CN112557426B - Measuring instrument for heat value, ash content, moisture content and carbon of X-ray coal and measuring method thereof - Google Patents
Measuring instrument for heat value, ash content, moisture content and carbon of X-ray coal and measuring method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an X-ray measuring instrument for the calorific value, ash content, moisture and carbon of coal and a measuring method thereof "The device comprises an acquisition device, a measurement device (comprising an X-ray source and an X-ray detector), a discharging device and a data acquisition controller. The data acquisition controller receives the X-ray detector signal U 0 ，U 1 And a signal Q measured by a static coal quality parameter detector Label (C) 、A Label (C) 、M Label (C) 、V Label (C) And calculate the coal quality parameter heat value Q according to the measured mathematical model Measuring Ash A Measuring Moisture M Measuring Carbon C Measuring . The patent also discloses a measuring method thereof. The X-ray measuring instrument for the heat value, ash content, moisture and carbon of the coal can be applied to various fields of coal production, processing and utilization, and realizes the off-line rapid measurement and on-line real-time measurement of the coal in the production process. It has important significance for improving the quality of the product coal, improving the utilization rate of the coal, improving the combustion efficiency and reducing the emission.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to off-line and on-line measurement of coal quality parameters and coal heat values, in particular to measurement of coal quality parameters and heat values by adopting an X-ray technology.
Background
The method has the advantages that the method is large in coal production, the yield is the first in the world, coal is one of main energy sources in China, the pattern of taking coal as the main energy source is difficult to change in a short period, the coal distribution in China is wide, the production area is multiple, the coal types are various, the coal quality change is large, a lot of difficulties are brought to coal production, processing and utilization, the rapid detection and online detection of coal quality parameters can provide necessary coal quality parameter data for the automatic control in the fields of coal production, processing, utilization and the like, and the method has important significance for improving the product quality, controlling the coal utilization rate in a refined manner, reducing the consumption and reducing the pollution emission.
As early as nineties of the last century, online detection of coal quality parameters was carried out in succession in countries around the world, such as CQM, ECA, 1812 and C, UR neutron activation method coal quality analysis series products produced in the united states, the COALSA3500 dual-energy gamma-ray ash online detector produced in australia, the LB400 dual-energy gamma-ray type produced in germany, and dual-energy gamma-ray type carbon powder of the university of bloom were also used for online detection, and in addition, the measurement of coal moisture and the like by a microwave method was not seen until the present position, the adoption of an X-ray method for coal quality parameters: and measuring a plurality of coal parameters such as heat value, ash content, moisture, carbon and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problems that:
1. according to the industrial analysis method of coal quality and the interaction principle of rays and substances, a functional relation between the coal quality parameters and X-ray measurement is established, and the pair X of the coal quality parameters (heat value, ash, moisture and carbon) is derived i Is a mathematical model of (a);
2. establishing coal quality parameters and measurementsThe parameter database adopts the method of automatic tracking and automatic correction of the measured parameters to lead the measured parameters K to be Q 、K A 、K M 、K C Static measurement parameter Q along with coal quality Label (C) 、A Label (C) 、M Label (C) 、V Label (C) The change is changed, and the problem of measuring the large change of the parameters of various coals and the coal quality is solved;
3. the measuring method solves the problems of static (off-line) rapid measurement and real-time on-line measurement of coal quality parameters.
The industrial analysis method of the coal quality gives that the coal consists of moisture, ash, carbon and volatile matters, and also indicates the mass percentage relation of the constituent materials: m+a+c+v=1, "law of interaction between substance and radiation" gives how much substance absorbs X-rays and the mass of the substance and the radiation attenuation coefficient μ of the substance ρ According to the relation of the interaction law of substances and rays, the measured coal is measured by X-rays:
s-measuring area when measuring coal to be measured by X-ray;
if the total weight of the coal to be measured is W Total (S) The following steps are:
Thereby measuring the coal quality parameter Q of the coal sample by using the static coal quality parameter detector Label (C) 、M Label (C) 、A Label (C) 、C Label (C) 、V Label (C) As standard value pair X i The measurement parameter K can be obtained by calibration Q 、K M 、K A 、K C The mathematical model of measurement is:
Q measuring ＝K Q ×Q Meter with a meter body
Q Meter with a meter body ＝C 0 -K 1 ×M Measuring -K 2 ×A Measuring -K 3 ×V Label (C)
Wherein K is Q 、K M 、K A 、K C -calibration coefficients;
C 0 、K 1 、K 2 、K 3 -calculating formula coefficients for the heating value;
its measurement parameter K Q 、K M 、K A 、K C Is an automatic tracking Q Label (C) 、M Label (C) 、A Label (C) 、C Label (C) And follow Q Label (C) 、M Label (C) 、A Label (C) 、C Label (C) And changes from variation to variation.
In summary, the invention is characterized in that four coal quality parameters Q are measured simultaneously by an X-ray source and an X-ray detector Measuring 、M Measuring 、A Measuring 、C Measuring And four measured parameters K of four coal parameters Q 、K M 、K A 、K C Is along with Q Label (C) 、M Label (C) 、A Label (C) 、C Label (C) And changes.
An 'X-ray coal calorific value, ash content, moisture and charcoal measuring instrument', which is characterized by comprising the following components: acquisition device, measurement device, cylinder device and data acquisition controller
The collecting device is used for collecting the coal to be measured and sending the coal to be measured to the measuring device;
the measuring device (comprising an X-ray source and an X-ray detector) is used for conveying the coal to be measured to an X-ray measuring area and measuring;
an X-ray source for emitting X-rays;
an X-ray detector for receiving X-rays and converting the X-rays into an electrical signal U 0 ，U i The X-ray source and the X-ray detector together form an X-ray measuring area;
the discharging device is used for discharging the coal to be tested;
the instrument shell and the bracket are used for installing various parts;
a data acquisition controller for receiving the X-ray detector signal U 0 ，U i And receiving Q measured by a static coal quality parameter detector Label (C) 、A Label (C) 、M Label (C) 、V Label (C) A signal;
the data acquisition controller is based on the signal U 0 ，U i And Q Label (C) 、A Label (C) 、M Label (C) 、V Label (C) Calculating one or more coal quality parameters according to a mathematical model established by a radiation measurement method:
execution value Q Measuring ＝K Q ×Q Meter with a meter body …………(4)
Q of which Meter with a meter body ＝C 0 -K 1 ×A Measuring -K 2 ×M Measuring -K 3 ×V Label (C) …………(5)
In U 0 -the X-ray detector output signal when no material is present;
U i -the X-ray detector outputs a signal when there is a measured material;
K A 、K M 、K C 、K Q -a calibration coefficient or measurement parameter;
C 0 、K 1 、K 2 、K 3 -heating value calculation formula coefficients.
The X-ray coal heat value, ash content, moisture and carbon measuring instrument is characterized in that the calibration coefficient K A 、K M 、K C 、K Q Based on the coal quality parameter Q measured by a static detector Label (C) 、A Label (C) 、M Label (C) 、V Label (C) And to X i Determined by calibration and automatically tracked Q by adopting a database and a data processing method Label (C) 、A Label (C) 、M Label (C) 、V Label (C) Automatic correction of variation in K A 、K M 、K C 、K Q The value is K A 、K M 、K C 、K Q Value with Q Label (C) 、A Label (C) 、M Label (C) 、V Label (C) And changes from variation to variation.
The X-ray coal heat value, ash content, moisture and carbon measuring instrument is characterized in that the coefficient C 0 、K 1 、K 2 、K 3 The Q in the database is determined or utilized according to a coal heat value calculation formula Label (C) 、A Label (C) 、M Label (C) 、V Label (C) And a data processing method.
The X-ray coal heat value, ash content, moisture and carbon measuring instrument is characterized in that the measuring device is a conveyor, a measuring pipe or a measuring cup; the collecting device is a coal sample sampler, a sampling conveyor or a blanking hopper; the unloading device is a conveyor, an unloading machine or a gate.
The 'an X-ray coal calorific value, ash content, moisture and charcoal measuring instrument' is characterized in that the tube voltage of the X-ray source is less than 100KV, and the tube current is less than 1mA; the X-ray detector is a scintillation counter, or an ionization chamber, or a semiconductor detector, or a counting tube.
The measurement method adopted by the X-ray coal heat value, ash content, moisture and charcoal measuring instrument is a radiation measurement method, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
Step 2-1, when no coal is detected, measuring zero point U 0 ；
Data acquisition control receives X-ray detector output signal U when no coal is detected i And calculate
n 1 -number of acquisitions;
step 2-2, inputting the coal to be measured for measurement;
the data acquisition controller acquires a detector signal U i And calculate
n 2 Measuring time, randomly collecting coal samples of the measured coal while measuring, and sealing the collected coal samples into a detection chamber for measurement;
step 2-3, measuring the collected coal sample parameters Q by adopting a static coal quality parameter detector Label (C) 、A Label (C) And C Label (C) 、M Label (C) 、V Label (C) And inputs the data into a data acquisition controller;
step 2-4, the data acquisition controller is according to the signal U 0 ，U i Calculating
According to Q Label (C) 、A Label (C) 、M Label (C) 、C Label (C) For X i Calibrating to obtain calibration data, and storing the calibration data into a database;
step 2-5, repeating the step 2-4 for N times, storing the calibration data of N times in the database, and calculating the coefficient K by the data acquisition controller according to the N times of data stored in the database by adopting a data processing method A 、K M 、K C And K Q And K is taken up A 、K M 、K C 、K Q Storing the measured parameters into a database, and determining the measured parameters;
step 3-1, when no coal is detected, measuring zero point U 0 ；
Data acquisition control acquires X-ray detector output signal U i And calculate
n 1 -number of acquisitions;
step 3-2, inputting the coal to be measured for measurement;
the data acquisition controller acquires X-ray detector signals U i And calculate
n 2 -number of acquisitions of measurement time;
step 3-3, the data acquisition controller is used for acquiring the data according to U 0 ，U i Calculating
And retrieving the measured parameter K from the database A 、K M 、K C 、K Q And calculating a heat value calculation formula:
A measuring ＝K A ×X i
M Measuring ＝K M ×X i
C Measuring ＝K C ×X i
Q Measuring ＝K Q ×Q Meter with a meter body
Q Meter with a meter body ＝C 0 -K 1 ×M Measuring -K 2 ×A Measuring -K 3 ×V Label (C)
The coal quality parameter value of one measurement time is given above;
step 3-4, repeating the steps 3-2 and 3-3, continuously measuring, and giving out detection data of the coal quality parameters in real time;
and 3-5, calibrating the inspection instrument and inspecting the measurement accuracy at any time.
The coal sample of the coal to be measured can be collected at any time in the measuring process.
Q of coal sample measured by adopting coal quality parameter static detector Label (C) 、A Label (C) 、M Label (C) 、V Label (C) And input it into a data acquisition controller, which according to the newly given Q Label (C) 、A Label (C) 、M Label (C) 、V Label (C) And calculating new measurement parameters K by calibrated historical data stored in a database A 、K M 、K C 、K Q Store in database, realize K A 、K M 、K C 、K Q Follow Q Label (C) 、A Label (C) 、M Label (C) 、V Label (C) And changes from variation to variation.
The X-ray coal heat value, ash content, carbon and moisture measuring instrument can be applied to various fields of coal production, processing and utilization, and can realize off-line rapid measurement of coal quality parameters and on-line measurement in the production process of coal production, processing and utilization, and the on-line measurement is shown in figures 1, 2,3 and 4.
Drawings
Fig. 1X is a schematic diagram of an on-line measuring instrument for heat value, ash content, moisture content and carbon of the ray coal applied to a production site.
1-1 a loading belt conveyor (user field device);
1-2 receiving hoppers;
1-1,1-2 constitute the acquisition device;
2-a user production field belt conveyor, namely a measuring device;
a 3-X-ray source;
a 4-X-ray detector;
7-a data acquisition controller;
8-material, namely tested coal;
10-laser thickness gauge.
Fig. 2 and X are schematic diagrams of offline measuring instruments for heat value, ash content, moisture content and carbon of the ray coal.
1-a receiving hopper and a manual feeding device together form a material collecting device;
2-measuring tube, i.e. measuring device;
a 3-X-ray source;
a 4-X-ray detector;
5-gate, i.e. discharge device;
6-instrument housing and rack;
7-a data acquisition controller;
8-material, namely tested coal;
11-crusher.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an on-line measurement of a sample using a weight sampler.
1-1 weight sampler (user field device);
1-2 receiving hoppers;
1-1,1-2 constitute a collecting device;
2-belt conveyor, i.e. measuring device;
a 3-X-ray source;
a 4-X-ray detector;
7-a data acquisition controller;
8-material, namely tested coal;
10-angle position gauge.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an on-line measurement using screw conveyor sampling.
1-1 a material taking screw conveyor;
1-2 receiving hoppers;
1-1,1-2 constitute the acquisition device;
2-measuring tube, i.e. measuring device;
a 3-X-ray source;
a 4-X-ray detector;
5-a discharge screw conveyor, i.e. a discharge device;
6-instrument housing and rack;
7-a data acquisition controller;
8-material, namely tested coal;
13-blanking pipe (Power plant pulverizing system equipment)
Detailed Description
The invention relates to an X-ray coal heat value, ash content, moisture and carbon measuring instrument (the above is referred to as a coal quality parameter measuring instrument) which can be applied to off-line and on-line measurement of various production processes of coal production, processing and utilization, and the structural forms of a collecting device and a measuring device of the measuring instrument are changed along with different field conditions to adapt to various field measurement requirements, but the main function is that the measured coal is sent to an X-ray measuring area unchanged anyway, the measuring method is also unchanged, and application examples of various fields are given in fig. 1-4, and patent implementation is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a "coal quality parameter measuring instrument" mounted on a belt conveyor of a user production site, the belt conveyor of the user is used as a measuring device of the "coal quality parameter measuring instrument", a front conveyor (1-1) of the user and a hopper (1-2) of the measuring instrument form a collecting device, an X-ray source and an X-ray detector are mounted above and below the belt conveyor, and a laser thickness gauge is further arranged above the belt conveyor and used for measuring the thickness of coal conveyed by the belt conveyor so as to measure the thickness of the coal conveyed by the belt conveyor i Correcting, the data acquisition controller receives the X-ray detector signal U i And Q measured by a static coal quality parameter detector Label (C) 、A Label (C) 、M Label (C) 、V Label (C) And calculate Q according to the measurement mathematical model Measuring 、A Measuring 、M Measuring 、C Measuring 。
FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the offline rapid measurement configuration of the "coal quality parameter measuring instrument". The measuring tube is used as a measuring device, the X-ray source and the X-ray detector are arranged on two sides of the measuring tube, the gate is used as a discharging device, the gate is closed during measurement, the X-ray source and the X-ray detector measure the coal to be measured in the measuring tube, after the measurement is completed, the gate is opened to discharge the coal to be measured, if the granularity of the coal to be measured which is manually collected is uneven or too large, a crusher (11) can be arranged on the coal quality parameter measuring instrument, the collected coal sample is crushed firstly, and then the crushed coal sample is manually poured into the coal quality parameter measuring instrument to be measured.
The measuring instrument has short measuring time (1-3 minutes), can timely guide the control of the production process, can save the sample preparation procedure of the existing burning method coal quality parameter measurement, and saves time, manpower and material resources.
FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of "coal quality parameter measuring instrument" for collecting coal samples from coal conveyed by a belt conveyor during production of users, sampling and measuring, in which a heavy hammer sampler is commonly used in the conventional coal production, processing and utilization processes, the coal samples are collected from the coal conveyed by the conveyor, and then Q is measured by a static coal quality parameter detector Label (C) 、A Label (C) 、M Label (C) 、V Label (C) . The coal quality parameter measuring instrument can replace a static coal quality parameter detector, and is arranged behind a heavy hammer sampler to receive a sampler coal sample for quick measurement.
In the figure, a belt conveyor (2) is used as a measuring device, a heavy hammer type sampler (1-1) and a hopper (1-2) are used as collecting devices, an angular displacement thickness gauge (10) is arranged above the belt conveyor and used for measuring the thickness of coal to be measured, if the heavy hammer type sampler collects coal samples and has too large granularity or uneven granularity, a crusher can be arranged between the heavy hammer type sampler and the hopper, the coal samples are crushed, and the crushed coal samples enter a coal quality parameter measuring instrument for detection.
Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of the application of the "coal quality parameter measuring instrument" to the coal powder preparation system of the coal-fired power plant, wherein the "coal quality parameter measuring instrument" is installed at the blanking pipe (13) in front of the coal feeder of the coal powder preparation system equipment, and the coal in the blanking pipe is sampled and measured.
The sampling screw conveyor (1-1) and the hopper (1-2) form a collecting device, and a crusher can be arranged between the sampling screw conveyor and the hopper to crush coal samples if the granularity of the coal is too large; the measuring tube (2) is used as a measuring device, and the X-ray source (3) and the X-ray detector (4) are arranged on two sides of the measuring tube; the unloading screw conveyor (5) is used as an unloading device, the coal quality parameter measuring instrument can measure the coal quality parameter of the coal of the unloading pipe in real time, and realizes the on-line measurement of the heat quantity of the coal and the control of the heat quantity of the coal entering the furnace together with the weight of the coal measured by a coal feeder of a coal powder preparation system device of a power plant, thereby having important significance on the combustion stability of a boiler, the improvement of the combustion efficiency and the reduction of the emission.
According to the technical characteristics of the patent and different conditions of a user site, a person skilled in the art can make various different embodiments, and one or more coal quality parameters can be measured, but the embodiments are specific embodiments of the technical characteristics of the patent and belong to the protection scope of the patent.
Claims (6)
1. An X-ray coal calorific value, ash content, moisture and charcoal measuring instrument is characterized by comprising a collecting device, a measuring device, a discharging device and a data collecting controller;
the collecting device is used for collecting the coal to be measured and sending the coal to be measured to the measuring device;
the measuring device comprises an X-ray source and an X-ray detector and is used for conveying the coal to be measured to an X-ray measuring area and measuring;
an X-ray source for emitting X-rays;
an X-ray detector for receiving X-rays and converting the X-rays into an electrical signal U 0 ，U i The X-ray source and the X-ray detector together form an X-ray measuring area;
the discharging device is used for discharging the coal to be tested;
the instrument shell and the bracket are used for installing various parts;
a data acquisition controller for receiving the X-ray detector signal U 0 ，U i And receiving Q measured by a static coal quality parameter detector Label (C) 、A Label (C) 、M Label (C) 、V Label (C) A signal;
the data acquisition controller is based on the signal U 0 ，U i And Q Label (C) 、A Label (C) 、M Label (C) 、V Label (C) And simultaneously calculating the following coal quality parameters according to a mathematical model established by a radiation measurement method:
heat value Q Measuring ＝K Q ×Q Meter with a meter body …………(4)
Wherein Q is Meter with a meter body ＝C 0 -K 1 ×A Measuring -K 2 ×M Measuring -K 3 ×V Label (C) …………(5)
In U 0 -the X-ray detector output signal when no material is present;
U i -the X-ray detector outputs a signal when there is a measured material;
K A 、K M 、K C 、K Q -a calibration coefficient or measurement parameter;
C 0 、K 1 、K 2 、K 3 -heating value calculation formula coefficients.
2. An X-ray coal calorific value, ash content, moisture content and char measuring instrument according to claim 1, wherein said calibration coefficient K A 、K M 、K C 、K Q Is based on the coal quality parameter Q measured by a static coal quality parameter detector Label (C) 、A Label (C) 、M Label (C) 、V Label (C) And to X i Determined by calibration and automatically tracked Q by adopting a database and a data processing method Label (C) 、A Label (C) 、M Label (C) 、V Label (C) Automatic correction of variation in K A 、K M 、K C 、K Q The value is K A 、K M 、K C 、K Q Value with Q Label (C) 、A Label (C) 、M Label (C) 、V Label (C) And changes from variation to variation.
3. An X-ray coal calorific value, ash content, moisture content and char measuring instrument according to claim 1, wherein the calorific value calculation formula coefficient C 0 、K 1 、K 2 、K 3 The Q in the database is determined or utilized according to a coal heat value calculation formula Label (C) 、A Label (C) 、M Label (C) 、V Label (C) And a data processing method.
4. An X-ray coal calorific value, ash content, moisture and char measuring instrument according to claim 1, wherein the measuring device is a conveyor, either a measuring tube or a measuring cup; the collecting device is a coal sample sampler, a sampling conveyor or a blanking hopper; the discharge device is a conveyor or a discharge machine or a gate.
5. The X-ray coal calorific value, ash content, moisture and char measuring instrument according to claim 1, wherein the tube voltage of the X-ray source is less than 100KV and the tube current is less than 1mA; the X-ray detector is a scintillation counter, or an ionization chamber, or a semiconductor detector, or a counting tube.
6. A measuring method using the measuring instrument for the calorific value, ash content, moisture content and carbon of the X-ray coal according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, initializing an instrument, and inputting various constants and a heating value calculation formula;
step 2, calibrating K A 、K M 、K C 、K Q ；
Step 2-1, when no coal is detected, measuring zero point U 0 ；
When the data acquisition control is carried out without coal to be detected, the output signal U of the X-ray detector is received k And calculate
n 1 -number of acquisitions;
step 2-2, inputting tested coal, and measuring;
the data acquisition controller acquires a detector signal U m And calculate
n 2 Measuring time, randomly collecting coal samples of the measured coal while measuring, and sealing the collected coal samples into a detection chamber for measurement;
step 2-3, measuring the collected coal quality parameters Q of the coal sample by adopting a static coal quality parameter detector Label (C) 、A Label (C) And C Label (C) 、M Label (C) 、V Label (C) And inputs the data into a data acquisition controller;
step 2-4, the data acquisition controller is according to the signal U 0 ，U i Calculating
Q detected by a static coal quality parameter detector Label (C) 、A Label (C) 、M Label (C) 、C Label (C) For X i Calibrating to obtain calibration data, and storing the calibration data into a database;
step 2-5, repeating the step 2-4 for N times, storing N times of calibration data in a database, and calibrating a coefficient K by a data acquisition controller according to the N times of data stored in the database by adopting a data processing method A 、K M 、K C And K Q And K is taken up A 、K M 、K C 、K Q Storing the measured parameters into a database, and determining the measured parameters;
step 3, measuring;
step 3-1, in the absence of the testWhen coal, measuring zero point U 0 ；
The data acquisition controller acquires an output signal U of the X-ray detector k And calculate
n 1 -number of acquisitions;
step 3-2, inputting the coal to be measured for measurement;
the data acquisition controller acquires X-ray detector signals U m And calculate
n 2 -number of acquisitions of measurement time;
step 3-3, the data acquisition controller is used for acquiring the data according to U 0 ，U i Calculating
And retrieving the measured parameter K from the database A 、K M 、K C 、K Q Coefficient C of heat value calculation formula 0 、K 1 、K 2 、K 3 And (3) calculating:
A measuring ＝K A ×X i
M Measuring ＝K M ×X i
C Measuring ＝K C ×X i
Q Measuring ＝K Q ×Q Meter with a meter body
Q Meter with a meter body ＝C 0 -K 1 ×M Measuring -K 2 ×A Measuring -K 3 ×V Label (C)
The coal quality parameter value of one measurement time is given above;
step 3-4, repeating the steps 3-2 and 3-3, continuously measuring, and giving out detection data of the coal quality parameters in real time;
step 3-5, calibrating the inspection instrument and inspecting and measuring accuracy at any time;
the coal sample of the coal to be measured can be collected at any time in the measuring process;
q of coal sample measured by adopting coal quality parameter static detector Label (C) 、A Label (C) 、M Label (C) 、V Label (C) And input it into a data acquisition controller, which according to the newly given Q Label (C) 、A Label (C) 、M Label (C) 、V Label (C) And calculating new measurement parameters K by calibrated historical data stored in a database A 、K M 、K C 、K Q Store in database, realize K A 、K M 、K C 、K Q Follow Q Label (C) 、A Label (C) 、M Label (C) 、V Label (C) And changes from variation to variation.
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