CN112556560B - Device and method for monitoring relative slippage of deep soil - Google Patents
Device and method for monitoring relative slippage of deep soil Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a device for monitoring relative slippage of deep soil, which comprises a detection part, a switching part, a conversion part and a processing part, wherein the detection part is used for detecting the relative slippage of deep soil; the detection part is arranged in the monitored soil and moves along with the monitored soil, the detection part is connected with the conversion part through the switching part, the displacement of the detection part is converted into corresponding electric signals through the conversion part, and the processing part is connected with the conversion part and is used for converting the electric signals into the slippage and the slippage direction angle of the monitored soil; the device detects the sliding azimuth angle and the sliding quantity of deep soil relative to surface soil through a pure mechanical structure, and solves the problems of limited service life and high failure rate of the existing device caused by deeply burying a sensor circuit part in the soil. The invention also provides a method for obtaining the soil slippage and the slippage direction angle by using the monitoring device, the actual coordinate of the sliding block is calculated by two groups of capacitor pole plates and converted into the polar coordinate, and the actual slippage and the slippage direction angle of the soil can be visually obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geological disaster monitoring, in particular to a device and a method for monitoring relative slippage of deep soil.
Background
The side slope landslide is a very serious geological disaster and can bring very large life and property losses to people; in order to prevent the occurrence of the side slope landslide phenomenon, the method for monitoring the state of the side slope body in real time is an effective and necessary method; currently, the real-time monitoring of the side slope is divided into two types, namely surface soil slippage monitoring and deep soil slippage monitoring (the depth below the ground is the deep soil, the monitoring depth is different according to the monitoring requirements, and the depth range is usually from zero to dozens of meters in the actual engineering monitoring), the surface soil slippage monitoring is usually easier because the surface soil slippage monitoring is positioned on the surface layer, for example, the slippage trend of the surface soil can be monitored conveniently and accurately by arranging a Beidou displacement monitoring station on the surface soil; the current common technical scheme is that a hole is drilled on a landslide body, then a group of deep level displacement measurement sensors are installed, and the displacement sensors are driven to incline to reversely deduce a slippage azimuth angle and a slippage value after soil slippage;
the method for measuring the slippage of deep soil by arranging a group of deep displacement sensors through drilling measuring holes has the following defects:
firstly, the main part of the sensor is completely buried in the soil, and the sensor is easy to have line faults after being corroded for a long time, so that the sensor fails;
secondly, the deep displacement sensor has high manufacturing cost, is used in groups every time, and needs to drill a deep detection hole (generally drilled to a rock stratum), and the engineering cost for monitoring the side slope slippage condition by adopting the scheme is very high;
thirdly, when the failure of a single sensor in the group affects the normal use of other sensors in the same group, the result that all the sensors in the whole detection hole cannot be used normally after one sensor fails is often generated;
in addition, chinese patent application No. 201920732282.2 discloses a capacitor-based soil mass deformation observation device, which measures the absolute value of the vertical settlement of soil based on the capacitance change, but because the whole device is buried in the soil mass, the capacitance calculation formula of the capacitor is C = epsilon S/d, wherein the dielectric constant epsilon has a large relationship with the environment, the air moisture content, the temperature and humidity, the charge change and the like between two polar plates can cause the change of epsilon, the environment in the soil is very harsh, the humidity change is large, the conditions such as rainwater soaking and the like are serious, so the influence on epsilon is also large, and the measurement result is easy to be inaccurate. In addition, the scheme is used for measuring the settlement of the soil in the vertical direction, and the slip direction angle of the soil cannot be measured, so that the scheme cannot be used for monitoring the slip of the deep soil.
In view of the above, there is a need for a device and a method for monitoring relative slippage of deep soil to solve the problems in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device for monitoring relative slippage of deep soil, which aims to solve the problems of the prior art on slippage of deep soil, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
a monitoring device for the relative slippage of deep soil comprises a detection part, a switching part, a conversion part and a processing part; the detection part is arranged in the monitored soil and moves along with the monitored soil, the detection part is connected with the conversion part through the switching part, the displacement of the detection part is converted into a corresponding electric signal through the conversion part, and the processing part is connected with the conversion part and is used for converting the electric signal into the slippage and the slippage direction angle of the monitored soil;
the switching part comprises a sliding block, a first capacitor movable polar plate and a first capacitor fixed polar plate which are oppositely arranged, and a second capacitor movable polar plate and a second capacitor fixed polar plate which are oppositely arranged, the sliding block is connected with the switching part, and the switching part drives the sliding block to move in a first direction and a second direction; the first capacitor movable polar plate moves in the first direction along with the sliding block, and the second capacitor movable polar plate moves in the second direction along with the sliding block, so that the distance between the first capacitor movable polar plate and the first capacitor fixed polar plate and the distance between the second capacitor movable polar plate and the second capacitor fixed polar plate are changed, and the displacement of the detection part is converted into two groups of capacitance values.
Preferably, in the above technical solution, the conversion part further includes a second sliding shaft, a second base shaft, a first base shaft and a first sliding shaft, the two second base shafts and the two first base shafts are arranged at intervals and are sequentially connected to form a square frame, two ends of the second sliding shaft are respectively slidably connected with the second base shaft, and two ends of the first sliding shaft are respectively slidably connected with the first base shaft;
the second sliding shaft and the first sliding shaft are both connected with the sliding block in a sliding manner, so that the sliding block can slide along a first direction and a second direction; the first capacitor movable polar plate is arranged at the end part of the first sliding shaft, the second capacitor movable polar plate is arranged at the end part of the second sliding shaft, and the first capacitor fixed polar plate and the second capacitor fixed polar plate are fixedly arranged on the square frame.
Preferably, the box further comprises a box body and a top cover, wherein the top cover is arranged at the upper opening of the box body; the conversion part is arranged on the lower surface of the top cover; the tip of first base axle and second base axle all sets up on the erection column, first condenser is decided polar plate and second condenser and is decided polar plate all fixed setting on the erection column, the erection column set up in on the lower surface of top cap.
Preferably, in the above technical solution, the switching part is disposed in the box body, the switching part includes a connecting rod, a first movable universal joint, a fixed universal joint, a proportional rod and a second movable universal joint, the connecting rod is provided with a spherical protrusion, a base is disposed on a lower panel of the box body and provided with a cavity matched with the spherical protrusion, the connecting rod penetrates through a lower panel of the box body and the base, and the connecting rod is movably disposed in the cavity through the spherical protrusion; the fixed universal joint is arranged on the side wall of the box body, the rod body of the proportion rod is movably connected with the fixed universal joint, one end of the proportion rod is connected with the end of the connecting rod through the first movable universal joint, and the other end of the proportion rod is movably connected with the sliding rod below the sliding block through the second movable universal joint.
Preferably, in the above technical scheme, the fixed universal joint is arranged on the side wall of the box body through a fixed rod, and a middle sleeve in the fixed universal joint is slidably sleeved on the rod body of the proportional rod; and a sleeve shifting fork in the second movable universal joint is slidably sleeved on the sliding rod.
Preferably among the above technical scheme, the one end that the proportion pole is close to the slide bar is equipped with open dodge the chamber, dodge the chamber and be used for holding the slide bar and prevent that slide bar and proportion pole from producing the interference.
Preferably, in the above technical solution, the detecting part includes a detecting plate, a detecting rod and at least one extending rod, the detecting rod connects the detecting plate and the extending rod, and the detecting part is connected with the connecting rod through the extending rod;
a plurality of extension rods are connected end to end, the extension rods comprise at least two length specifications, and the monitoring of the soil at different depths is realized by changing the number and/or the length specifications of the extension rods;
the detection plate is a cross structure formed by two detection substrates.
Preferably, in the above technical solution, the monitoring device enlarges and then reduces the slip amount of the soil;
the distance from the center of the spherical bulge to the center of the detection plate,
the distance from the center of the spherical bulge to the rotation center of the first movable universal joint,
in order to fix the distance from the rotation center of the universal joint to the center of the spherical bulge,
in proportion to the overall length of the rod,
、
、
and
the values of (A) satisfy the following requirements:
preferably, in the above technical scheme, the processing part includes a circuit board, a switch, an antenna and a storage battery, the circuit board is used for measuring the capacitance value, the antenna is connected with the circuit board and used for communicating with the outside, the storage battery is used for supplying power to the circuit board, and the switch is used for controlling the on-off between the storage battery and the circuit board.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the device for monitoring the relative slippage of the deep soil, disclosed by the invention, the detection part comprises the detection plate and the detection rod, and the slippage azimuth angle and slippage of the deep soil relative to the surface soil are detected through a pure mechanical structure, so that the problems of limited service life and high failure rate of equipment caused by the fact that the circuit part of the existing sensor is deeply buried in the soil are solved; the soil slippage condition is sensed through the detecting rod, and compared with the existing method which needs to be used in groups and senses the soil slippage condition based on the change of the inclination angle of the sensor, the method can reduce the engineering cost needed by drilling a deeper detecting hole, and meanwhile avoids the condition that the single sensor fault easily occurs in the process of using the sensors in groups affects the use of the whole group of sensors.
(2) According to the device for monitoring the relative slippage of the deep soil, the displacement of the detection part is converted into the corresponding capacitance value through the sliding block, the distance between the fixed pole plate of the capacitor and the movable pole plate of the capacitor changes, the capacitance value changes along with the change of the displacement of the fixed pole plate of the capacitor, the sliding distance of the sliding block can be calculated through measuring the change of the capacitance value, so that the position of the sliding block is positioned, and then the soil movement condition detected by the detection part is obtained; the actual slippage condition of the soil is calculated by using the capacitance value change, and the mode can obtain higher monitoring precision, mature technology and good stability; the slippage condition of the soil can be monitored in an omnibearing manner by arranging the two groups of capacitor plates, and the actual slippage and slippage direction angle are obtained.
(3) According to the monitoring device for the relative slippage of the deep soil, the capacitance measuring equipment is arranged on the surface of the soil body, the environment condition is relatively excellent and controllable, and the measuring result is relatively stable; in addition, when the sliding angle is measured, the ratio of the two capacitance values is adopted, and the change of the dielectric constant epsilon in the first direction and the second direction under the same working environment can be kept consistent, so that the capacitance value change can be exactly counteracted with each other, and the problem of inaccurate measurement result caused by the influence of the environment on the dielectric constant is avoided compared with the Chinese patent with the application number of 201920732282.2.
(4) According to the monitoring device for the relative slippage of the deep soil, the conversion part is arranged on the top cover, so that the device is convenient to disassemble and maintain, and the service life of the device can be greatly prolonged through reasonable maintenance; at least one extension rod is arranged between the detection rod and the connecting rod, the monitoring of the soil at different depths is realized by changing the number and/or length specification of the extension rods, and the adaptability is good; the detection plate is a cross structure formed by two detection substrates, detects the movement of soil through a larger contact area and a lighter weight, can move along with the movement of the soil, and accurately reflects the movement condition of the soil.
(5) The device for monitoring the relative slippage of the deep soil disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the slippage value is amplified at the initial stage of the soil slippage so as to meet the requirement on detection sensitivity; and the slippage value is reduced at the final stage of soil slippage so as to meet the requirement of expanding the detection range as much as possible.
The invention also provides a method for obtaining the soil slippage monitoring amount and the slippage direction angle by using the monitoring device, which comprises the following specific steps:
arranging a box body of the monitoring device on surface soil, corresponding four surfaces of the box body to the directions of the south, the east and the west and the north, and embedding a detection plate in the monitoring soil;
establishing a coordinate system by using the center point O of the square frame as the origin of coordinates, wherein the first direction points to the east direction, i.e. the
A shaft; the second direction being north, i.e.
A shaft;
taking the length of the first base shaft and the second base shaft as
The area between the first capacitor fixed plate and the first capacitor movable plate and the area between the second capacitor fixed plate and the second capacitor movable plate are just opposite
，
Is the dielectric constant of the medium between the two plates,
the distance between the first capacitor movable plate and the first capacitor fixed plate,
the capacitance value between the first capacitor movable polar plate and the first capacitor fixed polar plate is obtained;
the distance between the fixed plate of the second capacitor and the movable plate of the second capacitor,
the capacitance value between the fixed polar plate of the second capacitor and the movable polar plate of the second capacitor is obtained;
let the slider move to P at a certain moment
Measuring the capacitance values of the two capacitors respectively
And
(ii) a Then calculated by capacitance
Therefore, the following steps are carried out:
so P
Point coordinates are as follows:
to facilitate the calculation of the azimuth angle, the rectangular coordinate system is converted into a polar coordinate system, then P
Conversion to P
，
So in a polar coordinate system:
the monitoring soil slippage is as follows:
，
is the amplification factor;
wherein
，
In order to monitor the amount of soil slip,
the distance from the center of the spherical bulge to the center of the detection plate,
the distance from the center of the spherical bulge to the rotation center of the first movable universal joint,
in order to fix the distance from the rotation center of the universal joint to the center of the spherical bulge,
in proportion to the overall length of the rod,
the detection angle between the detection part at a certain moment and the vertical direction is driven by soil sliding.
According to the method, the actual coordinate of the sliding block is calculated through the two groups of capacitor pole plates and converted into the polar coordinate, so that the actual slippage and the slippage direction angle of the soil can be visually obtained, and the monitoring condition can be conveniently and timely known.
In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are also provided. The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is an overall structural view of a monitoring device;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a first state of application (soil not slipping) of the monitoring device;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a second state of application of the monitoring device (soil slippage);
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the interior of the cartridge of the monitoring device;
FIG. 5 is an operational schematic diagram of the switching section;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the monitoring device implementing soil slippage transmission;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the amplification factor and the detection angle in example 1;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the correlation between the sensed displacement and the actual displacement and the inclination angle of the probe rod in example 1;
wherein, 1.1-detecting plate, 1.2-detecting rod, 1.3-extending rod, 2.1-connecting rod, 2.2-spherical bulge, 2.3-base, 2.4-first movable universal joint, 2.5-hemispherical bulge, 2.6-fixed universal joint, 2.7-fixed rod, 2.8-middle sleeve, 2.9-proportion rod, 2.10-avoiding cavity, 2.11-second movable universal joint, 2.12-sleeve shifting fork, 3.1-sliding rod, 3.2-second sliding shaft, 3.3-second base shaft, 3.4-first base shaft, 3.5-mounting column, 3.6-mounting bolt, 3.7-first sliding shaft, 3.8-sliding block, 3.9-first capacitor movable plate, 3.10-first capacitor fixed plate, 3.11-second capacitor movable plate, 3.12-second fixed plate, 4.1-circuit board, 4.2-switch, 4.3-antenna, 4.4-accumulator, 4.5-antenna interface, 5.1-ear, 5.2-kidney slot, 5.3-box, 5.4-top cover, 6.1-monitoring soil, 6.2-surface soil.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings, but the invention can be implemented in many different ways, which are defined and covered by the claims.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1-8, a device for monitoring relative slippage of deep soil comprises a detection part, a switching part, a conversion part and a processing part; the detection part is arranged in the monitored soil 6.1 and moves along with the monitored soil 6.1, the detection part is connected with the conversion part through the switching part, the displacement of the detection part is converted into corresponding electric signals through the conversion part, and the processing part is connected with the conversion part and is used for converting the electric signals into the slippage and the slippage direction angle of the monitored soil 6.1; the slippage of the soil is amplified and then reduced through the matching of the detection part and the switching part.
Referring to fig. 1-5, the switching part comprises a slide block 3.8, a first capacitor movable plate 3.9 and a first capacitor fixed plate 3.10 which are arranged oppositely, and a second capacitor movable plate 3.11 and a second capacitor fixed plate 3.12 which are arranged oppositely, the slide block 3.8 is connected with the switching part, and the slide block 3.8 is driven by the switching part to move in a first direction and a second direction; the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other; the first capacitor movable polar plate 3.9 moves in the first direction along with the sliding block 3.8, and the second capacitor movable polar plate 3.11 moves in the second direction along with the sliding block 3.8, so that the distances between the first capacitor movable polar plate 3.9 and the first capacitor fixed polar plate 3.10 and between the second capacitor movable polar plate 3.11 and the second capacitor fixed polar plate 3.12 are changed, and the displacement of the detection part is converted into two groups of capacitance values.
The distance between the fixed polar plate of the capacitor and the movable polar plate of the capacitor changes, the capacitance value changes, the sliding distance of the sliding block 3.8 can be calculated by measuring the change condition of the capacitance value, and therefore the position of the sliding block is positioned, and the soil motion condition detected by the detection part is obtained.
Referring to fig. 1 and 5, the conversion part further includes a second sliding shaft 3.2, a second base shaft 3.3, a first base shaft 3.4 and a first sliding shaft 3.7, the two second base shafts 3.3 and the two first base shafts 3.4 are arranged at intervals and are sequentially connected to form a square frame, two ends of the second sliding shaft 3.2 are respectively connected with the second base shaft 3.3 in a sliding manner, and two ends of the first sliding shaft 3.7 are respectively connected with the first base shaft 3.4 in a sliding manner;
the second sliding shaft 3.2 and the first sliding shaft 3.7 are both connected with the sliding block 3.8 in a sliding manner, so that the sliding block 3.8 can slide along the first direction and the second direction; preferably, the slider is provided with two mutually perpendicular sliding holes, and the first sliding shaft and the second sliding shaft respectively penetrate through the two sliding holes. The first capacitor moving plate 3.9 is arranged at the end part of the first sliding shaft 3.7, the second capacitor moving plate 3.11 is arranged at the end part of the second sliding shaft 3.2, and the first capacitor fixed plate 3.10 and the second capacitor fixed plate 3.12 are both fixedly arranged on the square frame.
Preferably, chromium plating coatings are arranged on the surfaces of the first base shaft, the second base shaft, the first sliding shaft and the second sliding shaft, so that sliding friction is reduced; sliding sleeves are further arranged at two ends of the first sliding shaft and the second sliding shaft, and friction force between the first sliding shaft and the second sliding shaft and between the first sliding shaft and the second sliding shaft is reduced through the sliding sleeves.
The device for monitoring the relative slippage of the deep soil further comprises a box body 5.3 and a top cover 5.4, wherein the top cover 5.4 is arranged at the upper opening of the box body 5.3; the conversion part is arranged on the lower surface of the top cover 5.4; first base shaft 3.4 all sets up on erection column 3.5 with the tip of second base shaft 3.3, first condenser is decided polar plate 3.10 and second condenser and is decided polar plate 3.12 and all fix and set up on erection column 3.5, erection column 3.5 set up in on the lower surface of top cap 5.4, preferably, erection column 3.5 through construction bolt 3.6 demountable installation on top cap 5.4, be connected through the bolt between box body and the top cap.
The box body is a square box, and four sides of a square frame formed by the first base shaft and the second base shaft respectively correspond to four surfaces of the box body.
Switching part sets up in box body 5.3, switching part includes connecting rod 2.1, first activity universal joint 2.4, fixed universal joint 2.6, proportion pole 2.9 and second activity universal joint 2.11, be equipped with spherical arch 2.2 on the connecting rod 2.1, be equipped with on the lower panel of box body 5.3 just be equipped with on the base 2.3 with spherical arch 2.2 assorted die cavity, connecting rod 2.1 runs through the lower panel of box body 5.3 and base 2.3 sets up and connecting rod 2.1 sets up in the die cavity through spherical arch 2.2 activity, spherical arch 2.2 constitutes spherical hinge with base 2.3.
Fixed universal joint 2.6 sets up on the lateral wall of box body 5.3, proportion pole 2.9's pole body and fixed universal joint 2.6 swing joint, the end connection of first movable universal joint 2.4 and connecting rod 2.1 is passed through to the one end of proportion pole 2.9, the other end of proportion pole 2.9 passes through second movable universal joint 2.11 and slide bar 3.1 swing joint of slider 3.8 below.
Referring to fig. 4, the fixed universal joint 2.6 is arranged on the side wall of the box body 5.3 through a fixed rod 2.7, and a middle sleeve 2.8 in the fixed universal joint 2.6 is slidably sleeved on the rod body of the proportional rod 2.9; a sleeve shifting fork 2.12 in the second movable universal joint 2.11 is slidably sleeved on the sliding rod 3.1, and both the middle sleeve 2.8 and the sleeve shifting fork 2.12 can freely rotate for 360 degrees.
Proportion pole 2.9 is close to the one end of first activity universal joint 2.4 and is hemisphere protruding 2.5, hemisphere protruding 2.5 realizes with the cooperation of first activity universal joint 2.4 that the proportion pole is for connecting rod 2.1 free rotation.
Referring to fig. 4, an open type avoidance cavity 2.10 is arranged at one end of the proportional rod 2.9 close to the sliding rod 3.1, and the avoidance cavity 2.10 is used for accommodating the sliding rod 3.1 to prevent the sliding rod 3.1 from interfering with the proportional rod 2.9, and referring to fig. 2, the situation that the sliding rod is located in the avoidance cavity is illustrated in fig. 2.
The detection part comprises a detection plate 1.1, a detection rod 1.2 and at least one extension rod 1.3, the detection rod 1.2 is connected with the detection plate 1.1 and the extension rod 1.3, the detection part is connected with the connection rod 2.1 through the extension rod 1.3, and therefore displacement measured by the detection part is transmitted to the switching part.
The multiple extension rods 1.3 are connected end to end, the extension rods 1.3 comprise at least two length specifications, and the monitoring of the soil at different depths is realized by changing the number and/or the length specifications of the extension rods 1.3;
the detection plate 1.1 is a cross structure formed by two detection substrates, detects the movement of soil through a larger contact area and a lighter weight, and can move along with the movement of the soil to reflect the movement condition of the soil.
Preferably, the detection rod is connected with the extension rod through threads, the adjacent extension rod is connected with the connection rod through threads, and preferably, the detection rod, the extension rod and the detection plate are made of composite light materials, such as carbon fibers, and therefore the composite light material can resist soil corrosion and is light in weight.
The processing part comprises a circuit board 4.1, a switch 4.2, an antenna 4.3 and a storage battery 4.4, wherein the circuit board 4.1 is used for measuring a capacitance value, the antenna 4.3 is connected with the circuit board 4.1 and used for communicating with the outside, the storage battery 4.4 is used for supplying power to the circuit board 4.1, and the switch 4.2 is used for controlling the on-off between the storage battery 4.4 and the circuit board 4.1.
Preferably, the circuit board is provided with a measurement circuit, an MCU controller and an NB module, the measurement circuit is used for measuring a capacitance value, the measurement circuit is connected with the two capacitors, and the specific structure of the measurement circuit refers to the prior art. The MCU controller converts the capacitance value into a displacement azimuth angle and a displacement of the soil through a programmed program; the antenna is an NB antenna, the NB module sends data obtained by MCU calculation back to the server through the NB antenna, and the on-site data change condition can be remotely checked.
Antenna 4.3 sets up in the upper surface of top cap 5.4, circuit board 4.1 and battery 4.4 all set up in the inside of box body 5.3, switch 4.2 sets up on the lateral wall of box body 5.3, all be equipped with hangers 5.1 on the relative a set of outer wall of box body 5.3.
Preferably, the side surface of the box body is also provided with an antenna interface 4.5, and the antenna is connected with the circuit board through the antenna interface.
The hanging lug 5.1 is provided with a kidney-shaped groove 5.2, and the kidney-shaped groove is used for installing the box body.
The method for acquiring the slip quantity and the slip direction angle of the monitored soil by the monitoring device comprises the following specific steps:
arranging a box body 5.3 of the monitoring device on surface soil 6.2, corresponding four surfaces of the box body 5.3 to the directions of the south, the west and the north, and burying a detection plate 1.1 in the monitoring soil 6.1;
establishing a coordinate system by using the center point O of the square frame as the origin of coordinates, wherein the first direction points to the east direction, i.e. the
A shaft; the second direction being north, i.e.
A shaft, as shown in FIG. 5;
the length of the first base shaft 3.4 and the second base shaft 3.3 is taken to be
End portions of the first base shaft and the second base shaft to
Shaft or
Distances of the axes are all
The area between the first capacitor fixed plate and the first capacitor movable plate and the area between the second capacitor fixed plate and the second capacitor movable plate are just opposite
，
Is the dielectric constant of the medium between the two plates,
the distance between the first capacitor movable plate and the first capacitor fixed plate,
the capacitance value between the first capacitor movable polar plate and the first capacitor fixed polar plate is obtained;
the distance between the fixed plate of the second capacitor and the movable plate of the second capacitor,
the capacitance value between the fixed polar plate of the second capacitor and the movable polar plate of the second capacitor is obtained;
let the slider move to P at a certain moment
Measuring the capacitance values of the two capacitors respectively
And
(ii) a Then calculated by capacitance
Therefore, the following steps are carried out:
so P
Point coordinates are as follows:
to facilitate the calculation of the azimuth angle, the rectangular coordinate system is converted into a polar coordinate system, then P
Conversion to P
，
So in a polar coordinate system:
the monitoring soil slippage is as follows:
，
is the amplification factor;
wherein
，
To monitor soil slippage (i.e. the actual displacement of the soil),
the distance from the center of the spherical bulge to the center of the detection plate,
the distance from the center of the spherical bulge to the rotation center of the first movable universal joint,
in order to fix the distance from the rotation center of the universal joint to the center of the spherical bulge,
in proportion to the overall length of the rod,
the detection angle of the detection part at a certain moment with the vertical direction driven by the soil sliding is shown in fig. 6.
See FIG. 6, the following pairs of amplification factors
The description is as follows:
from the proportional relationship of similar triangles, it can be known that:
from the cosine theorem of triangles:
the amplification factor is:
in combination of the above formulas 1) to 4), the following can be obtained:
in addition, the theoretical value range of beta is 0-90 degrees (actually, the value can not reach 90 degrees) which is easily known from the structural design and the whole soil slippage process. As is apparent from the calculation formula 5),
is monotonically decreasing during the change of beta from 0 deg. to 90 deg.,
when beta is 0 DEG, the maximum value is reached, and in order to realize the amplification effect of the device in the initial stage of soil slippage, when beta is equal to 0 DEG, the requirement of meeting the requirement
>1；
When the angle beta is 90 degrees, the minimum value is reached, and in order to realize the reduction function of the monitoring device at the end stage of soil slippage, when the angle beta is equal to 90 degrees, the condition is satisfied
<1; namely, the parameters need to satisfy the following relations during design:
according to the condition of equation 8), the preferred design parameters in this embodiment are: a =500mm, b =150mm, c =200mm, d =300 mm; in that
、
、
And
in the case of the determination of the value of (1), the value is taken according to the formula 5)
And =1, the balance point between the enlargement and the reduction of the soil slippage value of the device can be calculated (namely the transition point from enlargement to reduction).
The amplification factor shown in fig. 7 is obtained according to the above calculation formula 5)
The curve shows that the amplification factor tends to be reduced along with the increase of the detection angle beta, the amplification factor is greater than 1 before about 15 degrees and less than 1 after about 15 degrees, so that the amplification effect is achieved, the slip value is amplified in the initial stage of soil slip, and the detection sensitivity requirement is met; and the slippage value is reduced at the final stage of soil slippage so as to meet the requirement of expanding the detection range as much as possible.
Under the above-mentioned preferred design parameters, a correlation graph between the sensed displacement ρ and the actual displacement (i.e. the actual displacement, i.e. the slip amount of the monitored soil) and the inclination angle β of the probe rod as shown in fig. 8 can be obtained
The corresponding relation is recorded into a program of the MCU controller in advance, and the corresponding actual displacement value can be quickly found out according to the perception displacement value;
it should be noted that, since the amplification factor changes from amplification to reduction after crossing the equilibrium point, there are situations where the same value of perceived displacement corresponds to two different probe rod tilt angles β, i.e., two different actual displacement values; however, the soil sliding direction is continuously enlarged, and the condition of recovery in the sliding process does not exist, so that the one-to-one correspondence between the sensed displacement and the actual displacement can be realized in the MCU controller through program control, and further, the continuous monitoring can be realized.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A monitoring device for the relative slippage of deep soil is characterized by comprising a detection part, a switching part, a conversion part and a processing part; the detection part is arranged in the monitored soil (6.1) and is displaced along with the monitored soil (6.1), the detection part is connected with the conversion part through the switching part, the displacement of the detection part is converted into a corresponding electric signal through the conversion part, and the processing part is connected with the conversion part and is used for converting the electric signal into the slippage and the slippage direction angle of the monitored soil (6.1);
the switching part comprises a sliding block (3.8), a first capacitor movable polar plate (3.9) and a first capacitor fixed polar plate (3.10) which are oppositely arranged, and a second capacitor movable polar plate (3.11) and a second capacitor fixed polar plate (3.12) which are oppositely arranged, wherein the sliding block (3.8) is connected with the switching part and the switching part drives the sliding block (3.8) to move in a first direction and a second direction; the first capacitor movable polar plate (3.9) moves in the first direction along with the sliding block (3.8), and the second capacitor movable polar plate (3.11) moves in the second direction along with the sliding block (3.8), so that the distances between the first capacitor movable polar plate (3.9) and the first capacitor fixed polar plate (3.10) and between the second capacitor movable polar plate (3.11) and the second capacitor fixed polar plate (3.12) are changed, and the displacement of the detection part is converted into two groups of capacitance values.
2. The device for monitoring the relative slippage of deep soil according to claim 1, wherein the conversion part further comprises a second sliding shaft (3.2), a second base shaft (3.3), a first base shaft (3.4) and a first sliding shaft (3.7), the two pieces of second base shaft (3.3) and the two pieces of first base shaft (3.4) are arranged at intervals and are connected in sequence to form a square frame, two ends of the second sliding shaft (3.2) are respectively connected with the second base shaft (3.3) in a sliding manner, and two ends of the first sliding shaft (3.7) are respectively connected with the first base shaft (3.4) in a sliding manner;
the second sliding shaft (3.2) and the first sliding shaft (3.7) are both connected with the sliding block (3.8) in a sliding manner, so that the sliding block (3.8) can slide along the first direction and the second direction; the first capacitor movable polar plate (3.9) is arranged at the end part of the first sliding shaft (3.7), the second capacitor movable polar plate (3.11) is arranged at the end part of the second sliding shaft (3.2), and the first capacitor fixed polar plate (3.10) and the second capacitor fixed polar plate (3.12) are fixedly arranged on the square frame.
3. The device for monitoring the relative slippage of deep soil according to claim 2, further comprising a box body (5.3) and a top cover (5.4), wherein the top cover (5.4) is arranged at the upper opening of the box body (5.3); the conversion part is arranged on the lower surface of the top cover (5.4); the tip of first base shaft (3.4) and second base shaft (3.3) all sets up on erection column (3.5), first condenser is decided polar plate (3.10) and second condenser and is decided polar plate (3.12) and all fix and set up on erection column (3.5), erection column (3.5) set up in on the lower surface of top cap (5.4).
4. The deep soil relative slippage monitoring device according to claim 3, wherein the switching part is arranged in a box body (5.3), the switching part comprises a connecting rod (2.1), a first movable universal joint (2.4), a fixed universal joint (2.6), a proportional rod (2.9) and a second movable universal joint (2.11), a spherical bulge (2.2) is arranged on the connecting rod (2.1), a base (2.3) is arranged on a lower panel of the box body (5.3), a cavity matched with the spherical bulge (2.2) is arranged on the base (2.3), the connecting rod (2.1) penetrates through a lower panel of the box body (5.3) and the base (2.3), and the connecting rod (2.1) is movably arranged in the cavity through the spherical bulge (2.2); fixed universal joint (2.6) set up on the lateral wall of box body (5.3), the pole body and fixed universal joint (2.6) swing joint of proportion pole (2.9), the end connection of one end through first activity universal joint (2.4) and connecting rod (2.1) of proportion pole (2.9), the other end of proportion pole (2.9) passes through second activity universal joint (2.11) and slide bar (3.1) swing joint of slider (3.8) below.
5. The device for monitoring the relative slippage of deep soil as claimed in claim 4, wherein said fixed universal joint (2.6) is arranged on the side wall of the box body (5.3) through a fixed rod (2.7), and a middle sleeve (2.8) in said fixed universal joint (2.6) is slidably sleeved on the body of the proportional rod (2.9); a sleeve shifting fork (2.12) in the second movable universal joint (2.11) is sleeved on the sliding rod (3.1) in a sliding way.
6. A device for monitoring relative slippage of deep soil according to claim 5, wherein an open avoiding cavity (2.10) is formed at one end of the proportional rod (2.9) close to the sliding rod (3.1), and the avoiding cavity (2.10) is used for accommodating the sliding rod (3.1) to prevent the sliding rod (3.1) from interfering with the proportional rod (2.9).
7. The device for monitoring the relative slippage of deep soil according to claim 6, wherein the detecting part comprises a detecting plate (1.1), a detecting rod (1.2) and at least one extension rod (1.3), the detecting rod (1.2) is connected with the detecting plate (1.1) and the extension rod (1.3), and the detecting part is connected with the connecting rod (2.1) through the extension rod (1.3);
a plurality of extension rods (1.3) are connected end to end, the extension rods (1.3) comprise at least two length specifications, and the monitoring of the soil at different depths is realized by changing the number and/or the length specifications of the extension rods (1.3);
the detection plate (1.1) is a cross structure formed by two detection substrates.
8. The device for monitoring the relative slippage of deep soil as claimed in claim 7, wherein the device is adapted to increase the slippage of soil and then decrease the slippage; a is the distance from the center of the spherical bulge to the center of the detection plate, b is the distance from the center of the spherical bulge to the center of rotation of the first movable universal joint, c is the distance from the center of rotation of the fixed universal joint to the center of the spherical bulge, d is the total length of the proportional rod, and the values of a, b, c and d meet the following requirements:
9. a device for monitoring relative deep soil slippage according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein the processing part comprises a circuit board (4.1), a switch (4.2), an antenna (4.3) and a storage battery (4.4), the circuit board (4.1) is used for measuring capacitance, the antenna (4.3) is connected with the circuit board (4.1) for communicating with the outside, the storage battery (4.4) is used for supplying power to the circuit board (4.1), and the switch (4.2) is used for controlling the connection and disconnection between the storage battery (4.4) and the circuit board (4.1).
10. A method for obtaining monitoring soil slippage and slip direction angle using the monitoring device of claim 7 or 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
arranging a box body (5.3) of the monitoring device on surface soil (6.2), corresponding four surfaces of the box body (5.3) to the directions of the south, the west and the north, and burying a detection plate (1.1) in the monitoring soil (6.1);
establishing a coordinate system by taking a central point O of the square frame as a coordinate origin, wherein the first direction points to the east direction, namely the x axis; the second direction is directed to the north, i.e., the y-axis;
taking the length of the first base shaft (3.4) and the second base shaft (3.3) as l, the facing area between the fixed polar plate of the first capacitor and the movable polar plate of the first capacitor and between the fixed polar plate of the second capacitor and the movable polar plate of the second capacitor as S, epsilon is the dielectric constant of a medium between the two polar plates, d1Is the distance between the first capacitor movable plate and the first capacitor fixed plate, C1The capacitance value between the first capacitor movable polar plate and the first capacitor fixed polar plate is obtained; d2For the distance between the fixed plate of the second capacitor and the movable plate of the second capacitor, C2The capacitance value between the fixed polar plate of the second capacitor and the movable polar plate of the second capacitor is obtained;
let the slider move to point P (x, y) at a certain time, and measure the capacitance of each of the two capacitors as C1And C2(ii) a Is calculated from the capacitanceThe formula C ═ ε S/d can be known:
so the P (x, y) point coordinates:
to facilitate the calculation of the azimuth, the rectangular coordinate system is converted to a polar coordinate system, and then P (x, y) is converted to P (ρ, θ),
ρ is the monitored perceptual displacement, and when x is 0, if y is a positive number, θ is 90 °, and if y is negative, θ is 270 °;
so in a polar coordinate system:
theta is 0 degree, and the soil slip azimuth is the normal east direction;
theta is 90 degrees, and the soil slip azimuth angle is the positive north direction;
theta is 180 degrees, and the corresponding soil slip azimuth angle is the positive west direction;
theta is 270 degrees, and the soil slip azimuth angle is in the positive south direction;
theta is between 0 and 90 degrees, and the corresponding soil slip azimuth angle is northeast;
theta is between 90 and 180 degrees, and the corresponding soil slip azimuth angle is northwest direction;
theta is 180-270 degrees, and the corresponding soil slip azimuth angle is southwest;
theta is 270-0 degrees, and the corresponding soil slip azimuth angle is southeast;
the monitoring soil slippage is as follows:
k is an amplification factor;
wherein
m is the soil slippage monitoring amount, a is the distance from the center of the spherical bulge to the center of the detection plate, b is the distance from the center of the spherical bulge to the center of rotation of the first movable universal joint, c is the distance from the center of rotation of the fixed universal joint to the center of the spherical bulge, d is the total length of the proportional rod, and beta is the detection angle between the detection part at a certain moment and the vertical direction under the driving of soil sliding.
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