CN112570991B - Production method of high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductor rail section bar - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a production method of a high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductor rail section bar, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: and continuously casting the refined aluminum alloy melt into an aluminum alloy coiled rod blank with small section size through rapid cooling, and extruding into an aluminum alloy conductor rail sectional material with a large section through continuous expansion. Compared with the prior semi-continuous ingot casting-hot extrusion process, the conductive rail section produced by the invention has fine structure and uniform and consistent structure and performance along the length direction, the strength of the conductive rail section is equivalent to that of the prior semi-continuous ingot casting-hot extrusion process, but the elongation is higher, and the electric conductivity can exceed 58 percent IACS which is higher than that of the product of the prior process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal material processing, in particular to a production method of a high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductor rail section.
Background
With the rapid development of modern rail transit, the aluminum alloy conductor rail extruded section bar is used as a key material of a power supply system, and the demand is continuously increased; meanwhile, the requirement on the strength and the conductivity of the conductor rail is higher and higher due to the improvement of the carrying capacity, and particularly, the construction cost can be greatly saved and the carrying capacity can be improved due to the improvement of the conductivity. Al-Mg-Si (6000 series) alloy has medium strength, good formability, weldability, conductivity and corrosion resistance, is a preferred material for the aluminum alloy conductor rail, and the common alloys mainly comprise 6101, 6101B and 6201 aluminum alloys.
At present, the production process of the aluminum alloy section at home and abroad mainly comprises a semi-continuous ingot casting-extrusion method (see attached figure 2), and the process flow comprises the following steps: semi-continuous casting → ingot homogenization → ingot heating → hot extrusion → online quenching → automatic traction → saw cutting → stretching and straightening → artificial aging treatment. For example, CN107805745A discloses a preparation method of a high-strength weather-resistant aluminum alloy conductor rail section bar, which comprises the following steps: smelting, casting to obtain a circular cast ingot, soaking pit treatment, turning, preheating extrusion, quenching, two-stage aging treatment and the like. If the process method is used for producing a large-section conductive rail profile with a single length of 12 meters or more, large-diameter ingots are needed, and the problems of large investment of main equipment such as a semi-continuous casting machine, a homogenization treatment furnace, an ingot heating furnace, an extruder (more than 3000T), large occupied area, high consumption of tools and dies, high energy consumption and the like are caused. Meanwhile, the method has the advantages that the geometrical waste (the leftover materials which are difficult to utilize) in the production process is also high, and the product yield (the yield = the product quality/the raw material quality) is low; more importantly, the structure and properties of the product obtained by the conventional forward extrusion (i.e. the extrusion force is applied in the same direction as the product flows out) are not uniformly distributed along the length direction, which seriously affects the uniformity of the strength and the conductivity of the final conductive rail profile. In addition, due to the cooling reason in the production process of large ingots, the crystal grain structure of the ingots is coarse, the difference between the inside and the outside is large (solidification segregation and the like), more obvious casting defects such as slag inclusion, shrinkage porosity, air holes and the like exist, and the strength and the electric conductivity of the extruded section are greatly reduced. For these reasons, the conductivity of 6101 or 6101B aluminum alloy conductive rail profiles produced by semi-continuous ingot-extrusion is typically 56% IACS or less.
In addition, in the development of high-strength and high-conductivity aluminum alloy materials, the main focus is on high-strength and high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductive wires and the like. For example, CN102719709B, CN 103131903A, CN103498084B, CN107841658B, CN111069311A, CN102828130B, CN103556016B and the like are all preparation processes of aluminum alloy lead wires, and the preparation processes comprise processing modes of ultra-low temperature rapid drawing, rare earth element and/or other alloy element adding optimization of alloy components, multi-pass sequential rolling matched with multi-pass drawing, continuous extrusion large shear deformation matched with online small cold deformation drawing and artificial aging treatment, horizontal extruder extruding a billet into an aluminum rod by a horizontal extruder and then multi-pass drawing and the like, so as to obtain the high-strength high-conductivity aluminum wire. However, these techniques for preparing high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductive wire cannot be used for producing high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductive rail profiles.
The invention patent CN 108570634A discloses a plastic deformation processing method for preparing high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy, which adopts a friction stir processing technology to process the surface of aluminum alloy with low alloy element content, and then regulates and controls the grain size of the aluminum alloy and the microstructure collocation of precipitated phases through low-temperature aging treatment, so as to improve the strength of the aluminum alloy while keeping the conductivity of the aluminum alloy, thereby obtaining the high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy plate, wherein in the embodiment, the tensile strength of the 6201 aluminum alloy plate in a peak aging state is 298MPa, and the conductivity test result is 50% IACS. The aluminum alloy plate prepared by the scheme has low conductivity and is not suitable for producing high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductor rail sectional materials.
In view of the above problems, there is a need in the art to develop a method for producing a high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductor rail profile to solve the problems in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
In view of the above disadvantages and shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for producing a high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductive rail section, which is used for solving the problems of large investment in main equipment, large floor area, high tool and die consumption and energy consumption, low product yield, uneven product structure performance along the length direction, etc. existing in the current production process of high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductive rail sections, and further improving the conductivity (over 58% IACS) of the aluminum alloy conductive rail section while obtaining high strength.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the main technical scheme that:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a production method of a high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductor rail profile, which comprises the following steps: continuously casting the refined aluminum alloy melt into a small-section aluminum alloy coiled rod blank with the section area of A1 through rapid cooling, and extruding into a large-section aluminum alloy conductor rail profile with the section area of A2 through continuous expansion; wherein A1 is less than A2.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the production method comprises the following steps:
carrying out quick cooling continuous casting on the aluminum alloy melt to obtain an aluminum alloy coiled rod blank;
continuously expanding and extruding the aluminum alloy coiled rod blank to obtain an aluminum alloy conductive rail section;
and carrying out online quenching treatment, automatic traction, saw cutting, stretching and straightening and artificial aging treatment on the outlet of the extruder to obtain the product of the aluminum alloy conductor rail section bar in the T5 state.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the rapid cooling continuous casting is one of a wheel type continuous casting, an up-drawing method, a surface tension method and a horizontal continuous casting method.
According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, the aluminum alloy melt is cast into the aluminum alloy coiled rod blank with the equivalent diameter of 10mm-30.5mm through the rapid cooling continuous casting, so as to be used for continuous expansion extrusion; more preferably the equivalent diameter is 20mm or 30mm. Wherein, the cross-sectional shape of the bar blank can be any one of circular or trapezoidal.
According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the extruder used in the continuous extrusion is any one of 400 type, 550 type and 650 type aluminum material continuous extruders.
According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, the temperature of the outlet of the extruder is controlled to be 460-540 ℃, the rotating speed of the extrusion wheel is 8-16rpm, and the cross section of the extruder is 2000-5000mm through continuous extrusion by a combined die of expanding, shunting and forming 2 The aluminum alloy conductor rail section.
Wherein, the alloy can realize better solid solution and surface quality within the temperature range of 460-540 ℃, if the temperature at the outlet of the extruder is too low, the solid solution effect is poor, the aging performance is influenced later, and if the temperature at the outlet of the extruder is too high, the surface quality of the product is poor. Wherein the rotating speed of the extrusion wheel is 8-16rpm; if the rotating speed is too low, the cooling speed of the profile at the outlet of the extruder is insufficient, quenching and aging properties (strength and conductivity of the product) are affected, and if the rotating speed is too high, the rotating speed is limited by equipment factors, and the surface quality of the product is also affected due to too high surface temperature.
Preferably, the temperature of the outlet of the extruder is controlled within any one temperature range of 460-470 ℃, 470-480 ℃, 480-490 ℃, 490-500 ℃, 500-510 ℃, 510-520 ℃, 520-530 ℃ or 530-540 ℃. Preferably, the rotation speed of the extrusion wheel is any one of 8rpm, 9rpm, 10rpm, 11rpm, 12rpm, 13rpm, 14rpm, 15rpm and 16 rpm.
According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, the online quenching is to perform online strong wind and water mist quenching treatment on the aluminum alloy conductive rail sectional material obtained by extrusion at the outlet position of an extruder, and the temperature of the quenched aluminum alloy conductive rail sectional material is controlled to be 60-120 ℃; preferably any temperature interval of 60-70 deg.C, 70-80 deg.C, 80-90 deg.C, 90-100 deg.C, 100-110 deg.C, and 110-120 deg.C. The quenching temperature can ensure the cooling speed, thereby achieving the quenching effect.
According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, the aluminum alloy conductor rail profile obtained by extrusion is subjected to manual labor-hour treatment after on-line automatic traction, sawing and stretching straightening to obtain a product in a T5 state.
According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the artificial aging treatment is performed by keeping the temperature at 180-210 ℃ for 6-16 hours. The treatment temperature of artificial aging is too high, so that overaging and product strength are reduced; if the artificial aging temperature is too low, underaging is caused, and the conductivity of the product cannot meet the requirement.
According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the artificial aging treatment is performed by maintaining the temperature at 195-205 ℃ for 8-10 hours. And the micro stress and the machining residual stress in the quenched product are eliminated or reduced through artificial aging treatment, so that the strength and the conductivity of the product are ensured.
(III) advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical advantages:
(1) The strength (tensile strength, yield strength) of the conductor rail section produced by the method of the invention is equivalent to that of the prior semi-continuous ingot-hot extrusion process, but the elongation is higher (better toughness is obtained) and the electric conductivity can exceed 58 percent IACS, and the electric conductivity is also higher than that of the product of the prior art.
(2) Compared with the existing semi-continuous ingot casting-hot extrusion process, the process provided by the invention utilizes the characteristics of rapid cooling continuous casting and continuous expansion extrusion deformation to rapidly cool and continuously cast small-size aluminum alloy coiled rod blanks, and continuously expand and extrude the small-size aluminum alloy coiled rod blanks into the large-section conductor rail section bars, so that the prepared conductor rail section bars are small in structure and better in uniformity and performance in the length direction.
(3) The method does not need a large-diameter ingot and a large-tonnage extruder, cancels ingot homogenization treatment and heating processes before extrusion, particularly has the cost of the extrusion die which is only 1/10 of that of the conventional hot extrusion die, has simplified working procedures, convenient operation, high yield and low production cost, and is suitable for development and production of high-strength and high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductive bars and profiles.
(4) The invention does not need large-diameter ingots, so the investment cost of main equipment such as a semi-continuous casting machine, a homogenization treatment furnace, an ingot heating furnace, an extruding machine (more than 3000T) and the like can be reduced, and the energy consumption and the occupied area are saved. In addition, because a large-diameter cast ingot is eliminated, the generation of geometric waste can be reduced, and the product yield is improved; the semi-continuous ingot casting-homogenizing-heating extrusion process in the prior art is changed into the quick-cooling continuous casting rod blank-continuous expansion extrusion process, so that the problems of large ingot casting grain structure, solidification segregation, casting defects (such as slag inclusion, shrinkage porosity, air holes and the like) and the like caused by the cooling process can be solved, the strength of the aluminum alloy conductive section is effectively ensured, the conductive performance of the aluminum alloy conductive section is improved, and the quality of a product is stabilized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the production method of the high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductor rail of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a production method of an aluminum alloy conductor rail in the prior art.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of better explaining the present invention and to facilitate understanding, the present invention will be described in detail by way of specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a production method of a high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductor rail, aiming at the production technical characteristics, the research and development current situation, the production actual situation and a plurality of limitations of the existing preparation technology of the existing conductive aluminum alloy section bar, and the production method comprises the working procedures of material preparation, melting, refining, quick-cooling continuous casting, continuous expansion extrusion, online water quenching treatment, automatic traction, synchronous saw cutting, stretching and straightening, artificial aging treatment and the like. The process combines quick cooling continuous casting and continuous expansion extrusion deformation, firstly, a small-size aluminum alloy coil rod blank is quickly cooled continuously cast, and then, the aluminum alloy conductive rail section with a large section is extruded through continuous expansion.
As shown in fig. 1, a flow chart of a production method of the high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductor rail section bar of the invention is shown, and the production process method comprises the following steps: aluminum alloy rapid cooling continuous casting → continuous expansion extrusion → online quenching treatment → automatic traction → synchronous sawing → stretching and straightening → artificial aging treatment and the like. It should be noted that, the present invention mainly uses rapid cooling continuous casting and continuous expanding extrusion of aluminum alloy to replace four steps of "semi-continuous ingot casting, homogenization, heating, extrusion" and the like in the dashed frame of the flow chart (fig. 2) in the prior art, and as for the specific modes and conditions of subsequent quenching, sawing, stretch straightening, artificial aging and the like, flexible adjustment can be performed according to actual needs, and the present invention is not limited.
The method of the present invention as described above, wherein preferably, the rapid-cooling continuous casting is one of a wheel-type continuous casting and a horizontal continuous casting method, that is, rapid-cooling continuous casting is performed using a wheel-type continuous casting machine or a horizontal continuous casting machine. In addition, the rapid cooling continuous casting can be realized by adopting an up-drawing method or a surface tension method.
The method of the present invention as described above, wherein preferably the aluminum alloy is subjected to rapid cooling continuous casting to obtain an aluminum alloy coiled rod blank with an equivalent diameter of 10mm to 30.5mm, more preferably an aluminum alloy coiled rod blank with an equivalent diameter of 20mm or 30 mm; wherein the cross section of the rod blank can be circular or trapezoidal.
The method of the present invention as described above, wherein the extruder used for the extended continuous extrusion is preferably one of a type 400, a type 550 and a type 650 aluminum material continuous extruder.
The method of the present invention as described above, wherein preferably, the temperature of the outlet of the extruder is controlled to 460-540 ℃, the rotation speed of the extrusion wheel is 8-16rpm, and the cross section is continuously extruded to 2000-5000mm through the expanding cavity, the splitter plate and the forming combined die 2 The aluminum alloy conductor rail section.
In the method of the present invention as described above, the inline quenching treatment is preferably performed by: and (3) carrying out on-line forced air and water mist quenching treatment on the product at an extrusion outlet, and controlling the temperature of the quenched product to be 60-120 ℃.
The method of the invention as described above, wherein preferably, the extruded product is subjected to on-line automatic traction and saw cutting, stretching and straightening, and then is subjected to artificial aging treatment for 6-16 hours at 180-210 ℃ to obtain the conductor rail profile.
More preferably, after stretching and straightening, the aluminum alloy conductor rail with high strength and high conductivity is obtained by artificial aging treatment of heat preservation for 8-10 hours at 195-205 ℃.
The aluminum alloy conductive rail section produced by the production method has the strength equivalent to that of the prior semi-continuous ingot-hot extrusion process, the tensile strength is kept between 170 and 220MPa, the yield strength is kept between 140 and 185MPa, but the elongation is higher and the electric conductivity can exceed 58% IACS, which exceeds the prior art product. The process disclosed by the invention does not need a large-diameter ingot and a large-tonnage extruder, eliminates the ingot homogenizing treatment and heating process before extrusion, particularly the cost of the extrusion die is only 1/10 of that of the conventional hot extrusion die, and the process is simplified, convenient to operate, high in yield, higher in elongation (higher in toughness) and conductivity, lower in production cost and suitable for development and production of high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductive bars and profiles.
In order to further clarify the technical solution and technical effects of the present invention, the following description will be given by referring to specific examples.
The weight ratio of each alloy added is calculated according to the chemical composition range of aluminum alloy 6101 for electrician by adopting 99.7 percent of aluminum ingot, magnesium ingot and Al-Fe and Al-Cu intermediate alloy. The materials are proportioned according to the proportion, and after melting, refining, heat preservation and online filtering are carried out in a 1000Kg volume gas smelting furnace, chemical component analysis is carried out on a solution sample by adopting a direct spectrum reading method, and the actually measured components are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 aluminum alloy 6101 chemical composition (wt%) in an embodiment of the invention
Firstly, a wheel type continuous casting machine with the diameter of 1200mm is adopted to continuously cast a trapezoidal rod blank with the diameter equivalent of phi 20mm, the casting temperature is controlled to be 690-710 ℃, the casting traction speed is 600mm/min, and the rod blank with the disc weight of about 600Kg is obtained. Then, continuously extruding the mixture on a 400-type aluminum material extruder by using an expansion die to obtain a cross-sectional area of about 2300mm 2 The temperature of an extrusion outlet of the aluminum alloy conductor rail section is about 490 ℃, and the rotating speed of an extrusion wheel is 16rpm; spraying water to cool the product to 90-100 deg.c; and then, drawing the product by using constant tension, cutting the product to a fixed length of 14 meters, stretching and straightening the product, cutting off the head and the tail, and then carrying out artificial aging treatment by keeping the temperature at 180 ℃ for 11 hours, keeping the temperature at 190 ℃ for 8 hours and keeping the temperature at 200 ℃ for 10 hours.
Comparative test
The comparative experiment was processed using the flow chart shown in fig. 2. 6101 aluminum alloy conductor rail section bars with the same specification and model are purchased from outsourcing, and the measured chemical components are shown in table 1. The basic production process of outsourcing companies comprises the following steps: the diameter of the cast ingot is phi 355mm, the heating temperature is 480-510 ℃, the actual temperature of an extrusion opening is about 525 ℃, and the outlet is quenched by adopting a quenching mode of strong wind and water spray cooling to 90-100 ℃. And then, drawing the product by using constant tension, cutting the product to a fixed length of 14 meters, stretching and straightening, cutting off the head and the tail, and then carrying out artificial aging treatment on the product by keeping the temperature at 180 ℃ for 11 hours, keeping the temperature at 190 ℃ for 8 hours and keeping the temperature at 200 ℃ for 10 hours.
Tensile and conductivity tests were carried out by sampling the conductive rail profiles at the head, at the middle and at the tail, and the average values (arithmetic mean of the values of the head, at the middle and at the tail sampled) were compared with the properties of the products compared with the state standard and with the conventional semi-continuous ingot-extrusion method, see table 2.
TABLE 2 comparison of mechanical properties and conductivity of 6101 aluminum alloy conductive rail section bar produced by the process of the present invention and the semi-continuous ingot casting-extrusion method
The experimental results show that: the strength (tensile strength, yield strength) of the conductor rail profile produced by the method of the invention is comparable to that of the prior art semi-continuous ingot-hot extrusion process, but the elongation is higher and the electrical conductivity can exceed 58% IACS, which is also slightly higher than that of the prior art products. The product produced by the method has the conductivity obviously superior to that of the product produced by the traditional semicontinuous ingot casting-extrusion method and the national standard value; in the experimental test process, according to the head-to-tail sampling test results, the prepared conductive rail section bar is good in uniformity and consistency of the structure and performance in the length direction.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A production method of a high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductor rail profile is characterized by comprising the following steps: continuously casting the refined aluminum alloy melt into a small-section aluminum alloy coiled rod blank with the section area of A1 through rapid cooling, and extruding into a large-section aluminum alloy conductor rail profile with the section area of A2 through continuous expansion; wherein A1 is less than A2;
the production method comprises the following steps of sequentially carrying out:
fast cooling continuous casting of an aluminum alloy melt, wherein the aluminum alloy melt is cast through the fast cooling continuous casting to obtain an aluminum alloy coiled rod blank with the equivalent diameter of 20-30.5 mm;
the extruder used in the continuous expansion extrusion is any one of 400 type, 550 type and 650 type aluminum material continuous extruders; the temperature of the outlet of the extruder is controlled to be 460-540 ℃, the rotating speed of an extrusion wheel is 8-16rpm, and the cross section of the extruder is 2000-5000mm through continuous extrusion by a combined die of expansion, flow distribution and molding 2 The aluminum alloy conductor rail section bar of (1);
and (3) carrying out online quenching treatment, automatic traction, saw cutting, stretching and straightening and artificial aging treatment at the outlet of the extruder, wherein the artificial aging treatment is to keep the temperature at 180-210 ℃ for 6-16 hours to obtain the product of the aluminum alloy conductor rail section in the T5 state.
2. The production method according to claim 1, wherein the rapid-cooling continuous casting is one of a wheel-type continuous casting, an up-drawing method, a surface tension method, and a horizontal continuous casting method.
3. The production method of claim 1, wherein the online quenching is that the aluminum alloy conductor rail profile obtained by extrusion is subjected to online strong wind and water mist quenching treatment at the outlet position of an extruder, and the temperature of the quenched aluminum alloy conductor rail profile is controlled to be 60-120 ℃.
4. The production method according to claim 1, wherein the artificial aging treatment is heat preservation at 195-205 ℃ for 8-10 hours.
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