CN112569765A - Furnace kiln smoke environment-friendly ultra-clean discharge system for refractory material and metallurgical smelting industry - Google Patents
Furnace kiln smoke environment-friendly ultra-clean discharge system for refractory material and metallurgical smelting industry Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an environment-friendly ultra-clean discharge system for furnace flue gas in refractory materials and metallurgical smelting industry, which comprises a desulfurization device, a cloth bag dust removal device, a denitration device and a discharge device which are connected in sequence; the desulfurization device comprises a dry desulfurization tower, the dry desulfurization tower is divided into a left desulfurization chamber and a right desulfurization chamber by a vertically arranged partition plate, an inlet flue is communicated with the top of the right desulfurization chamber through a Venturi, and an outlet at the top of the left desulfurization chamber is communicated with an inlet of the cloth bag dust removal device through an outlet flue; the denitration unit comprises a flue gas heater and an SCR denitration device, wherein the inlet and the outlet of the flue gas heater are respectively communicated with the outlet of the cloth bag dust removal device and the inlet of the SCR denitration device; the discharging device comprises an induced draft fan and a chimney, and an inlet and an outlet of the induced draft fan are respectively communicated with an outlet of the SCR denitration device and an inlet of the chimney. The discharge system of the invention has reasonable and compact structure and lower investment and operation cost, and can simultaneously realize the environmental protection requirements of ultra-clean discharge of dust removal, desulfurization and denitration.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a furnace flue gas treatment technology, in particular to an environment-friendly ultra-clean discharge system for furnace flue gas in the industries of refractory materials, metallurgy and smelting.
Background
The refractory material and the metallurgical smelting industry provide a large amount of materials for national economy, and are the material basis of economic development. The refractory material and the metallurgical smelting industry create huge material wealth for human beings, but also cause serious environmental pollution. The important goals of refractory materials and metallurgical smelting environment protection are to prevent and eliminate the harm to the environment in production. Gases such as SO2 and NOx generated in furnaces and kilns in the refractory materials and the metallurgical smelting industry are discharged into the air, and products such as nitrates, sulfates and secondary aerosols are generated through chemical reactions to cause PM rising, SO that haze is easily formed. The domestic refractory material and metallurgy smelting industry are widely applied to the flue gas dust removal, desulfurization and denitrification process, and a cloth bag dust removal device or an electric dust remover is generally adopted for dust removal; the desulfurization and denitrification are divided into two cases: one is to arrange a wet desulfurization process before the SCR denitration device. The temperature of furnace flue gas passing through a desulfurization tower is generally 55-70 ℃, a heater is needed to reheat the flue gas, so that the temperature of sintering flue gas is raised to be above 220 ℃ for denitration reaction, and the method increases the heating process due to the lower temperature after deacidification, which can increase energy consumption and cost; secondly, the SCR denitration device is arranged before the desulfurization and dust removal processes, the temperature of the flue gas entering the SCR denitration device is usually 350-430 ℃, and the arrangement mode can cause the flue gas passing through the SCR denitration device to contain a large amount of SO2, alkali metals and dust, which can cause a large amount of side reactions in the denitration process of the selective catalytic reduction technology, thereby affecting the denitration effect and cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an environment-friendly ultra-clean emission system for furnace flue gas in the refractory material and metallurgical smelting industry, which is reasonable and compact in structure, low in investment and operation cost and capable of simultaneously realizing the environment-friendly requirements of ultra-clean emission of dust removal, desulfurization and denitration, and aims to solve the problem that the flue gas generated in the furnace kiln in the refractory material and metallurgical smelting industry cannot be effectively treated at present.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: an environment-friendly ultra-clean emission system for furnace flue gas in refractory materials and metallurgical smelting industries comprises a desulfurization device, a cloth bag dust removal device, a denitration device and an emission device which are connected in sequence;
the desulfurization device comprises a dry desulfurization tower, the dry desulfurization tower is divided into a left desulfurization chamber and a right desulfurization chamber by a vertically arranged partition plate, the bottoms of the left desulfurization chamber and the right desulfurization chamber are communicated, a first ash bucket is arranged at the bottom of the dry desulfurization tower, a compressed air interface is arranged at the lower part of the first ash bucket, and an ash discharge port at the bottom of the first ash bucket is provided with a star-shaped discharge valve (for ash discharge); the inlet flue is communicated with the top of the right desulfurization chamber through a venturi, a slaked lime interface is arranged at the throat of the venturi, a low-pressure steam interface is arranged on the inlet flue, and the outlet at the top of the left desulfurization chamber is communicated with the inlet of the cloth bag dust removal device through an outlet flue;
the denitration unit comprises a flue gas heater and an SCR denitration device, wherein an inlet and an outlet of the flue gas heater are respectively communicated with an outlet of the cloth bag dust removal device and an inlet of the SCR denitration device;
the discharging device comprises an induced draft fan and a chimney, and an inlet and an outlet of the induced draft fan are respectively communicated with an outlet of the SCR denitration device and an inlet of the chimney.
Furthermore, the venturi is a venturi contraction pipe and is positioned at a flue gas inlet section of the dry desulfurization tower, a slaked lime interface is arranged at a throat of the venturi, flue gas required to be desulfurized in the industrial furnace is led into the venturi through an inlet flue, and the slaked lime and the flue gas are fully mixed through the zooming effect of the venturi, so that acidic sulfur dioxide gas in the flue gas fully performs a neutralization reaction with alkaline slaked lime powder to achieve the purpose of primary desulfurization.
Furthermore, the middle upper part of the right desulfurization chamber of the desulfurization device is provided with an inertia louver type mixer, the inertia louver type mixer is welded to the front wall and the rear wall of the right desulfurization chamber by angle steel respectively, and two rows of angle steel which are longitudinally (along the flow direction of flue gas) 3-4 rows and transversely (perpendicular to the flow direction of the flue gas) are arranged in a staggered manner, the arrangement of the inertia louver type mixer increases the mixing and the stroke of the flue gas in the dry desulfurization tower, increases the reaction time of the flue gas and the slaked lime in the dry desulfurization tower, and ensures that the acidic sulfur dioxide gas in the flue gas fully performs a neutralization reaction with the alkaline slaked lime powder so as to achieve the purpose of secondary desulfurization.
Furthermore, the left desulfurization chamber is communicated with the bottom of the right desulfurization chamber through a first ash hopper, the first ash hopper is of a conical structure (in a necking form), two star-shaped discharge valves are arranged at an ash discharge port at the bottom of the first ash hopper in series, and the airtightness of the dry desulfurization tower can be ensured by the staggered operation of the two star-shaped discharge valves. Sulfate and the like generated by the reaction can be discharged out of the dry-method desulfurization tower at regular time through a star-shaped discharge valve. When the flue gas passes through the first ash bucket, the flue gas changes the direction by 180 degrees and enters the left desulfurization chamber, and the flue gas continues to react with sulfur dioxide in the flue gas in the left desulfurization chamber.
Furthermore, the lower edge of the partition board in the dry desulfurization tower extends into the position of 1/2-1/3, and the whole dry desulfurization tower forms a larger Venturi type through the partition board in the dry desulfurization tower, so that the acid sulfur dioxide gas in the flue gas is fully subjected to neutralization reaction with the alkaline slaked lime powder to achieve the purpose of three-level desulfurization. Meanwhile, the whole dry desulfurization tower forms a U-shaped structure through the mode of the built-in partition plate of the dry desulfurization tower, so that the retention time of the flue gas in the dry desulfurization tower is prolonged, the volume of the dry desulfurization tower is effectively reduced, and meanwhile, sufficient neutralization reaction time is provided for dry desulfurization.
Furthermore, a second ash hopper is arranged at the bottom of the outlet flue, a star-shaped discharge valve is arranged at the outlet of the second ash hopper, and a flue gas outlet is formed in the side face of the lower portion of the outlet flue.
Furthermore, the steam interface is a low-pressure steam interface, and the low-pressure steam sprayed into the inlet flue from the low-pressure steam interface can be mixed with the flue gas to increase the moisture content of the flue gas due to SO2Gas easily reacts with H2Formation of H from O gas2SO3And the oxygen content in the dry flue gas is generally not lower than 6 percent, and the oxygen in the flue gas also converts H into oxygen2SO3Further oxidation to H2SO4And strong acid is formed, so that conditions are provided for the subsequent acid-base neutralization reaction, and the desulfurization efficiency is improved.
Further, the slaked lime joint is arranged separately from the steam joint, and the steam joint is positioned on the flue before the slaked lime joint. The reason that the same interface is not adopted for spraying is to prevent that the slaked lime powder which just enters the flue is not scattered and is bonded into a cluster due to the higher humidity of the steam when the steam and the slaked lime enter the flue together, so that the full contact between the slaked lime and the flue gas is influenced, and the desulfurization efficiency is lowered.
Furthermore, the bag-type dust collector comprises a plurality of dust collecting units, a main air outlet pipeline, a main air inlet pipeline, a spiral conveyor and a bracket for supporting and fixing the dust collecting units;
the dust removal unit comprises a purification chamber, a dust removal chamber and an ash bucket which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the purification chamber is communicated with a main air outlet pipeline through an outlet butterfly valve, the dust removal chamber is communicated with a main air inlet pipeline through an inlet butterfly valve, a pattern plate and a high-temperature-resistant PTFE cloth bag are arranged between the purification chamber and the dust removal chamber, and the dust removal chamber and the purification chamber are respectively provided with a pressure measuring interface of a differential pressure transmitter; a blowing pipe is arranged in the purifying chamber; a sealing cover plate is arranged above the purifying chamber; the bottom of ash bucket installs the star type discharge valve, the below of star type discharge valve is equipped with screw conveyer.
Furthermore, the number of the dust removal units is multiple, and the specific number is determined according to the working condition flue gas treatment capacity; a plurality of dust removal units divide into two sets ofly, and two sets of dust removal units set up side by side along the flue gas flow direction, and a screw conveyer is shared to every dust removal unit of group.
Furthermore, the main air inlet pipeline and the main air outlet pipeline are positioned between the two groups of dust removal units.
Furthermore, the main air inlet pipeline is positioned below the main air outlet pipeline.
Furthermore, the high-temperature resistant PTFE cloth bag opening is firmly fixed on the pattern plate through a high-strength elastic piston ring.
Further, install main intake stack temperature transmitter on the main intake stack, install main air-out pipeline temperature transmitter on the main air-out pipeline.
Further, an ash bucket heating device is arranged on the ash bucket to prevent dew point corrosion of the ash bucket. The ash bucket heating device comprises but is not limited to a heating belt wrapped outside the ash bucket.
Furthermore, the pressure measuring interfaces are respectively arranged on the outer boxes on the same side of the dust removal chamber and the purification chamber.
Furthermore, the industrial furnace bag-type dust collector capable of detecting and replacing the damaged bag on line further comprises a control unit, wherein the control unit correspondingly controls the start and stop of the inlet butterfly valve, the outlet butterfly valve and the ash bucket heating device through signals transmitted by the differential pressure transmitter, the main air inlet pipeline temperature transmitter, the main air outlet pipeline temperature transmitter and the ash bucket temperature transmitter.
Further, star type discharge valve include casing, servo motor and pivot, servo motor fixes in the casing outside, is connected with the pivot of installing in the casing inside, install windmill type's runner in the pivot, the front end of runner is fixed with soft scraper blade.
Furthermore, temperature measuring points are arranged on pipelines in front of and behind the flue gas heater, and the heating device of the flue gas heater is a natural gas burner.
Further, the SCR denitrification facility is vertical structure, SCR denitrification facility top and bottom are provided with flue gas entry and exhanst gas outlet respectively, be provided with reductant ammonia water injection point on the flue between flue gas heater and the SCR denitrification facility entry, set up the three-layer grid behind the reductant ammonia water injection point.
Further, a flue gas guide plate is arranged at a flue gas inlet at the upper part of the SCR denitration device, and a honeycomb type catalyst is arranged below the flue gas guide plate; the honeycomb catalyst is multilayer (preferably three layers), an ash blowing port is arranged above each layer of honeycomb catalyst, and the ash blowing port is communicated with a compressed air pipeline; the upper layer and the lower layer of the catalyst are both provided with pressure measuring interfaces of a differential pressure transmitter; the distance between the ammonia water spraying point of the reducing agent and the upper surface of the honeycomb catalyst on the uppermost layer of the SCR denitration device is not less than 4 m.
Furthermore, the environment-friendly and ultra-clean emission system for the furnace flue gas in the refractory material and metallurgical smelting industry further comprises a control unit, wherein the control unit controls the start and stop of an inlet butterfly valve, an outlet butterfly valve, a natural gas burner, an SCR (selective catalytic reduction) denitration device soot blower and the like through signals transmitted by a differential pressure transmitter, a temperature transmitter and the like, and the intelligent and automatic control of the emission system can be realized through the arrangement of the control unit.
The invention relates to a process flow of an environment-friendly and ultra-clean discharge system for furnace flue gas in refractory materials and metallurgical smelting industry, which comprises the following steps:
the flue gas of the furnace kiln in the refractory material and metallurgical smelting industry is connected into the purification system through a flue, and the flue gas contains sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, dust and the like. First removing smokeAcid gas in the gas, and SO in the flue gas by a desulfurizing device (slaked lime dry desulfurizing device)2And (4) carrying out removal treatment, discharging the desulfurized flue gas from the desulfurizing tower into a cloth bag dust removing device, and carrying out gas-solid separation on the flue gas in the cloth bag dust removing device so as to ensure that the emission concentration of particulate matters meets the requirement. The cloth bag adopts a chamber structure form for detecting the breakage of the cloth bag on line and replacing the cloth bag on line. The solid particles separated by the cloth bag dust collector fall into a screw conveyer at the bottom and are collected into a dust box. The flue gas after dust removal enters a flue gas heating system, the flue gas temperature is guaranteed to be higher than 220 ℃, the flue gas enters an SCR denitration device, NOx is removed, and the flue gas after desulfurization, dust removal and denitration purification is sent into a chimney through an induced draft fan and then is discharged into the atmosphere.
Compared with the prior art, the environment-friendly ultra-clean discharge system for the furnace flue gas in the refractory material and metallurgical smelting industry has the following advantages:
first, desulphurization unit
The desulfurization device of the invention removes the acid gas (sulfur dioxide) in the flue gas by adopting a slaked lime dry desulfurization method, and no waste water and waste acid liquid are discharged in the treatment of the method, thereby reducing secondary pollution. The desulfurization device has the advantages of compact structure, low investment, easy operation and obviously improved desulfurization efficiency.
1) The low-pressure steam interface is arranged on the inlet flue, and the low-pressure steam sprayed from the low-pressure steam interface is mixed with the flue gas to increase the moisture content of the flue gas and greatly improve the efficiency of dry desulfurization. The steam is adopted instead of water spraying, so that the flue gas is prevented from being cooled greatly due to the water spraying, the phenomenon that the flue gas is stuck in a bag after entering the bag-type dust remover is caused, and the temperature is not reduced greatly, so that the heating cost in flue gas denitration is increased.
2) The flue gas inlet of the desulfurizing tower adopts a Venturi, and a slaked lime spraying interface is arranged at the throat of the Venturi. The flue gas to be desulfurized of the industrial furnace is led into the Venturi through the inlet flue, and the slaked lime and the flue gas are fully mixed through the contraction and enlargement effect of the Venturi, so that the acidic sulfur dioxide gas in the flue gas fully performs a neutralization reaction with the alkaline slaked lime powder to achieve the purpose of primary desulfurization.
3) The dry desulfurization tower is divided into a left chamber and a right chamber, the flue gas to be treated enters from the right desulfurization chamber of the dry desulfurization tower, and the inertia shutter type mixer arranged at the middle upper part of the right desulfurization chamber can increase the mixing and stroke of the flue gas and the slaked lime, increase the reaction time of the flue gas and the slaked lime in the desulfurization tower and improve the desulfurization efficiency;
4) the bottoms of the left desulfurization chamber and the right desulfurization chamber of the dry desulfurization tower are in a conical ash bucket structure, the communicated part of the bottoms is in a necking form, and the flue gas is accelerated when passing through the bottoms, so that unreacted slaked lime and the like are carried by the flue gas to enter the left desulfurization chamber and continuously react with sulfur dioxide in the flue gas.
5) The bottom of the dry desulfurization tower is provided with a conical ash bucket structure, and sodium sulfate generated by reaction is discharged through a star-shaped discharge valve. Here, the generation of sulfate is high, and continuous discharge is required, so that two star-shaped discharge valves are arranged. The alternate operation of the two star-shaped discharge valves can ensure the tightness in the deacidification tower.
6) According to the conical structure at the bottom of the dry desulfurization tower, when the ash bucket discharges ash, if the flow is blocked, the compressed air interface is opened to enable compressed air to enter the ash bucket and loosen materials accumulated at the bottom of the ash bucket, so that sulfate can be smoothly discharged out of the desulfurization device.
7) The dry desulfurization comprehensively utilizes the reaction of the front and rear flues of the desulfurization tower to remove sulfur dioxide, the design of an inlet Venturi, the design of an inertia shutter type mixer in the desulfurization tower, the design of left and right desulfurization chambers in the desulfurization tower and the design of accelerated return of flue gas at the first ash bucket at the bottom, so that the dry desulfurization tower has compact and not huge structure, but long reaction time and better desulfurization effect.
Bag-type dust collector
1) The working temperature of the bag-type dust collector is over 180 ℃, and high-temperature sulfur-containing smoke dust generated by waste incineration can be treated;
2) the dust chamber and the purification chamber of the dust removing unit of the bag-type dust remover are provided with pressure measuring interfaces of a differential pressure transmitter, and the problem of the bag of which chamber can be determined according to the change of the differential pressure value of the dust chamber and the purification chamber, such as the following steps: when the pressure difference value of a certain chamber exceeds the set value of the high point, the cloth bag blockage phenomenon of the chamber can be judged to be serious; when the pressure difference value of a certain chamber is lower than the low-point set value, the cloth bag of the chamber can be judged to be damaged and leaked, and the working state of the cloth bag dust remover can be monitored on line by the method.
3) The purifying chamber of each dust removal unit of the bag-type dust remover is communicated with the main air outlet pipeline through the outlet butterfly valve, the dust removal chamber of each dust removal unit is communicated with the main air inlet pipeline through the inlet butterfly valve, and each dust removal unit can form a completely independent chamber by closing the corresponding inlet butterfly valve and the corresponding outlet butterfly valve so as to realize the online replacement of the bag.
Three, denitrification facility
1) The operation temperature of the honeycomb catalyst in the SCR denitration device is 220-280 ℃, and the service life is 2-3 years.
2) A flue gas temperature measuring point is arranged on a flue behind the cloth bag dust removal device, and when the temperature of the flue gas is lower than 220 ℃, a low NOx natural gas burner on a flue gas heater is started to heat the flue gas; and a smoke temperature measuring point is also arranged at the outlet of the smoke heater, and the smoke temperature is controlled to be more than or equal to 220 ℃. The flue gas temperature is stabilized to be above 220 ℃ by adjusting the flow of the natural gas and controlling the start and stop of the natural gas burner.
3) The reducing agent ammonia water injection point is arranged on a flue between the flue gas heater and the SCR denitration device, the three layers of grids are arranged behind the injection point, disturbance of flue gas is increased, injected reducing agent ammonia water and the flue gas are uniformly mixed, meanwhile, a flue gas guide plate is arranged on the upper portion of the denitration device, the flue gas is enabled to be uniformly distributed under the action of the guide plate after entering the denitration device and then enters the catalyst layer, the contact area of the flue gas and the catalyst can be effectively increased, and the denitration efficiency is ensured.
4) In order to prevent the SCR denitration device from operating for a long time, dust accumulation causes catalyst failure and influences denitration efficiency, a dust blowing opening is arranged above each layer of catalyst, and a compressed air dust blower is adopted to perform compressed air blowing on the denitration device. The soot blowing system is controlled by a PLC.
5) The upper and lower layers of the catalyst of the denitration device are provided with pressure measuring interfaces of a differential pressure transmitter detection device, and the blockage condition of the catalyst is detected through a differential pressure value. If the differential pressure exceeds a set value, starting an air soot blower to blow soot on a catalyst layer of the SCR denitration device; if the differential pressure exceeds the set high value, alarming and feedback are carried out on the upper computer in time so as to facilitate inspection.
In conclusion, the environment-friendly ultra-clean emission system for the furnace flue gas in the refractory material and metallurgical smelting industry is scientific and reasonable in structure, and meets the environment-friendly requirements of ultra-clean emission of dust removal, desulfurization and denitration.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an environment-friendly and ultra-clean exhaust system for furnace flue gas in the refractory material and metallurgical smelting industry of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a desulfurization unit;
FIG. 3 is a front view of a bag house dust collector;
FIG. 4 is a left side view of the cloth bag dust collector;
FIG. 5 is a top view of a bag house dust collector;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a denitration apparatus.
Wherein, 1-steam interface, 2-inlet flue, 3-slaked lime interface, 4-Venturi, 5-inertia shutter type mixer, 6-dry desulfurizing tower, 7-first star-shaped discharge valve, 8-air interface, 9-slaked lime injection device, 10-cloth bag dedusting device, 11-outlet flue, 12-first temperature measuring point, 13-flue gas heater, 14-second temperature measuring point, 15-reducing agent ammonia water injection point, 16-grid, 17-differential pressure transmitter detection device, 18 ash blowing port, 19-SCR denitration device, 20-induced draft fan, 21-chimney, 101-high temperature resistant PTFE cloth bag, 102-pattern plate, 103-dedusting chamber, 104-purifying chamber, 105-differential pressure transmitter, 106-outlet butterfly valve, 107-a main air outlet pipeline, 108-a main air outlet pipeline temperature transmitter, 109-an inlet butterfly valve, 110-a main air inlet pipeline, 111-a main air inlet pipeline temperature transmitter, 112-an ash bucket, 113-an ash bucket heating device, 114-a second star-shaped discharge valve, 115-a screw conveyor, 116-a sealing cover plate and 117-a blowing pipe.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples:
example 1
The embodiment discloses an environment-friendly and ultra-clean emission system for furnace flue gas in the refractory material and metallurgical smelting industry, which has a structure shown in figure 1 and comprises a desulfurization device, a cloth bag dust removal device, a denitration device and an emission device which are connected in sequence.
The structure of the desulfurization device is shown in fig. 2, and the desulfurization device comprises a dry desulfurization tower 6 and a slaked lime injection device 9, wherein the dry desulfurization tower 6 is divided into a left desulfurization chamber and a right desulfurization chamber by a vertically arranged partition plate, and the lower edge of the partition plate in the dry desulfurization tower 6 extends into first ash hoppers 1/2-1/3. The left desulfurization chamber is communicated with the bottom of the right desulfurization chamber, a first ash hopper is arranged at the bottom of the desulfurization chamber, an air interface 8 is arranged at the lower part of the first ash hopper, and a first star-shaped discharge valve 7 is arranged at an ash discharge port at the bottom of the first ash hopper; two star-shaped discharge valves are arranged at a dust discharge port at the bottom of the first dust hopper and are arranged at a bottom outlet in series, and the airtightness in the tower can be ensured by the staggered operation of the two star-shaped discharge valves. The sodium sulfate produced by the reaction can be discharged at regular time through a star-shaped discharge valve. The left desulfurization chamber is communicated with the bottom of the right desulfurization chamber through a first ash bucket, the ash bucket is of a conical structure (a necking form), and the flue gas is accelerated when passing through the ash bucket, so that unreacted slaked lime and the like are carried by the flue gas to rotate 180 degrees and then enter the left desulfurization chamber to continue to react with sulfur dioxide in the flue gas.
And an inertia louver type mixer 5 is arranged at the middle upper part of the right desulfurization chamber, the arrangement of the inertia louver type mixer increases the mixing and the stroke of the flue gas and the slaked lime, the reaction time of the flue gas and the slaked lime in the desulfurization tower is prolonged, and the desulfurization efficiency is further improved.
The method for performing flue gas desulfurization by adopting the dry desulfurization device for the industrial furnace comprises the following steps: after being mixed in the inlet flue 2, the flue gas and the steam are further mixed with the slaked lime in a Venturi to enter a right desulfurization chamber of a desulfurization tower 6 in an accelerating way, and are further mixed with the flue gas and the slaked lime in an inertia shutter type mixer 5, and the flue gas runs from top to bottom; the flue gas enters the left desulfurization chamber after rotating 180 degrees from the right desulfurization chamber through the bottom ash bucket, the flue gas of the left desulfurization chamber runs from bottom to top, and after the flue gas is subjected to desulfurization reaction in the desulfurization tower 6, the flue gas is discharged from the outlet flue 11 and enters the subsequent process (such as a flue gas treatment device-a cloth bag dust removal device).
The outlet of the desulfurization device is communicated with the inlet of the cloth bag dust removal device through an outlet flue 11.
The structure of the bag-type dust collector 10 is shown in fig. 3-5, and comprises a plurality of dust collecting units, a main air outlet pipeline 107, a main air inlet pipeline 110, a spiral conveyor 115 and a bracket for supporting and fixing the dust collecting units;
but this embodiment on-line measuring is 12 with the dust removal unit of the industrial furnace kiln sack cleaner of changing the damaged sack, and 12 dust removal units divide into two sets ofly, and 6 dust removal units of every group, two sets of dust removal units set up side by side along the flue gas flow direction. The dust removal unit includes clean room 104, clean room 103 and the ash bucket 112 that top-down set gradually, clean room 104 goes out the wind pipeline 107 intercommunication with the owner through export butterfly valve 106, clean room 103 passes through import butterfly valve 109 and main intake stack 110 intercommunication, main intake stack 110 and main wind pipeline 107 are located between two sets of dust removal units, and main intake stack 110 is located the below of main wind pipeline 107. A main air inlet pipeline temperature transmitter 111 is installed on the main air inlet pipeline 110, and a main air outlet pipeline temperature transmitter 108 is installed on the main air outlet pipeline 107.
A pattern plate 102 and a high-temperature-resistant PTFE cloth bag 101 are arranged between the purification chamber 104 and the dust removal chamber 103. A sealing cover plate 116 is arranged above the purification chamber 104; an injection pipe 117 is installed in the clean room 104. Pressure measuring interfaces of a differential pressure transmitter 105 are respectively arranged on outer boxes on the same side of the dust removing chamber 103 and the purifying chamber 104; a second star-shaped discharge valve 114 is installed at the bottom end of the ash bucket 112, a screw conveyor 115 is arranged below the second star-shaped discharge valve 114, and each group of dust removing units shares one screw conveyor 115. The collected dust enters the screw conveyor 115 from the dust hopper 112 to be uniformly recovered.
The ash bucket 112 is provided with an ash bucket heating device 113 to prevent dew point corrosion of the ash bucket 112. The hopper heating device 113 includes, but is not limited to, a heating belt wrapped around the outside of the hopper.
The industrial furnace bag-type dust collector capable of detecting and replacing the damaged bag on line further comprises a control unit, and the control unit controls the start and stop of the inlet butterfly valve 109, the outlet butterfly valve 106, the ash bucket heating device 113 and the like correspondingly through signals transmitted by the differential pressure transmitter 105, the main air inlet pipeline temperature transmitter 111, the main air outlet pipeline temperature transmitter 108, the ash bucket temperature transmitter and the like.
The second star-shaped discharge valve 114 comprises a shell, a servo motor and a rotating shaft, wherein the servo motor is fixed on the outer side of the shell and connected with the rotating shaft arranged inside the shell, a windmill-shaped rotating wheel is arranged on the rotating shaft, and a soft scraper is fixed at the front end of the rotating wheel.
The working principle of the industrial furnace cloth bag dust remover for online detection and replacement of the damaged cloth bag is as follows: when the differential pressure transmitter gives an alarm at a low limit value, the inlet butterfly valve and the outlet butterfly valve of the corresponding dust removal unit are closed, and the sealing cover plate at the upper part of the purifying chamber is opened, so that the maintenance and the replacement of the dust removal unit can be conveniently carried out without influencing the normal work of the bag-type dust remover.
When the differential pressure transmitter gives an alarm at a high limit value, an electromagnetic pulse valve communicated with a blowing pipe is opened to blow the cloth bag, compressed gas sequentially passes through all the pulse valves of the dust removal unit in a very short time and enters the opening of the cloth bag through a nozzle on the blowing pipe to form air waves, so that the cloth bag is rapidly expanded and shocked from the opening to the bottom, and dust on the cloth bag is shaken off.
The inlet butterfly valve enables the flue gas to relatively uniformly enter each dust removing chamber of the dust removing unit by adjusting the opening degree of the inlet butterfly valve, so that the problem that the dust removing effect is influenced due to the fact that the amount of the flue gas is too large due to small resistance of the dust removing unit close to the inlet end of the flue gas and the increase of the filtering wind speed is solved.
As shown in fig. 6, the denitration unit includes a flue gas heater and an SCR denitration device 19, and an inlet and an outlet of the flue gas heater 13 are respectively communicated with an outlet of the cloth bag dust removal device and an inlet of the SCR denitration device 19; a first temperature measuring point 12 and a second temperature measuring point 14 are respectively arranged on pipelines in front of and behind the flue gas heater 13, and heating equipment of the flue gas heater is a natural gas burner. The SCR denitration device is of a vertical structure, a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet are respectively formed in the top and the bottom of the SCR denitration device, a reducing agent ammonia water injection point 15 is arranged on a flue between the flue gas heater and the inlet of the SCR denitration device, and a three-layer grid 16 is arranged behind the ammonia water injection point. A flue gas guide plate is arranged at the upper part of the SCR denitration device, and a honeycomb catalyst is arranged below the flue gas guide plate; the honeycomb type catalyst is divided into three layers, an ash blowing port 18 is arranged beside each layer of honeycomb type catalyst, and the ash blowing port is communicated with a compressed air pipeline; the upper part and the lower part of each layer of catalyst are provided with pressure measuring interfaces of a differential pressure transmitter detection device 17; the distance between the ammonia water spraying point and the upper surface of the honeycomb catalyst is not less than 4 m.
The discharging device comprises an induced draft fan 20 and a chimney 21, wherein an inlet and an outlet of the induced draft fan 20 are respectively communicated with an outlet of the SCR denitration device 19 and an inlet of the chimney 21.
The environment-friendly and ultra-clean furnace kiln flue gas emission system for the refractory materials and the metallurgical smelting industry further comprises a control unit, wherein the control unit controls the opening and closing of an inlet butterfly valve, an outlet butterfly valve, a natural gas burner, an air soot blower of an SCR (selective catalytic reduction) denitration device and the like through signals transmitted by a differential pressure transmitter, a temperature transmitter and the like, and the control unit can realize the intelligent and automatic control of the system.
The technological process of the environment-friendly and ultra-clean emission system for the refractory material and the furnace flue gas in the metallurgical smelting industry comprises the following steps:
the flue gas of the furnace kiln in the refractory material and metallurgical smelting industry is connected into the purification system through a flue, and the flue gas contains sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, dust and the like.
Firstly, acid gas in the flue gas is removed, and a desulfurization device (slaked lime dry desulfurization device) is used for removing SO in the flue gas2The dry desulfurization has the advantages of no waste water and acid pickle discharge during treatment and less secondary pollution.
The desulfurizing tower is divided into a left chamber and a right chamber. The inlet of the desulfurizing tower adopts a Venturi form, the flue gas is mixed with slaked lime at the Venturi form and enters the right desulfurizing tower chamber in an accelerating way, and the flue gas runs from top to bottom. The bottoms of the left desulfurizing tower chamber and the right desulfurizing chamber share one ash bucket. The flue gas enters the left desulfurization chamber from the right desulfurization chamber of the dry desulfurization tower through the bottom ash hopper, carries the slaked lime to run from bottom to top in the left desulfurization chamber, and reacts with SO2And after full reaction, the reaction product is discharged from a flue at the outlet of the desulfurizing tower.
Because the smoke gas may contain paraffin, the melting point of the paraffin is 47-64 ℃, the smoke gas temperature always exceeds the melting point temperature of the paraffin when the smoke gas normally runs, the paraffin can be adhered to a filter bag of the cloth bag dust removal device in a liquid state, and meanwhile, dust particles are adhered to the filter bag, so that the filter bag can be blocked when the smoke gas works for a long time; meanwhile, the ignition point of the paraffin is 158-159 ℃, the smoke contains a large amount of oxygen, and when the temperature of the smoke reaches the ignition point of the paraffin, the paraffin adhered to the filter bag is combusted to damage the cloth bag. The system adopts slaked lime for desulfurization, and the added slaked lime can increase the concentration of particulate matters in the flue gas and reduce the adhesion of paraffin, so that the paraffin in a molten state can be prevented from being adhered to the filter bag, and the function of protecting the filter bag is achieved. A steam interface is arranged on the front flue of the desulfurizing tower, and low-pressure steam is introduced to humidify the flue gas, so that the desulfurizing reaction efficiency is improved.
The flue gas from the outlet flue of the left desulfurization chamber enters a cloth bag dust removal device, and the gas-solid separation is carried out on the flue gas in the cloth bag dust removal device so as to ensure that the emission concentration of particulate matters meets the requirement. The cloth bag of the cloth bag dust removal device adopts high-temperature-resistant basalt and coated film, and the bag cage adopts carbon steel and sprayed organosilicon material, so that the stable and long-term operation of the cloth bag dust removal device is ensured. The cloth bag adopts a chamber structure form for detecting the breakage of the cloth bag on line and replacing the cloth bag on line. The solid particles separated by the cloth bag dust collector fall into a screw conveyer at the bottom and are collected into a dust box. And the flue gas after dust removal enters a denitration device. The temperature of the flue gas from the bag-type dust collector is about 180 ℃.
The denitration device adopts a honeycomb catalyst. The optimum temperature for use of the honeycomb catalyst is 220 ℃ to 280 ℃. Therefore, before SCR denitration, an automatic control combustion mode is adopted, when the temperature is lower than 220 ℃, a low-nitrogen natural gas combustor is started, and the flue gas is heated to be higher than 220 ℃ through burning natural gas. The residence time of the flue gas in the heater is not less than 1s through calculation, so that the temperature of the flue gas is uniform.
And (3) enabling the flue gas with the temperature of above 220 ℃ to enter an SCR denitration device for NOx removal treatment.
The flue gas with the temperature of more than or equal to 220 ℃ from the flue gas heater directly enters the SCR denitration device. The SCR denitration device is vertically arranged, and flue gas enters from the top and is discharged from the bottom and flows from top to bottom. The reducing agent ammonia water injection point is arranged on a flue in front of the SCR device, and a three-layer grid is arranged behind the injection point, so that the disturbance of flue gas is increased, and the injected ammonia water and the flue gas are uniformly mixed. The distance between the spraying point and the low-temperature catalyst is not less than 4m, so that the ammonia solution and the flue gas are uniformly mixed within the distance. The mixed flue gas enters an SCR denitration catalyst (in a honeycomb mode), and NOx is removed under the action of the catalyst.
The flue gas after desulfurization, dust removal, denitration purification is sent into a chimney through a draught fan and then is discharged into the atmosphere.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An environment-friendly ultra-clean emission system for furnace flue gas in refractory materials and metallurgical smelting industries is characterized by comprising a desulfurization device, a cloth bag dust removal device, a denitration device and an emission device which are connected in sequence;
the desulfurization device comprises a dry desulfurization tower, the dry desulfurization tower is divided into a left desulfurization chamber and a right desulfurization chamber by a vertically arranged partition plate, the bottoms of the left desulfurization chamber and the right desulfurization chamber are communicated, a first ash bucket is arranged at the bottom of the dry desulfurization tower, a compressed air interface is arranged at the lower part of the first ash bucket, and an ash discharge port at the bottom of the first ash bucket is provided with a star-shaped discharge valve; the inlet flue is communicated with the top of the right desulfurization chamber through a venturi, a slaked lime interface is arranged at the throat of the venturi, a low-pressure steam interface is arranged on the inlet flue, and the outlet at the top of the left desulfurization chamber is communicated with the inlet of the cloth bag dust removal device through an outlet flue;
the denitration unit comprises a flue gas heater and an SCR denitration device, wherein an inlet and an outlet of the flue gas heater are respectively communicated with an outlet of the cloth bag dust removal device and an inlet of the SCR denitration device;
the discharging device comprises an induced draft fan and a chimney, and an inlet and an outlet of the induced draft fan are respectively communicated with an outlet of the SCR denitration device and an inlet of the chimney.
2. The environment-friendly and ultra-clean discharge system for the refractory materials and the furnace flue gas in the metallurgical and smelting industry as claimed in claim 1, wherein an inertial shutter type mixer is arranged at the middle upper part of the right desulfurization chamber of the desulfurization device.
3. The environment-friendly and ultra-clean discharge system for the refractory materials and the kiln smoke of the metallurgical and smelting industry as claimed in claim 1, wherein two star-shaped discharge valves are arranged in series at a bottom ash discharge port of the first ash hopper; the bottom of the outlet flue is provided with a second ash hopper, a star-shaped discharge valve is arranged at an ash discharge port of the second ash hopper, and a flue gas outlet is formed in the side face of the lower portion of the outlet flue.
4. The environment-friendly and ultra-clean discharge system for the refractory materials and the kiln smoke of the metallurgical and smelting industries as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bag-type dust collector comprises a dust collection unit, a main air outlet pipeline, a main air inlet pipeline, a screw conveyor and a bracket for supporting and fixing the dust collection unit;
the dust removal unit comprises a purification chamber, a dust removal chamber and an ash bucket which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the purification chamber is communicated with a main air outlet pipeline through an outlet butterfly valve, the dust removal chamber is communicated with a main air inlet pipeline through an inlet butterfly valve, a pattern plate and a high-temperature-resistant PTFE cloth bag are arranged between the purification chamber and the dust removal chamber, and the dust removal chamber and the purification chamber are respectively provided with a pressure measuring interface of a differential pressure transmitter; the bottom of ash bucket installs the star type discharge valve, the below of star type discharge valve is equipped with screw conveyer.
5. The environment-friendly and ultra-clean emission system for the flue gas of the furnace and kiln in the refractory material and metallurgical and smelting industry as claimed in claim 4, wherein the number of the dust removal units is multiple, the dust removal units are divided into two groups, the two groups of dust removal units are arranged in parallel along the flow direction of the flue gas, each group of dust removal units shares a screw conveyor, and the main air inlet pipeline and the main air outlet pipeline are positioned between the two groups of dust removal units; the main air inlet pipeline is positioned below the main air outlet pipeline.
6. The environment-friendly and ultra-clean discharge system for the refractory materials and the kiln smoke in the metallurgical and smelting industries as claimed in claim 4, wherein a main air inlet pipeline temperature transmitter is installed on the main air inlet pipeline, and a main air outlet pipeline temperature transmitter is installed on the main air outlet pipeline.
7. The environment-friendly and ultra-clean discharge system for the refractory materials and the furnace flue gas in the metallurgical and smelting industries as claimed in claim 1, wherein temperature measuring points are arranged on pipelines at the front and the rear of the flue gas heater, and the heating equipment of the flue gas heater is a natural gas burner.
8. The environment-friendly and ultra-clean emission system for the refractory material and the furnace flue gas in the metallurgical and smelting industry as claimed in claim 1, wherein the SCR denitration device is of a vertical structure, a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet are respectively formed in the top and the bottom of the SCR denitration device, a reducing agent ammonia water injection point is arranged on a flue between the flue gas heater and the inlet of the SCR denitration device, and three layers of grids are arranged behind the reducing agent ammonia water injection point.
9. The environment-friendly and ultra-clean discharge system for the refractory materials and the kiln flue gas in the metallurgical and smelting industry as claimed in claim 1 or 8, wherein a flue gas guide plate is arranged at the upper part of the SCR denitration device, and a honeycomb type catalyst is arranged below the flue gas guide plate; the honeycomb type catalyst is multilayer, an ash blowing port is arranged above each layer of honeycomb type catalyst, and the ash blowing port is communicated with a compressed air pipeline; pressure measuring interfaces of a differential pressure transmitter detection device are arranged between the upper layer and the lower layer of the catalyst.
10. The environment-friendly ultra-clean emission system for the flue gas of the furnace kiln in the refractory material and the metallurgical and smelting industries as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising a control unit, wherein the control unit controls the start and stop of an inlet butterfly valve, an outlet butterfly valve, a natural gas burner, an SCR denitrification device soot blower and the like through corresponding differential pressure transmitters and temperature transmitters.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011546956.3A CN112569765A (en) | 2020-12-24 | 2020-12-24 | Furnace kiln smoke environment-friendly ultra-clean discharge system for refractory material and metallurgical smelting industry |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113893683A (en) * | 2021-08-17 | 2022-01-07 | 华能重庆珞璜发电有限责任公司 | Full-load denitration system of subcritical coal-fired boiler |
| KR102424934B1 (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-07-22 | 유현철 | Smelting assembly for the production of steel |
-
2020
- 2020-12-24 CN CN202011546956.3A patent/CN112569765A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113893683A (en) * | 2021-08-17 | 2022-01-07 | 华能重庆珞璜发电有限责任公司 | Full-load denitration system of subcritical coal-fired boiler |
| CN113893683B (en) * | 2021-08-17 | 2023-10-20 | 华能重庆珞璜发电有限责任公司 | Subcritical coal-fired boiler full-load denitration system |
| KR102424934B1 (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-07-22 | 유현철 | Smelting assembly for the production of steel |
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