CN112548341A - Laser-arc hybrid welding device - Google Patents
Laser-arc hybrid welding device Download PDFInfo
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- CN112548341A CN112548341A CN202010607234.8A CN202010607234A CN112548341A CN 112548341 A CN112548341 A CN 112548341A CN 202010607234 A CN202010607234 A CN 202010607234A CN 112548341 A CN112548341 A CN 112548341A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
- B23K26/348—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding in combination with arc heating, e.g. TIG [tungsten inert gas], MIG [metal inert gas] or plasma welding
Abstract
The invention provides a laser-arc hybrid welding device which can realize heterogeneous connection with high connection strength. A laser-arc hybrid welding device (1) is used for heterogeneous bonding, and is provided with: a laser torch (40) configured to irradiate the joint with laser light; and a welding torch (10) configured to generate an arc with the joint. The laser torch (40) is configured to irradiate the joint with pulsed laser light.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to a laser arc hybrid welding apparatus used in a hetero-junction.
Background
Japanese patent laying-open No. 2003-205377 (patent document 1) discloses a hybrid welding method using a laser and an arc. In this hybrid welding method, in order to ensure both the penetration depth and the welding interface width without increasing the average output of the heat source, the beam diameter of the laser beam is increased to increase the welding interface width, and the laser beam is output in a pulse oscillation mode to reduce the power density. The pulse frequency of the laser is set to a value suitable for the welding speed in order to suppress the penetration depth from being wavy in the welding direction (see patent document 1).
Documents of the prior art
Patent document
Patent document 1: JP 2003-205377A
In welding of heterogeneous joints (for example, joining of a hot-dip galvanized steel sheet such as a GI steel sheet or a GA steel sheet and an aluminum alloy sheet), Intermetallic compounds (IMCs) are generated along with the welding. Since the intermetallic compound is more brittle than the base material itself, the bonding strength is reduced when the amount of the intermetallic compound formed increases.
The intermetallic compound is often generated in the vicinity of the interface between the weld metal and the base material. Therefore, in the welding of the heterogeneous joint, it is necessary to sufficiently secure the joint strength between the weld metal and the base metal.
Further, when the heat input amount (J) to the joint portion is large, the amount of the intermetallic compound produced becomes large. Therefore, in the welding of the dissimilar joint, since the joint strength is reduced when the heat input amount (J) to the joint portion is large, it is necessary to appropriately suppress the heat input amount (J) to the joint portion.
Disclosure of Invention
The present disclosure has been made to achieve the above-described object, and an object of the present disclosure is to provide a laser arc hybrid welding apparatus capable of achieving a heterogeneous joint with high joint strength.
The disclosed laser arc hybrid welding device is used in a heterojunction, and is provided with: a laser torch configured to irradiate a laser beam to the joint; and a welding torch configured to generate an arc with the joint. The laser torch is configured to irradiate a pulsed laser beam to the joint.
The laser arc hybrid welding device is used in a heterogeneous joint. In this welding apparatus, the laser beam is irradiated in a pulse shape to the joint portion, and therefore, the penetration shape at the joint portion can be provided with irregularities. By providing the projection and recess in the penetration shape, the contact area between the weld metal and the base material becomes large, and the bonding strength between the weld metal and the base material can be improved. In addition, in this welding apparatus, since the pulsed laser light is irradiated, the heat input amount (J) to the joint portion is suppressed. This suppresses the amount of intermetallic compound produced, and can suppress a decrease in bonding strength. Therefore, according to the laser arc hybrid welding apparatus, the heterogeneous joint having high joint strength can be realized.
The laser torch may irradiate the laser beam to the joint portion so that the penetration shape at the joint portion has a plurality of convex portions by the pulsed laser beam.
By such laser irradiation, the amount of heat input (J) to the joint portion can be suppressed, and the joint strength between the weld metal and the base metal can be improved by the anchor effect caused by the plurality of projections. Therefore, according to the laser arc hybrid welding apparatus, the heterogeneous joint having high joint strength can be realized.
The laser torch may include a diffractive Optical element (hereinafter referred to as "doe (diffractive Optical element)") configured to shape the laser beam to be irradiated. Further, the laser may be processed by DOE so that a plurality of laser irradiation points are formed in the width direction of the weld.
According to this laser arc hybrid welding apparatus, since the irradiation region of the laser beam is enlarged in the width direction of the welding by the DOE, a wide bead width can be easily formed. As a result, the bonding strength can be improved.
When the laser torch includes the DOE, the laser torch may be configured to irradiate a pulsed laser beam of 1Hz to 250 Hz.
Although it depends on the welding speed, if the pulse frequency of the laser light is less than 1Hz, the irradiation interval of the laser light in the welding direction becomes too wide, and the above-described anchor effect by the pulse-shaped laser light irradiation may not be sufficiently obtained. On the other hand, if the pulse frequency of the laser light exceeds 250Hz, the amount of heat input (J) to the joint portion increases, and the amount of intermetallic compound generated may increase, thereby lowering the joint strength. According to this laser arc hybrid welding apparatus, since the pulsed laser beam of 1Hz to 250Hz is irradiated, the bonding strength between the weld metal and the base material can be improved by the anchoring effect as described above, and the amount of intermetallic compounds generated can be suppressed by suppressing the heat input amount (J) to the bonding portion.
The laser torch may include: a laser scanning device is configured to scan a laser beam in a laser beam irradiation region. Further, the laser scanning device may scan the laser beam so that a plurality of laser irradiation points are formed in the width direction of the weld.
According to this welding apparatus, since the laser beam irradiation region is enlarged in the welding width direction by the laser scanning device, the degree of freedom in forming a wide weld bead width is high.
The laser scanning device may be configured to irradiate a pulsed laser beam of 1Hz to 250 × n (n is an integer of 2 or more) Hz, and scan the laser beam so as to form a laser beam irradiation point of n points in the width direction of the weld.
According to this welding apparatus, when the laser torch includes the laser scanning apparatus, the bonding strength between the weld metal and the base material can be improved by the anchor effect, and the amount of heat input (J) to the bonding portion can be suppressed, thereby suppressing the amount of intermetallic compounds generated.
ADVANTAGEOUS EFFECTS OF INVENTION
According to the laser arc hybrid welding device of the present disclosure, the heterogeneous junction having high junction strength can be realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram showing an overall configuration of a laser arc hybrid welding apparatus according to the present disclosure.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a laser torch in embodiment 1.
Fig. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a melted portion formed at the time of welding.
Fig. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the irradiation pattern of the laser beam.
Fig. 5 is a diagram showing an example of arrangement of laser irradiation points formed on the base material.
Fig. 6 is a view showing an example of a cross section of a joint portion in fillet welding of a lap joint.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing the structure of a laser torch in embodiment 2.
Description of reference numerals
1 laser arc hybrid welding device
10 welding torch
20 welding wire
30 welding power supply device
40. 40A laser torch
41 DOE
42 lens
44 scanning mirror
45 optical axis control device
60 laser oscillation device
70 base material
73 bead
75 fusion hole
80 irradiation area
82 arc region
84 molten pool.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, the same or corresponding portions are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will not be repeated.
[ embodiment 1]
Fig. 1 is a diagram showing an overall configuration of a laser arc hybrid welding apparatus according to the present disclosure. Referring to fig. 1, a hybrid laser-arc welding apparatus 1 (hereinafter, referred to simply as "welding apparatus 1") includes a welding torch 10, a welding wire 20, a welding power supply apparatus 30, a laser torch 40, and a laser oscillation apparatus 60.
The welding apparatus 1 is used in the welding of a heterogeneous joint. The heterogeneous bonding is bonding of different materials, and the welding apparatus 1 is used for welding a hot-dip galvanized steel sheet such as a GI steel sheet or a GA steel sheet to an aluminum alloy sheet, for example. As the aluminum alloy sheet, not only soft aluminum but also hard aluminum such as 5000-numbered sections (e.g., 5052), 6000-numbered sections (e.g., 6063), 7000-numbered sections (e.g., 7075) in JIS standard can be used. One and the other of the base materials 70 to be joined to each other are joined by, for example, a lap fillet joint, a flare joint, or the like by the welding apparatus 1.
As described above, the welding apparatus 1 is used for welding of heterogeneous joints, but is not limited thereto, and may be used for welding of the same material.
The welding torch 10 and the welding power supply device 30 are devices for performing arc welding. The welding torch 10 supplies the welding wire 20 and a not-shown shielding gas to the joint of the base metal 70. The welding torch 10 receives a welding current from the welding power supply device 30, generates an arc 25 between the tip of the welding wire 20 and the joint of the base metal 70, and supplies a shielding gas (argon gas, carbonic acid gas, or the like) to the welded portion. Instead of the wire 20, a non-consumable electrode (tungsten, etc.) may be used. That is, arc welding using the welding torch 10 may be of a consumable electrode type (MAG welding, MIG welding, or the like) or a non-consumable electrode type (TIG welding, or the like).
The welding power supply device 30 generates a welding voltage and a welding current for arc welding, and outputs the generated welding voltage and welding current to the welding torch 10. In addition, the welding power supply apparatus 30 controls the feed speed of the welding wire 20 in the welding torch 10.
The laser torch 40 and the laser oscillator 60 are devices for performing laser welding. The laser torch 40 receives laser light from the laser oscillator 60 and irradiates the joining portion of the base material 70 with laser light.
In the welding apparatus 1 of the present disclosure, the laser torch 40 irradiates the base material 70 with a pulsed laser beam. For this purpose, the laser oscillator 60 generates pulsed laser light having a predetermined frequency, and outputs the pulsed laser light to the laser torch 40 through a transmission medium such as an optical fiber. The frequency of the pulsed laser light will be described later.
As described above, the welding apparatus 1 is used for welding of a heterogeneous junction. In the welding of the heterogeneous joint, intermetallic compounds (IMCs) are generated along with the welding. Since the intermetallic compound is more brittle than the base material itself, the bonding strength is reduced when the amount of the intermetallic compound formed increases.
The intermetallic compound is often generated in the vicinity of the interface between the weld metal (a portion where a molten pool solidifies during welding) and the base metal. Therefore, in the welding of the heterogeneous joint, it is necessary to sufficiently secure the joint strength between the weld metal and the base metal.
Further, when the heat input amount (J) to the joint portion is increased, the temperature (melting temperature) of the molten pool generated during welding is increased, and the depth (penetration depth) of the molten pool is also increased. Therefore, it takes time for the molten pool to solidify, and as a result, the amount of intermetallic compounds generated increases. For example, when a hot-dip galvanized steel sheet and an aluminum alloy sheet are welded, an alloy of iron and aluminum (FeAl, Fe) is formed at the joint by welding3Al、Fe2Al5、FeAl3Etc.) the more the heat input amount to the joint portion, the more the amount of the intermetallic compound generated. For this reason, in welding of the hetero-junction, it is necessary to appropriately suppress the heat input amount (J) to the junction.
Therefore, in the welding apparatus 1 according to the present disclosure, as described above, in the welding of the heterogeneous junction, the pulsed laser is irradiated to the junction portion. Thus, the weld metal can be formed so that the penetration shape has a plurality of projections. Then, the anchoring effect by the plurality of projections can improve the bonding strength between the weld metal and the base metal. Further, the laser is pulsed to suppress the heat input amount (J) to the joining portion. This suppresses the amount of intermetallic compound produced, and can suppress a decrease in bonding strength.
In the welding apparatus 1 according to embodiment 1, the laser torch 40 includes a DOE for processing the laser light irradiated to the base material 70. In embodiment 1, laser light received from the laser oscillation device 60 is processed by DOE so that a plurality of laser irradiation points are formed in the width direction of the weld on the base material 70.
Fig. 2 is a view schematically showing the structure of the laser torch 40 shown in fig. 1. Referring to fig. 2, laser torch 40 includes DOE41 and lens 42. The DOE41 and the lens 42 are provided in the laser torch 40 so that the laser beam output from the laser oscillation device 60 passes through in this order. The laser beam output from the laser oscillation device 60 is irradiated to the base material 70 through the DOE41 and the lens 42, and an irradiation region 80 is formed in the base material 70.
The DOE41 processes the laser beam received from the laser oscillation device 60 into a desired beam pattern by utilizing a diffraction phenomenon. In embodiment 1, the DOE41 processes the laser beam so as to split the incident beam received from the laser oscillation device 60 into a plurality of beams in the width direction of the weld (Y-axis direction in the drawing) (described in detail later). The irradiation region 80 on the base material 70 is enlarged in the width direction of the welding (Y-axis direction in the figure) as compared with the case where the DOE41 is not provided. This results in a wide bead width and improved welding strength.
The lens 42 collects the laser light processed by the DOE41 and outputs the laser light to the base material 70.
Fig. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a melted portion formed at the time of welding. In fig. 3, the X-axis direction indicates the traveling direction of welding (welding direction), and the Y-axis direction indicates the width direction of welding. Referring to fig. 3, an irradiation region 80 of the laser light is formed in front of a welding direction of an arc region 82 generated by the arc 25 (fig. 1) of the welding torch 10. That is, in the welding apparatus 1, the laser torch 40 irradiates the laser before the arc discharge of the welding torch 10. Further, the region 84 indicates a molten pool in which the member is molten in the base material 70.
In the irradiation region 80 of the laser light, a plurality of irradiation points (4 points in this example) are formed along the width direction (Y-axis direction) of the weld. That is, the DOE41 (fig. 2) processes the laser light so that the incident light received from the laser oscillation device 60 is split into a plurality of beams (4 beams in this example) in the width direction of the weld (Y-axis direction in the drawing). Since the laser light to be irradiated is pulsed, a plurality of laser light irradiation points along the width direction of the weld are formed in the irradiation region 80.
The depth of penetration of the irradiated region 80 by laser irradiation is deeper than the depth of penetration of the arc region 82 by arc. That is, the laser output from the laser oscillator 60 is adjusted so that the penetration depth of the laser irradiation region 80 is deeper than the penetration depth of the arc region 82.
The interval between adjacent laser irradiation points is preferably about 1mm to 2 mm. If the interval is less than 1mm, the laser light is concentrated, and thus the heat input amount (J) in the laser irradiated portion increases, the amount of intermetallic compounds generated increases, and the bonding strength may decrease. On the other hand, if the interval exceeds 2mm, the irradiation interval of the laser beam becomes too wide, and there is a possibility that the anchor effect by the pulsed laser beam irradiation cannot be sufficiently obtained. However, the above-mentioned interval is not necessarily limited to 1mm to 2 mm.
In the illustrated example, 4 laser irradiation points are formed in the width direction of the weld, but the number of laser irradiation points is not limited thereto, and may be less than 4 or more than 4.
Fig. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the irradiation pattern of the laser beam. In fig. 4, the vertical axis represents the output of laser light, and the horizontal axis represents time. Referring to fig. 4, pulsed laser light having a cycle of 1/f (f is a frequency) is output from the laser torch 40.
In the welding apparatus 1 according to embodiment 1, the pulse frequency f of the laser light is set to a predetermined frequency within a range of 1Hz to 250 Hz. Although it depends on the welding speed, if the frequency f is less than 1Hz, the irradiation interval of the laser beam in the welding direction becomes too wide, and the anchor effect due to the pulsed laser beam irradiation may not be sufficiently obtained. On the other hand, in high-speed welding at a welding speed of, for example, 6000 mm/min, the frequency f needs to be set to 100Hz in order to perform laser irradiation at intervals of 1mm in the welding direction in order to sufficiently obtain the anchor effect by the laser irradiation. In consideration of further speeding up in the future, the desired frequency f is higher, but if the frequency f exceeds 250Hz, the amount of heat input (J) to the joint portion increases, and the amount of intermetallic compound generated increases, and the joint strength may decrease. Therefore, in embodiment 1, the frequency f of the laser light is set in the range of 1Hz to 250Hz as described above.
The frequency f of the laser is preferably about 5Hz to 20 Hz. For example, when the welding speed is 1200 mm/min, the laser irradiation interval in the welding direction is 1mm when the frequency f is 20 Hz. For example, when the welding speed is 900 mm/min, the laser irradiation interval in the welding direction is 3mm when the frequency f is 5 Hz.
In the illustrated example, the pulse shape of the laser light is an intermittent rectangle, but the pulse shape is not limited to this. The pulse shape of the laser light may be a trapezoidal shape or a smooth curved shape. In addition, the laser output at off-peak time may not be 0. That is, the laser output level can be changed in continuous laser output. The laser output at the peak is not necessarily constant, and may be changed as appropriate in accordance with welding conditions and the like.
Fig. 5 is a diagram showing an example of arrangement of laser irradiation points formed on the base material 70. Referring to fig. 5, a plurality of laser irradiation points (4 in this example) are formed in the width direction (Y-axis direction) of the weld by the DOE 41. The welding width direction interval W between adjacent irradiation points is, for example, about 1mm to 2mm as described above.
Since the laser light emitted from the laser torch 40 is pulsed, rows of laser light irradiation points formed in the welding width direction by the DOE41 are formed at intervals L in the welding direction (X-axis direction). The interval L between the laser irradiation points in the welding direction is, for example, about 1mm to 3mm depending on the welding speed and the pulse frequency f of the laser. Since each laser irradiation point has a projection in the penetration shape, the bonding strength between the weld metal and the base material is increased by the anchor effect of the projection in each laser irradiation point.
Fig. 6 is a view showing an example of a cross section of a joint portion in fillet welding of a lap joint. Referring to fig. 6, in this example, a base material 70 includes a GI steel plate 71, and an aluminum alloy plate 72 superposed on the GI steel plate 71. The weld bead 73 is formed by fillet welding the GI steel plate 71 and the aluminum alloy plate 72 with the welding apparatus 1.
At a contact portion 74 between the weld bead 73 and the GI steel plate 71 of the base material, a protruding fusion hole 75 is formed on the GI steel plate 71 side of the base material by laser irradiation of the laser torch 40. The position of the fusion hole 75 corresponds to the laser irradiation point of the laser torch 40. Then, the fusion hole 75 is filled with the molten metal by arc welding of the welding torch 10. The anchoring effect of the fusion hole 75 can improve the joint strength at the contact portion 74 of the weld bead 73 and the GI steel plate 71.
Further, by the pulse-shaped laser irradiation, the heat input to the welded portion is suppressed as compared with the case of continuously irradiating the laser, and therefore the amount of the intermetallic compound generated in the contact portion 74 is also suppressed. Therefore, in this regard as well, the joint strength in the contact portion 74 of the weld bead 73 and the GI steel plate 71 can be improved.
As described above, in embodiment 1, the welding apparatus 1 is used for welding heterogeneous joints, and the laser torch 40 irradiates a pulsed laser beam to the joint. Thus, a plurality of projections are formed in the penetration shape at the joint portion, and the joint strength between the weld metal and the base material can be improved by the anchoring effect of the projections. Further, since the laser beam irradiated to the base material 70 is pulsed, the heat input amount (J) to the joining portion is suppressed. This suppresses the amount of intermetallic compound produced, and can suppress a decrease in bonding strength. Therefore, according to embodiment 1, the hetero-junction having high junction strength can be realized.
In embodiment 1, the laser torch 40 is provided with DOE41, and a plurality of laser irradiation points are formed in the width direction of the weld by DOE 41. Therefore, according to embodiment 1, the laser irradiation spot as described above can be easily formed. Further, since the laser irradiation region is enlarged in the width direction of the welding by the DOE41, a wide bead width can be formed. As a result, the bonding strength can be improved.
[ embodiment 2]
In embodiment 1, the irradiation region 80 as shown in fig. 2 is formed by the DOE 41. In embodiment 2, a laser scanning device capable of scanning a laser beam irradiated to the base material 70 on the base material 70 is provided in the laser torch instead of the DOE. Then, a laser scanning device scans the base material 70 with a laser beam to form a large number of laser irradiation points on the base material 70.
The overall configuration of the laser arc hybrid welding apparatus according to embodiment 2 is the same as that of welding apparatus 1 shown in fig. 1.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing the structure of a laser torch in embodiment 2. Referring to fig. 7, the laser torch 40A includes a scanning mirror 44 and an optical axis control device 45 in the laser torch 40 shown in fig. 2 in place of the DOE 41.
The scanning mirror 44 and the optical axis control device 45 constitute a laser scanning device capable of scanning the laser beam on the base material 70. The scanning mirror 44 reflects the laser beam received from the laser oscillator 60 and outputs the reflected laser beam to the lens 42. The scanning mirror 44 is configured to be capable of changing its orientation by the optical axis controller 45, and capable of changing the irradiation position 81 of the laser beam irradiated through the lens 42. The scanning mirror 44 includes, for example: an X-scan mirror capable of changing the irradiation position 81 in the X direction; and a Y scanning mirror capable of changing the irradiation position 81 in the Y direction.
The optical axis control device 45 includes: a drive device for changing the angle of the scanning mirror 44; and a control device (not shown) for adjusting the irradiation position 81 of the laser light by controlling the drive device. The driving device is composed of, for example, an X-axis motor for rotationally driving the X-scanning mirror and a Y-axis motor for rotationally driving the Y-scanning mirror.
The laser torch 40A outputs a pulse-shaped laser beam and scans the base material 70 with the laser beam, thereby forming a large number of laser irradiation points on the base material 70. In the welding apparatus according to embodiment 2, in order to achieve the same welding speed and form the same laser irradiation point as the welding apparatus 1 described in embodiment 1, it is necessary to multiply the frequency f of the pulsed laser light irradiated from the laser torch 40A by n (n is an integer of 2 or more) (in the case where the welding apparatus 1 according to the embodiment forms the laser irradiation point of n points in the welding width direction). In embodiment 2, the laser irradiation points formed on the base material 70 are not in a grid shape as shown in fig. 5, but are in a zigzag shape as shown in fig. 7.
As described above, according to embodiment 2, the same effects as those of embodiment 1 can be obtained. Further, according to embodiment 2, since the laser beam irradiation region is enlarged in the welding width direction by using the laser beam scanning device (the scanning mirror 44 and the optical axis control device 45), the degree of freedom in forming a wide weld bead width is high.
The embodiments disclosed herein are illustrative in all respects and should not be considered as being limiting. The scope of the present invention is defined by the scope of the claims rather than the description of the above embodiments, and is intended to include meanings equivalent to the scope of the claims and all modifications within the scope.
Claims (6)
1. A laser arc hybrid welding device for use in a heterogeneous junction, the laser arc hybrid welding device comprising:
a laser torch configured to irradiate a laser beam to the joint; and
a welding torch configured to generate an arc with the joint portion,
the laser torch is configured to irradiate the joining portion with a pulsed laser beam.
2. The laser arc hybrid welding device according to claim 1,
the laser torch irradiates the joining portion with laser light such that a penetration shape at the joining portion has a plurality of convex portions by the pulsed laser light.
3. Laser arc hybrid welding device according to claim 1 or 2,
the laser torch includes a diffractive optical element configured to shape the irradiated laser light,
the diffractive optical element processes the laser light such that a plurality of laser light irradiation points are formed in a width direction of the weld.
4. The laser arc hybrid welding device according to claim 3,
the laser torch is configured to irradiate a pulsed laser beam of 1Hz to 250 Hz.
5. Laser arc hybrid welding device according to claim 1 or 2,
the laser torch includes: a laser scanning device configured to scan a laser beam in a laser beam irradiation region,
the laser scanning device scans laser light so that a plurality of laser light irradiation points are formed in a width direction of a weld.
6. The laser arc hybrid welding device according to claim 5,
the laser scanning device is configured to irradiate a pulsed laser beam of 1Hz to 250 Xn Hz, where n is an integer of 2 or more, and scan the laser beam so as to form a laser irradiation point of n points in the width direction of the weld.
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| CN108188582B (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2020-09-29 | 大连理工大学 | Laser-electric arc composite filler wire welding method for preparing magnesium/steel dissimilar metal |
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