CN112558161A - Well constraint earthquake low-frequency recovery method based on compressed sensing - Google Patents
Well constraint earthquake low-frequency recovery method based on compressed sensing Download PDFInfo
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- CN112558161A CN112558161A CN202011546748.3A CN202011546748A CN112558161A CN 112558161 A CN112558161 A CN 112558161A CN 202011546748 A CN202011546748 A CN 202011546748A CN 112558161 A CN112558161 A CN 112558161A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/40—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging
- G01V1/44—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging using generators and receivers in the same well
- G01V1/48—Processing data
- G01V1/50—Analysing data
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/60—Analysis
- G01V2210/61—Analysis by combining or comparing a seismic data set with other data
- G01V2210/616—Data from specific type of measurement
- G01V2210/6169—Data from specific type of measurement using well-logging
Abstract
The invention discloses a well-constrained earthquake low-frequency recovery method based on compressed sensing, which relates to the technical field of oil geophysical exploration and comprises the following steps: a1, well data processing: estimating reflection coefficients from well data
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geophysical exploration of petroleum, in particular to a well constraint earthquake low-frequency recovery method based on compressed sensing.
Background
The low-frequency information can reflect the basic trend of a stratum and improve the speed analysis precision and the imaging precision of a deep structure, but the low-frequency information of conventionally acquired seismic data can be seriously polluted by noise, the sparse characteristic of signals utilized by a compressive sensing theory maps unknown complete seismic data into known low-dimensional observation data through a measurement matrix, and the complete seismic data is recovered by solving an underdetermined equation set.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a well-constrained earthquake low-frequency recovery method based on compressed sensing, and solves the problem that the prior method is greatly influenced by noise and has poor low-frequency information recovery effect under the condition of heavy noise interference.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the above purposes, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a well constraint earthquake low-frequency recovery method based on compressed sensing comprises the following steps:
a1, well data processing: estimating reflection coefficients from well data
a2, extracting global static seismic wavelets and constructing a measurement matrix equation WF;
a3, initialization parameters: giving an initial reflection coefficient r0, the maximum iteration number Lin of an internal loop, the maximum iteration number Lout of an external loop and a residual error epsilon arbitrarily, wherein the initial iteration number k is 1;
a4、r0r0, outer loop: judge G-WFrk||2＞εand k≤Lout，r0＝rk-1And internal circulation: j is 0to Lin-1, and the reflection coefficient r is r at the time of terminationk，
a5, obtaining a spectrum R after frequency extension: r ═ Fr;
a6, obtaining a recovered spectrum G: g ═ L (r) + H (G), L, H are operators for extracting low-frequency and high-frequency spectral values, respectively;
a7, seismic data after low frequency recovery: g ═ F-1(G)。
Preferably, said T isλAs a function of the threshold value, said (WF)TIs the conjugate transpose of WF, the WF is a measurement matrix composed of wavelet operator and Fourier transform operator, the measurement matrix is composed of wavelet operator and Fourier transform operator
Is RwThe conjugate transpose of RwExtracting position information of corresponding well for sampling operator, wherein alpha value is larger than (WF)TThe maximum characteristic value of WF, and the lambda is the sparsity of the adjusting reflection coefficient.
Preferably, the inner loop and the outer loop perform: k is equal to k +1 and k is equal to k +1,
the reflection coefficient r ═ rkAnd G is Fourier transform of the noisy data.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the well-constrained earthquake low-frequency recovery method based on compressed sensing comprises the steps of carrying out sparse inversion on noise-containing data through a certain noise-containing earthquake record with the signal-to-noise ratio SNR of 3.14, as shown in figure 1 and figure 2, respectively adopting a classical compressed sensing low-frequency compensation method and a classical compressed sensing low-frequency compensation method to obtain a reflection coefficient graph 3 and figure 4 and a frequency spectrum graph 5 and figure 6 of the earthquake record after frequency broadening, further showing that the precision of the reflection coefficient based on compressed sensing theory inversion is low, partial noise remains exist, the reflection coefficient inverted by the method has high precision and does not contain the noise residue, comparing the frequency spectrum graphs before and after frequency broadening with the reflection coefficient graphs 5 and figure 6, the low-frequency information compensation effect based on compressed sensing theory compensation is poor, particularly the arrow head of the 4-10Hz low-frequency information graph 4 is not compensated, and the method is not influenced by noise ratio reduction, so that the low-frequency information is recovered, the frequency band is widened to a certain extent, namely the inversion process of well logging data constraint compressed sensing is adopted in the method, and the influence of strong noise on the inversion process is overcome, so that the problem that the low-frequency information recovery effect is poor under the condition of heavy noise interference due to large noise influence in the conventional method is solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the low frequency compensation effect of the present invention when SNR is 3.14 compared with noisy seismic data and its spectrum a noisy data;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the low frequency compensation effect of the present invention when SNR is 3.14 compared with noisy seismic data and its spectrum b noisy data;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the comparison of the low frequency compensation effect of the present invention when SNR is 3.14 with the reflection coefficient based on compressed sensing estimation and the recovered spectrum c noisy data;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a reflection coefficient spectrum based on compressed sensing estimation according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating the estimated reflection coefficient of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the estimated reflection coefficient and the recovered spectrum f according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, the present invention provides a technical solution: a well constraint earthquake low-frequency recovery method based on compressed sensing comprises the following steps:
a1, well data processing: estimating reflection coefficients from well data
a2, extracting global static seismic wavelets and constructing a measurement matrix equation WF;
a3, initialization parameters: giving an initial reflection coefficient r0, the maximum iteration number Lin of an internal loop, the maximum iteration number Lout of an external loop and a residual error epsilon arbitrarily, wherein the initial iteration number k is 1;
a4、r0r0, outer loop: judge G-WFrk||2＞εand k≤Lout，r0＝rk-1And internal circulation: j is 0to Lin-1, and the reflection coefficient r is r at the time of terminationk，
a5, obtaining a spectrum R after frequency extension: r ═ Fr;
a6, obtaining a recovered spectrum G: g ═ L (r) + H (G), L, H are operators for extracting low-frequency and high-frequency spectral values, respectively;
a7, seismic data after low frequency recovery: g ═ F-1(G)。
TλAs a function of the threshold value, said (WF)TIs the conjugate transpose of WF, the WF is a measurement matrix composed of wavelet operator and Fourier transform operator, the measurement matrix is composed of wavelet operator and Fourier transform operator
Is RwThe conjugate transpose of RwExtracting position information of corresponding well for sampling operator, wherein alpha value is larger than (WF)TThe maximum characteristic value of WF, and the lambda is the sparsity of the adjusting reflection coefficient.
Inner loop and outer loop execution: k is equal to k +1 and k is equal to k +1,
the reflection coefficient r ═ rkAnd G is Fourier transform of the noisy data.
The method comprises the following operation steps:
s1, well data processing: estimating reflection coefficients from well data
S2, extracting the global static seismic wavelet and constructing a measurement matrix equation WF;
s3, initialization parameters: giving an initial reflection coefficient r0, the maximum iteration number Lin of an internal loop, the maximum iteration number Lout of an external loop and a residual error epsilon arbitrarily, wherein the initial iteration number k is 1;
S4、r0r0, outer loop: judge G-WFrk||2＞εand k≤Lout，r0＝rk-1And internal circulation: j is 0to Lin-1, and the reflection coefficient r is r at the time of terminationk，
S5, obtaining a spectrum R after frequency broadening: r ═ Fr;
s6, obtaining a restored frequency spectrum G: g ═ L (r) + H (G), L, H are operators for extracting low-frequency and high-frequency spectral values, respectively;
s7, seismic data after low-frequency recovery: g ═ F-1(G)。
The above-mentioned embodiments, objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention are further described in detail, it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A well constraint earthquake low-frequency recovery method based on compressed sensing comprises the following steps:
a1, well data processing: estimating reflection coefficients from well data
a2, extracting global static seismic wavelets and constructing a measurement matrix equation WF;
a3, initialization parameters: giving an initial reflection coefficient r0, the maximum iteration number Lin of an internal loop, the maximum iteration number Lout of an external loop and a residual error epsilon arbitrarily, wherein the initial iteration number k is 1;
a4、r0r0, outer loop: judge G-WFrk||2＞εand k≤Lout，r0＝rk-1And internal circulation: j is 0to Lin-1, and the reflection coefficient r is r at the time of terminationk，
a5, obtaining a spectrum R after frequency extension: r ═ Fr;
a6, obtaining a recovered spectrum G: g ═ L (r) + H (G), L, H are operators for extracting low-frequency and high-frequency spectral values, respectively;
a7, seismic data after low frequency recovery: g ═ F-1(G)。
2. The method for seismic low frequency recovery based on compressive sensing of well constraints as defined in claim 1, wherein: the T isλAs a function of the threshold value, said (WF)TIs the conjugate transpose of WF, the WF is a measurement matrix composed of wavelet operator and Fourier transform operator, the measurement matrix is composed of wavelet operator and Fourier transform operator
Is RwThe conjugate transpose of RwExtracting position information of corresponding well for sampling operator, wherein alpha value is larger than (WF)TThe maximum characteristic value of WF, and the lambda is the sparsity of the adjusting reflection coefficient.
3. The method for seismic low frequency recovery based on compressive sensing of well constraints as defined in claim 1, wherein: the inner loop and the outer loop perform: k is equal to k +1 and k is equal to k +1,
the reflection coefficient r ═ rkAnd G is Fourier transform of the noisy data.
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