CN112564168B - Optical storage system and maximum power point tracking control method thereof - Google Patents

Optical storage system and maximum power point tracking control method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112564168B
CN112564168B CN202011418683.4A CN202011418683A CN112564168B CN 112564168 B CN112564168 B CN 112564168B CN 202011418683 A CN202011418683 A CN 202011418683A CN 112564168 B CN112564168 B CN 112564168B
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cell panel
photovoltaic cell
battery
current
optical storage
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CN112564168A (en
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卢嘉豪
蓝坤灵
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Foshan Power Supply Bureau of Guangdong Power Grid Corp
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Foshan Power Supply Bureau of Guangdong Power Grid Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/10—Parallel operation of dc sources
    • H02J1/109—Scheduling or re-scheduling the operation of the DC sources in a particular order, e.g. connecting or disconnecting the sources in sequential, alternating or in subsets, to meet a given demand
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • H02J2300/26—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin involving maximum power point tracking control for photovoltaic sources
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an optical storage system and a maximum power point tracking control method thereof, wherein the system comprises the following components: the photovoltaic cell panel, the reconfigurable battery pack, the light storage DC/DC converter, the direct current capacitor, the light storage DC/AC converter, the alternating current power grid and the control circuit; the photovoltaic cell panel and the reconfigurable battery pack are respectively connected with the input end of the light storage DC/DC converter; the output end of the optical storage DC/DC converter is connected with the direct current end of the optical storage DC/AC converter; the alternating-current end of the light storage DC/AC converter is connected with an alternating-current power grid; the control circuit is connected with the control signal input end of the reconfigurable battery pack. According to the photovoltaic cell panel and the reconfigurable battery pack in the optical storage system, the photovoltaic cell panel and the reconfigurable battery pack share one DC/DC converter, so that the economic cost of the optical storage system is reduced. The maximum power point tracking control method of the optical storage system can enable the photovoltaic cell panel to work at the maximum power point through the reconfigurable battery pack, simplifies the control method of the optical storage DC/DC converter, and reduces the control difficulty of the optical storage system.

Description

Optical storage system and maximum power point tracking control method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of photovoltaic power generation, in particular to a light storage system and a maximum power point tracking control method thereof.
Background
The inherent volatility and uncontrollability of the photovoltaic power generation cause voltage fluctuation or out-of-limit and power flow change or even reverse of the power system when the photovoltaic power generation is connected in a large scale, which causes great impact on safe and stable operation of the power system. The addition of the energy storage unit is an effective method for solving the problems of fluctuation and uncontrollability of the photovoltaic power generation at present, and has become a research direction in the field of photovoltaic power generation. The photovoltaic storage system with the energy storage unit can smooth the output power of photovoltaic power generation, improve the electric energy quality of the photovoltaic power generation and enhance the operation stability of the electric power system.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an optical storage system circuit in the prior art. The light storage system consists of a photovoltaic cell panel, a photovoltaic DC/DC converter, an energy storage battery pack, an energy storage DC/DC converter, a direct current capacitor, a light storage DC/AC inverter and an alternating current power grid. The photovoltaic cell panel is connected to the direct current bus through a photovoltaic DC/DC converter, and the photovoltaic DC/DC converter realizes the functions of boosting, stabilizing voltage and tracking the maximum power point; the energy storage battery pack is connected to the direct current bus through an energy storage DC/DC converter, the energy storage DC/DC converter realizes bidirectional flow of energy of the energy storage battery pack, and energy of the energy storage system is reasonably distributed; the light storage DC/AC inverter converts the voltage-stabilized direct current into voltage-stabilized alternating current and provides electric energy to an alternating current power grid. The optical storage system circuit has the following defects:
1. the photovoltaic cell panel and the energy storage battery pack of the light storage system are respectively connected to the direct current bus through a DC/DC converter, and the cost of the light storage system is increased due to the excessive DC/DC converters;
2. besides stabilizing the direct current output by the photovoltaic, the photovoltaic DC/DC converter also realizes the maximum power point tracking function of photovoltaic power generation, has a complex control method and increases the control difficulty of a photovoltaic storage system.
Disclosure of Invention
The primary objective of the present invention is to provide an optical storage system, which overcomes the defect of high cost of the optical storage system described in the prior art.
The system comprises: the photovoltaic cell panel, the reconfigurable battery pack, the light storage DC/DC converter, the direct current capacitor, the light storage DC/AC converter, the alternating current power grid and the control circuit;
the photovoltaic cell panel and the reconfigurable battery pack are respectively connected with the input end of the light storage DC/DC converter;
the output end of the optical storage DC/DC converter is connected with the direct current end of the optical storage DC/AC converter;
the alternating-current end of the light storage DC/AC converter is connected with an alternating-current power grid;
the control circuit is connected with the control signal input end of the reconfigurable battery pack.
Preferably, the system further comprises a direct current capacitor, wherein the direct current capacitor is arranged in parallel between the optical storage DC/DC converter and the optical storage DC/AC converter; and are connected in parallel with the optical storage DC/DC converter and the optical storage DC/AC converter, respectively.
Preferably, the reconfigurable battery pack includes n×m battery cells;
each battery unit comprises a battery and a control switch connected with the battery in series;
n×m battery cells are arranged in m rows and n columns;
the battery units of each row are sequentially connected in series to provide larger voltage;
the battery units of each column are sequentially connected in parallel to form a group of battery packs so as to provide larger current;
wherein n and m are each positive integers.
Preferably, the reconfigurable battery pack further comprises n bypass switches, one bypass switch being connected in parallel to each battery pack to bypass a battery pack of a column when none of the batteries of the column are operating.
Preferably, the control switches of the battery units in each column are identical in operation state.
Preferably, n is 2 or more.
The invention further aims to overcome the defect of high difficulty in tracking and controlling the maximum power point of the optical storage system in the prior art, and provides a method for tracking and controlling the maximum power point of the optical storage system.
The method comprises the following steps:
s1: defining and initializing system parameters;
setting the working states of the control switches of the battery units in which each row is positioned to be the same;
defining system parameters: r is denoted as an r-th battery, the control switch of the previous r-th battery is in an on state at the current moment, and the control switch of the next n-r-th battery is in an off state, namely, S (1) =s (2) = … =s (r) =1, S (r+1) = … =s (n-1) =s (n) =0, wherein 1 is equal to or less than r < n, and r is a positive integer; s (r) is a state signal of a control switch of the battery in the r column, wherein 0 is that the control switch is in an off state, and 1 is that the control switch is in an on state;
initializing system parameters: let r=1, s (r) =1, turn on the control switch of the first column of cells;
s2: collecting the output voltage U (I) of the photovoltaic cell panel at the current moment, the output current I (I) of the photovoltaic cell panel at the current moment, the output voltage U (I-1) of the photovoltaic cell panel at the previous moment and the output current I (I-1) of the photovoltaic cell panel at the previous moment;
s3: calculating the collected output voltage U (I) of the photovoltaic cell panel at the current moment, the output current I (I) of the photovoltaic cell panel at the current moment, the output voltage U (I-1) of the photovoltaic cell panel at the last moment and the output current I (I-1) of the photovoltaic cell panel at the last moment;
obtaining the output power P (i) of the photovoltaic cell panel at the current moment and the output power P (i-1) of the photovoltaic cell panel at the previous moment, and calculating the difference delta P between the output powers of the photovoltaic cell panel at the current moment and the photovoltaic cell panel at the previous moment;
s4: determining whether Δp is equal to 0; if delta P is equal to 0, the control switch of the current battery is kept on, and S2 is returned; if ΔP is not equal to 0, then S5 is performed;
s5: determining whether Δp is greater than 0; if Δp is greater than 0, judging whether r+1>m is satisfied, if yes, ending, if not, making r=r+1, S (r) =1, turning on the control switch of the next battery row, and returning to S2;
if Δp is smaller than 0, it is determined whether r-1<0 is satisfied, if yes, it is terminated, if not, S (r) =0 is set, the control switch of the current battery is turned off, r=r-1, and S2 is returned.
Preferably, the calculation formula of the output power of the photovoltaic cell panel at the current moment is as follows:
P(i)＝U(i)×I(i)。
preferably, the output power P (I-1) =u (I-1) ×i (I-1) of the photovoltaic cell panel at the previous time.
Preferably, the difference Δp=p (i) -P (i-1) between the output power of the photovoltaic panel at the current time and the output power of the photovoltaic panel at the previous time.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the photovoltaic cell panel and the reconfigurable battery pack in the optical storage system share one DC/DC converter, so that the number of the DC/DC converters of the optical storage system is reduced, and the economic cost of the optical storage system is reduced.
The maximum power point tracking control method of the optical storage system can enable the photovoltaic cell panel to work at the maximum power point through the reconfigurable battery pack, simplifies the control method of the optical storage DC/DC converter, and reduces the control difficulty of the optical storage system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a light storage system according to the prior art.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the optical storage system in embodiment 1.
Fig. 3 is a simplified schematic diagram of the optical storage system in embodiment 1.
Fig. 4 is a flowchart of a method for tracking and controlling the maximum power point of the optical storage system according to embodiment 2.
Detailed Description
The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent;
for the purpose of better illustrating the embodiments, certain elements of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced and do not represent the actual product dimensions;
it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical storage system, where the optical storage system includes a photovoltaic panel, a reconfigurable battery pack, an optical storage DC/DC converter, a direct current capacitor, an optical storage DC/AC converter, an AC power grid, and a control circuit.
The photovoltaic cell panel is connected with the reconfigurable battery pack, and the common end of the photovoltaic cell panel is connected with the input end of the light storage DC/DC converter;
the output end of the optical storage DC/DC converter is connected with the direct current end of the optical storage DC/AC converter, and the common end of the optical storage DC/DC converter is connected with the direct current capacitor;
the alternating-current end of the light storage DC/AC converter is connected with an alternating-current power grid;
the control circuit is connected with the control signal input end of the reconfigurable battery pack.
Wherein the reconfigurable battery pack includes n×m batteries;
n cells (e.g., B11, B12, …, B1 n) of each row are connected in series to form a group of cells to provide a greater voltage;
the m cells (e.g., B11, B21, …, bm 1) of each column are connected in parallel to form a group of battery packs to provide greater current;
each battery needs to be connected with a control switch in series to control the working state of the battery;
each battery pack is connected in parallel with a bypass switch to bypass a battery pack of a certain column when none of the batteries of the column are operating.
In this embodiment, a battery and a control switch connected in series with the battery form a battery unit.
Example 2:
the embodiment provides a method for tracking and controlling a maximum power point of an optical storage system. The method described in this embodiment is implemented based on the optical storage system described in embodiment 1.
Because the power-voltage curve of the photovoltaic power generation is a single-peak curve, namely, the maximum power point of the photovoltaic output is one and only one, and the corresponding output voltage is the voltage of the maximum power point, the problem of tracking the maximum power point of the photovoltaic output by adopting the reconfigurable battery pack can be simplified into tracking the voltage of the maximum power point. In order to simplify the control of the reconfigurable battery, in this embodiment, the operating state of each row of control switches is made the same, and fig. 2 may be simplified to fig. 3.
The control method of the light storage DC/DC converter specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of collecting the actual value of the output voltage of the photovoltaic power generation plate, calculating an error value by taking the difference between the actual value and the given value of the output voltage of the photovoltaic power generation plate, inputting the error value to a PI regulator, generating a control signal of a DC/DC converter switching tube by PWM modulation of the output value generated by the PI regulator, and realizing PI closed-loop control of direct-current voltage.
The following describes the present embodiment with reference to fig. 4, where the method in the present embodiment uses a reconfigurable battery pack connected to a photovoltaic panel to control an output voltage of the photovoltaic panel, so as to achieve tracking of a maximum power point of the photovoltaic panel, and includes the following steps:
s1: defining system parameters and initializing the system parameters:
defining system parameters: r is denoted as an r-th battery, the control switch of the previous r-th battery is in an on state at the current moment, and the control switch of the next n-r-th battery is in an off state, namely, S (1) =s (2) = … =s (r) =1, S (r+1) = … =s (n-1) =s (n) =0, wherein 1 is equal to or less than r < n, and r is a positive integer; s (r) is a state signal of a control switch of the battery in the r column, wherein 0 is that the control switch is in an off state, and 1 is that the control switch is in an on state;
initializing system parameters: let r=1, s (r) =1, and turn on the control switch of the first column of cells.
S2: collecting output voltage U (I) and output current I (I) of a photovoltaic cell panel at the current moment, and output voltage U (I-1) and output current I (I-1) of the photovoltaic cell panel at the previous moment;
s3: calculating the output voltage U (I) and the output current I (r) of the photovoltaic cell panel at the current moment, the output voltage U (I-1) and the output current I (I-1) of the photovoltaic cell panel at the last moment, obtaining the output power P (I) of the photovoltaic cell panel at the current moment and the output power P (I-1) of the photovoltaic cell panel at the last moment, and calculating the difference delta P between the output power of the photovoltaic cell panel at the current moment and the output power of the photovoltaic cell panel at the last moment.
The output power P (I) =U (I) ×I (I) of the photovoltaic cell panel at the current moment; the output power P (I-1) =U (I-1) ×I (I-1) of the photovoltaic cell panel at the last moment; the difference Δp=p (i) -P (i-1) between the output power of the photovoltaic panel at the current time and the previous time.
S4: judging whether delta P is equal to 0, if delta P is equal to 0, keeping a control switch of the current battery on, and returning to S2; if ΔP is not equal to 0, S5 is performed.
S5: determining whether Δp is greater than 0; if Δp is greater than 0, judging whether r+1>n is satisfied, if yes, ending, if not, making r=r+1, S (r) =1, turning on the control switch of the next battery row, and returning to S2;
if Δp is smaller than 0, it is determined whether r-1<0 is satisfied, if yes, it is terminated, if not, S (r) =0 is set, the control switch of the current battery is turned off, r=r-1, and S2 is returned.
The terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are merely illustrative, and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent;
it is to be understood that the above examples of the present invention are provided by way of illustration only and not by way of limitation of the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations or modifications of the above teachings will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. which come within the spirit and principles of the invention are desired to be protected by the following claims.

Claims (4)

1. The method for tracking and controlling the maximum power point of the optical storage system is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: defining and initializing system parameters;
the photovoltaic cell panel and the reconfigurable battery pack are respectively connected with the input end of the light storage DC/DC converter; the reconfigurable battery pack comprises battery units, wherein each battery unit comprises a battery and a control switch connected with the battery in series; the working states of the control switches of the battery units in which each row is positioned are the same;
defining system parameters: r is denoted as an r-th battery, the control switch of the previous r-th battery is in an on state at the current moment, and the control switch of the next n-r-th battery is in an off state, namely, S (1) =s (2) = … =s (r) =1, S (r+1) = … =s (n-1) =s (n) =0, wherein 1 is equal to or less than r < n, and r is a positive integer; s (r) is a state signal of a control switch of the battery in the r column, wherein 0 is that the control switch is in an off state, and 1 is that the control switch is in an on state;
initializing system parameters: let r=1, s (r) =1, turn on the control switch of the first column of cells;
s2: collecting the output voltage U (I) of the photovoltaic cell panel at the current moment, the output current I (I) of the photovoltaic cell panel at the current moment, the output voltage U (I-1) of the photovoltaic cell panel at the previous moment and the output current I (I-1) of the photovoltaic cell panel at the previous moment;
s3: calculating the collected output voltage U (I) of the photovoltaic cell panel at the current moment, the output current I (I) of the photovoltaic cell panel at the current moment, the output voltage U (I-1) of the photovoltaic cell panel at the last moment and the output current I (I-1) of the photovoltaic cell panel at the last moment;
obtaining the output power P (i) of the photovoltaic cell panel at the current moment and the output power P (i-1) of the photovoltaic cell panel at the previous moment, and calculating the difference delta P between the output powers of the photovoltaic cell panel at the current moment and the photovoltaic cell panel at the previous moment;
s4: determining whether Δp is equal to 0; if delta P is equal to 0, the control switch of the current battery is kept on, and S2 is returned; if ΔP is not equal to 0, then S5 is performed;
s5: determining whether Δp is greater than 0; if Δp is greater than 0, judging whether r+1>n is satisfied, if yes, ending, if not, making r=r+1, S (r) =1, turning on the control switch of the next battery row, and returning to S2;
if Δp is smaller than 0, it is determined whether r-1<0 is satisfied, if yes, it is terminated, if not, S (r) =0 is set, the control switch of the current battery is turned off, r=r-1, and S2 is returned.
2. The method for tracking and controlling the maximum power point of the optical storage system according to claim 1, wherein the calculation formula of the output power of the photovoltaic cell panel at the current moment is as follows:
P(i)＝U(i)×I(i)。
3. the method for tracking and controlling the maximum power point of the optical storage system according to claim 2, wherein the output power P (I-1) =u (I-1) ×i (I-1) of the photovoltaic panel at the previous time.
4. A method of tracking control of the maximum power point of a light storage system according to claim 3, wherein the difference Δp=p (i) -P (i-1) between the output power of the photovoltaic panel at the present time and the previous time.
CN202011418683.4A 2020-12-07 2020-12-07 Optical storage system and maximum power point tracking control method thereof Active CN112564168B (en)

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