CN108667517B - Microwave photon frequency mixing method and system based on local oscillator frequency multiplication - Google Patents
Microwave photon frequency mixing method and system based on local oscillator frequency multiplication Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A microwave photon frequency mixing method and system based on local oscillator frequency multiplication belongs to the field of optical communication and microwave photonics. The invention utilizes a dual-polarization dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator, and combines a laser, a front polarization controller, a microwave 90-degree coupler, a rear polarization controller, an optical fiber polarizer, an adjustable optical band-pass filter, an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier, a photoelectric detector and other devices to form a local oscillation frequency-doubled microwave photon frequency mixing system. The system adopts 2-order local oscillator sideband and 1-order radio frequency sideband for beat frequency, can realize frequency mixing processing based on local oscillator frequency multiplication, on one hand, reduces the frequency requirement of the frequency mixing system on local oscillator signals, and on the other hand, can effectively reduce stray signals due to the adoption of a single sideband modulation mode. In addition, the frequency mixing method can realize the switching of up-down frequency conversion by changing a direct current bias voltage, and can be used for time-sharing transmission and reception of radio frequency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention provides a microwave photon frequency mixing method and system based on local oscillator frequency multiplication, and belongs to the field of optical communication and microwave photonics.
Background
The traditional microwave communication can be transmitted in any direction, is easy to construct and reconstruct, but is limited by the transmission performance of a coaxial cable, so that the microwave communication has the defects of small bandwidth, high loss, serious electromagnetic interference, large volume and the like. The optical fiber communication has the advantages of low loss, electromagnetic interference resistance, ultra-large bandwidth and the like, and the problems are well solved. Microwave photonics, as an emerging interdiscipline, combines fiber technology with microwave communication to form a new type of communication link. The microwave photonic link adds electric/optical and optical/electric conversion, modulates an input microwave signal into an optical domain, and performs signal processing. The advantages of microwave seamless coverage, large bandwidth of optical fiber and long-distance transmission are combined, and the link has the advantages of large transmission bandwidth, strong anti-interference capability, low transmission loss and the like. In addition, because the optical frequency is far higher than the radio frequency, the microwave photonic link has good signal isolation, signal leakage is avoided, and the microwave photonic link has remarkable advantages in the aspects of processing broadband microwave signals, remote transmission of signals and the like.
With the increasing demand for frequency bands in applications such as wireless communication, satellite communication, and radar detection, microwave communication is gradually moving to high frequency bands. In order to fully utilize the spectrum resources of the high frequency band, it is necessary to up-convert the radio frequency signal into a high frequency radio frequency signal at the transmitting end for transmission, and down-convert the high frequency radio frequency signal at the receiving end for reception. The traditional microwave photon frequency mixing method is to directly mix the 1 st order radio frequency sideband and the 1 st order local oscillator sideband in an optical domain. However, with the use of higher frequency bands, a higher frequency rf signal needs to be transmitted at the transmitting end, that is, the rf signal needs to be up-converted by a higher frequency local oscillator signal. Meanwhile, a receiving end needs to detect a radio frequency signal with a higher frequency, so that a local oscillator signal with a higher frequency is often needed to perform down-conversion on the radio frequency signal with a higher frequency to realize subsequent processing.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a microwave photonic frequency mixing method and system based on local oscillator frequency multiplication.
A microwave photon frequency mixing system based on local oscillation frequency multiplication is composed of a laser, a front polarization controller, a dual-polarization dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator, a microwave 90-degree coupler, a rear polarization controller, an optical fiber polarizer, an adjustable optical band-pass filter, an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier and a photoelectric detector, wherein the dual-polarization dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator comprises a first dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator and a second dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator, the two dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator are respectively provided with three direct current bias voltage DC1, DC2, a DC3, a DC4, a DC5 and a DC6, output signals of the first dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator and output signals of the first dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator after passing through a 90-degree polarization rotator are respectively connected to a polarization optical combiner, the polarization optical signals of the first dual-Zehnder modulator are coupled and used as output signals of the dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator after being modulated, the two orthogonal polarization state signals are respectively input into a polarization-Zehnder modulator, the dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator, the dual-parallel optical fiber polarizer modulates the two polarization signals, the two polarization optical fiber polarizer is used for adjusting the two polarization signals, the two polarization signals are respectively input to the two polarization optical fiber polarization optical signals, the two polarization optical fiber polarizer is used for adjusting the two polarization optical signals, the two polarization signals are respectively input to the two polarization optical signals of the two polarization optical fiber polarization modulator after the two polarization optical fiber modulator, the two polarization optical fiber polarizer is used for adjusting the two polarization optical signals are input of the two polarization optical signals are respectively, the two polarization optical fiber modulator, the two polarization optical signals are respectively, the two polarization optical fiber modulator, the two polarization optical fiber polarization optical signals are input of the two polarization optical signals are input into the two polarization optical fiber polarization.
The method for obtaining microwave photon mixing by using the microwave photon mixing system based on local oscillator frequency multiplication comprises the following steps:
1) in an up-conversion mode, the half-wave voltage of the dual-polarization dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator is 3.5V, and the 3dB bandwidth is 23 GHz; adjusting the direct current bias voltage DC1 in the first double-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator to be 16.1V, DC2 and 13.5V, DC3 to be 21.5V so as to realize the carrier suppression single-sideband modulation of +1 order radio frequency sideband; adjusting the direct current bias voltage DC4 in the second double-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator to be 12.2V, DC5 and 12.8V, DC6 to be 1.8V so as to realize carrier suppression double-sideband modulation of 2-order local oscillation signal sidebands; the adjustable optical band-pass filter only reserves a-2 order local oscillator sideband and a +1 order radio frequency sideband; the erbium-doped fiber amplifier is set to be in an APC mode, so that the output optical power is constantly 1.6 dBm; the photoelectric detector is a photoelectric detector with the bandwidth of 50GHz and the responsivity of 0.65A/W;
2) in a down-conversion mode, the half-wave voltage of the dual-polarization dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator is 3.5V, and the 3dB bandwidth is 23 GHz; adjusting the direct current bias voltage DC1 in the first double-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator to be 16.1V, DC2 and 13.5V, DC3 to be 14.8V so as to realize the carrier suppression single-sideband modulation of-1 order radio frequency sideband; adjusting the direct current bias voltage DC4 in the second double-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator to be 12.2V, DC5 and 12.8V, DC6 to be 1.8V so as to realize carrier suppression double-sideband modulation of 2-order local oscillation signal sidebands; the adjustable optical band-pass filter only reserves-2 order local oscillator sidebands and-1 order radio frequency sidebands; the erbium-doped fiber amplifier is set to be in an APC mode, so that the output optical power is constantly 1.6 dBm; the photoelectric detector is a photoelectric detector with the bandwidth of 50GHz and the responsivity of 0.65A/W.
The invention optimally designs a link structure, adopts 2-order local oscillator sideband and 1-order radio frequency sideband beat frequency, can realize frequency mixing processing based on local oscillator frequency multiplication, reduces the frequency requirement of a frequency mixing system on local oscillator signals on one hand, and can effectively reduce stray signals on the other hand due to the adoption of a single sideband modulation mode. In addition, the frequency mixing method can realize the switching of up-down frequency conversion by changing a direct current bias voltage, and can be used for a time-sharing radio frequency transmitting and receiving system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a link structure of a microwave photonic frequency mixing system based on local oscillator frequency multiplication implemented by using a dual-polarization dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator, a microwave 90-degree coupler and an adjustable optical band-pass filter.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the frequency spectrums at s1, s2, s3 and s4 in fig. 1, where (a) is an up-conversion mode and (b) is a down-conversion mode.
In the figure, 1, a laser, 2, a polarization controller, 3, a microwave 90-degree coupler, 4, a double-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator, 4-1, a first double-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator, 4-2, a second double-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator, 4-3, a 90-degree polarization rotator, 4-4, a polarization beam combiner, 5, a post-polarization controller, 6, an optical fiber polarizer, 7, a tunable optical band-pass filter, 8, an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier, 9 and a photoelectric detector are arranged.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to examples and figures and mathematical derivations.
The system structure of the microwave photon frequency mixing method based on local oscillator frequency multiplication according to the embodiment is shown in fig. 1.
The laser adopts a distributed feedback laser 1(RIO, ORION), outputs a continuous optical carrier with the center frequency of 1550.09nm, the power of the continuous optical carrier is 17.6dBm, and the line width of the continuous optical carrier is 500 kHz. The optical carrier passes through the pre-polarization controller 2 and then enters the dual-polarization dual-parallel mach-zehnder modulator 4(Fujitsu, FTM7977HQA), and the pre-polarization controller 2 is used for adjusting the polarization direction of the optical carrier to align the optical carrier with the slow axis of the dual-polarization dual-parallel mach-zehnder modulator 4 to realize maximum power output. The dual-polarization dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator is composed of a first dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator 4-1, a second dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator 4-2, a 90-degree polarization rotator 4-3 and a polarization beam combiner 4-4, wherein the two dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulators respectively correspond to three direct-current bias voltages (DC1, DC2, DC3, DC4, DC5 and DC 6). Firstly, radio frequency signals are input into a microwave 90-degree coupler 3 to obtain two paths of radio frequency signals with equal intensity and 90-degree phase difference, then the two paths of radio frequency signals are modulated onto an optical carrier through a first double-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator 4-1, and corresponding direct current bias voltages DC 1-16.1V, DC 2-13.5V and DC 3-21.5V are adjusted to realize carrier suppression single-sideband modulation of + 1-order radio frequency signals, wherein the optical spectrum of the single-sideband modulation is shown as (s1) in figure 2 (a). The local oscillator signal is modulated onto the optical carrier by one sub-mach-zehnder modulator in the second double-parallel mach-zehnder modulator 4-2, and the corresponding direct current bias voltages DC4 to 12.2V, DC5 to 12.8V and DC6 to 1.8V are adjusted, so that carrier suppression double-sideband modulation of the local oscillator signal of 2 nd order is realized, and the optical spectrum of the local oscillator signal is shown as (s2) in fig. 2 (a). The 90-degree polarization rotator 4-3 and the polarization beam combiner 4-4 are used for coupling out the output optical signals of the two double parallel Mach-Zehnder modulators in polarization states perpendicular to each other. Then, the post-polarization controller 5 and the optical fiber polarizer 6 are used to project the optical signals with mutually perpendicular polarization states to one polarization direction, the adjustable optical band-pass filter 7 is used to filter out the +2 order local oscillation sideband and the rest useless high-order sideband, and the-2 order local oscillation sideband and the +1 order radio frequency sideband are reserved, and the spectrogram thereof is shown as (s3) in fig. 2 (a). The erbium-doped fiber amplifier 8 is used to perform power amplification on the filtered optical signal, and finally the optical-electrical detector 9 is used to perform optical-electrical conversion, so as to obtain an up-converted signal, and the electrical spectrum diagram of the up-converted signal is shown as (s4) in fig. 2 (a). By adjusting the DC3 from 21.5V to 14.8V, the +1 order rf sideband can be switched to the-1 order rf sideband, which is then beat-frequency with the-2 order local oscillator sideband to obtain the corresponding down-converted signal. The spectrum and the electric spectrum at the time of down-conversion are shown in fig. 2 (b). Therefore, by using the system, a mixing signal can be obtained by frequency doubling local oscillation signals and radio frequency signals, and switching between an up-conversion mode and a down-conversion mode can be carried out by changing a direct current bias voltage.
When the central wavelength of an optical carrier is 1550.09nm, the power is 17.6dBm, the frequency of a radio frequency signal is 14GHz, the power is 10dBm, the frequency of a local oscillation signal is 10GHz, and the power is 19dBm, an adjustable optical band-pass filter is used for reserving a +1 order radio frequency sideband and a-2 order local oscillation sideband under an up-conversion mode, and the +2 order local oscillation sideband and other high-order waste optical signals are all suppressed to be lower than bottom noise. And then, performing power amplification on the optical signal by adopting an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (Goight, C-M-C-P-FA) for compensating insertion loss introduced by the dual-polarization dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator and the adjustable optical band-pass filter. And finally, performing beat frequency on the +1 order radio frequency sideband and the-2 order local oscillation sideband by using a photoelectric detector (Finisar, XPDV2120R) with the bandwidth of 50GHz and the responsivity of 0.65A/W to obtain corresponding up-conversion signals. A down-converted signal may be obtained as such.
The principle of the microwave photon frequency mixing method based on local oscillator frequency multiplication of the invention is as follows,
the method comprises the following steps:
the continuous optical carrier output by the laser is
In the formula, P0Power of optical carrier, ω0Is the angular frequency of the optical carrier. Expression V of radio frequency and local oscillator signalsRF(t) and VLO(t) are each independently
VRF(t)＝VRFcosωRFt (2)
VLO(t)＝VLOcosωLOt (3)
In the formula, VRFAnd VLOVoltage amplitude, omega, of the radio frequency and local oscillator signals, respectivelyRFAnd ωLORespectively, the angular frequencies of the radio frequency and the local oscillator signal. After being input into the double-polarization double-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator, the optical carrier is divided into two paths with equal intensity and respectively enters one sub double-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator. The radio frequency signal is input into a microwave 90-degree coupler, two paths of radio frequency signal signals with equal intensity and 90-degree phase difference are output, and two sub Mach-Zehnder modulators of the first double-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator are respectively modulated. The local oscillator signal is input into only one sub-mach-zehnder modulator in the second double-parallel mach-zehnder modulator. The output optical fields of the two double parallel Mach-Zehnder modulators are respectively
In the formula, LDPMZMIs the insertion loss, m, of a dual parallel Mach-Zehnder modulatorRF＝πVRFV pi and mLO＝πVLOthe/V pi is the modulation depth of the radio frequency and the local oscillation signal respectively, and the V pi is the modulatorHalf-wave voltage of (2). Theta1＝πVDC1/Vπ、θ2＝πVDC2/Vπ、θ4＝πVDC4V pi and theta5＝πVDC5V pi is the optical phase shift caused by the DC bias voltage of the four-sub Mach-Zehnder modulator, respectivelyDC1、VDC2、VDC4And VDC5Respectively, the direct current bias voltages loaded by the four sub mach-zehnder modulators. Theta3＝πVDC3V pi and theta6＝πVDC6V pi is the optical phase shift caused by the DC bias voltage of the two main Mach-Zehnder modulators, V piDC3And VDC6Respectively, the direct current bias voltages loaded by the two main Mach-Zehnder modulators.
In order to realize the carrier suppression single-sideband modulation of a + 1-order radio frequency signal, two sub-Mach-Zehnder modulators in a first double-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator work at the minimum transmission point, namely theta1＝θ2With the main mach-zehnder modulator operating at a quadrature bias point, i.e. theta3Pi/2. The output optical field of the first double parallel mach-zehnder modulator is
The above formula is expanded by using the Jacobi-Angel identity, and the output optical field of the first double-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator is
Where only the 1 st order radio sideband is considered, the higher order sidebands are ignored, and Jn(. cndot.) is a first class Bessel function of order n. Meanwhile, in order to utilize the optical second-order sideband of the local oscillation signal, the sub Mach-Zehnder modulator modulated by the local oscillation signal works at the maximum transmission point, the direct-current bias voltage of the other sub Mach-Zehnder modulator is used for adjusting the light intensity of the optical carrier of the path to be equal to the intensity of the optical carrier of the other path modulated by the local oscillation signal, namely theta5＝2arccosJ0(mLO). Adjusting the DC bias voltage of the main Mach-Zehnder modulator to make the phases of the optical signals output by the two sub Mach-Zehnder modulators opposite, i.e. theta62 pi. The output optical field of the second double parallel mach-zehnder modulator is
The above formula is expanded by using the Jacobi-Angel identity, and the output optical field of the second double parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator is
In the formula, only 2-order local oscillation sidebands are considered, and high-order sidebands are ignored. Because the 90 ° polarization rotator (90 ° PR) built in the dual-polarization dual-parallel mach-zehnder modulator is positioned behind the second dual-parallel mach-zehnder modulator, the polarization state of the output optical signal is rotated by 90 °, and the polarization states of the output optical signals of the two mach-zehnder modulators are perpendicular to each other. Then, the optical signals with mutually perpendicular Polarization states are coupled and output by a Polarization Beam Combiner (PBC), so that the output optical field of the dual-Polarization dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator is
Step two:
after the dual-polarization dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator, the included angles between the two paths of optical signals and the optical fiber polarizer can be 45 degrees by cascading the polarization controller and the optical fiber polarizer, so that the two paths of optical signals with mutually perpendicular polarization states are projected to one polarization direction. The output light field of the polarizer is
Step three:
and filtering out the +2 order local oscillation sideband and other high-order sidebands by using an adjustable optical band-pass filter, and reserving the-2 order local oscillation sideband and the +1 order radio frequency sideband. The output light field of the tunable optical bandpass filter is
In the formula, LOBPFInsertion loss introduced by the tunable optical bandpass filter.
Step four:
the erbium-doped fiber amplifier is used for amplifying the power of the optical signal so as to overcome the insertion loss caused by the dual-polarization dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator and the adjustable optical band-pass filter. The output optical field of the erbium-doped fiber amplifier is
Step five:
and inputting the optical signal after power amplification into a photoelectric detector for photoelectric conversion. The resulting electrical signal is
From this we can get the frequency ωRF+2ωLOOf the signal. Next, we analyze the down-conversion case. When theta is3When the power is equal to-pi/2, the first double-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator outputs a-1-order radio frequency sideband, and then power amplification is carried out on the filtered optical signal, so that the amplified optical signal is
Then, the light is input into a photoelectric detector for photoelectric conversion. The corresponding photocurrent is expressed as
From this we can get the frequency ωRF-2ωLOOf the signal.
In summary, we propose a local oscillator frequency multiplication-based microwave photonic mixing link, which can perform frequency up-conversion or down-conversion on a radio frequency signal.
Claims (2)
1. A microwave photon frequency mixing system based on local oscillation frequency multiplication is composed of a laser, a front polarization controller, a dual-polarization dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator, a microwave 90-degree coupler, a rear polarization controller, an optical fiber polarizer, an adjustable optical band-pass filter, an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier and a photoelectric detector, wherein the dual-polarization dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator comprises a first dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator and a second dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator, the two dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator are respectively provided with three direct current bias voltage DC1, DC2, a DC3 input port, a DC4, a DC5 and a DC6, output signals of the first dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator and output signals of the first dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator after passing through a 90-degree polarization rotator and after being doped with the first dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator are respectively connected to a polarization optical combiner, the polarization state signals of the first dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator are coupled and used as output signals of the dual-parallel-Zehnder modulator after being modulated, the dual-parallel-Zehnder modulator, the two dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator, the two dual-Zehnder modulator output signals are respectively input to the dual-polarization-parallel dual-parallel-Zehnder modulator, the local oscillation optical fiber polarization-Zehnder modulator, the local oscillation optical fiber polarization signals are respectively input signal, the local oscillation frequency band-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator, the local oscillation signal is used for adjusting the local oscillation frequency band-Zehnder modulator, the local oscillation frequency band-optical signal is adjusted, the local oscillation frequency band-parallel Mach-parallel optical signal of the local oscillation frequency modulator, the local oscillation frequency band-optical signal is adjusted, the local oscillation frequency modulator is adjusted, the local oscillation frequency band-optical signal is adjusted, the local oscillation frequency modulator is adjusted, the local oscillation frequency band-parallel Mach-modulated, the local oscillation frequency modulator, the local oscillation signal is adjusted, the local oscillation signal, the local oscillation frequency modulator is adjusted, the local oscillation signal, the local oscillation frequency band-optical signal, the local oscillation signal is adjusted, the local oscillation frequency modulator is adjusted.
2. The method for obtaining microwave photonic mixing by using the microwave photonic mixing system based on local oscillator frequency multiplication according to claim 1, characterized in that:
1) in an up-conversion mode, the half-wave voltage of the dual-polarization dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator is 3.5V, and the 3dB bandwidth is 23 GHz; adjusting the direct current bias voltage DC1 in the first double-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator to be 16.1V, DC2 and 13.5V, DC3 to be 21.5V so as to realize the carrier suppression single-sideband modulation of +1 order radio frequency sideband; adjusting the direct current bias voltage DC4 in the second double-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator to be 12.2V, DC5 and 12.8V, DC6 to be 1.8V so as to realize carrier suppression double-sideband modulation of 2-order local oscillation signal sidebands; the adjustable optical band-pass filter only reserves a-2 order local oscillator sideband and a +1 order radio frequency sideband; the erbium-doped fiber amplifier is set to be in an APC mode, so that the output optical power is constantly 1.6 dBm; the photoelectric detector is a photoelectric detector with the bandwidth of 50GHz and the responsivity of 0.65A/W;
2) in a down-conversion mode, the half-wave voltage of the dual-polarization dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator is 3.5V, and the 3dB bandwidth is 23 GHz; adjusting the direct current bias voltage DC1 in the first double-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator to be 16.1V, DC2 and 13.5V, DC3 to be 14.8V so as to realize the carrier suppression single-sideband modulation of-1 order radio frequency sideband; adjusting the direct current bias voltage DC4 in the second double-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator to be 12.2V, DC5 and 12.8V, DC6 to be 1.8V so as to realize carrier suppression double-sideband modulation of 2-order local oscillation signal sidebands; the adjustable optical band-pass filter only reserves-2 order local oscillator sidebands and-1 order radio frequency sidebands; the erbium-doped fiber amplifier is set to be in an APC mode, so that the output optical power is constantly 1.6 dBm; the photoelectric detector is a photoelectric detector with the bandwidth of 50GHz and the responsivity of 0.65A/W.
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