CN112559455A - IFC data management system and method based on semantic network technology - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an IFC data management system and method based on semantic network technology, which comprises the following steps: the IFC file reading device, the IFC file outputting device, the IFC-ifcOWL data conversion module, the ifcOWL data storage module, the data query module, the data modification module, the data deletion module and the user interaction module support operations of querying, modifying, deleting and the like of IFC data. The user does not need to understand the format of the IFC data, the IFC data can be managed, and utilization efficiency of the IFC data is improved. The IFC data query method and the IFC data modification and deletion method solve the problem of IFC data query and the problem of IFC data modification and deletion. The method converts IFC data into ifcOWL data, utilizes the technology of a semantic network to inquire the data, and supports conditional inquiry. The present invention converts IFC data into ifclowl data due to the lack of methods to convert ifclowl data into IFC data. The invention provides a method for assigning a unique identification number to each data, which solves the problem and supports the modification and deletion of data specified by the query.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of IFC data management, and particularly designs an IFC data management system and method based on a semantic network technology.
Background
Under the guidance of strong support of governments, Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology is entering into deep application and actual effect generation stages in China. Meanwhile, a plurality of obstacles are encountered in the application process, wherein the interoperability of the BIM data is one of the problems which need to be solved urgently. Users in different fields can select different software to realize the requirements of the field, and simultaneously need to cooperate with users in other fields, however, each field has specific professional knowledge, different software has different file formats, and the traditional data exchange mode is often interacted and integrated based on data standards specified by software developers, for example, the Autodesk company defines the rvt data format, software Revit Architecture developed by Autodesk aiming at the field of architectural design, software Revit Structure aiming at the field of structural design and Revit MEP aiming at the field of equipment pipeline design can be imported and exported, rvt files are used for realizing data exchange. BIM software developed by different companies often lacks a consistent data standard, and is difficult to export and import without damage, so that a data island is formed.
To solve this problem, the buildingSMART organization proposed the ifc (industrityfoundation class) data standard to support the sharing and exchange of BIM data. The IFC data standard defines various entities, attributes and relations in the building field by adopting an EXPRESS Schema, provides a general standard for data expression and data exchange for BIM data, is developing all the time, and continuously pushes out more perfect versions by building smart, and simultaneously more and more BIM software starts to support importing and exporting IFC data.
IFC files are usually text files with IFC as suffix, which can be opened by using a general text editor, but IFC files lack readability, and people unfamiliar with the IFC standard have difficulty understanding the contained data, which usually needs to import the data by using building software supporting the IFC standard before seeing the contained data content, which causes the following problems:
1. there is no effective tool for performing some statistical analysis on IFC data, such as counting how many windows are included in the IFC data.
2. The lack of an effective tool for modifying IFC data, such as modifying the height of a door, requires building software to import IFCs from the data to obtain BIM models and then operate on them, a process that is certainly time consuming and complex.
3. There is a lack of effective tools for deleting redundant data in IFC data. In recent years, semantic web technology has been rapidly developed and applied to more and more fields, such as the development of new drugs, clinical diagnosis, and the like. Semantic networks (semantic networks) are a structured way to represent knowledge graphically. The method is a semantic network, information is expressed as a group of nodes, and the nodes are connected with each other through a group of marked directed straight lines and used for expressing the relationship among the nodes. The semantic network is characterized in that: (1) knowledge can be deeply expressed, and the knowledge comprises entity structures, layers and causal relationships among entities; (2) the inference is irregular, and the inference rule can be repeated; (3) the naturalness of knowledge expression is enhanced directly from language statements. Therefore, the method has the advantages of directly and definitely expressing the semantic relation of the concept, and simulating the semantic memory and association mode of a human; the structural relationship retrieval and reasoning of the semantic network can be utilized, and the efficiency is high.
The invention provides an IFC data management system and method based on semantic technology, and solves the problems that IFC data is difficult to query and modify and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide an IFC data management system based on semantic network technology, which comprises: the IFC file reader is used for reading IFC data into the memory and creating a unique identification number according to file characteristics; the IFC file output device is used for outputting files with suffixes of IFC data in the memory; the IFC-ifcOWL data conversion module is used for converting IFC data into ifcOWL data and converting the IFC data into the ifcOWL data by combining the body and the IFC-ifcOWL mapping relation library, wherein each piece of data has an identification number; the ifcOWL data storage module is used for converting the IFC data into ifcOWL data and storing the ifcOWL data in the TDB2 database; the data query module is used for querying the stored data; the data modification module is used for modifying the ifcOWL data and one or more pieces of data appointed in the IFC data, modifying the existing ifcOWL data through an API (application program interface) provided by Jena, positioning the IFC data to the position in the IFC data of the data according to the identification number, and modifying the IFC data; the data deleting module is used for deleting the ifcOWL data and one or more pieces of data appointed in the IFC data, deleting the existing ifcOWL data through an API (application program interface) provided by Jena, positioning the IFC data to the position in the IFC data according to the identification number, and deleting the IFC data; and the user interaction module provides a visual interaction interface which comprises data import, query condition selection, query result display, specified data modification, specified data deletion and system state display.
Further, the data conversion module comprises an ifcOWL body, an IFC-ifcOWL mapping relation library, an IFC file recorder and an IFC-ifcOWL converter.
Further, the data query module includes a library of predefined query sentences and a complete query sentence generator.
Further, the data modification module includes an IFC data modifier and an IFC data modifier.
Further, the data deleting module comprises an ifcOWL data deleter and an IFC data deleter.
Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an IFC data management method based on a semantic network technology, which includes the following steps:
s1, reading an IFC data file into a memory, creating a unique identification number according to file characteristics, converting the IFC data into ifcOWL data by combining a body and an IFC-ifcOWL mapping relation library, wherein each piece of data has the identification number, and storing the ifcOWL data in a TDB2 database;
s2, inquiring ifcOWL data, and specifying an inquiry condition to execute the generated SPARQL statement on the ifcOWL data stored in the TDB2 data, wherein the result is displayed in a user interaction interface;
s3, IFC data modification, namely specifying an IFC file to be modified to obtain ifcOWL data in S1, inquiring whether the data to be modified exists or not based on S2, modifying the existing ifcOWL data through an API (application program interface) provided by Jena, positioning the data to the position in the IFC data according to an identification number, and modifying the IFC data;
s4, deleting IFC data, designating IFC files to be deleted to obtain ifcOWL data in S1, inquiring whether the data to be modified exist or not based on S2, deleting the existing ifcOWL data through an API (application program interface) provided by Jena, positioning the data to the position in the IFC data according to an identification number, and deleting the IFC data;
further, the file characteristics in S1 include the name, size, and creation time of the file.
Further, in S2, the IFC file to be queried is specified in the user interaction module.
Further, in S2, the SPARQL language is used to query the ifc-OWL data, construct a query statement, and obtain a complete SPARQL query statement according to a specified query condition.
Further, in S4, only data associated with the deleted data among the ifclowl data and the IFC data is deleted.
Has the advantages that: the IFC data management system based on the semantic network technology supports operations such as query, modification and deletion of IFC data. The user does not need to understand the format of the IFC data, the IFC data can be managed, and utilization efficiency of the IFC data is improved. The IFC data query method and the IFC data modification and deletion method solve the problem of IFC data query and the problem of IFC data modification and deletion.
The IFC data is a text file and can be directly opened, but the information contained in the IFC data is difficult to read under the condition that the IFC data is not familiar with the format of the IFC data. Because IFC data lacks legibility, direct modification of the IFC data is difficult. The method converts IFC data into ifcOWL data, but the process is unidirectional at present, and a method for converting the ifcOWL data into the IFC data is lacked at present. The invention provides a method for assigning a unique identification number to each data, which solves the problem and supports the modification and deletion of data specified by the query.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an IFC data management system based on semantic network technology;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the mapping of IfcBSplineCorve;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for converting IFC to ifcOWL data;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of an IFC data query method based on network semantic technology;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of an IFC data modification method based on a network semantic technology;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of an IFC data deletion method based on a network semantic technology;
FIG. 7 is a flowchart of file identification number generation in embodiment 1;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a IFCDOOR conversion process;
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing generation of a query statement from a query condition in example 2;
FIG. 10 is a file identification number record table in embodiment 3;
FIG. 11 is a comparison between before and after modification of data in example 3.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is explained in detail in the following with the accompanying drawings.
The invention relates to an IFC data management system based on semantic technology, as shown in figure 1, the invention mainly comprises the following parts:
the module reads the IFC data file into the memory, and the module can dynamically allocate the memory according to the size of the IFC data file, so that the utilization rate of the memory is improved.
An IFC file exporter that exports IFC data in memory as a file text suffixed with the IFC.
3. A data conversion module that converts the IFC data into ifcOWL data, the ifcOWL data being a network ontology language description of the IFC data. The module comprises the following sub-modules:
IfcOWL ontology (ontology), which is a formalized expression of a set of concepts and their mutual relations in a specific field, and is generated by referring to IFC Schema; table 1 shows the relationship between IFC Schema and ifcOWL Ontology.
TABLE 1
The module records the mapping relation between the IFC standard and the ifcOWL ontology, and for any data type in the IFC Schema, the ifcOWL ontology has a type corresponding to the data type. The ifcBSplineCURve in FIG. 2 illustrates this mapping specifically for example;
the module of the IFC file recorder generates a unique identification number according to the file name, the file creating time and the file size of the IFC file, and records the corresponding relation between the file and the identification number by using a file identification number recording table.
And the IFC-ifcOWL converter is connected with the IFC file reader to obtain the read-in IFC data, and the IFC data is converted into the ifcOWL data through the IfcOWL body and the IFC-ifcOWL mapping relation library. In the process, in order to ensure the bidirectional connection between the IFC data and the ifclowl data, each piece of data in the IFC file is assigned a unique identification number, specifically, the first eight bits are the ID of the piece of data in the IFC file, the ninth bit to the last bit are the IFC file identification number generated by the IFC file recorder, and during the conversion, the identification number is added to the corresponding ifclowl data to identify each piece of data.
And 4, the ifcOWL data storage module is connected with the data conversion module and used for efficiently storing the ifcOWL data converted from the IFC data. It should be noted that ifclowl data can be simply solidified into an nt file, and even can be directly stored into a txt file, but if operations such as data addition, modification, deletion, query and the like are performed, the operation is inefficient by simply using a text form, the TDB2 is a database that Apache Jena uses for RDF (resource description framework) data storage and query, and supports all Jena APIs, the TDB2 on a single computer can be used for high-performance RDF storage, and can use a command line or a Java API form to operate a TDB2 database, and the ifclowl data is a type of RDF data, the present invention adopts the TDB2 as a storage mode of the ifclowl, specifically, the data storage module is connected with the data conversion module, receives the converted ifclowl data, and stores the ifclowl data in the TDB2 database;
5. and the data query module is connected with the data storage module and provides a query function for the stored data. The user can inquire without knowing IFC format, and support self-defined inquiry condition, and the inquired result is filtered according to the condition. The data query module comprises the following sub-modules:
the invention discloses a method for pre-defining a query sentence library, which is characterized in that a SPARQL language is adopted to query ifcOWL data, query sentences are constructed, and the query sentences are stored with pre-defined query sentences.
And the complete query statement generator is used for combining a predefined query statement library according to the specified query condition to obtain a complete SPARQL query statement.
6. The data modification module comprises an ifcOWL data modifier and an IFC data modifier, wherein the ifcOWL data modifier is used for modifying one or more pieces of data specified in the ifcOWL data, and the IFC data modifier is used for modifying one or more pieces of data specified in the IFC data. The data modification module, the data query module and the data storage module are connected, data to be modified are obtained through query, then the ifcOWL data are modified through an API provided by Jena, and meanwhile the IFC data are correspondingly modified.
The invention supports the modification of the inquired data and generates a modified new IFC data file. After the IFC data is converted into the ifclowl data, the query operation substantially acts on the converted ifclowl data, and the modification operation simultaneously acts on the ifclowl data and the original IFC data.
7. The data deleting module comprises an ifcOWL data deleter and an IFC data deleter, the ifcOWL data modifier is used for deleting one or more pieces of data specified in the ifcOWL data, and the IFC data modifier is used for deleting one or more pieces of data specified in the IFC data. The data deleting module is connected with the data inquiring module and the data storage module, firstly, data needing to be deleted is obtained through inquiry, then, the data are deleted through an API provided by Jena, and meanwhile, the data appointed in the IFC data are deleted. Then, whether data only related to the data exists in the IFC data is analyzed, and if the data exists, the data is deleted.
8. And the user interaction module provides a visual interaction interface which comprises functions of importing a specified IFC data file, selecting a query condition, displaying a query result, modifying specified data, deleting specified data and displaying a system state.
The invention provides an IFC data management method based on a semantic network technology on the basis of an IFC data management system based on the semantic network technology.
Step one, conversion from IFC to ifclowl data, the conversion method is shown in fig. 3:
step 1.1, an IFC data file is appointed by using a user interaction module and is read into a memory by using an IFC data file reading module;
step 1.2, a data conversion module converts IFC data into ifcOWL data, firstly, a unique identification number is created according to the name, size and creation time of an IFC data file and is recorded in a file recorder, then, an IFC-ifcOWL data converter is used for converting the IFC data into the ifcOWL data by combining an ontology and an IFC-ifcOWL mapping relation library, each piece of data in the ifcOWL data has an identification number, the identification number is generated by the converter, the first eight bits are the ID of the piece of data in the IFC file, and the ninth bit to the last bit are all the identification number of the IFC file generated by the IFC file recorder;
and 1.3, storing the ifcOWL data in a TDB2 database by using a data storage module.
Step two, displaying IFC data query based on network semantic technology, and FIG. 4 shows a query method, which comprises the following steps:
step 2.1, an IFC file needing to be inquired is appointed in a user interaction module, and ifcOWL data stored in a TDB2 database are obtained based on the step one;
step 2.2, a user interaction module is used for appointing a query condition;
step 2.3, generating a SPARQL query statement with complete query by using a data query module according to the specified query condition and combining the query sentence library;
step 2.4, executing the generated SPARQL query statement on the specified ifcOWL data;
and 2.5, obtaining a query result and displaying the query result in the user interaction interface.
Step three, IFC data modification based on the network semantic technology, and FIG. 5 shows the modification step:
step 3.1, an IFC file needing to be modified is specified in a user interaction module, and ifcOWL data stored in a TDB2 database are obtained based on the step one;
step 3.2, data needing to be modified and a new value (modified value) are specified in the user interface;
step 3.3, modifying the data by using a data modification module, firstly judging whether the data needing to be modified exists or not based on the step two, if not, giving a result that the data does not exist on a user interaction interface, and if so, modifying the ifcOWL data through an API provided by Jena; and then according to the identification number of the data, positioning the data to the position of the data in the IFC data, and correspondingly modifying the IFC data.
Deleting the IFC data based on the network semantic technology, wherein the deleting step is shown in FIG. 6:
4.1. an IFC file of certain data needing to be deleted is specified in a user interaction module, and ifcOWL data stored in a TDB2 database are obtained based on the first step;
4.2. data needing to be deleted is appointed on a user interaction interface;
4.3. and deleting the specified data by using a data deleting module, firstly judging whether the data needing to be deleted exists or not on the basis of the second step, if not, giving a prompt that the data does not exist on a user interaction interface, if the data needing to be deleted exists, deleting the data to be deleted specified in the ifclowl data through an API (application programming interface) provided by Jena, deleting the data only related to the deleted data, so that no redundant data exists in the ifclowl data center, positioning the position of the data in the IFC data according to the inquired identification number of the data, and correspondingly deleting the IFC data, further deleting the data only related to the deleted data in the IFC data, and ensuring that no redundant data exists in the IFC data.
Example 1 conversion of IFC data into ifcOWL data
reading IFC data into a memory by using an IFC data file reader;
step 3, converting the IFC data into the ifcOWL data by using an IFC-ifcOWL data conversion module; in fig. 7, an IFC file recorder is used to create a unique file identification number 0001 according to the file name, the file creation time and the file size of demo.ifc, and the IFC data is converted into ifclowl data by using an IFC-ifclowl converter, and the conversion process of this example of IFCDOOR is specifically illustrated in fig. 8;
and 4, storing the ifcOWL data in a TDB2 database by using a data storage module.
step 3, as shown in fig. 9, the data query module generates a SPARQL query statement according to the specified query condition;
and 4, executing the query statement to obtain a query result, and displaying the query result in the user interaction module.
Embodiment 3 IFC data modification based on semantic network technology
step 3, data to be modified and new values are specified at the user interaction module, for example, the height of the door named "M _ singleleaf-flush with wall: 0915x 2134mm: 303431" is modified to 2000 mm.
Step 4, in the manner of embodiment 2, querying whether a gate named "M _ single-leaf-aligned with wall: 0915 × 2134mm: 303431" exists, if not, prompting that the data does not exist, if so, modifying the TDB2 database by using Apache Jena API, replacing the original value by using the new value, then querying the data identification number "000005310001", using the ninth bit to the last bit as the file identification number, combining the file recorder, as shown in fig. 10, finding the IFC file where the data is located, locating the position of the gate to be modified in the IFC file by the first eight bits of the data identification number, replacing the original value by using the new value, and comparing before and after modification as shown in fig. 11.
Example 4 deletion of specified data in IFC data based on semantic network technology
step 3, data needing to be deleted is specified in the user interaction module, and a wall with the height of more than two meters needs to be deleted in the embodiment;
step 4, inquiring whether a wall with a height of more than two meters exists in the manner of embodiment 2, if not, prompting that the data designated for deletion does not exist, if so, inquiring data only related to the deleted data in the manner of embodiment 2, deleting the designated data and the data only related to the data to be deleted in the TDB2 database by using the Apache Jena API, then locating the IFC file where the data is located by using the inquired data identification number and the ninth bit to the last bit as the file identification number in combination with the file record table, locating the position of the door to be deleted in the IFC file by eight bits before the data identification number, deleting the data, and deleting the data only related to the data.
The IFC data management system based on the semantic network technology supports operations such as query, modification and deletion of IFC data. The user does not need to understand the format of the IFC data, the IFC data can be managed, and utilization efficiency of the IFC data is improved. The IFC data query method and the IFC data modification and deletion method solve the problem of IFC data query and the problem of IFC data modification and deletion.
The IFC data is a text file and can be directly opened, but the information contained in the IFC data is difficult to read under the condition that the IFC data is not familiar with the format of the IFC data. Because IFC data lacks legibility, direct modification of the IFC data is difficult. The method converts IFC data into ifcOWL data, but the process is unidirectional at present, and a method for converting the ifcOWL data into the IFC data is lacked at present. The invention provides a method for assigning a unique identification number to each data, which solves the problem and supports the modification and deletion of data specified by the query.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above-mentioned embodiments are only specific embodiments of the present invention, which are used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: any person skilled in the art can modify or easily conceive the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or equivalent substitutes for some technical features within the technical scope of the present disclosure; such modifications, changes or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present invention, and should be construed as being included therein. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. An IFC data management system based on semantic network technology, comprising: the IFC file reader is used for reading IFC data into the memory and creating a unique identification number according to file characteristics;
the IFC file output device is used for outputting files with suffixes of IFC data in the memory; the IFC-ifcOWL data conversion module is used for converting IFC data into ifcOWL data and converting the IFC data into the ifcOWL data by combining the body and the IFC-ifcOWL mapping relation library, wherein each piece of data has an identification number;
the ifcOWL data storage module is used for converting the IFC data into ifcOWL data and storing the ifcOWL data in the TDB2 database;
the data query module is used for querying the stored data;
the data modification module is used for modifying the ifcOWL data and one or more pieces of data appointed in the IFC data, modifying the existing ifcOWL data through an API (application program interface) provided by Jena, positioning the IFC data to the position in the IFC data of the data according to the identification number, and modifying the IFC data;
the data deleting module is used for deleting the ifcOWL data and one or more pieces of data appointed in the IFC data, deleting the existing ifcOWL data through an API (application program interface) provided by Jena, positioning the IFC data to the position in the IFC data according to the identification number, and deleting the IFC data;
and the user interaction module provides a visual interaction interface which comprises data import, query condition selection, query result display, specified data modification, specified data deletion and system state display.
2. The IFC data management system of claim 1, wherein the data transformation module comprises an ifclowl ontology, an IFC-ifclowl mapping relation library, an IFC file logger, and an IFC-ifclowl transformer.
3. The IFC data management system of claim 1, wherein the data query module includes a library of predefined query sentences and a complete query sentence generator.
4. The IFC data management system of claim 1, wherein the data modification module comprises an IFC data modifier and an IFC data modifier.
5. The IFC data management system of claim 1, wherein the data deletion module comprises an ifclowl data deleter and an IFC data deleter.
6. An IFC data management method based on semantic network technology is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, reading an IFC data file into a memory, creating a unique identification number according to file characteristics, converting the IFC data into ifcOWL data by combining a body and an IFC-ifcOWL mapping relation library, wherein each piece of data has the identification number, and storing the ifcOWL data in a TDB2 database;
s2, inquiring ifcOWL data, and specifying an inquiry condition to execute the generated SPARQL statement on the ifcOWL data stored in the TDB2 data, wherein the result is displayed in a user interaction interface;
s3, IFC data modification, namely specifying an IFC file to be modified to obtain ifcOWL data in S1, inquiring whether the data to be modified exists or not based on S2, modifying the existing ifcOWL data through an API (application program interface) provided by Jena, positioning the data to the position in the IFC data according to an identification number, and modifying the IFC data;
and S4, deleting the IFC data, designating the IFC file to be deleted to obtain the ifcOWL data in S1, inquiring whether the data to be modified exists or not based on S2, deleting the existing ifcOWL data through an API provided by Jena, positioning the IFC data to the position in the IFC data according to the identification number, and deleting the IFC data.
7. The IFC data management method of claim 6 wherein the file characteristics in S1 include file name, size, and creation time.
8. The IFC data management method of claim 6, wherein the IFC file to be queried is specified in the user interaction module in S2.
9. The IFC data management method according to claim 6, wherein in S2, a SPARQL language is used to query IFC-OWL data, construct a query statement, and obtain a complete SPARQL query statement according to a specified query condition.
10. The IFC data management method according to claim 6, wherein, in the S4, only data associated with the deleted data in the ifclowl data and the IFC data is deleted.
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