CN112552937A - Multi-type garbage pyrolysis system and method for treating multi-type garbage by same - Google Patents
Multi-type garbage pyrolysis system and method for treating multi-type garbage by same Download PDFInfo
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- CN112552937A CN112552937A CN202011162425.4A CN202011162425A CN112552937A CN 112552937 A CN112552937 A CN 112552937A CN 202011162425 A CN202011162425 A CN 202011162425A CN 112552937 A CN112552937 A CN 112552937A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/08—Non-mechanical pretreatment of the charge, e.g. desulfurization
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/18—Modifying the properties of the distillation gases in the oven
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-type garbage pyrolysis system and a method for treating multi-type garbage by using the same. The system comprises a garbage gradient preheating system, a thermal cracking system, a pyrolysis oil gas combustion system, a flue gas waste heat utilization system, a pyrolysis reactor heating temperature control system and a tail gas treatment system. High moisture content low heat value rubbish utilizes the burning flue gas to carry out multistage gradient preheating drying, mixes the back with high heat value rubbish again and carries out the thermal cracking reaction at the pyrolysis device, realizes the stable high-efficient operation of pyrolysis reaction device, reduces the pyrolysis energy consumption, and the pyrolysis oil gas passes through porous medium material simultaneously and realizes high efficiency and fully burns to high temperature flue gas waste heat utilization, can realize the high-efficient stable pyrolysis of polymorphic type rubbish component, finally realizes rubbish innoxious, the utilization target.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of garbage pyrolysis, in particular to a multi-type garbage pyrolysis system and a method for treating multi-type garbage by using the same.
Background
Along with the rapid development of world economy, the living standard of people is improved, the population of cities and towns in the world is increased day by day, the generation amount of municipal solid waste is increased, and the content of organic matters in garbage is increased day by day. According to annual newspaper for preventing and treating the solid waste from polluting the environment in the whole China and the middle cities in 2019, the general industrial solid waste generation amount in the whole China and the middle cities in 2018 is 15.5 hundred million tons, the domestic garbage generation amount is 21147.3 ten thousand tons, the general industrial solid waste generation amount in the whole China and the middle cities in 2017 is 13.1 million tons and 20084.3 ten thousand tons respectively, the domestic garbage disposal rate reaches 99.4 percent, and compared with the prior years, the yield of various wastes is increased, and the disposal rate is also obviously improved. With the continuous promotion of the concepts of quantitative reduction, harmlessness, recycling and comprehensive utilization of solid waste treatment in China, the treatment technology of ' safe treatment and changing waste into valuable ' is gradually deep into people's mind. Compared with the common treatment modes of the organic garbage, such as sanitary landfill, composting, incineration and pyrolysis treatment, the pyrolysis can effectively convert organic matters in the garbage into an available form, and the organic garbage has lower secondary pollution emission and higher energy utilization rate, has obvious advantages in the aspect of controlling pollutants such as dioxin and the like, and is considered as one of the most promising future treatment modes.
Pyrolysis refers to a technology of heating garbage at high temperature (generally above 500 ℃) under oxygen-free or oxygen-deficient conditions to crack organic compounds in the garbage to generate small molecular substances, and less Nitrogen Oxides (NOX) and Sulfur Oxides (SOX) are formed in an inert atmosphere of pyrolysis, and generation of toxic gases such as dioxin is avoided. The method can be divided into three reaction stages of drying, pyrolysis and gasification in terms of macroscopic phenomena, combustible materials are cracked into short-chain organic gas, and residual ash and semi-coke in a pyrolysis furnace. The heat value of the garbage is closely related to the water content of the garbage, the garbage components in different cities have larger differences due to factors such as regions, climate, consumption level and the like, some garbage has higher water content and lower heat value, the stable operation of a pyrolysis gasification system is influenced by overhigh water content of the fed garbage, the investment and operation cost of equipment are increased when the water content is overlow, and the economy is not good. Therefore, it is important to develop a treatment system suitable for multi-type component waste.
The system can continuously treat various types of garbage with high water content, low calorific value, high calorific value and the like, carries out deacidification pretreatment on high-temperature flue gas, and has important value and significance for comprehensive utilization of pyrolysis treatment of various types of solid wastes at the present stage.
For example, chinese patent CN 105733619A-a thermal cracking treatment device for municipal solid waste and a method for thermal cracking municipal solid waste using the same. The garbage treatment type is relatively single, the stable operation of the pyrolysis gasification system is influenced by the overhigh water content of the fed garbage, the investment and the operation cost of equipment are increased if the water content is overlow, and the thermal cracking treatment device does not effectively utilize the heat energy generated by thermal cracking of the garbage, so that the economy is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that an innovative scheme is provided aiming at the defects in the prior art, in particular to a scheme which can effectively realize stable pyrolysis on different types of garbage components and reduce the operation energy consumption of pyrolysis equipment.
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the following scheme: a multi-type garbage pyrolysis system is characterized by comprising a garbage gradient preheating system, a thermal cracking system, a pyrolysis oil gas combustion system, a flue gas waste heat utilization system, a pyrolysis reactor heating temperature control system and a tail gas treatment system;
the garbage gradient preheating system is used for crushing and preheating the high-water-content low-heat-value garbage and sending the crushed and preheated high-water-content low-heat-value garbage into the thermal cracking system;
the thermal cracking system is used for carrying out a pyrolysis reaction on the garbage with low water content and high calorific value and the garbage with high water content and low calorific value, the produced pyrolytic carbon is discharged, and the pyrolytic oil gas is sent to the pyrolytic oil gas combustion system;
the pyrolysis oil gas combustion system fully combusts pyrolysis oil gas and heats air, and the heated hot air is sent to the flue gas waste heat utilization system;
the flue gas waste heat utilization system sends heated hot air into the thermal cracking system and the garbage gradient preheating system; heating and insulating the pyrolysis reaction system by using hot air, and preheating the high-water-content low-calorific-value garbage in the garbage gradient preheating system by using the hot air;
the pyrolysis reactor heating temperature control system is used for heating, controlling temperature and preserving heat of the thermal cracking system;
and the tail gas treatment system is used for filtering and purifying the hot air passing through the flue gas waste heat utilization system and then discharging the hot air.
Further, the multi-type garbage pyrolysis system is characterized in that the garbage gradient preheating system comprises a feed hopper A and a multi-stage gradient preheater which are vertically and alternately connected; the feed hopper A is connected with the multistage gradient preheater and is used for conveying the garbage with high water content and low heat value into the multistage gradient preheater.
Further, according to the above design scheme, the multi-type garbage pyrolysis system is characterized in that the thermal cracking system comprises a feed hopper B and a pyrolysis reaction device; the feed hopper B is connected with the pyrolysis reaction device and is used for feeding the garbage with low water content and high calorific value into the pyrolysis reaction device; the pyrolysis reaction device comprises a gradient preheating garbage feeding hole, a pyrolysis oil gas outlet and a pyrolysis carbon discharging hole; the gradient preheating garbage feeding port is connected with a garbage gradient preheating system; the pyrolysis oil gas outlet is connected with the pyrolysis oil gas combustion system; and a spiral discharging and conveying device and a receiving hopper are arranged on the pyrolytic carbon discharging port.
Further, according to the design scheme, the multi-type garbage pyrolysis system is characterized in that the pyrolysis oil gas combustion system comprises an induced draft fan, a porous medium preheating system and a flue gas outlet; the induced draft fan introduces air into the porous medium preheating system, mixes the air with pyrolysis oil gas and then fully burns the air to generate high-temperature hot air.
Further, according to the above design scheme, the multi-type garbage pyrolysis system is characterized in that the flue gas waste heat utilization system respectively conveys hot air to the thermal pyrolysis system and the garbage gradient preheating system through the flue gas three-phase disc-through valve; the flue gas waste heat utilization system also comprises a heat exchange device; the heat exchange device is arranged in front of the tail gas treatment system and used for carrying out heat exchange utilization on the final preheating.
Further, according to the above design scheme, the multi-type waste pyrolysis system is characterized in that the pyrolysis reactor heating temperature control system comprises a heating temperature control device and a device insulating layer; the heating temperature control device is arranged on the thermal cracking system and is used for heating and controlling the temperature of the thermal cracking system; the device heat preservation layer is arranged outside the thermal cracking system and used for preserving heat of the thermal cracking system.
Further, the multi-type garbage pyrolysis system is characterized in that a cooperative deacidification feed hopper is arranged on the multi-stage gradient preheater; the synergistic deacidification feed hopper is used for adding quicklime or urea.
Further, according to above-mentioned design the polymorphic type rubbish pyrolysis system, its characterized in that, be equipped with the auger delivery breaker on the feeder hopper A, the auger delivery breaker is used for carrying high moisture content low heating value rubbish and carrying out the breakage to it.
Further, according to above-mentioned design the polymorphic type rubbish pyrolysis system, its characterized in that, multistage pre-heater is equipped with one-level pre-heater, second grade pre-heater, tertiary pre-heater.
Further, according to the above design scheme, the multi-type garbage pyrolysis system is characterized in that the pyrolysis reaction device is a rotary reactor or a spiral conveying pipe type reactor.
Further, according to the design scheme, the multi-type garbage pyrolysis system is characterized in that a sealing cabin door is arranged on the pyrolysis reaction device, and when the sealing cabin door is closed, the pyrolysis reaction device is of a fully-closed structure; a gas environment adjusting device is arranged on the pyrolysis reaction device; the gas environment adjusting device is used for adjusting the oxygen content and the gas pressure in the pyrolysis reaction device.
Further, according to the above design scheme, the multi-type waste pyrolysis system is characterized in that the porous medium in the porous medium preheating system is a honeycomb ceramic type porous medium or a foamed ceramic type porous medium.
Further, according to the method for processing the various types of garbage by the various types of garbage pyrolysis system in the design scheme, the method is characterized in that the garbage with low water content and high calorific value is sent into the feeding hopper B to be crushed and then sent into the thermal cracking system, the pyrolysis reaction is carried out in the pyrolysis reaction device, the heating temperature control device is used for heating the garbage to the temperature required by the system in the starting stage of the pyrolysis reactor, then the combustion flue gas is used for heating the pyrolysis device, and the heat is preserved through the heat preservation layer and the temperature control device; discharging the produced pyrolytic carbon to a receiving hopper, and feeding pyrolytic oil gas into a pyrolytic oil gas combustion system; the pyrolysis oil gas is fully combusted under the assistance of a porous medium preheating system and a draught fan to generate hot air; the hot air is conveyed to a thermal cracking system and a garbage gradient preheating system through a flue gas waste heat utilization system; after being crushed by the feeding hopper A, the high-moisture-content low-calorific-value garbage is sent into a garbage gradient preheating system, preheated by hot air and then sent into a thermal cracking system to be subjected to a pyrolysis reaction together with the low-moisture-content high-calorific-value garbage; the hot air is subjected to heat preservation and utilization by the pyrolysis reaction device, the high-water-content low-calorific-value garbage is subjected to multistage preheating, drying and utilization, then the garbage enters the tail gas treatment system to be subjected to filtration and purification treatment, and finally the qualified garbage is discharged.
In the multi-type garbage pyrolysis system, the garbage comprises but is not limited to one or more of domestic garbage, medical waste, municipal sludge, oily sludge, tire rubber and waste plastic, the high-moisture-content garbage enters from a feed hopper A, the moisture content of the high-moisture-content garbage is reduced to below 30% after multi-stage preheating, and the high-calorific-value garbage with the moisture content of 25% or below directly enters into a pyrolysis reaction device from a hopper B.
The method for treating the multi-type garbage by the multi-type garbage pyrolysis system comprises the following steps: carry out broken auger delivery and get into multistage gradient preheating system to high moisture content low heat value rubbish from feeder hopper A, preheat the drying back through the multistage gradient of high temperature flue gas and get into pyrolysis reaction device through the feed inlet, high heat value rubbish is direct to carry out broken spiral feeding from feeder hopper B, carry out the thermal cracking reaction at the pyrolysis device after preheating dry low heat value rubbish and high heat value rubbish mixture, later pyrolysis oil gas gets into pyrolysis oil gas combustion system from the pipeline, the system is equipped with porous medium preheating material, through high-efficient heating and the mixture to air and pyrolysis oil gas, realize abundant complete combustion of pyrolysis oil gas, later pyrolysis flue gas passes through the pipeline with heat transmission to pyrolysis reaction device heat preservation and high moisture content rubbish reverse preheating drying, realize energy cyclic utilization, later tail gas carries out waste heat utilization aftertreatment and discharges up to standard.
The invention has the following technical effects: (1) aiming at the layered treatment of the multi-type high-moisture-content component garbage, the invention provides the high-moisture-content multi-stage gradient preheating system, so that the overall stability of the pyrolysis system is improved, the pyrolysis efficiency is improved, and the energy consumption of pyrolysis operation is reduced.
(2) Utilize porous medium structural material, change pyrolysis oil gas and heated air's combustion method, improve the heat transfer mode of single-phase burning, promote combustion efficiency, the burning is more abundant, reduces simultaneously and produces the dioxin risk, promotes the heat and the waste heat utilization efficiency of flue gas.
(3) The system integrates garbage crushing and heating pretreatment, flue gas pre-deacidification, a pyrolysis process, pyrolysis oil gas efficient combustion and flue gas waste heat utilization, can continuously treat various garbage components, and realizes the stable operation of a pyrolysis system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present multi-type waste pyrolysis system.
Wherein, 1 feeder hopper A, 2 broken screw conveyer, 3 multistage gradient preheaters, 4 rubbish gradient preheating system, 5 feeder hopper B, 6 heating temperature regulating device, 7 gradient preheating rubbish feed inlets, 8 pyrolytic reaction device, 9 device heat preservation, 10 pyrolysis charcoal export, 11 spiral conveyer and connect the hopper, 12 pyrolysis oil gas export, 13 draught fan, 14 porous medium preheating system, 15 pyrolysis oil combustion system, 16 exhanst gas outlet, 17 exhanst gas three-phase dish leads the valve, 18 heat transfer device, 19 quick lime or urea feeder hopper, 20 tail gas processing system, 21 smoke and dust collection hopper.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1: the system is characterized by comprising a garbage gradient preheating system (1), a thermal cracking system (2), a pyrolysis oil gas combustion system (3), a flue gas waste heat utilization system (4), a pyrolysis reactor heating temperature control system (5) and a tail gas treatment system (6).
(1) Garbage gradient preheating system: the system comprises a high-water-content low-calorific-value garbage crushing feed hopper A and a multi-stage gradient preheater which are vertically and alternately connected, wherein the upper part of the preheater is provided with a synergistic deacidification quicklime or urea feed hopper for performing certain deacidification and denitration synergistic pretreatment on flue gas;
(2) a thermal cracking system: the system comprises a low-water-content high-calorific-value garbage crushing feed hopper B and a pyrolysis reaction device, wherein the pyrolysis reaction device comprises a gradient preheating garbage feed inlet, a heating temperature control device, a flue gas heat preservation system, a pyrolysis oil gas outlet and a pyrolysis carbon discharge port, and the pyrolysis carbon discharge port is provided with a spiral discharge conveying device and a receiving hopper;
(3) pyrolysis oil gas combustion system: the system comprises an induced draft fan, a porous medium preheating system and a flue gas outlet, air is preheated in a combustion system through porous media, pyrolysis oil gas can be fully combusted in the porous media in a multi-density mode, the high-efficiency utilization of the heat value of the pyrolysis oil gas is realized, hot flue gas annular convection is formed in a combustion chamber, and the hot flue gas is discharged through the flue gas outlet;
(4) flue gas waste heat utilization system: the system comprises a flue gas three-phase disc-through valve and a heat exchange device, wherein flue gas is subjected to heat preservation and utilization by a pyrolysis reaction device, high-water-content low-calorific-value garbage is subjected to multi-stage preheating, drying and utilization, and then, the residual heat enters the heat exchange device for heat exchange and is utilized in other modes;
(5) the pyrolysis reactor heats the temperature control system: the system comprises a heating temperature control device, a device heat insulation layer and combustion flue gas waste heat utilization, wherein the heating temperature control device is used for heating to the temperature required by the system in the starting stage of the pyrolysis reactor, then the combustion flue gas is used for heating the pyrolysis device, and the heat insulation layer and the temperature control device are used for heat insulation;
(6) and (3) a tail gas treatment system: the combustion flue gas is subjected to heat preservation and utilization by a pyrolysis device and multistage preheating and utilization of high-water-content and low-calorific-value garbage, the flue gas enters a tail gas treatment system for treatment after heat exchange, and is qualified for discharge after filtration and purification; the particulate matter enters a smoke dust collecting hopper.
The garbage treated by the invention comprises but is not limited to one or more of domestic garbage, medical waste, municipal sludge, oily sludge, tire rubber and waste plastic, the high-moisture-content and low-calorific-value garbage enters from a feed hopper A, the moisture content is reduced to below 30% after multi-stage preheating, and the high-calorific-value garbage with the moisture content of 25% or below directly enters a pyrolysis reaction device from a hopper B; the gradient preheating system can be provided with a primary preheater, a secondary preheater and a tertiary preheater from top to bottom in sequence, furthermore, the preheaters can be increased or decreased according to the moisture content of the garbage, and preferably, a three-level preheater is arranged to remove moisture and achieve the best preheating efficiency; the pyrolysis reaction device can adopt one of a rotary reactor and a spiral conveying tubular reactor; the pyrolysis reaction device can introduce micro-oxygen according to different reaction conditions, introduce an anaerobic environment of inert atmosphere, and reduce the reaction temperature by adopting a system environment of vacuum negative pressure; porous media include, but are not limited to, other materials such as honeycomb ceramic type, foamed ceramic type, and the like porous media.
Carry out broken screw conveyor 2 and get into multistage gradient preheating system 4 to high moisture content low heat value rubbish from feeder hopper A, get into pyrolysis reaction device 8 after the drying is preheated to high temperature flue gas multistage gradient, high heat value rubbish is direct to carry out broken screw feeding from feeder hopper B, carry out the thermal cracking reaction at the pyrolysis device after preheating dry low heat value rubbish and high heat value rubbish and mixing, later pyrolysis oil gas 12 gets into pyrolysis oil gas combustion system 15, the system is equipped with porous medium preheating material 14, through high-efficient heating and the mixing to air 14 and pyrolysis oil gas, realize the abundant complete combustion of pyrolysis oil gas, later pyrolysis flue gas 15 keeps warm and high moisture content rubbish reverse preheating drying to pyrolysis reaction device, realize energy cyclic utilization, later tail gas carries out discharge up to standard after handling 20 to tail gas after waste heat utilization 18.
Example 2: the system is used for carrying out experiments on the household garbage collected and transported in different areas, the water content of a part of household garbage is about 65 percent, the water content of a part of screened household garbage is about 30 percent, the household garbage with the water content of 30 percent is firstly put into a feed hopper B to be crushed into particles with the particle size of about 15mm, then the temperature of a pyrolysis reactor is gradually increased to 650 ℃ by utilizing a heating temperature control device, the pyrolysis temperature is kept at 650 ℃ for 2 hours, pyrolysis residues after pyrolysis reaction are screwed into a hopper 11 through an outlet 10, pyrolysis oil gas enters a combustion device 15 through a pyrolysis oil gas pipeline 12, air is blown in through an igniter, the pyrolysis oil gas is combusted in porous media, the temperature is kept at about 850 ℃, the heated porous media effectively preheat the air entering the system and fully combust the pyrolysis oil gas after fully contacting the pyrolysis oil gas, and the pyrolysis flue gas heat can heat and preserve the device through a heat preservation system 9, along with the going on of reaction, open gradient and preheat rubbish feed inlet and hot flue gas entry, put into feeder hopper A breakage to 15mm with the domestic waste of moisture content about 65%, later get into multistage gradient and preheat the system, set up the one-level pre-heater, the secondary preheater, tertiary pre-heater, put into a certain amount of quick lime cooperation high temperature flue gas deacidification in advance simultaneously in the reinforced while in one-level pre-heater upper portion, control feed rate makes the rubbish moisture content after preheating fall to about 30%, later get into the pyrolysis device and carry out common pyrolysis, then carry out reaction unit heating heat preservation and rubbish preheating drying behind the pyrolysis oil gas burning, later carry out up to standard emission behind the exhaust-heat utilization after the tail gas treatment.
Claims (13)
1. A multi-type garbage pyrolysis system is characterized by comprising a garbage gradient preheating system, a thermal cracking system, a pyrolysis oil gas combustion system, a flue gas waste heat utilization system, a pyrolysis reactor heating temperature control system and a tail gas treatment system;
the garbage gradient preheating system is used for crushing and preheating the high-water-content low-heat-value garbage and sending the crushed and preheated high-water-content low-heat-value garbage into the thermal cracking system;
the thermal cracking system is used for carrying out a pyrolysis reaction on the garbage with low water content and high calorific value and the garbage with high water content and low calorific value, the produced pyrolytic carbon is discharged, and the pyrolytic oil gas is sent to the pyrolytic oil gas combustion system;
the pyrolysis oil gas combustion system fully combusts pyrolysis oil gas and heats air, and the heated hot air is sent to the flue gas waste heat utilization system;
the flue gas waste heat utilization system sends heated hot air into the thermal cracking system and the garbage gradient preheating system; heating and insulating the pyrolysis reaction system by using hot air, and preheating the high-water-content low-calorific-value garbage in the garbage gradient preheating system by using the hot air;
the pyrolysis reactor heating temperature control system is used for heating, controlling temperature and preserving heat of the thermal cracking system;
and the tail gas treatment system is used for filtering and purifying the hot air passing through the flue gas waste heat utilization system and then discharging the hot air.
2. The multi-type waste pyrolysis system of claim 1, wherein the waste gradient preheating system comprises a feed hopper A, a plurality of vertically alternately connected multi-stage gradient preheaters; the feed hopper A is connected with the multistage gradient preheater and is used for conveying the garbage with high water content and low heat value into the multistage gradient preheater.
3. The multi-type waste pyrolysis system of claim 1, wherein the thermal cracking system comprises a feed hopper B, a pyrolysis reaction device; the feed hopper B is connected with the pyrolysis reaction device and is used for feeding the garbage with low water content and high calorific value into the pyrolysis reaction device; the pyrolysis reaction device comprises a gradient preheating garbage feeding hole, a pyrolysis oil gas outlet and a pyrolysis carbon discharging hole; the gradient preheating garbage feeding port is connected with a garbage gradient preheating system; the pyrolysis oil gas outlet is connected with the pyrolysis oil gas combustion system; and a spiral discharging and conveying device and a receiving hopper are arranged on the pyrolytic carbon discharging port.
4. The multi-type waste pyrolysis system of claim 1, wherein the pyrolysis oil gas combustion system comprises an induced draft fan, a porous medium preheating system and a flue gas outlet; the induced draft fan introduces air into the porous medium preheating system, mixes the air with pyrolysis oil gas and then fully burns the air to generate high-temperature hot air.
5. The multi-type garbage pyrolysis system of claim 1, wherein the flue gas waste heat utilization system conveys hot air to the thermal cracking system and the garbage gradient preheating system through a flue gas three-phase disc-through valve respectively; the flue gas waste heat utilization system also comprises a heat exchange device; the heat exchange device is arranged in front of the tail gas treatment system and used for carrying out heat exchange utilization on the final preheating.
6. The multi-type waste pyrolysis system of claim 1, wherein the pyrolysis reactor heating temperature control system comprises a heating temperature control device, a device insulation layer; the heating temperature control device is arranged on the thermal cracking system and is used for heating and controlling the temperature of the thermal cracking system; the device heat preservation layer is arranged outside the thermal cracking system and used for preserving heat of the thermal cracking system.
7. The multi-type waste pyrolysis system of claim 2, wherein the multi-stage gradient preheater is provided with a co-deacidification feed hopper; the synergistic deacidification feed hopper is used for adding quicklime or urea.
8. The multi-type garbage pyrolysis system of claim 2, wherein the feed hopper A is provided with a screw conveyor crusher for conveying and crushing the high-moisture-content low-calorific-value garbage.
9. The multi-type garbage pyrolysis system of claim 2, wherein the multi-stage preheater is provided with a primary preheater, a secondary preheater, and a tertiary preheater.
10. The multi-type waste pyrolysis system of claim 3, wherein the pyrolysis reaction device is a rotary reactor or a spiral conveying pipe reactor.
11. The multi-type garbage pyrolysis system of claim 3, wherein the pyrolysis reaction device is provided with a sealing cabin door, and when the sealing cabin door is closed, the pyrolysis reaction device is in a fully closed structure; a gas environment adjusting device is arranged on the pyrolysis reaction device; the gas environment adjusting device is used for adjusting the oxygen content and the gas pressure in the pyrolysis reaction device.
12. The multi-type waste pyrolysis system of claim 4, wherein the porous media in the porous media preheating system is a honeycomb ceramic type porous media or a foamed ceramic type porous media.
13. The method for processing the multiple types of garbage by the multiple types of garbage pyrolysis system according to claims 1-12, wherein the garbage with low water content and high calorific value is sent into the feeding hopper B to be crushed and then sent into the thermal cracking system, the pyrolysis reaction is carried out in the pyrolysis reaction device, the pyrolysis reactor is heated by the heating temperature control device in the starting stage to reach the required temperature of the system, then the pyrolysis device is heated by the combustion flue gas, and the thermal insulation is carried out by the thermal insulation layer and the temperature control device; discharging the produced pyrolytic carbon to a receiving hopper, and feeding pyrolytic oil gas into a pyrolytic oil gas combustion system; the pyrolysis oil gas is fully combusted under the assistance of a porous medium preheating system and a draught fan to generate hot air; the hot air is conveyed to a thermal cracking system and a garbage gradient preheating system through a flue gas waste heat utilization system; after being crushed by the feeding hopper A, the high-moisture-content low-calorific-value garbage is sent into a garbage gradient preheating system, preheated by hot air and then sent into a thermal cracking system to be subjected to a pyrolysis reaction together with the low-moisture-content high-calorific-value garbage; the hot air is subjected to heat preservation and utilization by the pyrolysis reaction device, the high-water-content low-calorific-value garbage is subjected to multistage preheating, drying and utilization, then the garbage enters the tail gas treatment system to be subjected to filtration and purification treatment, and finally the qualified garbage is discharged.
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