CN112557823A - Power transmission line fault positioning qualitative method based on time domain reflection technology - Google Patents
Power transmission line fault positioning qualitative method based on time domain reflection technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN112557823A CN112557823A CN202011409726.2A CN202011409726A CN112557823A CN 112557823 A CN112557823 A CN 112557823A CN 202011409726 A CN202011409726 A CN 202011409726A CN 112557823 A CN112557823 A CN 112557823A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
- G01R31/085—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution lines, e.g. overhead
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/088—Aspects of digital computing
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Abstract
The invention discloses a transmission line fault positioning qualitative method based on a time domain reflection technology, which comprises the following steps: s1, the fast edge signal emitter emits a step signal to the transmission line to be measured through the probe assembly; s2, the sampler receives the waveform signal returned from the power transmission line to be tested through the probe assembly; s3, transmitting the waveform signal to the host terminal through the wireless signal transmitter; and S4, the host terminal analyzes the waveform to determine the fault position and the fault type and sends out warning information. The invention not only can determine the position of the fault, but also establishes a waveform-fault mapping relation, and can judge the fault type according to the difference of the waveforms.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a power transmission infrastructure monitoring technology, in particular to a power transmission line fault positioning qualitative method based on a time domain reflection technology.
Background
The transmission line is one of the basic components of the national power grid. With the increase of the power grid density and the continuous increase of the transmission voltage, the faults of the lines are monitored in real time, and the working state of the health of the transmission lines can be guaranteed through accurate maintenance. The time domain reflectometer is an instrument for measuring the characteristic impedance of a transmission line, and measures the characteristic impedance by utilizing the time domain reflection principle. The fast edge signal emitted by the step source in the time domain reflectometer is injected into the transmission line to be measured. When the impedance of the transmission line changes, a part of the step signal is reflected back, and a part of the step signal continues to propagate forward. The reflected signal is superimposed on the injected step signal, which can be acquired by the oscilloscope. By measuring the time between the release of the reflection and the release of the low voltage pulse and knowing the propagation speed of the pulse, the distance to the reflection can be calculated and thus the distance to the point of failure. The fault type can also be determined according to the waveform of the change point of the signal curve. The 5G communication network technology has higher speed and lower delay, and can still ensure stable and good information transmission when being placed on a high-rise power transmission iron tower.
High-voltage transmission lines are mostly exposed to natural environment, the high-altitude climate is severe, and particularly, the transmission lines are damaged and break down in rainy, snowy and hail weather. However, the high-voltage transmission line is suspended above the high altitude, and the difficulty of troubleshooting is high. At present, the position of the domestic power transmission line fault positioning device is judged mostly through the change of current or electric field in a cable, the fault type is difficult to judge, and the device is not favorable for accurate maintenance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a transmission line fault positioning qualitative method based on a time domain reflection technology, which can accurately determine the fault position and the fault type of a transmission line in a monitoring network.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a transmission line fault positioning qualitative method based on time domain reflection technology adopts a time domain reflectometer, a probe assembly, a wireless signal emitter and a host terminal for matching analysis, wherein the time domain reflectometer is provided with a fast edge signal emitter, a sampler and a wireless signal emitter, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1, the fast edge signal emitter emits a step signal to the transmission line to be measured through the probe assembly;
s2, the sampler receives the waveform signal returned from the power transmission line to be tested through the probe assembly;
s3, transmitting the waveform signal to the host terminal through the wireless signal transmitter;
and S4, the host terminal analyzes the waveform to determine the fault position and the fault type and sends out warning information.
Preferably, the host terminal determines the fault location according to the signal curve change point:
the reflection coefficient is calculated by formula 1, the load impedance of the reflection voltage point is calculated by the reflection coefficient combined with formula 2,
and displaying a signal curve at the host terminal, wherein the curve has a one-to-one correspondence relation with each point of the transmission line, and the curve change point is the impedance change point in the transmission path, so that the position of the fault point of the transmission line can be obtained.
Preferably, the fault type is determined by the waveform of the change point according to a waveform-fault mapping relation chart.
Preferably, the parameters of the step signal are set as follows: amplitude 200mV, frequency 250kHz square wave, rise time: 35 ps.
According to the technical scheme, the fast edge signal emitter emits a fast edge step signal, signal reflection is generated at a fault position, a returned waveform is remotely transmitted back to the host terminal by the sampler through the wireless signal emitter for analysis, the fault position and the fault type are determined, warning information is sent out, the fault position can be determined, a waveform-fault mapping relation is established, and the fault type can be judged according to different waveforms.
The following detailed description of the present invention will be provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description below:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the overall system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a front-end acquisition module according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the time domain reflectometer of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the construction of the probe assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a solar panel arrangement for use with the present invention;
in the figure: the system comprises a time domain reflectometer 1, a probe assembly 2, a solar power generation panel 3, a power line 4, a bracket 5, a fixed support 6, a protective cover 7, a fast edge signal emitter 101, a sampler 102, a wireless signal emitter 103, a cable 201, a lock catch 202, a ceramic bolt 203 and a host terminal 8;
FIG. 6 is a lightning strike (counterstrike) fault waveform diagram;
FIG. 7 is a lightning strike (shielding failure) fault waveform diagram;
FIG. 8 is a comparison graph before and after an ice flash fault waveform;
FIG. 9 is a comparison of bird fault waveforms;
FIG. 10 is a comparison graph before and after a small animal fault waveform;
FIG. 11 is a comparison graph before and after a tree fault waveform;
FIG. 12 is a comparison graph of a dirty flash fault waveform;
fig. 13 is a comparison graph of metal ground fault waveforms.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that features from the examples and embodiments described below may be combined with each other without conflict.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, a transmission line fault location qualitative system based on the time domain reflection technology includes:
a front-end acquisition module: the front-end acquisition module comprises a time domain reflectometer 1 and a probe assembly 2 connected with the time domain reflectometer 1, the probe assembly 2 is connected with a power transmission line to be detected, the time domain reflectometer 1 is provided with a fast edge signal emitter 101, a sampler 102 and a wireless signal emitter 103, the fast edge signal emitter 101 emits a step signal to the power transmission line to be detected through the probe assembly 2, and the sampler 102 receives a waveform returned from the power transmission line to be detected through the probe assembly 2 and transmits the waveform to the terminal analysis module through the wireless signal emitter 103.
A terminal analysis module: the terminal analysis module comprises a host terminal 8, and the host terminal 8 analyzes the waveform, determines the fault position and the fault type and sends out warning information.
The N groups of front-end acquisition modules are integrated into the same terminal analysis module to form the system.
Specifically, the parameters of the step signal are set as follows: amplitude 200mV, frequency 250kHz square wave, rise time: 35 ps. And the host terminal determines the fault position according to the change point of the signal curve, and determines the fault type according to the waveform-fault mapping relation diagram by the waveform of the change point.
The working principle is as follows: the fast edge signal transmitter 101 in the time domain reflectometer 1 transmits a fast edge step signal (amplitude 200mV, frequency 250kHz square wave, rise time: 35ps) to the transmission line to be tested, and when the characteristic impedance of the transmission line changes, reflection occurs. The reflected signal and the injected signal have a certain time difference, so the edge of the superimposed signal collected by the sampler 102 is stepped, and the step reflects the time relation of signal propagation and reflection and corresponds to the electrical length of the transmission line. The superposed signal collected by the sampler 101 is transmitted back to the maintenance center host terminal through the wireless signal transmitter 103. The host terminal removes the injected signal and calculates the reflection coefficient by equation 1, and the reflection coefficient is combined with equation 2 to easily calculate the load impedance of the reflected voltage point.
The signal curve can be displayed at the host terminal, the curve has a one-to-one correspondence relation with each point of the transmission line, and the curve change point is the impedance change point in the transmission path, so that the position of the fault point of the transmission line can be obtained.
As shown in fig. 6 to 13, the waveform-fault mapping relationship diagram is referred to, the information of the fault type occurring in the power transmission line is judged according to different curve waveforms, and an alarm is issued, so that maintenance personnel can conveniently make a maintenance plan. As shown in fig. 6, within 20 μ s of the tail time of the wave, there is an obvious pulse with reversed polarity in front of the main wave, which is a counterattack fault. As shown in fig. 7, within 20 μ s of the tail time of the wave, there is no significant pulse of opposite polarity in front of the main wave, which is a failure in the detour. As shown in FIG. 8, high frequency harmonics exist before flashover, and no high frequency harmonics exist after flashover, so that the ice flashover fault can be analyzed and determined. As shown in FIG. 9, high-frequency harmonic characteristics exist before and after flashover, and the frequency of the wake wave is high, so that bird damage faults can be analyzed and determined. As shown in FIG. 10, high-frequency harmonic characteristics exist before and after flashover, the frequency of the tail wave is low, and the small animal fault can be analyzed and determined. As shown in FIG. 11, high-frequency harmonic characteristics exist before and after flashover, the frequency of the wake waves is moderate, and tree faults can be analyzed and determined. As shown in FIG. 12, high frequency harmonics exist before flashover, and no harmonics exist after flashover, so that the pollution flashover fault can be analyzed and determined. As shown in fig. 13, there is a small current before flashover, there is no high-frequency harmonic feature, and there is no current after flashover, so that the metal ground fault can be analyzed and determined.
As an implementation mode, the time domain reflectometer 1 is installed on a fixed support 6, the fixed support 6 is installed on a power transmission line iron tower, and a protective cover 7 for covering the time domain reflectometer 1 therein is arranged above the fixed support 6 to protect the time domain reflectometer 1. The fixed support 6 is a steel plate support welded on a power transmission line iron tower, and the protective cover 7 is a glass fiber reinforced plastic protective cover, so that the protective cover has good 5G signal passing capacity.
As shown in fig. 2 and 5, in order to ensure the power supply of the time domain reflectometer, the solar panel 3 is fixed in the open place above the protective cover 7 through the bracket 5, and the solar panel 3 is connected with the time domain reflectometer 1 through the power cord 4. The solar panel 3 faces the south, and the installation angle can be determined according to the installation position, for example, the inclination angle of the area south of the Yangtze river is 30 degrees, and the inclination angle of the area north of the Yangtze river is 45 degrees.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the probe assembly 2 includes a cable 201, one end of the cable is connected to a universal SMA interface, the universal SMA interface is connected to the time domain reflectometer 1, and the other end of the cable is connected to a latch 202 and a ceramic bolt 203, and is fastened to the transmission line to be tested through the latch 202 and the ceramic bolt 203, and can transmit a fast-edge step signal.
In the invention, the wireless signal transmitter can select the most advanced 5G signal transmitting device at present.
In addition, the power transmission line fault location qualitative system based on the time domain reflection technology provides a power transmission line fault location qualitative method based on the time domain reflection technology, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1, the fast edge signal emitter emits a step signal to the transmission line to be measured through the probe assembly;
s2, the sampler receives the waveform signal returned from the power transmission line to be tested through the probe assembly;
s3, transmitting the waveform signal to the host terminal through the wireless signal transmitter;
and S4, the host terminal analyzes the waveform to determine the fault position and the fault type and sends out warning information.
The following description is made of a specific application example:
a power transmission line network B in the southeast section of the city A is erected for 23 years, the year is long, and faults are easy to occur under severe weather conditions. Ten transmission lines are selected, the number of the transmission lines is 1-10, the front-end acquisition module is installed and integrated to the maintenance center terminal analysis module, and a monitoring system network of the front end of the terminal 10 is formed 1.
Fixing the device: the fixed support 6 is welded and fixed on the transmission tower, the solar power generation panel 3 is fixed on the fixed support 6 through the support 5, and the lock catch 202 in the probe assembly 2 is buckled on the transmission line to be detected and is screwed up by the ceramic bolt 203.
The instrument is set up: step signal settings in fast edge signal transmitter 101: amplitude 200mV, frequency 250kHz square wave, rise time: 35 ps. The solar power generation panel 3 faces the south, which is the area of south of the Yangtze river, so the inclination angle is made to be 30 degrees. The 10 groups of front-end acquisition modules are all arranged according to the method.
When the equipment is started, 10 TDR curves can be observed at the maintenance center computer host terminal, the curve catastrophe points are fault positions (the actual fault positions can be obtained according to the proportion because the curves correspond to the transmission lines one by one), and the fault types are determined according to the waveform of the change points and the waveform-fault mapping relation diagram. When the equipment is started, the computer terminal sends out an alarm: the curve of the No. 2 line appears abrupt change at 1540m, and the waveform of the abrupt change point is 2# waveform, and the condition that the foreign matter is attached to the power transmission line is judged. Line 5 at 742.8m and line 7 at 3422m appear as a 4# waveform, and the line is judged to be aged.
And (3) actual verification: the maintenance center immediately makes a maintenance plan, carries out field detection, finds bird feces at the position of a No. 2 line 1540.2m and attaches branches; the circuit was found to be significantly aged and slightly broken at 743m for line 5 and 3422m for line 7. The system can be verified to have a strong fault accurate positioning and qualitative function.
And when the system is installed at 6 pm on the 22 nd day, strong wind, strong rain and thunderstorm weather occurs, 1# waveforms are generated at multiple positions of ten groups of TDR curves, and early warning is given out to prompt that the power transmission line is in shaking. And giving a warning at 42 minutes at 7 pm, and judging that the insulator is damaged due to flashover discharge when a No. 6 waveform is generated due to sudden change of the curve at 2435m of the No. 8 line. Then, the maintenance center makes maintenance arrangement in time, and the insulators are replaced after severe weather is over, so that greater loss is avoided.
Other embodiments of the present invention than the preferred embodiments described above, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications according to the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention, should fall within the scope of the present invention defined in the claims.
Claims (4)
1. A transmission line fault positioning qualitative method based on time domain reflection technology adopts a time domain reflectometer, a probe assembly, a wireless signal emitter and a host terminal for matching analysis, wherein the time domain reflectometer is provided with a fast edge signal emitter, a sampler and a wireless signal emitter, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, the fast edge signal emitter emits a step signal to the transmission line to be measured through the probe assembly;
s2, the sampler receives the waveform signal returned from the power transmission line to be tested through the probe assembly;
s3, transmitting the waveform signal to the host terminal through the wireless signal transmitter;
and S4, the host terminal analyzes the waveform to determine the fault position and the fault type and sends out warning information.
2. The transmission line fault location qualitative method based on the time domain reflection technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: the host terminal determines the fault position according to the signal curve change point:
the reflection coefficient is calculated by formula 1, the load impedance of the reflection voltage point is calculated by the reflection coefficient combined with formula 2,
and displaying a signal curve at the host terminal, wherein the curve has a one-to-one correspondence relation with each point of the transmission line, and the curve change point is the impedance change point in the transmission path, so that the position of the fault point of the transmission line can be obtained.
3. The transmission line fault location qualitative method based on the time domain reflection technology according to claim 2, characterized in that: and determining the fault type according to the waveform-fault mapping relation diagram by the waveform of the change point.
4. The transmission line fault location qualitative method based on the time domain reflection technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: the parameters of the step signal are set as follows: amplitude 200mV, frequency 250kHz square wave, rise time: 35 ps.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114137364A (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-03-04 | 天津航空机电有限公司 | Interference wave elimination method based on time domain reflection method |
| CN116973673A (en) * | 2023-09-25 | 2023-10-31 | 中国电子产品可靠性与环境试验研究所（（工业和信息化部电子第五研究所）（中国赛宝实验室）） | Failure positioning method, device and system of electronic device and computer equipment |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108333476A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-07-27 | 中国人民解放军海军航空大学 | A kind of cable fault TDR localization methods and system considering cable attenuation characteristic |
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- 2020-12-04 CN CN202011409726.2A patent/CN112557823A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108333476A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-07-27 | 中国人民解放军海军航空大学 | A kind of cable fault TDR localization methods and system considering cable attenuation characteristic |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114137364A (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-03-04 | 天津航空机电有限公司 | Interference wave elimination method based on time domain reflection method |
| CN114137364B (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2024-02-09 | 天津航空机电有限公司 | Interference wave elimination method based on time domain reflection method |
| CN116973673A (en) * | 2023-09-25 | 2023-10-31 | 中国电子产品可靠性与环境试验研究所（（工业和信息化部电子第五研究所）（中国赛宝实验室）） | Failure positioning method, device and system of electronic device and computer equipment |
| CN116973673B (en) * | 2023-09-25 | 2024-01-05 | 中国电子产品可靠性与环境试验研究所（（工业和信息化部电子第五研究所）（中国赛宝实验室）） | Failure positioning method, device and system of electronic device and computer equipment |
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