;
the method comprises the following steps of flatly paving a stainless steel foil 3 on a base plate to ensure that the stainless steel foil 3 is in flat contact with the base plate, placing an aluminum alloy plate 4 on the stainless steel foil 3, fixing the peripheries of the aluminum alloy plate 4 and the stainless steel foil 3 by using a side plate 7, arranging pressing strips 8 at positions 5mm away from the left edge and the right edge of a material respectively, and screwing positioning bolts and pressing bolts on the pressing strips 8 to enable the pressing strips 8 to tightly press the aluminum alloy plate 4 and the stainless steel foil 3;
C. processing the upper surface of an aluminum alloy plate 4 by using a stirring head 2 to obtain a rough-surface aluminum-based metal composite plate coated with a stainless steel foil, wherein the moving route of the stirring head 2 is in snake-shaped reciprocating motion, the circle center of the stirring head 2 moves downwards by 2mm in each pass, and a processing overlapping area of 1mm is ensured to exist between adjacent routes, so that the bonding strength is increased, the stirring head 2 is a conical threaded stirring head with the diameter of 3mm, the shaft shoulder type of the stirring head 2 is vortex-shaped, and the inclination angle of the stirring head 2 is 3 degrees; in the processing process, the pressing depth of the stirring head 2 is 0.5-0.6 mm, the rotating speed is 800-1000 r/min, the feeding speed is 0.002m/min, and the pressure applied to the aluminum alloy plate 4 is 3kN, wherein the specific processing process is that the stirring pin 1 is screwed into the aluminum alloy plate 4 → the shaft shoulder preheating material of the stirring head 2 → the stirring head 2 is fed forwards → is pressed down and insulated after welding → the stirring pin 1 is pulled out;
D. processing the aluminum alloy surface of the aluminum-based metal composite plate coated with the stainless steel foil by using a milling cutter until the roughness of the aluminum alloy surface is Ra4.5 +/-0.5;
E. cutting the aluminum-based metal composite plate coated with the stainless steel foil after the surface treatment by using mechanical cutting, and cutting off the unprocessed part of the periphery of the aluminum-based metal composite plate coated with the stainless steel foil to obtain the qualified aluminum-based metal composite plate coated with the stainless steel foil;
F. performing characterization analysis on the qualified aluminum-based metal composite plate coated with the stainless steel foil, analyzing a detection result, and performing characterization:
placing the qualified aluminum-based metal composite plate coated with the stainless steel foil on a linear cutting operation table, cutting out samples with the same size and regular shape by linear cutting, and finely polishing the front side, the back side and the side of the cut samples by using 800-plus-2000-mesh abrasive paper to ensure that the front side, the back side and the side of the material are both smooth and tidy; and (3) observing the connection interface bonding morphology of the composite board by using a metallographic microscope, and representing an interface bonding morphology graph.
As shown in fig. 3: the method is a macroscopic morphology characteristic of a connecting interface of the stainless steel foil and the aluminum alloy plate, and the aluminum alloy and the stainless steel metal material both generate certain plastic flow under the action of stirring force, so that a mixed metal area structural characteristic of an interlocking structure is formed.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the detailed description is made with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which shall be covered by the claims.
Claims (6)
1. A processing and preparation method for coating stainless steel foil on the surface of an aluminum alloy plate is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
A. preparing an aluminum alloy plate and a stainless steel foil, and treating the surfaces to be compounded of the aluminum alloy plate and the stainless steel foil;
B. the method comprises the following steps of flatly paving a stainless steel foil on a base plate to ensure that the stainless steel foil is in smooth contact with the base plate, wherein the roughness of the upper surface of the base plate is Ra0.02-0.05 mu m, placing an aluminum alloy plate on the stainless steel foil, and fixing the stainless steel foil and the aluminum alloy plate by using a clamp;
C. stirring and rubbing the upper surface of the aluminum alloy plate by using a stirring head to obtain the aluminum-based metal composite plate coated with the stainless steel foil and provided with a rough surface, wherein the pressing depth of the stirring head is 0.5-0.6 mm, the rotating speed is 800-1000 r/min, the feeding speed is 0.002m/min, and the pressure applied to the aluminum alloy plate is 3 kN;
D. processing the aluminum alloy surface of the aluminum-based metal composite plate coated with the stainless steel foil and provided with the rough surface;
E. and cutting the surface-treated aluminum-based metal composite plate covered with the stainless steel foil, and cutting off the unprocessed part of the periphery of the aluminum-based metal composite plate covered with the stainless steel foil to obtain the qualified aluminum-based metal composite plate covered with the stainless steel foil.
2. The processing and preparation method of the stainless steel foil covered on the surface of the aluminum alloy plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the processing and preparation method comprises the following steps: in the step A, the method for treating the surfaces to be compounded of the aluminum alloy plate and the stainless steel foil comprises the following steps: and wiping the surfaces and the side surfaces of the aluminum alloy plate and the stainless steel foil by using absolute ethyl alcohol to perform degreasing treatment.
3. The processing and preparation method of the stainless steel foil covered on the surface of the aluminum alloy plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the processing and preparation method comprises the following steps: and in the step B, before the stainless steel foil is laid, wiping the upper surface of the base plate by absolute ethyl alcohol, and performing degreasing treatment.
4. The processing and preparation method of the stainless steel foil covered on the surface of the aluminum alloy plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the processing and preparation method comprises the following steps: the fixture in the step B comprises side plates for fixing the peripheries of the aluminum alloy plate and the stainless steel foil and pressing strips for pressing the aluminum alloy plate and the stainless steel foil, and the side plates, the pressing strips and the base plate are matched to fix the aluminum alloy plate and the stainless steel foil in an all-around mode.
5. The processing and preparation method of the stainless steel foil covered on the surface of the aluminum alloy plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the processing and preparation method comprises the following steps: the moving route of the stirring head is in snake-shaped reciprocating motion, and a processing overlapping area which is not less than 0.5mm exists between the adjacent routes, so that the bonding strength is increased.
6. The processing and preparation method of the stainless steel foil covered on the surface of the aluminum alloy plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the processing and preparation method comprises the following steps: and D, processing the aluminum alloy surface of the aluminum-based metal composite plate coated with the stainless steel foil until the roughness of the aluminum alloy surface is Ra4.5 +/-0.5.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011520190.1A CN112571000B (en) | 2020-12-21 | 2020-12-21 | Processing and preparation method for coating stainless steel foil on surface of aluminum alloy plate |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011520190.1A CN112571000B (en) | 2020-12-21 | 2020-12-21 | Processing and preparation method for coating stainless steel foil on surface of aluminum alloy plate |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112571000A CN112571000A (en) | 2021-03-30 |
| CN112571000B true CN112571000B (en) | 2022-01-04 |
Family
ID=75136447
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011520190.1A Active CN112571000B (en) | 2020-12-21 | 2020-12-21 | Processing and preparation method for coating stainless steel foil on surface of aluminum alloy plate |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN112571000B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113427303B (en) * | 2021-07-14 | 2022-05-20 | 太原理工大学 | Full-automatic bowl knife assembling and disassembling positioning device |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101579784A (en) * | 2009-06-26 | 2009-11-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for manufacturing metal composite plates by stirring friction |
| CN101972891A (en) * | 2010-10-21 | 2011-02-16 | 西北工业大学 | Friction stir welding method and special stirring head of aluminum alloy and 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel |
| CN102284786A (en) * | 2011-07-18 | 2011-12-21 | 湖北工业大学 | Preparation method for compositing high-speed steel wear resistant layer on surface of aluminum alloy |
| DE102016121114A1 (en) * | 2015-11-05 | 2017-05-11 | Ohio State Innovation Foundation | WELDING PROCESSES AND WELDING COMPOUNDS FOR JOINING HIGH STRENGTH ALUMINUM ALLOYS |
| CN109623130A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-04-16 | 西安理工大学 | A kind of preparation method of complex intensifying aluminium alloy |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105463451B (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2017-12-12 | 西安建筑科技大学 | A kind of method for improving agitating friction weldering stirring-head Wear-resistant, high-temperature resistant performance |
| CN106334875A (en) * | 2016-10-27 | 2017-01-18 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Steel welding component with aluminum or aluminum alloy coating and manufacturing method thereof |
-
2020
- 2020-12-21 CN CN202011520190.1A patent/CN112571000B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101579784A (en) * | 2009-06-26 | 2009-11-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for manufacturing metal composite plates by stirring friction |
| CN101972891A (en) * | 2010-10-21 | 2011-02-16 | 西北工业大学 | Friction stir welding method and special stirring head of aluminum alloy and 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel |
| CN102284786A (en) * | 2011-07-18 | 2011-12-21 | 湖北工业大学 | Preparation method for compositing high-speed steel wear resistant layer on surface of aluminum alloy |
| DE102016121114A1 (en) * | 2015-11-05 | 2017-05-11 | Ohio State Innovation Foundation | WELDING PROCESSES AND WELDING COMPOUNDS FOR JOINING HIGH STRENGTH ALUMINUM ALLOYS |
| CN109623130A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-04-16 | 西安理工大学 | A kind of preparation method of complex intensifying aluminium alloy |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN112571000A (en) | 2021-03-30 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Xu et al. | Effect of grinding temperatures on the surface integrity of a nickel-based superalloy | |
| Jiang et al. | Advances in joining technology of carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composite materials and aluminum alloys | |
| CN112571000B (en) | Processing and preparation method for coating stainless steel foil on surface of aluminum alloy plate | |
| CN111676476B (en) | Method for preparing copper-chromium-zirconium slideway by laser 3D printing technology | |
| CN1168845C (en) | Diboride coated pressing surfaces for abrasion resistant laminate and making pressing surfaces | |
| CN102494998B (en) | Method for measuring combination strength of aluminum film of film aluminum steel composite board and steel substrate | |
| CN114434086B (en) | Surface crack repairing method for titanium alloy thin-wall part | |
| CN1230604A (en) | Method for high scan speed sputter coating to produce coated abrasion resistant press plates with reduced built-in thermal stress | |
| CN111906433B (en) | Friction stir welding method for thick plate aluminum-magnesium dissimilar material with changed friction interface | |
| CN112857936B (en) | Hot-pressing preparation and performance testing method for heterogeneous metal composite block test | |
| CN102380831A (en) | Sand feeding method in manufacturing process of diamond roller | |
| CN114850216B (en) | Method for preparing bimetal composite board by electrically-controlled micro-explosion forming | |
| CN103966596A (en) | Method for preparing wave-shaped junction surface metal laminated plate through laser cladding | |
| CN114643462B (en) | Titanium alloy/stainless steel composite board and preparation method thereof | |
| WO2022068108A1 (en) | Electric current-assisted friction additive manufacturing apparatus and method | |
| CN113146050A (en) | Laser welding method for dissimilar metal materials | |
| CN110899701B (en) | Aluminum or copper laser 3D printing blade surface steel bar adhesive tape composite doctor blade | |
| WO2017202233A1 (en) | Metal surface mechanically-assisted electrothermal alloying preparation method | |
| He et al. | Electrical arc contour cutting based on a compound arc breaking mechanism | |
| CN115091022B (en) | Crack repairing and micro-additive method based on friction stir welding | |
| TWI766465B (en) | Friction stir build-up manufacturing method of metal parts | |
| JP2002035955A (en) | Manufacturing method for aluminum alloy composite member by electrified joint | |
| CN110064658B (en) | Method for preparing titanium-magnesium composite board through self-riveting prefabricated hole configuration rolling riveting | |
| CN111299576A (en) | Multi-component material laser additive manufacturing method for precision component | |
| CN216757688U (en) | Ultra-thin type side-combined copper-aluminum composite sheet structure |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |