CN112563448A - Method for treating SEI (solid electrolyte interphase) film on interface of low-temperature-resistant lithium ion battery - Google Patents
Method for treating SEI (solid electrolyte interphase) film on interface of low-temperature-resistant lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for treating an SEI film on a low-temperature-resistant lithium ion battery interface, which comprises the following steps: step 1: the preparation method comprises the following steps of physically mixing Ga and Sn, heating, stirring and melting the mixture in an inert gas atmosphere, cooling the mixture to room temperature to obtain a liquid metal alloy of Ga and Sn, and ultrasonically emulsifying the liquid metal alloy of Ga and Sn and 1-dodecyl mercaptan to disperse the liquid metal alloy of Ga and Sn into Ga and Sn alloy nanoparticles; step 2: uniformly mixing Ga and Sn alloy nanoparticles with a conductive agent in N-methylpyrrolidone, uniformly coating Ga and Sn alloy nanoparticles loaded with the conductive agent and an adhesive on the surface of lithium metal, and drying the adhesive to obtain a liquid metal solid electrolyte interface layer of Ga and Sn alloy. The invention can solve the problems of lithium dendrite and cycling stability generated in the process of charging and discharging of the low-temperature resistant lithium metal battery cathode material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of new materials, in particular to a method for processing a Solid Electrolyte Interface (SEI) film of a low-temperature-resistant lithium ion battery Interface.
Background
Lithium ion batteries play an important role in our daily lives as advanced energy storage devices, however, the capacity of commercial lithium ion batteries is still far from satisfactory. Compared with the traditional graphite cathode, the lithium metal has large theoretical specific capacity (3860mAhg < -1 >) and lowest electrochemical potential (minus 3.04V relative to the standard hydrogen electrode). Therefore, the lithium metal is adopted as the negative electrode material of the lithium ion battery, the energy density of the battery can be effectively improved, and the lithium metal is hopefully applied to the next generation of lithium ion batteries, and has better alternative significance for the application limitation caused by the increase of intrinsic impedance, the reduction of activity and the great reduction of specific capacity of the graphite negative electrode due to low temperature in high altitude areas. However, safety and stability problems of lithium metal negative electrodes, such as disordered growth of lithium dendrites and low cycle life, severely hinder their practical application. It is well known that a solid electrolyte interface layer (SEI) effectively slows down side reactions between the electrolyte and the lithium metal negative electrode and thus plays an important role in suppressing lithium dendrites. Recently, several studies have shown that the construction of a physical barrier layer (artificial SEI layer) may be an effective method to block direct contact between lithium metal and the electrolyte. To date, much research has focused on coating metal compounds onto lithium metal surfaces to construct artificial SEI layers, such as Al2O3,Cu3N,CuF2. However, the mechanical strength of these artificial SEI layers is not sufficient to resist continuous and severe volume changes of metallic lithium during long cycles, thus causing cracks and detachment of the artificial SEI layers, thereby degrading the electrochemical performance of the battery.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for treating an SEI (solid electrolyte interphase) film on an interface of a low-temperature-resistant lithium ion battery, which can solve the problems of lithium dendrites and cycling stability generated in the process of charging and discharging of a negative electrode material of the low-temperature-resistant lithium metal battery.
In order to realize the purpose, the method for processing the SEI film on the interface of the low-temperature-resistant lithium ion battery comprises the following steps:
step 1: physically mixing Ga (gallium) and Sn (tin), heating, stirring and melting in an inert gas atmosphere, then cooling to room temperature to obtain a Liquid metal alloy of Ga and Sn, and ultrasonically emulsifying the Liquid metal alloy of Ga and Sn and 1-dodecyl mercaptan to disperse the Liquid metal alloy of Ga and Sn into Ga and Sn alloy nano particles (Liquid metal nano particles, Liquid metal artificial films);
step 2: uniformly mixing Ga and Sn alloy nanoparticles with a conductive agent in N-methylpyrrolidone, uniformly coating Ga and Sn alloy nanoparticles loaded with the conductive agent and an adhesive on the surface of lithium metal, and drying the adhesive to obtain a liquid metal solid electrolyte interface layer of Ga and Sn alloy.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the preparation method of the liquid metal artificial SEI film, the liquid metal is coated on the surface of the lithium metal, a layer of self-repairing artificial SEI film is constructed, the SEI film is coated on the surface, and the obtained product can effectively inhibit the problem of lithium dendrites in the lithium battery; meanwhile, the good mechanical property of the liquid metal can effectively overcome the problems of volume expansion and the like of the lithium metal in the charging and discharging processes; the liquid metal material has the advantages of high electronic conductivity and good mechanical property, meanwhile, the method provided by the embodiment of the invention can be amplified in production, and the obtained modified lithium metal cathode can be used for a high-specific-energy lithium ion battery.
The invention starts with the main problem that the actual capacity is greatly reduced due to the increase of the low-temperature intrinsic impedance of a lithium ion battery cathode material, and the metal lithium cathode is used as a low-temperature lithium ion battery alternative material. By utilizing the electron scanning microscope technology, the interface characteristics of the artificial SEI layer are adjusted and controlled in a targeted manner by measuring the kinetic parameters and the battery cycle performance parameters of the lithium metal battery, so that the lithium metal battery has excellent service performance, has strong practical significance for low-temperature popularization of the lithium metal battery with high specific energy, has high economic significance particularly for energy storage modules involved in high-altitude power systems, and is an alternative scheme capable of being popularized in a large range.
Drawings
Fig. 1(a) is a schematic view of a process flow of manufacturing a liquid metal artificial SEI film, fig. 1(b) is a schematic view of a GaSn liquid metal object, fig. 1(c) is a picture of GaSn liquid metal nanoparticles under a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), fig. 1(d) is a picture of a mixture of carbon nanotubes and GaSn liquid metal under a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and fig. 1(e) is a picture of a GaSn liquid metal artificial SEI film under a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).
Fig. 2(a) is an SEM image of a Lithium metal negative electrode before a Li | LTO (Lithium titanate) battery cycle, fig. 2(b) is an SEM image of a Lithium metal negative electrode after a Li | LTO battery cycle, fig. 2(c) is an SEM image of an LMNP-Li (Lithium-liquid metal artificial film) negative electrode before a Li-LMNP | LTO (Lithium-liquid metal artificial film/Lithium titanate) battery cycle, and fig. 2(d) is an SEM image of an LMNP-Li negative electrode after a Li-LMNP | LTO battery cycle.
In fig. 1(a), dissolution coating represents coating, Li foil represents lithium plate, GaSn LMNPs represents gallium indium liquid metal, CNTs represents carbon nanotubes, SBR Binder represents poly styrene butadiene rubber Binder, THF represents tetrahydrofuran, and Self-healing artificial SEI layer represents Self-healing artificial SEI film.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and specific examples:
the method for treating the SEI film on the interface of the low-temperature-resistant lithium ion battery shown in figure 1 comprises the following steps:
step 1: the preparation method comprises the following steps of physically mixing Ga and Sn, heating, stirring and melting the mixture in an inert gas atmosphere, cooling the mixture to room temperature to obtain a liquid metal alloy of Ga and Sn, and ultrasonically emulsifying the liquid metal alloy of Ga and Sn and 1-dodecyl mercaptan to disperse the liquid metal alloy of Ga and Sn into Ga and Sn alloy nanoparticles (200 nm);
step 2: uniformly mixing Ga and Sn alloy nanoparticles with a conductive agent in N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), uniformly coating Ga and Sn alloy nanoparticles loaded with the conductive agent and a binder on the surface of lithium metal, drying the binder (THF (tetrahydrofuran)) in a glove box to obtain a liquid metal Solid Electrolyte Interface (SEI) layer of Ga and Sn alloy, preparing the artificial SEI-coated lithium metal into a button cell, and performing performance tests including a morphology test, a multiplying power test and a cycle test.
In the technical scheme, the mass ratio range of Ga to Sn is (80-90%) (10-20%), and the reaction can be accelerated under the mixture ratio, so that the large-scale preparation of industrial production is facilitated.
In the technical scheme, the inert gas atmosphere is argon or nitrogen, and the inert gas plays a role in protecting the reaction gas and isolating oxygen and moisture.
In the step 1 of the technical scheme, Ga and Sn are physically mixed and heated to 250-350 ℃ in an inert gas atmosphere, and are stirred and melted.
In the technical scheme, the stirring speed is 1000-3000 r/min, so that the materials are fully stirred.
In the step 1 of the technical scheme, Ga and Sn are physically mixed and heated to 250-350 ℃ in an inert gas atmosphere, stirred and melted for 0.5-3 h, the reaction time is ensured, and the reaction is fully carried out.
In the step 2 of the technical scheme, Ga and Sn alloy nanoparticles loaded by a conductive agent and an adhesive are uniformly coated on the surface of the lithium metal to a coating thickness of 10-50 um.
In the technical scheme, the conductive agent is carbon black, acetylene black, a carbon nano tube or graphene, and the binder is polyvinylidene fluoride, polystyrene or polytetrafluoroethylene, so that the performance of a final product is improved.
The method takes Ga and Sn simple substances as main bodies, synthesizes the GaSn liquid metal artificial SEI film by adopting a two-step method, and tests the cycle performance and the multiplying power performance. The GaSn liquid metal forms a stable SEI film on a lithium cathode interface, the artificial SEI film can reduce side reactions between the lithium metal and the organic electrolyte, and the good mechanical property of the artificial SEI film can effectively solve the safety problem of the battery caused by lithium dendrites, so that the cycle performance of the battery is stably improved, and the safety is good; and simple structure has better mechanical strength, and is convenient for storage and transportation. The method is simple and cheap to operate, has excellent electrochemical performance, and can be used in the fields of lithium metal secondary batteries, lithium sulfur batteries and lithium air batteries.
Details not described in this specification are within the skill of the art that are well known to those skilled in the art.
Claims (8)
1. A method for processing an SEI film on an interface of a low-temperature-resistant lithium ion battery is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: the preparation method comprises the following steps of physically mixing Ga and Sn, heating, stirring and melting the mixture in an inert gas atmosphere, cooling the mixture to room temperature to obtain a liquid metal alloy of Ga and Sn, and ultrasonically emulsifying the liquid metal alloy of Ga and Sn and 1-dodecyl mercaptan to disperse the liquid metal alloy of Ga and Sn into Ga and Sn alloy nanoparticles;
step 2: uniformly mixing Ga and Sn alloy nanoparticles with a conductive agent in N-methylpyrrolidone, uniformly coating Ga and Sn alloy nanoparticles loaded with the conductive agent and an adhesive on the surface of lithium metal, and drying the adhesive to obtain a liquid metal solid electrolyte interface layer of Ga and Sn alloy.
2. The method for treating the SEI film on the interface of the low-temperature-resistant lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the mass ratio range of Ga to Sn is (80% -90%) (10% -20%).
3. The method for treating the SEI film on the interface of the low-temperature-resistant lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the inert gas atmosphere is argon or nitrogen.
4. The method for treating the SEI film on the interface of the low-temperature-resistant lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 1, Ga and Sn are physically mixed and heated to 250-350 ℃ in an inert gas atmosphere, and are stirred and melted.
5. The method for treating the SEI film on the interface of the low-temperature-resistant lithium ion battery according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the stirring speed is 1000-3000 r/min.
6. The method for treating the SEI film on the interface of the low-temperature-resistant lithium ion battery according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 1, Ga and Sn are physically mixed and heated to 250-350 ℃ in an inert gas atmosphere, and are stirred and melted for 0.5-3 h.
7. The method for treating the SEI film on the interface of the low-temperature-resistant lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 2, Ga and Sn alloy nanoparticles loaded by a conductive agent and an adhesive are uniformly coated on the surface of the lithium metal to a coating thickness of 10-50 um.
8. The method for treating the SEI film on the interface of the low-temperature-resistant lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the conductive agent is carbon black, acetylene black, carbon nano tubes or graphene, and the binder is polyvinylidene fluoride, polystyrene or polytetrafluoroethylene.
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Cited By (4)
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CN113258035A (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2021-08-13 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Dendrite-free alloy cathode with solid-liquid phase conversion mechanism and preparation method thereof |
CN115763706A (en) * | 2022-11-21 | 2023-03-07 | 上海屹锂新能源科技有限公司 | Alloy/carbon composite film for all-solid-state battery and preparation method thereof |
CN115838497A (en) * | 2022-10-08 | 2023-03-24 | 中国林业科学研究院林产化学工业研究所 | Self-repairable cellulose hydrogel and preparation method and application thereof |
WO2024093072A1 (en) * | 2022-11-02 | 2024-05-10 | 宜昌邦普循环科技有限公司 | Self-repairing fast-ionic-conductor lithium metal negative electrode and preparation method therefor |
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Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN113258035A (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2021-08-13 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Dendrite-free alloy cathode with solid-liquid phase conversion mechanism and preparation method thereof |
CN113258035B (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2022-05-17 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Dendrite-free alloy cathode with solid-liquid phase conversion mechanism and preparation method thereof |
CN115838497A (en) * | 2022-10-08 | 2023-03-24 | 中国林业科学研究院林产化学工业研究所 | Self-repairable cellulose hydrogel and preparation method and application thereof |
CN115838497B (en) * | 2022-10-08 | 2024-02-09 | 中国林业科学研究院林产化学工业研究所 | Self-repairable cellulose hydrogel and preparation method and application thereof |
WO2024093072A1 (en) * | 2022-11-02 | 2024-05-10 | 宜昌邦普循环科技有限公司 | Self-repairing fast-ionic-conductor lithium metal negative electrode and preparation method therefor |
CN115763706A (en) * | 2022-11-21 | 2023-03-07 | 上海屹锂新能源科技有限公司 | Alloy/carbon composite film for all-solid-state battery and preparation method thereof |
CN115763706B (en) * | 2022-11-21 | 2024-03-12 | 上海屹锂新能源科技有限公司 | Alloy/carbon composite film for all-solid-state battery and preparation method thereof |
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