CN112569619A - Low-temperature vacuum evaporator used at low ambient temperature - Google Patents
Low-temperature vacuum evaporator used at low ambient temperature Download PDFInfo
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- CN112569619A CN112569619A CN202011592608.XA CN202011592608A CN112569619A CN 112569619 A CN112569619 A CN 112569619A CN 202011592608 A CN202011592608 A CN 202011592608A CN 112569619 A CN112569619 A CN 112569619A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D1/00—Evaporating
- B01D1/0011—Heating features
- B01D1/0041—Use of fluids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D1/00—Evaporating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D1/00—Evaporating
- B01D1/30—Accessories for evaporators ; Constructional details thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/043—Details
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/048—Purification of waste water by evaporation
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Abstract
The application relates to a low temperature vacuum evaporator for use at low ambient temperatures, comprising: the evaporation tank is used for evaporating the waste liquid and is provided with a first steam outlet, a concentrated liquid outlet and a waste liquid inlet; the first heat exchanger is arranged inside or outside the evaporation tank; the condensation tank is connected with the first steam outlet through a steam pipeline, and a second heat exchanger is arranged in the condensation tank and used for cooling the generated steam; the heat pump system comprises a compressor and a throttling device which are respectively connected with a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger, and provides heat exchange media for the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger; the pressure reducing device is used for vacuumizing the evaporating tank and the condensing tank; and the preheating assembly is used for heating the waste liquid and/or heating the heat exchange medium. This low temperature vacuum evaporator direct action waste liquid and/or heat transfer medium enable the waste liquid and heat up rapidly and form steam in the evaporating pot, carry out the heat transfer with the heat transfer medium in the condensing tank, and then for compressor additional heat transfer medium.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a low-temperature vacuum evaporator used at low ambient temperature, belonging to the field of environment-friendly equipment.
Background
Energy and environmental issues have become increasingly prominent in industrial production, which puts higher demands on energy saving technology. The discharge of dangerous waste liquid such as industrial waste water has caused serious environmental pollution, in order to protect the environment, need strict control sewage discharge, each large-scale landfill enterprise all need discharge sewage to special sewage treatment plant and just can discharge after handling, and sewage treatment plant generally charges according to the handling capacity, and for example one ton several thousand yuan, consequently, the cost of enterprise on sewage treatment also increases by a wide margin.
The heat pump technology is an efficient and environment-friendly energy-saving technology, and can be widely applied to the industrial production fields of chemical industry, low-grade heat energy utilization, seawater desalination, sewage treatment and the like. After the heat pump evaporation concentration, can follow and draw out the distilled water that accords with emission standard in the sewage, this distilled water can directly discharge, and remaining concentrate discharges sewage treatment plant again and handles the sewage treatment cost that can the significantly reduce enterprise, for example 10 tons of sewage can decompose into 9 tons of distilled water and 1 ton of concentrate after the evaporation concentration, and the enterprise only needs the cost of spending 1 ton of handling capacity to greatly reduced sewage treatment expense.
Under the action of negative pressure, the waste liquid in the evaporator needs to be heated to 30-40 ℃ for evaporation, the waste liquid is at about 25 ℃ at room temperature, the waste liquid is heated to 30-40 ℃ without waiting for a long time, and the consumed energy is less. However, when the environmental temperature is low, for example, in winter in northern cities, the environmental temperature is below zero, and the waste liquid is heated to 30-40 ℃ for a long time and energy. And, because no steam produces in the evaporating pot this moment, therefore the compressor among the heat pump system can't obtain the replenishment of heat transfer medium, can be in the low load running state, and then can't provide heat transfer medium for the waste liquid and heat. Therefore, the equipment is often unable to start and the compressor is easily damaged.
The present application is particularly proposed based on the above-described situation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a low-temperature vacuum evaporator used at low ambient temperature, which can quickly heat up waste liquid in an evaporation tank to form steam by directly acting on the waste liquid and/or a heat exchange medium so as to exchange heat with the heat exchange medium in a condensation tank and further supplement the heat exchange medium for a compressor.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a low-temperature vacuum evaporator for use at low ambient temperatures, comprising:
the evaporation tank is used for evaporating the waste liquid and is provided with a first steam outlet, a concentrated liquid outlet and a waste liquid inlet;
a first heat exchanger disposed inside or outside the evaporation tank;
the condensation tank is connected with the first steam outlet through a steam pipeline, and a second heat exchanger is arranged in the condensation tank and used for cooling the steam generated in the evaporation tank;
the heat pump system comprises a compressor and a throttling device which are respectively connected with the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger so as to provide heat exchange media for the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger;
the pressure reducing device is used for vacuumizing the evaporation tank and the condensing tank;
and the number of the first and second groups,
and (4) preheating the assembly.
Further, the preheating assembly includes a heating assembly disposed inside or outside the evaporation tank for heating the waste liquid.
Further, the heating assembly is arranged inside the evaporation tank and used for heating the waste liquid in the evaporation tank; the heating assembly comprises a controllable electric heating device and a sensor for detecting the temperature of the waste liquid in the evaporation tank.
Further, when the sensor detects that the temperature of the waste liquid in the evaporation tank is at the evaporation temperature, the electric heating assembly is turned off.
Further, the heating assembly is arranged outside the evaporation tank, and comprises a heating plate which can be opened and closed and is sleeved outside the evaporation tank and a sensor for detecting the temperature of the waste liquid in the evaporation tank; when the low-temperature vacuum evaporator is started, the heating plate maintains the temperature in the evaporation tank to be greater than or equal to the evaporation temperature of the heat exchange medium; when the sensor detects that the temperature of the waste liquid in the evaporation tank is at an evaporation temperature, the heating plate is closed.
Further, the heating element is arranged outside the evaporating pot, and the heating element heats the waste liquid entering the evaporating pot.
Further, the preheating assembly comprises a heating assembly arranged on the condensing tank to heat the heat exchange medium in the second heat exchanger.
Further, the heating assembly is arranged outside the condensation tank; the heating component comprises a heating plate which can be opened and closed and is sleeved outside the condensing tank.
Further, the preheating assembly comprises a heating assembly which is connected with the throttling device and the second heat exchanger, and the heating assembly heats the heat exchange medium which enters the second heat exchanger from the throttling device.
Further, the throttling device is connected with the second heat exchanger through a first pipeline, and the heating assembly is arranged on the first pipeline.
Further, the throttling device is connected with the second heat exchanger through a first pipeline, and the heating assembly is connected with the throttling device and the second heat exchanger through a second pipeline.
Further, the heating assembly comprises a jacket sleeved outside the first pipeline, a heating medium circulating between the jacket and the first pipeline, and a heat source for providing the heating medium.
Further, the heating assembly includes a third heat exchanger, a heating medium circulating in the third heat exchanger, and a heat source providing the heating medium.
Further, the heating assembly is a plate heat exchanger.
Further, the heating component is an air condenser.
Further, the preheating assembly comprises a steam device connected with the steam pipeline and used for providing steam for the condensing tank so as to heat the heat exchange medium in the condensing tank.
Further, the pressure reduction device can simultaneously vacuumize the steam device.
Further, the steam device comprises a steam tank and a heat source, wherein the heat source heats water in the steam tank to generate steam; when the steam device works, the pressure in the steam tank is the same as the pressure in the evaporation tank.
Further, the heat source is an electric heater.
Furthermore, a second steam outlet, a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet are arranged on the steam tank, and a valve used for opening or closing the second steam outlet is arranged at the second steam outlet.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the low temperature vacuum evaporator who uses under the low ambient temperature of this application enables the waste liquid and intensifies rapidly in the evaporating pot and forms steam through direct action waste liquid and/or heat transfer medium to carry out the heat transfer with the heat transfer medium in the condensation jar, and then for compressor replenishment heat transfer medium, avoided the compressor low-load operation.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly understood and to implement them in accordance with the contents of the description, the following detailed description is given with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of a low temperature vacuum vaporizer for use at low ambient temperatures in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a heating element in a low-temperature vacuum evaporator for use in low ambient temperatures according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a second schematic structural diagram of a heating element in a low-temperature vacuum evaporator for use in low ambient temperatures according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a low temperature vacuum vaporizer for use at ambient temperature as shown in example two of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a heating element of a low-temperature vacuum evaporator for use at ambient temperature according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a low temperature vacuum evaporator for use at ambient temperature according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a heating element in a low-temperature vacuum evaporator for use at ambient temperature according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a second schematic structural diagram of a heating element in a low-temperature vacuum evaporator for use at ambient temperature according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a flow chart of a low temperature vacuum vaporizer for use at ambient temperature as shown in example four of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of a steam unit in a low-temperature vacuum evaporator used at ambient temperature according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that: the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner" and "outer" of the present invention are used for describing the present invention with reference to the drawings, and are not intended to be limiting terms.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1, a low-temperature vacuum evaporator according to a first embodiment of the present invention includes an evaporation tank 1 for loading waste liquid, a first heat exchanger 2 for heating the waste liquid, a condensation tank 3 connected to the evaporation tank 1, a second heat exchanger 4 disposed in the condensation tank 3 for cooling steam, a heat pump system 5 for providing a heat exchange medium, a pressure reducer 6 for vacuumizing the evaporation tank 1 and the condensation tank 3, and a heating assembly (preheating assembly) 7 for heating the heat exchange medium entering the second heat exchanger 4.
Specifically, the first heat exchanger 2 of the present embodiment is disposed in the evaporation tank 1, and is preferably a coil heat exchanger; indeed, in other embodiments, the first heat exchanger 2 may also be another internal heat exchanger, such as a heat exchange tube, or an external heat exchanger (existing structure, not described in detail).
In this embodiment, the evaporation tank 1 is provided with a steam outlet 11, a concentrated solution outlet 12 and a waste liquid inlet 13, and preferably, the steam outlet 11 is arranged at or near the top of the evaporation tank 1; a concentrated solution outlet 12 is provided at the bottom of the evaporator 1, and a waste solution inlet 13 is provided corresponding to the inlet of the first heat exchanger 2. The condensing tank 3 is communicated with the steam outlet 11 through a steam pipeline 10, so that the steam generated in the evaporating tank 1 enters the condensing tank 3 through the steam pipeline 10 for cooling. Similarly, a second heat exchanger 4, preferably a heat exchange tube, is arranged in the condensation tank 3; indeed, in other embodiments, the second heat exchanger 4 may also be another internal heat exchanger, such as a coil heat exchanger.
In this embodiment, the heat pump system 5 includes a compressor 51 and a throttling device 52, and preferably, the throttling device 52 is an expansion valve, and indeed, in other embodiments, the throttling device 52 may also be a capillary tube or the like. The compressor 51 and the expansion valve 52 are connected to the first heat exchanger 2 and the second heat exchanger 4, respectively, and form a loop. The gaseous heat exchange medium is compressed into a liquid by the compressor 51, releasing a large amount of heat into the first heat exchanger 2, thereby heating the waste liquid in the evaporation tank 1. The heat exchange medium absorbs a large amount of heat through the throttling action of the expansion valve 52 and then enters the second heat exchanger 4 from the first pipe 53, so that the steam in the condensation tank 3 is cooled. The heat exchange medium having absorbed the heat of the steam is reformed into a gaseous state and enters the compressor 51 to be recycled.
The inventors have found that, in the case where the outside ambient temperature is low, it takes a long time for the waste liquid to be heated to the evaporation temperature (30 to 40 ℃) when the apparatus is started up, in which no steam is generated. Therefore, the heat exchange medium in the second heat exchanger 4 in the condensation pipe can not absorb heat and convert the heat into a gas state, so that the energy can not be supplied to the compressor 51, the preheating time of the waste liquid is further prolonged, and the compressor 51 is easy to damage in a low-load operation state. Therefore, a heating assembly 7 is provided to heat the heat exchange medium entering the second heat exchanger 4, so that the heat exchange medium can absorb heat and be converted into a gaseous state.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the heating assembly 7 is disposed inside the evaporation tank 1, and preferably comprises a controllable electric heating device and a sensor (not shown) for detecting the temperature of the waste liquid in the evaporation tank 1. When the device is started, the waste liquid in the evaporation tank 1 needs to be heated to the evaporation temperature by the electric heating device 7 due to low external temperature, and when the sensor 72 detects that the temperature of the waste liquid in the evaporation tank 1 is at the evaporation temperature, the electric heating device 7 is turned off.
In another scheme, as shown in fig. 3, a heating assembly 7 is arranged outside the evaporation tank 1, and the heating assembly 7 comprises a heating plate which can be opened and closed and is sleeved outside the evaporation tank 1 and a sensor for detecting the temperature of the waste liquid in the evaporation tank 1. When the low-temperature vacuum evaporator is started, the heating plate 7 maintains the temperature in the evaporation tank 1 to be greater than or equal to the evaporation temperature of the heat exchange medium; when the sensor detects that the temperature of the waste liquid in the evaporation tank 1 is at the evaporation temperature, the heating plate is closed. The heating plate 7 is selected from any one of a stainless steel heating plate, an aluminum heating plate, a copper heating plate, or a silicone heating plate.
In another embodiment, the heating assembly is disposed outside the evaporation tank, and the heating assembly heats the waste liquid entering the evaporation tank, either at the source of the waste liquid or in the pipeline. The concrete selection can be carried out according to the actual situation.
In this embodiment, the apparatus of the present application further comprises a distilled water tank 8, and the distilled water tank 8 is connected to the condensation tank 3 for storing the cooled distilled water. The pressure reducing device 6 is arranged on the distilled water tank 8 and specifically comprises a centrifugal water pump 61 and a water jet 62 connected with the centrifugal water pump 61. When equipment starts, water is stored in the distilled water tank 8, and by utilizing the water in the distilled water tank 8, the pressure reducing device 6 can realize continuous vacuumizing effect and has lower energy consumption.
The low temperature vacuum evaporator of this embodiment comes to give the waste liquid that can get into to the evaporating pot through setting up heating element and carries out the initiative heating, makes it form steam in the evaporating pot to carry out the heat transfer with the heat transfer medium in the condensation jar, and then for compressor replenishment heat transfer medium, both avoided the compressor low-load operation, can make the waste liquid in the evaporating pot obtain rapid heating again, make equipment can normal operating under low ambient temperature's condition.
Example two
Referring to fig. 4 and 5, a low-temperature vacuum evaporator according to a second embodiment of the present invention includes an evaporation tank 1 for loading waste liquid, a first heat exchanger 2 for heating the waste liquid, a condensation tank 3 connected to the evaporation tank 1, a second heat exchanger 4 disposed in the condensation tank 3 for cooling steam, a heat pump system 5 for providing a heat exchange medium, a pressure reducing device 6 for evacuating the evaporation tank 1 and the condensation tank 3, and a heating assembly (preheating assembly) 7 for heating the heat exchange medium entering the second heat exchanger 4.
Specifically, the first heat exchanger 2 of the present embodiment is disposed in the evaporation tank 1, and is preferably a coil heat exchanger; indeed, in other embodiments, the first heat exchanger 2 may also be another internal heat exchanger, such as a heat exchange tube, or an external heat exchanger (existing structure, not described in detail).
In this embodiment, the evaporation tank 1 is provided with a steam outlet 11, a concentrated solution outlet 12 and a waste liquid inlet 13, and preferably, the steam outlet 11 is arranged at or near the top of the evaporation tank 1; a concentrated solution outlet 12 is provided at the bottom of the evaporator 1, and a waste solution inlet 13 is provided corresponding to the inlet of the first heat exchanger 2. The condensing tank 3 is communicated with the steam outlet 11 through a steam pipeline 10, so that the steam generated in the evaporating tank 1 enters the condensing tank 3 through the steam pipeline 10 for cooling. Similarly, a second heat exchanger 4, preferably a heat exchange tube, is arranged in the condensation tank 3; indeed, in other embodiments, the second heat exchanger 4 may also be another internal heat exchanger, such as a coil heat exchanger.
In this embodiment, the heat pump system 5 includes a compressor 51 and a throttling device 52, and preferably, the throttling device 52 is an expansion valve, and indeed, in other embodiments, the throttling device 52 may also be a capillary tube or the like. The compressor 51 and the expansion valve 52 are connected to the first heat exchanger 2 and the second heat exchanger 4, respectively, and form a loop. The gaseous heat exchange medium is compressed into a liquid by the compressor 51, releasing a large amount of heat into the first heat exchanger 2, thereby heating the waste liquid in the evaporation tank 1. The heat exchange medium absorbs a large amount of heat through the throttling action of the expansion valve 52 and then enters the second heat exchanger 4 from the first pipe 53, so that the steam in the condensation tank 3 is cooled. The heat exchange medium having absorbed the heat of the steam is reformed into a gaseous state and enters the compressor 51 to be recycled.
The inventors have found that, in the case where the outside ambient temperature is low, it takes a long time for the waste liquid to be heated to the evaporation temperature (30 to 40 ℃) when the apparatus is started up, in which no steam is generated. Therefore, the heat exchange medium in the second heat exchanger 4 in the condensation pipe can not absorb heat and convert the heat into a gas state, so that the energy can not be supplied to the compressor 51, the preheating time of the waste liquid is further prolonged, and the compressor 51 is easy to damage in a low-load operation state. Therefore, a heating assembly 7 is provided to heat the heat exchange medium entering the second heat exchanger 4, so that the heat exchange medium can absorb heat and be converted into a gaseous state.
In this embodiment, the heating element 7 is detachably disposed outside the condensing tank 3, and includes a heating plate disposed outside the condensing tank and capable of being opened and closed. Specifically, the heating plate is selected from any one of a stainless steel heating plate, an aluminum heating plate, a copper heating plate or a silica gel heating plate. When the low-temperature vacuum evaporator is started, the heating assembly maintains the temperature in the condensation tank to be greater than or equal to the evaporation temperature of the heat exchange medium.
In this embodiment, the apparatus of the present application further comprises a distilled water tank 8, and the distilled water tank 8 is connected to the condensation tank 3 for storing the cooled distilled water. The pressure reducing device 6 is arranged on the distilled water tank 8 and specifically comprises a centrifugal water pump 61 and a water jet 62 connected with the centrifugal water pump 61. When equipment starts, water is stored in the distilled water tank 8, and by utilizing the water in the distilled water tank 8, the pressure reducing device 6 can realize continuous vacuumizing effect and has lower energy consumption.
The low temperature vacuum evaporator of this embodiment carries out the initiative heating for the heat transfer medium in the condensation jar through setting up heating element, makes heat transfer medium evaporate into the gaseous state in the condensation jar, and then for heat pump system's compressor provides the energy, has both avoided the compressor low-load operation, can make the waste liquid in the evaporation jar obtain rapid heating again, makes equipment can normal operating under low ambient temperature's condition.
EXAMPLE III
Referring to fig. 6 to 8, a low-temperature vacuum evaporator according to a third embodiment of the present invention includes an evaporation tank 1 for loading waste liquid, a first heat exchanger 2 for heating the waste liquid, a condensation tank 3 connected to the evaporation tank 1, a second heat exchanger 4 disposed in the condensation tank 3 for cooling steam, a heat pump system 5 for providing a heat exchange medium, a pressure reducing device 6 for evacuating the evaporation tank 1 and the condensation tank 3, and a heating assembly (preheating assembly) 7 for heating the heat exchange medium entering the second heat exchanger 4.
Specifically, the first heat exchanger 2 of the present embodiment is disposed in the evaporation tank 1, and is preferably a coil heat exchanger; indeed, in other embodiments, the first heat exchanger 2 may also be another internal heat exchanger, such as a heat exchange tube, or an external heat exchanger (existing structure, not described in detail).
In this embodiment, the evaporation tank 1 is provided with a steam outlet 11, a concentrated solution outlet 12 and a waste liquid inlet 13, and preferably, the steam outlet 11 is arranged at or near the top of the evaporation tank 1; a concentrated solution outlet 12 is provided at the bottom of the evaporator 1, and a waste solution inlet 13 is provided corresponding to the inlet of the first heat exchanger 2. The condensing tank 3 is communicated with the steam outlet 11 through a steam pipeline 10, so that the steam generated in the evaporating tank 1 enters the condensing tank 3 through the steam pipeline 10 for cooling. Similarly, a second heat exchanger 4, preferably a heat exchange tube, is arranged in the condensation tank 3; indeed, in other embodiments, the second heat exchanger 4 may also be another internal heat exchanger, such as a coil heat exchanger.
In this embodiment, the heat pump system 5 includes a compressor 51 and a throttling device 52, and preferably, the throttling device 52 is an expansion valve, and indeed, in other embodiments, the throttling device 52 may also be a capillary tube or the like. The compressor 51 and the expansion valve 52 are connected to the first heat exchanger 2 and the second heat exchanger 4, respectively, and form a loop. The gaseous heat exchange medium is compressed into a liquid by the compressor 51, releasing a large amount of heat into the first heat exchanger 2, thereby heating the waste liquid in the evaporation tank 1. The heat exchange medium absorbs a large amount of heat through the throttling action of the expansion valve 52 and then enters the second heat exchanger 4 from the first pipe 53, so that the steam in the condensation tank 3 is cooled. The heat exchange medium having absorbed the heat of the steam is reformed into a gaseous state and enters the compressor 51 to be recycled.
The inventors have found that, in the case where the outside ambient temperature is low, it takes a long time for the waste liquid to be heated to the evaporation temperature (30 to 40 ℃) when the apparatus is started up, in which no steam is generated. Therefore, the heat exchange medium in the second heat exchanger 4 in the condensation pipe can not absorb heat and convert the heat into a gas state, so that the energy can not be supplied to the compressor 51, the preheating time of the waste liquid is further prolonged, and the compressor 51 is easy to damage in a low-load operation state. Therefore, a heating assembly 7 is provided to heat the heat exchange medium entering the second heat exchanger 4, so that the heat exchange medium can absorb heat and be converted into a gaseous state.
In the present embodiment, the heating assembly 7 is disposed outside the first pipe 53, and includes a jacket 71 disposed outside the first pipe 53, a heating medium flowing between the jacket 71 and the first pipe 53, and a heat source 72 for providing the heating medium. Specifically, a gap is provided between the jacket 71 and the first pipe 53 to allow the heating medium to flow therethrough. When the apparatus is started and the heat exchange medium is heated by the heating medium as it passes through the first conduit 53, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the pressure in the heat pump system 5 is generally low, wherein the heat exchange medium is evaporated at a lower temperature. Therefore, after being heated by the heating medium, the heat exchange medium is heated and evaporated to a gaseous state at this time to power the compressor 51. The heating medium of the present embodiment is preferably hot water, the heat source 72 is a heater (a conventional heater on the market, which will not be described in detail herein) capable of heating water, and the heater 72 can be controlled manually or electrically. When the device is completely warmed up, the heater 72 is turned off. Indeed, in other embodiments, the heating medium and the heat source 72 may also be selected according to actual needs, for example, the heating medium may also be steam, flue gas, or the like.
In another scheme, a second pipeline 54 may be further provided, and the heating assembly 7 is disposed on the second pipeline 54 to connect the throttling device 52 and the second heat exchanger 4, and controls the flow direction of the heat exchange medium through a valve and other structures, so as to avoid interference of the heating assembly 7 on the heat exchange medium in the first pipeline 53 after preheating is completed. At the same time, no modification of the first conduit 53 is required to suit the installation of the heating assembly 7.
In another aspect, the heating assembly 7 may also be a heat exchange device, specifically, including a third heat exchanger, a heating medium circulating in the third heat exchanger, and a heat source providing the heating medium. For example a plate heat exchanger (shown in figure 8). In particular, the heating component 7 may also be an air condenser, when the external environment temperature is low, the pressure in the heat pump system 5 is low under the action of expansion with heat and contraction with cold, and the heat exchange medium in the heat pump system can be evaporated at a low temperature. Therefore, the air condenser is adopted under the condition that the external environment temperature is higher than the evaporation temperature of the heat exchange medium, and the heat exchange medium can be evaporated by blowing heat to the heat exchange medium through the air condenser.
In this embodiment, the apparatus of the present application further comprises a distilled water tank 8, and the distilled water tank 8 is connected to the condensation tank 3 for storing the cooled distilled water. The pressure reducing device 6 is arranged on the distilled water tank 8 and specifically comprises a centrifugal water pump 61 and a water jet 62 connected with the centrifugal water pump 61. When equipment starts, water is stored in the distilled water tank 8, and by utilizing the water in the distilled water tank 8, the pressure reducing device 6 can realize continuous vacuumizing effect and has lower energy consumption.
The low temperature vacuum evaporator of this embodiment carries out the initiative heating for the heat transfer medium who enters into the condensing jar through setting up heating element, makes heat transfer medium evaporate into the gaseous state after entering into the condensing jar, and then provides the energy for heat pump system's compressor, has avoided the compressor low-load operation promptly, can make the waste liquid in the evaporating jar obtain rapid heating again, makes equipment can be normal operating under low ambient temperature's condition.
Example four
Referring to fig. 9 and 10, a low-temperature vacuum evaporator according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention includes an evaporation tank 1 for loading waste liquid, a first heat exchanger 2 for heating the waste liquid, a condensation tank 3 connected to the evaporation tank 1, a heat pump system 4 for providing a heat exchange medium, a pressure reducer 5 for vacuumizing the evaporation tank 1 and the condensation tank 3, and a steam device (preheating assembly) 6 for providing steam to the condensation tank 3.
Specifically, the first heat exchanger 2 of the present embodiment is disposed in the evaporation tank 1, and is preferably a coil heat exchanger; indeed, in other embodiments, the first heat exchanger 2 may also be another internal heat exchanger, such as a heat exchange tube, or an external heat exchanger (existing structure, not described in detail).
In this embodiment, the evaporation tank 1 is provided with a first vapor outlet 11, a concentrated solution outlet 12 and a waste liquid inlet 13, and preferably, the first vapor outlet 11 is arranged at or near the top of the evaporation tank 1; a concentrated solution outlet 12 is provided at the bottom of the evaporator 1, and a waste solution inlet 13 is provided corresponding to the inlet of the first heat exchanger 2. The condensing tank 3 is communicated with the first steam outlet 11 through a steam pipeline 10, so that the steam generated in the evaporating tank 1 enters the condensing tank 3 through the steam pipeline 10 for cooling. Similarly, a second heat exchanger 31, preferably a heat exchange tube, is provided in the condensation tank 3; indeed, in other embodiments, the second heat exchanger 31 may also be another internal heat exchanger, such as a coil heat exchanger.
In this embodiment, the heat pump system 4 includes a compressor 41 and a throttling device 42, and preferably, the throttling device 42 is an expansion valve, and indeed, in other embodiments, the throttling device 42 may also be a capillary tube or the like. The compressor 41 and the expansion valve 42 are connected to the first heat exchanger 2 and the second heat exchanger 31, respectively, and form a loop. The gaseous heat exchange medium is compressed into a liquid by the compressor 41, releasing a large amount of heat into the first heat exchanger 2, thereby heating the waste liquid in the evaporation tank 1. Then the heat exchange medium absorbs a large amount of heat through the throttling action of the expansion valve 42 and enters the second heat exchanger 31, so that the steam in the condensation tank 3 is cooled. The heat exchange medium absorbing the heat of the steam is reformed into a gaseous state and enters the compressor 41 to be recycled.
The inventors have found that, in the case where the outside ambient temperature is low, it takes a long time for the waste liquid to be heated to the evaporation temperature (30 to 40 ℃) when the apparatus is started up, in which no steam is generated. Therefore, the heat exchange medium in the second heat exchanger 31 in the condensation pipe cannot absorb heat and convert the heat into a gas state, so that energy cannot be supplied to the compressor 41, the preheating time of the waste liquid is further prolonged, and the compressor 41 is easy to damage when in a low-load operation state. Therefore, a steam device 6 is provided to provide hot steam to the condensation tank 3, so that the heat exchange medium in the second heat exchanger 31 can absorb heat and convert the heat into a gaseous state.
In the present embodiment, the steam device 6 is communicated with the steam pipeline 10, and comprises a steam tank 61 and a heat source 62, wherein the steam tank 61 is used for storing water, and the heat source 62 is used for heating the water in the steam tank 61 to generate steam. Wherein, be equipped with second steam outlet 63, inlet and liquid outlet 64 on the steam drum 61 (can share an access & exit, also can separately set up), and preferred, second steam outlet 63 sets up the top at steam drum 61, and second steam outlet 63 department is equipped with and is used for opening or closed valve to it, and after waste liquid preheats the completion, the accessible valve closes second steam outlet 63, closes heat source 62 simultaneously to the use of energy saving. The steam device 6 is also provided with a liquid level sensor 65, and when the water in the steam tank 61 reaches a required amount, the liquid level sensor 65 stops feeding the liquid.
In this embodiment, the heat source 62 in the steam device 6 is preferably an electric heater, but may be other conventional heating devices in other embodiments. Moreover, because the whole equipment is in a negative pressure state, in order to avoid the influence of generated steam on the internal pressure of the equipment, when the equipment is started, the pressure reducing device 5 simultaneously vacuumizes the condensation tank 3, the evaporation tank 1 and the steam tank 61, so that when the steam device 6 works, the pressure in the steam tank 61 is the same as the pressure in the evaporation tank 1.
In this embodiment, the apparatus of the present application further comprises a distilled water tank 7, and the distilled water tank 7 is connected to the condensation tank 3 for storing the cooled distilled water. The pressure reducing device 5 is arranged on the distilled water tank 7 and specifically comprises a centrifugal water pump 51 and a water jet 52 connected with the centrifugal water pump 51. When the equipment starts, water is stored in the distilled water tank 7, and by utilizing the water in the distilled water tank 7, the pressure reducing device 5 can realize continuous vacuum pumping effect and has lower energy consumption.
The low temperature vacuum evaporator of this embodiment provides heat steam for the condensing tank through setting up steam device, makes the heat transfer medium in the condensing tank be heated the evaporation and become the gaseous state, and then provides the energy for heat pump system's compressor, has avoided the compressor low-load operation promptly, can make the waste liquid in the evaporating tank obtain rapid heating again, makes equipment can normal operating under low ambient temperature's condition.
In summary, the following steps: the low temperature vacuum evaporator who uses under the low ambient temperature of this application enables the waste liquid and intensifies rapidly in the evaporating pot and forms steam through direct action waste liquid and/or heat transfer medium to carry out the heat transfer with the heat transfer medium in the condensation jar, and then for compressor replenishment heat transfer medium, avoided the compressor low-load operation.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (20)
1. A low temperature vacuum evaporator for use at low ambient temperatures, comprising:
the evaporation tank is used for evaporating the waste liquid and is provided with a first steam outlet, a concentrated liquid outlet and a waste liquid inlet;
a first heat exchanger disposed inside or outside the evaporation tank;
the condensation tank is connected with the first steam outlet through a steam pipeline, and a second heat exchanger is arranged in the condensation tank and used for cooling the steam generated in the evaporation tank;
the heat pump system comprises a compressor and a throttling device which are respectively connected with the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger so as to provide heat exchange media for the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger;
the pressure reducing device is used for vacuumizing the evaporation tank and the condensing tank;
and the number of the first and second groups,
the preheating assembly is used for heating the waste liquid and/or heating the heat exchange medium.
2. A low ambient temperature use cryogenic vacuum evaporator according to claim 1 wherein the pre-heating assembly comprises a heating assembly disposed inside or outside the evaporator tank for heating the waste liquid.
3. A low ambient temperature use cryogenic vacuum evaporator according to claim 2 wherein the heating assembly is disposed inside the evaporator tank for heating the waste liquid in the evaporator tank; the heating assembly comprises a controllable electric heating device and a sensor for detecting the temperature of the waste liquid in the evaporation tank.
4. A low ambient temperature use cryogenic vacuum evaporator according to claim 3 wherein the electrical heating assembly is turned off when the sensor detects that the temperature of the waste liquid in the evaporator tank is at an evaporation temperature.
5. A low ambient temperature use cryogenic vacuum evaporator according to claim 2 wherein the heating assembly is disposed outside the evaporator tank, the heating assembly comprising a heating plate that can be opened and closed and that fits over the outside of the evaporator tank and a sensor for detecting the temperature of the waste liquid in the evaporator tank; when the low-temperature vacuum evaporator is started, the heating plate maintains the temperature in the evaporation tank to be greater than or equal to the evaporation temperature of the heat exchange medium; when the sensor detects that the temperature of the waste liquid in the evaporation tank is at an evaporation temperature, the heating plate is closed.
6. A low ambient temperature use cryogenic vacuum evaporator according to claim 2 wherein the heating assembly is located outside the evaporator tank, the heating assembly heating the waste liquid entering the evaporator tank.
7. A low ambient temperature use cryogenic vacuum evaporator according to claim 1 wherein the pre-heating assembly comprises a heating assembly disposed on the condensing tank to heat a heat exchange medium in the second heat exchanger.
8. A low ambient temperature use cryogenic vacuum evaporator according to claim 7 wherein the heating assembly is disposed outside the condensate tank; the heating component comprises a heating plate which can be opened and closed and is sleeved outside the condensing tank.
9. A low ambient temperature use cryogenic vacuum evaporator according to claim 1 wherein the pre-heating assembly comprises a heating assembly connecting the throttling means and a second heat exchanger, the heating assembly heating a heat exchange medium entering the second heat exchanger from the throttling means.
10. A low ambient temperature use cryogenic vacuum evaporator according to claim 9 wherein the throttling means is connected to the second heat exchanger by a first conduit and the heating assembly is disposed on the first conduit.
11. A low ambient temperature use cryogenic vacuum evaporator according to claim 9 wherein the throttling means is connected to the second heat exchanger by a first conduit and the heating assembly is connected to the throttling means and the second heat exchanger by a second conduit.
12. A low ambient temperature use cryogenic vacuum evaporator according to claim 10 or 11 wherein the heating assembly comprises a jacket surrounding the first pipe, a heating medium circulating between the jacket and the first pipe, and a heat source providing the heating medium.
13. A low ambient temperature use cryogenic vacuum evaporator according to claim 10 or 11 wherein the heating assembly comprises a third heat exchanger, a heating medium circulating within the third heat exchanger, and a heat source providing the heating medium.
14. A low ambient temperature use cryogenic vacuum evaporator according to claim 13 wherein the heating assembly is a plate heat exchanger.
15. A low ambient temperature use cryogenic vacuum evaporator according to claim 13 wherein the heating element is an air condenser.
16. A low ambient temperature use cryogenic vacuum evaporator according to claim 1 wherein the pre-heating assembly comprises a steam device connected to the steam line to provide steam to the condensate tank to heat the heat transfer medium in the condensate tank.
17. A low ambient temperature cryogenic vacuum evaporator according to claim 16 wherein the pressure reducing means is capable of simultaneously evacuating the vapor means.
18. A low ambient temperature use cryogenic vacuum evaporator according to claim 16 wherein the steam means comprises a steam tank and a heat source that heats water in the steam tank to produce steam; when the steam device works, the pressure in the steam tank is the same as the pressure in the evaporation tank.
19. A low ambient temperature use cryogenic vacuum evaporator according to claim 18 wherein the heat source is an electric heater.
20. A low-ambient-temperature-use low-temperature vacuum evaporator according to claim 18, wherein the steam tank is provided with a second steam outlet, a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet, and the second steam outlet is provided with a valve for opening and closing the second steam outlet.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116002793A (en) * | 2023-01-04 | 2023-04-25 | 上海第二工业大学 | Vacuum evaporation crystallization system |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116002793A (en) * | 2023-01-04 | 2023-04-25 | 上海第二工业大学 | Vacuum evaporation crystallization system |
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