CN112555670A - 一种可移动式液氢零排放存储加注一体储罐 - Google Patents

一种可移动式液氢零排放存储加注一体储罐 Download PDF

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CN112555670A
CN112555670A CN201910908521.XA CN201910908521A CN112555670A CN 112555670 A CN112555670 A CN 112555670A CN 201910908521 A CN201910908521 A CN 201910908521A CN 112555670 A CN112555670 A CN 112555670A
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刘玉涛
时云卿
申娟
苏嘉南
赵康
余炳延
安刚
张震
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Beijing Institute of Aerospace Testing Technology
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/005—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for medium-size and small storage vessels not under pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F17C13/025—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the pressure as the parameter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F17C13/026—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the temperature as the parameter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/04—Arrangement or mounting of valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/12—Arrangements or mounting of devices for preventing or minimising the effect of explosion ; Other safety measures
    • F17C13/123—Arrangements or mounting of devices for preventing or minimising the effect of explosion ; Other safety measures for gas bottles, cylinders or reservoirs for tank vehicles or for railway tank wagons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/04—Reducing risks and environmental impact
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
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  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及低温液体的无损储存装置技术领域，特别是涉及一种低损耗的液氢储罐。所述的一种移动式液氢零排放存储加注一体储罐，包括多层绝热储罐1、泵系统2、阀门系统3、氢输送管4、螺旋盘管5、气化回路6、传感装置7、喷淋装置8、放气口9、放液口10。使用过程中，储罐内气压增大，则通过潜液泵和螺旋排管进行吸汲底部液氢进行灌内喷洒，通过对气态液氢降温，减小罐内压力，从而减少因内压过高而进行的氢气放空。本发明针对上述液氢储罐保压及气化放空过程导致的质量损耗问题，设计出零排放低损耗的存储加注一体储罐，实现液氢储罐压力稳定以及氢气能量的综合利用。

Description

一种可移动式液氢零排放存储加注一体储罐
技术领域
本发明涉及低温液体的无损储存装置技术领域，特别是涉及一种低损耗的液氢储罐。
背景技术
氢作为一种清洁高效的能量载体，在交通领域，氢能燃料电池在替代燃料与零排放方面具有无可比拟的优势。根据氢能产业发展路线图规划，氢能是我国能源革命重要的方向。
目前氢的储存主要有高压气态储氢和低温液态储氢，低温液态储氢方式已应用于飞机、船舶、汽车等交通领域，低温液态储氢供氢系统的优势十分鲜明，但影响其发展的主要技术问题为动态液氢储罐漏热问题，漏热导致的高能耗(约占储氢能量的25％-45％)难以规模化利用。挥发的氢气如果直接排到大气中，会造成氢气的浪费以及安全隐患。
现阶段主要通过提高储罐的绝热效果来减少液氢的气化放空质量，该方法过程难以控制、危险系数大，在使用过程中的维护上需要较大的成本，液氢储存过程控制成效低。
有鉴于此，特提出本发明。
发明内容
本发明针对上述液氢储罐保压及气化放空过程导致的质量损耗问题，设计出零排放低损耗的存储加注一体储罐，实现液氢储罐压力稳定以及氢气能量的综合利用。
零排放储存是指液氢罐内压力达到最高工作压力前没有进行气相放空操作的最长储存时间。
液氢罐内压力达到设定压力时，启动液氢泵对气相进行喷淋，压力会显著降低，从而延长储存时间。为达到上述目的，本发明是按照以下技术方案实施的：
一种移动式液氢零排放存储加注一体储罐，包括1、多层绝热储罐；2、泵系统；3、阀门系统；4、氢输送管；5、螺旋盘管；6、气化回路；7、传感装置；8、喷淋装置；9、放气口；10、放液口。
所述潜液泵为一体式潜液泵，固定于储罐底部，与氢排放管连接；
所述氢输送管，一端连接潜液泵，一端连接螺旋排管，侧部配有分路，连接储罐外部的放液口与放气口；
所述螺旋盘管是在管路轴向上保持规定地间距而螺旋形延伸形成的，为了调整喷淋气体温度和速度，减少液气沸腾，螺旋盘管可设置长度余量；
所述气化回路上端连接喷淋装置，功能为气化器；
所述喷淋装置有输送管路和喷淋排架组成，分多层，每层设置喷淋管路2-4个，上下层错位安装，喷淋管路为直线型，也可为S型分布，管路上设置多个喷淋孔。
本发明有益效果：本发明具有以下优点：
1、本发明针对上述液氢储罐保压及气化放空过程导致的质量损耗问题
2、设计出零排放低损耗的存储加注一体储罐，实现液氢储罐压力稳定以及氢气能量的综合利用，提高了低温液化气储存效果。
3、可以将储氢罐的压力控制在安全压力内，防止储氢罐压力过高爆炸。
4、通过设置可自动进行喷淋动作，过程自动化控制高。
5、系统可操作强，使用效果佳。
附图说明
图1为本储罐整体示意图；
图1：1、多层绝热储罐；2、泵系统；3、阀门系统；4、氢输送管；5、螺旋盘管；6、气化回路；7、传感装置；8、喷淋装置；9放气口；10、放液口；
图2为本储罐喷淋装置俯视图；
图2：11、输液管；12、喷淋排架。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图以及具体实施例对本发明作进一步描述，在此发明的示意性实施例以及说明用来解释本发明，但并不作为对本发明的限定。
实施例：如图1-2所示的一种移动式液氢零排放存储加注一体储罐，包括多层绝热储罐、泵系统、阀门系统、管路系统、传感装置、喷淋装置组成。
所述传感装置分为压力传感器和温度传感器，也可为其他可反应压力变化的物理参数装置，如气体密度计；所述潜液泵为一体式潜液泵，根据固定于储罐底部，与氢排放管连接；所述阀门管路系统包括氢输送管、气化回路和螺旋盘管，氢输送管一端连接潜液泵，一端连接螺旋排管，侧部配有分路，连接储罐外部的放液口与放气口；所述螺旋盘管是在管路轴向上保持规定地间距而螺旋形延伸形成的，材质可为316L不锈钢材质但不限于金属材质；为了调整喷淋气体温度和速度，减少液气沸腾，螺旋盘管可设置长度余量，所述气化回路上端连接喷淋装置，功能为气化器；所述喷淋装置由输液管和喷淋排架组成，分多层，每层设置喷淋管路2-4个，上下层错位安装，为了喷淋效果，上下分层排布可满足大面积、多角度全方面的喷淋任务。喷淋管路为直线型，管路下侧按照一定间距排列喷淋孔，喷淋管路也可为S型分布，管路上设置多个喷淋孔。
使用过程中，对传感装置设置喷淋动作参数上下限和排放参数上限，根据所安装传感器传输的信号对阀门和潜液泵的开启闭合进行控制。
当监测参数超出喷淋上限时，喷淋排管上阀门开启，潜液泵启动，开始喷淋液氢；
当监测参数低于喷淋下限时，潜液泵关闭，喷淋排管上阀门闭合，停止喷淋液氢。潜液泵提汲液氢进行喷淋，可降低气相温度，平衡系统压力，液氢流经气化回路时，与气相进行初步换热，喷淋过程与气相进行二次换热；
当监测参数高于排放上限时，放气口处阀门开启，进行排放降压；当该储罐需要转注时，进行液态转注将开启放液口进行放液，气态转注时开启放气口进行放气，气体压力不足以继续放出后，开启放液口，继续气化放气。
经验证，采用液氢潜液泵定期循环喷淋低温液化氢气，使得140L液氢储罐内的温度场内部更为均匀，从而延长停放阶段气体的零排放储存时间约40％，减少液氢损耗50％。

Claims (7)

1.一种移动式液氢零排放存储加注一体储罐，包括多层绝热储罐、泵系统、阀门系统、氢输送管、螺旋盘管、气化回路、传感装置、喷淋装置、放气口、放液口。
2.根据权利要求1所述的移动式液氢零排放存储加注一体储罐，其特征在于：所述潜液泵为一体式潜液泵，固定于储罐底部，与氢排放管连接。
3.根据权利要求1所述的移动式液氢零排放存储加注一体储罐，其特征在于：所述氢输送管一端连接潜液泵，一端连接螺旋排管，侧部配有分路，连接储罐外部的放液口与放气口。
4.根据权利要求1所述的移动式液氢零排放存储加注一体储罐，其特征在于：所述气化回路为螺旋盘管，所述螺旋盘管是在管路轴向上保持规定地间距而螺旋形延伸形成的，气化回路上端连接喷淋装置，功能为气化器。
5.根据权利要求1所述的移动式液氢零排放存储加注一体储罐，其特征在于：所述喷淋装置由输液管和喷淋排架组成。
6.根据权利要求5所述的喷淋排架，其特征在于：喷淋排架分多层，每层设置喷淋管路2-4个，上下层错位安装。
7.根据权利要求6所述的喷淋排架，其特征在于：喷淋管路为直线型，也可为S型分布，管路上设置多个喷淋孔。
CN201910908521.XA 2019-09-25 2019-09-25 一种可移动式液氢零排放存储加注一体储罐 Pending CN112555670A (zh)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112128607A (zh) * 2020-08-13 2020-12-25 北京航天试验技术研究所 一种低损耗液氢一体储罐

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112128607A (zh) * 2020-08-13 2020-12-25 北京航天试验技术研究所 一种低损耗液氢一体储罐

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