CN112564811A - Microwave photon I/Q down-conversion device with large dynamic range and adjusting method - Google Patents

Microwave photon I/Q down-conversion device with large dynamic range and adjusting method Download PDF

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CN112564811A
CN112564811A CN202011465806.XA CN202011465806A CN112564811A CN 112564811 A CN112564811 A CN 112564811A CN 202011465806 A CN202011465806 A CN 202011465806A CN 112564811 A CN112564811 A CN 112564811A
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史芳静
高永胜
陈一波
谭庆贵
贺丰收
杨婉怡
樊养余
吕国云
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Northwestern Polytechnical University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/70Photonic quantum communication
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04JMULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/02Wavelength-division multiplex systems
    • H04J14/0201Add-and-drop multiplexing
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Abstract

The invention provides a microwave photon I/Q down-conversion device with a large dynamic range and an adjusting method thereof, and particularly relates to a device for realizing the microwave photon I/Q down-conversion with the large dynamic range by utilizing a polarization multiplexing double-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator, a double-channel wavelength division multiplexer, an electric power divider, an electric attenuator and a photoelectric detector and an adjusting method thereof. The invention realizes the microwave photon down-conversion by utilizing an integrated PDM-DPMZM, realizes the nonlinear distortion suppression of down-conversion signals by reasonably setting the attenuation of an electric attenuator, realizes the phase orthogonality of the down-conversion signals by reasonably setting the direct current bias point of a modulator, and finally obtains the microwave photon I/Q down-conversion system with large dynamic range. The invention has simple structure and strong operability; the invention has strong practicability and can be applied to various electronic systems needing radio frequency signal I/Q down conversion.

Description

Microwave photon I/Q down-conversion device with large dynamic range and adjusting method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical communication and microwave, in particular to a microwave photon quadrature (I/Q) down-conversion device and an adjusting method.
Background
As one of important components of the radio frequency front end of a modern electronic system, the microwave I/Q mixer is widely applied to a superheterodyne receiver, a zero intermediate frequency receiver and a radar electronic warfare microwave measurement system, and functions of image rejection, vector signal analysis, signal measurement and the like are realized. However, the problems of low working frequency, narrow operating bandwidth, poor port isolation, serious local oscillator leakage, small dynamic range and the like often exist, and the increasingly long performance use requirements are difficult to meet. Microwave photonic technology has attracted attention in the last decade because of its inherent advantages of large bandwidth, low loss, and electromagnetic interference resistance.
Many microwave photonic I/Q down-conversion schemes have been reported in the industry, such as performing two-channel down-conversion while using dispersion phase shift to achieve orthogonal phase difference between two down-conversion channels, using differential rf and local oscillator to drive an intensity modulator and control a bias point to achieve orthogonal phase difference, and using polarization control to achieve orthogonal phase difference between two frequency conversion channels. The scheme can realize I/Q down conversion by utilizing a photonics method, but can not realize nonlinear distortion suppression, so that the dynamic range of the conventional microwave photon I/Q down conversion is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a microwave photon I/Q down-conversion device with a large dynamic range and an adjusting method. The invention provides a device and a method for realizing large-dynamic-range microwave photon I/Q down-conversion by using a Polarization Division Multiplexing (PDM) double-Parallel Mach-Zehnder Modulator (DPMZM), a double-channel Wavelength Division Multiplexer (WDM), an electric power divider, an electric attenuator and a Photoelectric Detector (PD).
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a microwave photon I/Q down-conversion device with a large dynamic range comprises a laser, a PDM-DPMZM, two electric power splitters, two electric attenuators, a WDM and two PDs, wherein an output port of the laser is connected with an optical input port of the PDM-DPMZM, an output port of the PDM-DPMZM is connected with an input port of the WDM, output ports of the WDM are respectively connected with optical input ports of the two PDs, and the PDs respectively output down-conversion signals.
The PDM-DPMZM comprises a Y-type optical splitter, two parallel DPMZMs, a 90-degree Polarization Rotator (PR) and a Polarization Beam Combiner (PBC), wherein the DPMZMs are respectively an X-DPMZM and a Y-DPMZM, the X-DPMZM internally comprises two sub-modulators Xa and Xb which are connected in parallel, the Y-DPMZM internally comprises two sub-modulators Ya and Yb which are connected in parallel, an optical signal output by the Y-DPMZM modulator is subjected to 90-degree Polarization rotation through the PR, then the optical signal and an optical signal output by the X-DPMZM modulator are jointly input into the PBC, and the optical signal is output from the PDM-DPMZM modulator after the PBC is combined into a Polarization multiplexing signal.
In the PDM-DPMZM, a radio-frequency signal is divided into two paths with equal power through a first electric power divider, one path is directly connected with a radio-frequency port of a sub-modulator Xa, and the other path is connected with a radio-frequency port of a sub-modulator Ya after passing through a first attenuator; the local oscillation signal is divided into two paths with equal power through a second electric power divider, one path is directly connected with a radio frequency port of the sub-modulator Yb, and the other path is connected with a radio frequency port of the sub-modulator Xb after passing through a second electric attenuator; wherein Xa, Xb, Ya and Yb are all biased at the minimum point; the X-DPMZM and the Y-DPMZM both output optical signals with a radio frequency double sideband and a local oscillation double sideband; after PBC, the optical signals are changed into a path of polarization multiplexing optical signals.
The invention also provides a method for adjusting the microwave photon I/Q down-conversion device with a large dynamic range, which comprises the following specific steps:
mRFat sub-modulator X for radio frequency signalsModulation index of a, mLOThe modulation index of the local oscillator signal output by the sub-modulator Yb; the modulation index of the radio frequency signal at the sub-modulator Ya is expressed as
Figure BDA0002832741950000021
The modulation index of the local oscillator signal at the sub-modulator Xb is expressed as
Figure BDA0002832741950000022
Wherein alpha is1And alpha2Respectively representing the power attenuation coefficients of the two electrical attenuators;
the expression of the PDM-DPMZM output optical signal is as follows:
Figure BDA0002832741950000023
wherein E isc(t) is a laser output signal; μ is modulator loss; omegaRFAnd ωLOThe angular frequencies of the radio frequency and the local oscillator signal respectively;
Figure BDA0002832741950000024
and
Figure BDA0002832741950000025
is the main bias angle of the X-DPMZM and the Y-DPMZM;
Figure BDA0002832741950000026
and
Figure BDA0002832741950000027
unit vectors representing the TE mode and TM mode of the light field respectively; j. the design is a squaren(. -) represents a first class of nth order Bessel functions, ignoring high order sidebands under small signal modulation;
after the output signal of the PDM-DPMZM passes through the WDM, positive and negative first-order sidebands of the polarization multiplexing signal are separated and output by two channels:
Figure BDA0002832741950000031
Figure BDA0002832741950000032
is provided with
Figure BDA0002832741950000033
And respectively inputting two paths of signals output by the WDM into the first PD and the second PD for photoelectric detection, and expanding a Bessel formula into a polynomial, wherein the photoelectric current expressions of down-conversion components output by the two PDs are as follows:
Figure BDA0002832741950000034
Figure BDA0002832741950000035
wherein P ═ Ec(t)|2The power of the light signal output by the laser is shown, and eta is the responsivity of the photoelectric detector; when alpha is found in the formulae (4) and (5)1And alpha2When the following conditions are met, the third-order intermodulation distortion component of the final output signal is zero and the fundamental frequency component is not zero:
Figure BDA0002832741950000036
meanwhile, as can be seen from the formulas (4) and (5), when adjusted
Figure BDA0002832741950000037
Meanwhile, the amplitude of the down-converted signals output by the first PD and the second PD is the same, and the phases are in quadrature (different by 90 degrees), namely, the I/Q output is realized while the signal down-conversion and the nonlinear distortion suppression are realized.
The invention has the advantages that the integrated PDM-DPMZM is utilized to realize the down-conversion of microwave photons, the attenuation of the electrical attenuator is reasonably set to realize the nonlinear distortion suppression of down-conversion signals, the direct current bias point of the modulator is reasonably set to realize the phase orthogonality of the down-conversion signals, and finally the microwave photon I/Q down-conversion system with large dynamic range is obtained. The invention has simple structure and strong operability; the invention has strong practicability and can be applied to various electronic systems needing radio frequency signal I/Q down conversion.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a large dynamic range microwave photonic I/Q down conversion apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a spectrum of a down-converted two-tone signal prior to nonlinear distortion suppression;
FIG. 3 is a spectrum of a down-converted two-tone signal after nonlinear distortion suppression;
FIG. 4 is a down-conversion dynamic range before nonlinear distortion suppression;
FIG. 5 is a down-conversion dynamic range after nonlinear distortion suppression;
fig. 6 is a time domain waveform diagram of the I/Q two-path down-converted signals output after nonlinear distortion suppression.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments:
in this example, the apparatus comprises: the device comprises a laser, a radio frequency signal source, a local oscillator signal source, a direct current source, a PDM-DPMZM, an electric attenuator 1, an electric attenuator 2, an electric power divider 1, an electric power divider 2, a dual-channel WDM, a PD1 and a PD 2. The output end of the laser is connected with the optical input port of the PDM-DPMZM, and the output end of the PDM-DPMZM is connected with the input end of the dual-channel WDM. One output port of the WDM is connected with the PD1, and the output port of the PD1 is connected with the spectrometer; one output port of the WDM is connected to the PD2 and the output port of the PD2 is connected to the spectrometer.
In this example, the method is implemented by the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the laser generates an optical carrier with the working wavelength of 1550nm and the optical power of 16 dBm; the radio frequency signal source generates radio frequency double tone signals with the frequency of 10.5GHz and 10.55GHz and the power of 5 dBm; the local oscillation signal source generates a local oscillation signal with the frequency of 10GHz and the power of 16 dBm; the half-wave voltage of the PDM-DPMZM is 3.5V, and the extinction ratio is 35 dB; the center frequencies of two pass bands of the WDM are 193.11THz and 192.99THz respectively, and the bandwidth is 4 GHz; the responsivities of PD1 and PD2 were both 0.7A/W.
Step two: only one single DPMZM is used for modulating radio frequency and local oscillation signals, three bias points of the DPMZM are all set to be minimum points, no electric power divider or electric attenuator is added, the output signals of the DPMZM are directly connected with one PD, and the output spectrum situation of the PD is observed. FIG. 2 shows a spectrum of an output binaural signal before suppression of nonlinear Distortion in simulation, where a power difference between a fundamental frequency and a Third-Order Intermodulation Distortion (IMD 3) signal is 33.15 dB;
step three: and respectively modulating radio frequency and local oscillation signals by using the integrated PDM-DPMZM, setting four sub-modulators (Xa, Xb, Ya and Yb) to be minimum points, and setting the direct current bias angles of the main modulators of the X-DPMZM and the Y-DPMZM to be-135 degrees and 45 degrees respectively. The attenuation amounts of the two electrical attenuators are set to be 4.77dB and 14.31dB respectively, the power of the radio-frequency signal is changed to be 18dBm, the rest parameters are kept unchanged, and the output frequency spectrum conditions of PD1 and PD2 (taking the output of PD1 as an example) are observed. FIG. 3 is a spectrum of an output two-tone signal after nonlinear distortion suppression in simulation, as shown in FIG. 3, in the case of the same fundamental frequency components of the signal, the IMD3 signal is suppressed by about 35dB, and at this time, mainly fifth-order intermodulation distortion is dominant;
step four: and according to the step two, keeping all parameters and the experimental device unchanged, changing the power of the input radio frequency double-tone signal, and measuring the frequency conversion fundamental frequency signal, IMD3 and noise power output by the PD 1. The Spurious-Free Dynamic Range (SFDR) of the down-conversion system before nonlinear distortion suppression is measured to be 108.4dB Hz(2/3)As shown in fig. 4;
step five: and according to the third step, keeping all parameters and the experimental device unchanged, changing the power of the input radio frequency double-tone signal, and measuring the frequency conversion fundamental frequency signal output by the PD1, the IMD3 and the noise power. Measuring resulting nonlinear distortionThe SFDR of the restraining pre-down conversion system is 126.4dB Hz(4/5)As shown in fig. 5, the dynamic range of the system is greatly improved compared with that of fig. 4;
step six: according to the third step, the radio frequency signal is set to be a single-tone signal with the frequency of 10.5GHz, the other parameters and the experimental device are kept unchanged, and the time domain waveforms of the PD1 and PD2 output signals are measured, as shown in FIG. 6, it can be seen that two paths of down-conversion signals with the output frequency of 0.5GHz have equal amplitudes and 90-degree phase difference, and I/Q down-conversion output is realized.
In summary, the PDM-DPMZM is utilized to perform parallel modulation on the radio frequency signal and the local oscillator signal, and the I/Q down conversion function with a large dynamic range is realized by setting a proper dc bias point and an appropriate electrical attenuation amount. The scheme can obtain the I/Q down-conversion signal with high linearity, has simple structure, easy realization and flexible operation, and has potential application value in an electronic system.
In summary, the above-mentioned embodiments are only examples of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is obvious that several equivalent modifications and substitutions can be made on the disclosure of the present invention, and the radio frequency signal frequency, the local oscillator signal frequency, the optical carrier wavelength, the optical carrier power, the radio frequency signal power, the local oscillator signal power, the center frequency of the WDM, the WDM channel bandwidth, the electrical attenuation, the dc offset angle of the modulator, etc. can be changed. Such equivalent modifications and substitutions, as well as adjustments to the frequency range, should also be considered to be within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A microwave photon I/Q down-conversion device with large dynamic range comprises a laser, a PDM-DPMZM, two electric power splitters, two electric attenuators, a WDM and two PDs, and is characterized in that:
according to the microwave photon I/Q down-conversion device with the large dynamic range, the output port of a laser is connected with the optical input port of a PDM-DPMZM, the output port of the PDM-DPMZM is connected with the input port of a WDM, the output ports of the WDM are respectively connected with the optical input ports of two PDs, and the PDs respectively output down-conversion signals.
2. The large dynamic range microwave photonic I/Q downconversion device of claim 1, wherein:
the PDM-DPMZM comprises a Y-type optical splitter, two parallel DPMZMs, a 90-degree polarization rotator and a polarization beam combiner, wherein the DPMZMs are respectively an X-DPMZM and a Y-DPMZM, the X-DPMZM internally comprises two sub-modulators Xa and Xb which are connected in parallel, the Y-DPMZM internally comprises two sub-modulators Ya and Yb which are connected in parallel, an optical signal output by the Y-DPMZM modulator generates 90-degree polarization rotation through PR, then the optical signal and an optical signal output by the X-DPMZM modulator are jointly input into PBC, and the optical signal is output from the PDM-DPMZM modulator after the PBC is combined into a polarization multiplexing signal.
3. The large dynamic range microwave photonic I/Q downconversion device of claim 1, wherein:
in the PDM-DPMZM, a radio-frequency signal is divided into two paths with equal power through a first electric power divider, one path is directly connected with a radio-frequency port of a sub-modulator Xa, and the other path is connected with a radio-frequency port of a sub-modulator Ya after passing through a first attenuator; the local oscillation signal is divided into two paths with equal power through a second electric power divider, one path is directly connected with a radio frequency port of the sub-modulator Yb, and the other path is connected with a radio frequency port of the sub-modulator Xb after passing through a second electric attenuator; wherein Xa, Xb, Ya and Yb are all biased at the minimum point; the X-DPMZM and the Y-DPMZM both output optical signals with a radio frequency double sideband and a local oscillation double sideband; after PBC, the optical signals are changed into a path of polarization multiplexing optical signals.
4. A tuning method using the large dynamic range microwave photonic I/Q down-conversion apparatus of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
mRFfor the modulation index, m, of the radio-frequency signal at the sub-modulator XaLOThe modulation index of the local oscillator signal output by the sub-modulator Yb; the modulation index of the radio frequency signal at the sub-modulator Ya is expressed as
Figure FDA0002832741940000011
The modulation index of the local oscillator signal at the sub-modulator Xb is expressed as
Figure FDA0002832741940000012
Wherein alpha is1And alpha2Respectively representing the power attenuation coefficients of the two electrical attenuators;
the expression of the PDM-DPMZM output optical signal is as follows:
Figure FDA0002832741940000021
wherein E isc(t) is a laser output signal; μ is modulator loss; omegaRFAnd ωLOThe angular frequencies of the radio frequency and the local oscillator signal respectively;
Figure FDA0002832741940000022
and
Figure FDA0002832741940000023
is the main bias angle of the X-DPMZM and the Y-DPMZM;
Figure FDA0002832741940000024
and
Figure FDA0002832741940000025
unit vectors representing the TE mode and TM mode of the light field respectively; j. the design is a squaren(. -) represents a first class of nth order Bessel functions, ignoring high order sidebands under small signal modulation;
after the output signal of the PDM-DPMZM passes through the WDM, positive and negative first-order sidebands of the polarization multiplexing signal are separated and output by two channels:
Figure FDA0002832741940000026
Figure FDA0002832741940000027
is provided with
Figure FDA0002832741940000028
And respectively inputting two paths of signals output by the WDM into the first PD and the second PD for photoelectric detection, and expanding a Bessel formula into a polynomial, wherein the photoelectric current expressions of down-conversion components output by the two PDs are as follows:
Figure FDA0002832741940000029
Figure FDA00028327419400000210
wherein P ═ Ec(t)|2The power of the light signal output by the laser is shown, and eta is the responsivity of the photoelectric detector; when alpha is found in the formulae (4) and (5)1And alpha2When the following conditions are met, the third-order intermodulation distortion component of the final output signal is zero and the fundamental frequency component is not zero:
Figure FDA0002832741940000031
meanwhile, as can be seen from the formulas (4) and (5), when adjusted
Figure FDA0002832741940000032
Meanwhile, the amplitude of the down-converted signals output by the first PD and the second PD is the same, and the phases are in quadrature (different by 90 degrees), namely, the I/Q output is realized while the signal down-conversion and the nonlinear distortion suppression are realized.
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