CN112560309B - Heat insulation prevention and analysis method suitable for being influenced by multidimensional variables - Google Patents
Heat insulation prevention and analysis method suitable for being influenced by multidimensional variables Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an anti-heat insulation analysis method suitable for being influenced by multidimensional variables, which comprises the following steps of: establishing a three-dimensional transient thermal analysis finite element model based on a geometric model of an anti-heat insulation scheme; inputting the thermophysical property parameters of the porous heat-proof material into a three-dimensional transient thermal analysis finite element model; applying the initial temperature and the inner wall radiation boundary condition to a three-dimensional transient thermal analysis finite element model; based on the initial pneumatic thermal environment condition, obtaining hot wall heat flow density through cold-hot wall heat flow conversion, and applying the hot wall heat flow density at different moments on a three-dimensional transient thermal analysis finite element model; according to the temperature distribution at different moments and the wall pressure data in the thermal environment, calling the thermal conductivity values at the temperature and the wall pressure after interpolation; and finally obtaining the temperature field distribution of the porous heat-proof and heat-insulating material along the whole time history through three-dimensional transient thermal analysis finite element heat transfer solution, and extracting the time-dependent change history of the temperature of the inner surface and the outer surface.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of heat prevention and insulation analysis of porous material thermal protection, and particularly relates to a heat prevention and insulation analysis method suitable for being influenced by multidimensional variables.
Background
The thermal environment of the hypersonic aerocraft has the characteristics of high heat flow, high enthalpy value, long time, large total heat load, obvious change along with flight altitude and the like. The thermal protection system covers the entire outer surface of the aircraft and needs to have two basic functions: on one hand, the aircraft is heat-proof, and the outer surface of the aircraft has non-ablation and reusability while being capable of resisting high-temperature airflow invasion; on the other hand, the heat insulation effect is realized, the heat entering into a cold structure is reduced, and the aircraft can work under the appropriate temperature condition. Because the temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the aircraft reaches more than thousand degrees, a thermal protection material with excellent heat-proof and heat-insulating properties needs to be selected. Meanwhile, in order to meet the requirement of lightweight design of a thermal protection system of a hypersonic aircraft and take the level of the current domestic materials into consideration, a porous heat-proof and heat-insulating material with low density and high porosity is generally adopted in a high-temperature-resistant windward area.
The porous heat-insulating material has the obvious characteristic of large internal porosity which is often up to more than 80%. Most of the prior materials have thermal conductivity which only changes along with one-dimensional temperature variables, and the thermal conductivity of the materials changes along with temperature and air pressure, so that the materials belong to a material system influenced by multi-dimensional variables, and the problem is brought to the realization of heat insulation prevention analysis. The correctness and accuracy of the heat insulation prevention analysis of the porous material are often important guarantees for checking the reliability of the design scheme. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a set of heat insulation analysis methods suitable for being influenced by multidimensional variables.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the characteristics that the thermal environment of the hypersonic aircraft is high and changes greatly with time, a porous heat-proof and heat-insulating material is adopted in a windward area, the heat-proof and heat-insulating analysis of the material is different from that of a common heat-proof and heat-insulating material, and the change of the physical property of the material along with the temperature and the change of the material along with the air pressure are considered during the heat-proof and heat-insulating analysis. The invention aims at the characteristics of porous heat-proof materials, establishes a set of suitable heat-proof analysis method and a set of suitable heat-proof analysis flow path, and provides reference for the heat-proof analysis of the materials.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
an analysis method for heat protection and insulation, which is suitable for being influenced by multidimensional variables, comprises the following steps:
step (1), establishing a three-dimensional transient thermal analysis finite element model based on a geometric model of an anti-heat insulation scheme;
inputting the thermal physical property parameters of the porous heat-proof and heat-insulating material into a three-dimensional transient thermal analysis finite element model, wherein the thermal physical property parameters of the porous material comprise density, specific heat capacity, radiation coefficient and thermal conductivity, and the thermal conductivity values covering the whole analysis temperature and wall pressure are obtained by interpolation through an inverse distance weighting method by using typical thermal conductivity data points;
step (3), applying initial temperature and inner wall radiation boundary conditions to the three-dimensional transient thermal analysis finite element model, wherein the inner wall radiation boundary conditions comprise radiation coefficients in inner wall radiation and ambient temperature;
step (4), based on the initial pneumatic thermal environment condition, obtaining the hot wall heat flow density q by adopting the cold and hot wall heat flow conversion of the formula (2) n The hot wall heat flux q at different time points n Applying the three-dimensional transient thermal analysis finite element model;
wherein q is n Is the hot wall heat flux density; q. q.s c Is the cold wall heat flux density; h is a total of w Is the gas wall enthalpy; h is r Restoring enthalpy to the gas; sigma is Boltzmann constant; epsilon is the structure surface emissivity; theta w The surface wall temperature. In the formula (2), q c 、h r For a given input; boltzmann constant σ 5.67 × 10 -8 W/(m 2 ·K 4 ) (ii) a ε is the surface emissivity. h is w Usually by usingThe formula (3) is calculated to obtain:
wherein p is e Is the wall pressure;
step (5), according to the temperature distribution at different moments and the wall pressure data in the thermal environment, calling the thermal conductivity values at the temperature and the wall pressure after interpolation;
and (6) solving by three-dimensional transient thermal analysis finite element heat transfer to finally obtain the temperature field distribution of the porous heat-insulating material along the whole time history, and extracting the change history of the inner and outer surface temperatures along with the time.
The heat prevention and insulation analysis method suitable for being influenced by the multidimensional variable has the following beneficial effects:
according to the characteristics of the hypersonic aircraft thermal environment and the heat insulation prevention design scheme, the characteristics of the multi-dimensional change of the thermophysical parameters of the porous heat insulation prevention material along with the temperature and the pressure are considered on the basis of the thermal environment input condition, and the transient heat transfer analysis is carried out by adopting a numerical simulation analysis method to obtain the temperature field distribution of the heat protection scheme. And the numerical analysis result is compared with the test data, so that the correctness and the accuracy of the simulation analysis model and the simulation analysis method are verified. The invention finally forms a set of heat-proof and heat-insulating analysis method and flow suitable for being influenced by multivariable, and provides technical support for subsequent related analysis.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of the present invention for analyzing thermal protection and insulation subject to multidimensional variables;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a typical thermal protection structure model according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a finite element analysis model of a typical thermal protection structure of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a comparison of the insulation analysis and test data for the outside surface temperature;
FIG. 5 is a comparison of the insulation analysis and the surface temperature of the test data.
Detailed Description
The features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent and appreciated from the following detailed description of the invention.
The invention provides an anti-heat insulation analysis method suitable for being influenced by multidimensional variables, which comprises the following steps as shown in figure 1:
step (1), establishing a three-dimensional transient thermal analysis finite element model based on a geometric model of an anti-heat insulation scheme; as shown in fig. 2, the geometric model of the heat prevention and insulation scheme includes a porous heat prevention and insulation material 1 and a strain isolation pad buffer layer 2 bonded at the bottom, wherein the porous heat prevention and insulation material 1 may be an alumina system ceramic tile capable of withstanding 1500 ℃, a quartz system ceramic tile capable of withstanding 1200 ℃, and the like, and has a thickness of 30-50 mm, the strain isolation pad buffer layer 2 may be a polymer fiber such as an aramid fiber, and the like, and has a thickness of 2-4 mm, and the established three-dimensional transient thermal analysis finite element model is shown in fig. 3.
Inputting the thermophysical parameters of the porous heat-proof material into a three-dimensional transient thermal analysis finite element model, wherein the thermophysical parameters of the porous material comprise density, specific heat capacity, radiation coefficient and thermal conductivity, and the thermal conductivity of the porous heat-proof material comprises solid thermal conductivity, gas thermal conductivity and radiation heat transfer:
k＝k s +k g +k r (1)
wherein: k is the thermal conductivity of the porous heat-insulating material; k is a radical of s Is the solid thermal conductivity; k is a radical of g Is the gas thermal conductivity; k is a radical of r Is the radiant heat transfer rate. It can be seen that the thermal conductivity of the porous thermal insulation material is a multidimensional variable parameter which changes with temperature and pressure, while the conventional material is only a temperature-dependent univariate parameter.
In the invention, typical thermal conductivity data points in the table 1 are utilized to obtain the thermal conductivity value covering the whole analysis temperature (25-1500 ℃) and pressure (1-500000 Pa) through interpolation by an inverse distance weighting method.
TABLE 1 Multi-dimensional variable thermal conductivity Property parameters
And (3) applying boundary conditions such as initial temperature and inner wall radiation to the three-dimensional transient thermal analysis finite element model. The boundary conditions of the inner wall radiation include the emissivity in the inner wall radiation and the ambient temperature.
Step (4), based on the initial pneumatic thermal environment condition, obtaining the hot wall heat flow density q by adopting the cold and hot wall heat flow conversion of the formula (2) n The hot wall heat flux density q at different time points n Applied to a three-dimensional transient thermal analysis finite element model.
Wherein the aerodynamic thermal environmental conditions include time, cold wall heat flux density q c Gas recovery enthalpy h r And wall pressure p e Wherein the wall pressure p e The method is an important reference value for the heat conductivity adjustment in the heat insulation analysis of the porous heat-insulating material; the pneumatic thermal environmental condition data is shown in table 2;
table 2 thermal environment input data
Wherein, the conversion relation formula of the heat flow of the cold and hot wall is as follows:
wherein q is n Is the hot wall heat flux density; q. q.s c Is the cold wall heat flux density; h is w Is the gas wall enthalpy; h is a total of r Restoring enthalpy to the gas; sigma is Boltzmann constant; epsilon is the structure surface emissivity; theta w The surface wall temperature. In the formula (2), q c 、h r For a given input; boltzmann constant σ 5.67 × 10 -8 W/(m 2 ·K 4 ) (ii) a ε is the surface emissivity. h is a total of w Is generally calculated by formula (3)：
Wherein p is e Is the wall pressure.
The method comprises the following specific implementation steps:
substep (4.1), time 1s, q c 、h r And p e Given values of corresponding time points in Table 2, temperature θ w Taking at 25 ℃ for h w Q after the 1s time conversion is calculated as the value obtained by the equation (3) n Applying the temperature field distribution to a finite element model, and then carrying out heat transfer analysis to obtain the temperature field distribution at the 1 st moment;
substep (4.2), time 2s, q c 、h r And p e The given value and the temperature theta of the corresponding time in the table 2 are taken w Taking the temperature value obtained at the time of 1s, h w Q after the time 2s is converted for the calculated value obtained by the equation (3) n Applying the temperature field distribution to a finite element model, and then carrying out heat transfer analysis to obtain the temperature field distribution at the 2s moment;
substep (4.3), and so on, time ns, q c 、h r And p e The given value and the temperature theta of the corresponding time in the table 2 are taken w Taking the temperature value obtained at the (n-1) s moment, h w Q after the time of ns is converted for the calculated value obtained by the formula (3) n Applying the temperature field distribution to a finite element model, and then carrying out heat transfer analysis to obtain the temperature field distribution at the ns moment;
and (4.4) until the thermal environment data application of the whole time history is completed, and obtaining the corresponding temperature field distribution.
And (5) calling the thermal conductivity values under the temperature and the wall pressure after interpolation according to the temperature distribution at different moments and the wall pressure data in the thermal environment.
Specifically, in the analysis of the heat insulation, the calling of the multidimensional variable value of the heat conductivity along with the temperature and the pressure in the whole analysis time history is realized by a method comprising the following steps:
substep (5.1) based on the temperature field distribution at time 1s (e.g. 25 c) and P at the corresponding time in the thermal environment data e Calling the thermal conductivity value after the intermediate interpolation under the corresponding temperature and pressure, and assigning the corresponding value to the finite element model;
sub-step (5.2) based on the temperature field distribution obtained in the instant 2s and P in the thermal environment data at the corresponding instant e Calling the thermal conductivity value after the intermediate interpolation under the corresponding temperature and pressure, and assigning the corresponding numerical value to the finite element model;
substep (5.3), and so on, based on the temperature field distribution obtained at time ns and P in the thermal environment data at the corresponding time e Calling the thermal conductivity value after the intermediate interpolation under the corresponding temperature and pressure, and assigning the corresponding numerical value to the finite element model;
and (5.4) until the thermophysical property assignment of the whole time history is completed, and obtaining corresponding temperature field distribution.
And (6) carrying out finite element heat transfer solution through three-dimensional transient thermal analysis to finally obtain the temperature field distribution of the porous heat-insulating material along the whole time history, and extracting the time-dependent change history of the temperatures of the inner surface and the outer surface.
And during heat insulation prevention analysis, considering the nonlinear influence of the material, and solving by adopting a Newton-Raphson algorithm.
Examples
The thermal insulation geometric model of the porous material is an alumina system ceramic tile which can endure 1500 ℃ and aramid fiber of a strain isolation pad buffer layer, the number of the layers is 2, and the thicknesses of the layers are 50mm and 3mm respectively. Boundary conditions such as initial temperature and inner wall radiation include initial temperature of 25 deg.C, radiation coefficient of 0.2 in inner wall radiation, ambient temperature of 25 deg.C, and Boltzmann constant of 5.67 × 10 -8 W/(m 2 ·K 4 ). The analysis is carried out according to the heat-proof analysis method, the numerical simulation analysis result is compared with the test assessment data shown in the figures 4 and 5, the maximum difference between the outer surface temperature and the inner surface temperature is 0.5 percent, and the maximum difference between the inner surface temperature and the outer surface temperature is 5 percent, so that the correctness and the accuracy of the heat-proof analysis method are verified.
The invention has been described in detail with reference to specific embodiments and illustrative examples, but the description is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various equivalent substitutions, modifications or improvements may be made to the technical solution of the present invention and its embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that those matters not described in detail in the present specification are well known in the art.
Claims (5)
1. An analysis method for heat insulation protection suitable for being influenced by multidimensional variables is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step (1), establishing a three-dimensional transient thermal analysis finite element model based on a geometric model of an anti-heat insulation scheme;
inputting the thermal physical property parameters of the porous heat-proof and heat-insulating material into a three-dimensional transient thermal analysis finite element model, wherein the thermal physical property parameters of the porous material comprise density, specific heat capacity, radiation coefficient and thermal conductivity, and the thermal conductivity value covering the whole analysis temperature and wall pressure is obtained by interpolation through an inverse distance weighting method by using typical thermal conductivity data points;
step (3), applying initial temperature and inner wall radiation boundary conditions to the three-dimensional transient thermal analysis finite element model, wherein the inner wall radiation boundary conditions comprise radiation coefficients in inner wall radiation and ambient temperature;
step (4), based on the initial pneumatic thermal environment condition, obtaining the hot wall heat flow density q by adopting the cold and hot wall heat flow conversion of the formula (2) n The hot wall heat flux density q at different time points n Applying the three-dimensional transient thermal analysis finite element model;
wherein q is n Is the hot wall heat flux density; q. q.s c Is the cold wall heat flux density; h is a total of w Is the gas wall enthalpy; h is r Recovering enthalpy for the gas; sigma is Boltzmann constant; epsilon is the structure surface emissivity; theta.theta. w Surface wall temperature; in the formula (2), q c 、h r For a given input; boltzmann constant σ 5.67 × 10 -8 W/(m 2 ·K 4 ) (ii) a Epsilon is the surface emissivity; h is w It is generally calculated using equation (3):
wherein p is e Is the wall pressure;
step (5), according to the temperature distribution at different moments and the wall pressure data in the thermal environment, calling the thermal conductivity values at the temperature and the wall pressure after interpolation;
and (6) solving by three-dimensional transient thermal analysis finite element heat transfer to finally obtain the temperature field distribution of the porous heat-insulating material along the whole time history, and extracting the change history of the inner and outer surface temperatures along with the time.
2. The method for analyzing thermal insulation affected by multidimensional variables, according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), the geometric model of the thermal insulation preventing scheme comprises a porous thermal insulation preventing material 1 and a strain insulating mat buffer layer 2 bonded at the bottom.
3. The method for analysis of thermal insulation subject to multidimensional variations according to claim 1, characterized in that step (4) is carried out by the following sub-steps:
substep (4.1), time 1s, q c 、h r And p e Given values of corresponding time points in Table 2, temperature θ w Taking the mixture at 25 ℃ for h w Q after the time 1s is converted for the calculated value obtained by the equation (3) n Applying the temperature field distribution to a finite element model, and then carrying out heat transfer analysis to obtain the temperature field distribution at the 1 st moment;
substep (4.2), time 2s, q c 、h r And p e Get the corresponding time in Table 2Given value of, temperature theta w Taking the temperature value obtained at the time of 1s, h w Q after the time of 2s is converted for the calculated value obtained by the equation (3) n Applying the temperature field distribution to a finite element model, and then carrying out heat transfer analysis to obtain the temperature field distribution at the 2s moment;
substep (4.3), and so on, time ns, q c 、h r And p e The given value and the temperature theta of the corresponding time in the table 2 are taken w Taking the temperature value obtained at the (n-1) s moment, h w Q after the time of ns is converted for the calculated value obtained by the formula (3) n Applying the temperature field distribution to a finite element model, and then carrying out heat transfer analysis to obtain the temperature field distribution at the ns moment;
and (4.4) until the application of the thermal environment data of the whole time history is completed, and obtaining the corresponding temperature field distribution.
4. The method for analyzing heat insulation by multi-dimensional variable influence, according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the calling of the multi-dimensional variable value of the heat conductivity along with the temperature and the pressure in the whole analysis time course is realized by a method comprising the following steps:
substep (5.1) of determining the temperature field distribution at the time 1s and P at the corresponding time in the thermal environment data e Calling the thermal conductivity value after the intermediate interpolation under the corresponding temperature and pressure, and assigning the corresponding numerical value to the finite element model;
sub-step (5.2) based on the temperature field distribution obtained in the instant 2s and P in the thermal environment data at the corresponding instant e Calling the thermal conductivity value after the intermediate interpolation under the corresponding temperature and pressure, and assigning the corresponding value to the finite element model;
substep (5.3), and so on, based on the temperature field distribution obtained in the time ns and P in the thermal environment data at the corresponding time e Calling the thermal conductivity value after the intermediate interpolation under the corresponding temperature and pressure, and assigning the corresponding numerical value to the finite element model;
and (5.4) until the thermophysical property assignment of the whole time history is completed, and obtaining corresponding temperature field distribution.
5. The method for analyzing heat insulation affected by multidimensional variables, as recited in claim 1, wherein in step (6), a Newton-Raphson algorithm is used to solve for finite element heat transfer for three-dimensional transient thermal analysis.
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