CN112543397A - Particle vibration velocity sensor microarray for voice pickup and voice pickup method - Google Patents
Particle vibration velocity sensor microarray for voice pickup and voice pickup method Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
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Abstract
The invention relates to a particle vibration velocity sensor microarray for voice pickup, which comprises particle vibration velocity sensitive elements and a sound pressure sensitive element (2), and comprises 2 groups of particle vibration velocity sensitive elements (11,12), wherein each group of particle vibration velocity sensitive elements are symmetrically distributed, the symmetric centers of the 2 groups of particle vibration velocity sensitive elements are the same, the 2 groups of particle vibration velocity sensitive elements are vertically distributed, and the sound pressure sensitive element (2) is positioned at the symmetric center. The invention also provides a voice pickup method. The invention has the advantages of less channels, high signal-to-noise ratio and small size, and effectively realizes 360-degree omnibearing voice pickup.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a particle velocity sensor microarray for voice pickup and a voice pickup method.
Background
In a real complex environment, when a single microphone picks up a speech signal, the single microphone inevitably receives voice interference from ambient environment noise, transmission medium noise, room reverberation and other speakers, and when far-field sound pickup is performed, the speech pickup quality and the speech recognition rate are seriously affected. To overcome the disadvantages of a single microphone, a microphone array is usually used for far-field speech pickup. The microphone array can perform space-time spectrum processing on sound pressure signals in different spatial directions, so that the functions of noise suppression, reverberation removal, human voice interference suppression, sound source direction finding, sound source tracking, array gain and the like are realized, high-quality far-field pickup is completed at the front end of voice interaction, and the voice recognition rate in a real environment is improved. The traditional microphone array is limited by a half-wavelength theory, the more the number of the microphones is, the larger the aperture is, the defects of airspace aliasing, high operation complexity and the like exist, and the design freedom and the application scene of the microphone array are greatly limited.
The voice sound field has both scalar field (sound pressure) and vector field (particle vibration velocity), and both the sound pressure and the particle vibration velocity carry abundant voice information. Existing microphone arrays are all based on sound pressure microphones, such as common MEMS microphones, microphones and microphones in the market; at present, two measurement methods are mainly used for measuring the vibration velocity of a voice particle, one is an indirect measurement method, the particle vibration velocity is calculated by forming a sound pressure gradient through two sound pressure sensors with a certain distance (patent number: 201310726022), but the method is limited by conditions of amplitude, phase frequency consistency, physical distance and the like among sound pressure microphones, and has the defects of low sensitivity, narrow response frequency band, large measurement error and the like; the other is a direct measurement means, and the air sound particle vibration velocity sensitive element manufactured based on an MEMS thermal type flow measurement mechanism (patent number: 201310752209) has directivity, 8-shaped directional characteristic which does not change along with frequency and directional gain, is widely applied to the aspects of advanced individual equipment, sniper positioning, noise source identification, passive acoustic radar and the like, but is not applied to the technical field of voice interaction.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a particle vibration velocity sensor microarray for voice pickup and a voice pickup method, which have the advantages of few channels, high signal-to-noise ratio and small size and effectively realize 360-degree omnibearing voice pickup.
Based on the same inventive concept, the invention has two independent technical schemes:
1. a particle vibration velocity sensor microarray for voice pickup comprises particle vibration velocity sensitive elements and sound pressure sensitive elements, and comprises 2 groups of particle vibration velocity sensitive elements, wherein each group of particle vibration velocity sensitive elements are symmetrically distributed, the symmetric centers of the 2 groups of particle vibration velocity sensitive elements are the same, the 2 groups of particle vibration velocity sensitive elements are vertically distributed, and the sound pressure sensitive elements are positioned at the symmetric centers; and the signal output ends of the 2 groups of particle vibration velocity sensitive elements and the signal output end of the sound pressure sensitive element are connected with the signal input end of a rear-end acquisition processing circuit.
Further, the 2 groups of particle vibration velocity sensitive elements are arranged on a microarray skeleton, the microarray skeleton is a regular tetrahedral prism, and the 2 groups of particle vibration velocity sensitive elements are symmetrically distributed on the side surface of the regular tetrahedral prism; the sound pressure sensitive elements are distributed on the upper end face of the regular tetrahedral prism, and the center of the sound pressure sensitive elements is the same as the symmetry center of the regular tetrahedral prism.
Further, 2 group's mass point velocity of vibration sensing element, sound pressure sensing element set up on the microarray skeleton, the microarray skeleton is planar skeleton, and 2 group's mass point velocity of vibration sensing element are the cross and distribute, sound pressure sensing element is located criss-cross central point puts.
Further, a protective cover is arranged on the outer side of the microarray framework.
Furthermore, 1 sound pressure sensitive element is arranged; each group of particle vibration velocity sensitive elements is provided with 2n particle vibration velocity sensitive elements, n is more than or equal to 1, and the size of n is determined according to the signal-to-noise ratio and the size of the particle vibration velocity sensor microarray.
Furthermore, all the mass point vibration velocity sensitive elements on the same side surface of each group of mass point vibration velocity sensitive elements are distributed in parallel at equal intervals.
Further, the particle vibration velocity sensitive element is a particle vibration velocity sensitive element based on a MEMS thermal type flow measurement mechanism.
Further, the sound pressure sensitive element is an electret or silicon-microphone sound pressure sensitive element.
2. A voice picking method using the particle vibration velocity sensor microarray for voice picking comprises the steps that a signal output end of the 2 groups of particle vibration velocity sensitive elements and a signal of the sound pressure sensitive element respectively output a 2-channel particle vibration velocity signal and a 1-channel sound pressure signal, and a rear-end acquisition processing circuit conducts sound source orientation according to the input 2-channel particle vibration velocity signal and the input 1-channel sound pressure signal.
Furthermore, the back-end acquisition processing circuit firstly carries out symmetrical analog summation on the particle vibration velocity analog signals output by the 2 groups of particle vibration velocity sensitive elements, and then carries out sound source orientation based on the trigonometric function relationship between the 2 channels of particle vibration velocity signals and the 1 channel of sound pressure signals.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the device comprises mass point vibration velocity sensitive elements and sound pressure sensitive elements, and comprises 2 groups of mass point vibration velocity sensitive elements, wherein each group of mass point vibration velocity sensitive elements are symmetrically distributed, the symmetric centers of the 2 groups of mass point vibration velocity sensitive elements are the same, the 2 groups of mass point vibration velocity sensitive elements are vertically distributed, and the sound pressure sensitive elements are positioned at the symmetric centers. The invention has fewer channels, 1 sound pressure channel and 2 particle vibration velocity channels; the size is small, the structure of the microarray is compact, and the particle vibration velocity sensitive elements and the sound pressure sensitive elements are densely arranged; the signal-to-noise ratio can be effectively improved by adding a particle vibration velocity sensitive element. The invention has the advantages of less channels, high signal-to-noise ratio and small size, and effectively realizes 360-degree omnibearing voice pickup.
The 2 groups of particle vibration velocity sensitive elements and the sound pressure sensitive elements are arranged on a microarray framework, the microarray framework is a regular tetrahedral prism, and the 2 groups of particle vibration velocity sensitive elements are symmetrically distributed on the side surface of the regular tetrahedral prism; the sound pressure sensitive elements are distributed on the upper end face of the regular tetrahedral prism, and the center of each sound pressure sensitive element is the same as the symmetry center of the regular tetrahedral prism; 2 group's mass point velocity of vibration sensing element, sound pressure sensing element set up on the microarray skeleton, the microarray skeleton is plane skeleton, and 2 group's mass point velocity of vibration sensing elements are the cross and distribute, sound pressure sensing element is located criss-cross central point puts. The invention adopts the microarray arrangement mode, has compact structure and small size, and simultaneously ensures the 360-degree omnibearing voice pick-up effect.
The invention is provided with 1 sound pressure sensitive element; each group of particle vibration velocity sensitive elements is provided with 2n particle vibration velocity sensitive elements, and the size of n is determined according to the signal-to-noise ratio and the size of the particle vibration velocity sensor microarray. When the particle vibration velocity sensitive element is increased by one time, aiming at white Gaussian noise which is not related in space, the signal-to-noise ratio of the microarray is improved by 3dB, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the microarray can be effectively improved by increasing the particle vibration velocity sensitive element within the allowable range of the size.
The particle vibration velocity sensitive element is based on an MEMS thermal type flow measurement mechanism; the sound pressure sensitive element is an electret or silicon-microphone sound pressure sensitive element; the signal output ends of the 2 groups of particle vibration velocity sensitive elements and the signal output end of the sound pressure sensitive element are connected with the signal input end of a rear-end acquisition processing circuit, and the rear-end acquisition processing circuit performs symmetrical analog summation on the particle vibration velocity analog signals output by the 2 groups of particle vibration velocity sensitive elements and performs sound source orientation based on the trigonometric function relationship between the 2 channels of particle vibration velocity signals and the 1 channel of sound pressure signals. The sound source orientation method acquires the voice signals through the particle vibration velocity sensitive element and the sound pressure sensitive element, and then performs sound source orientation according to the sound pressure signals and the particle vibration velocity signals through the rear-end acquisition processing circuit, and because a sound source orientation algorithm and a beam forming algorithm are irrelevant to array receiving frequency and aperture, the method is essentially different from the traditional sound pressure microphone array, and the particle vibration velocity sensor microarray size can be in a millimeter level (the volume is less than 1 cm)3) And the sound source orientation precision is high; in the range allowed by the size, the signal-to-noise ratio of voice pickup can be improved by increasing the number of particle vibration velocity sensitive elements without causing the change of the number of output channels of the micro-array, so that the problems of large aperture size, multiple channels, low signal-to-noise ratio and the like of the traditional microphone array are solved, and a better solution is provided for far-field voice pickup.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of a second embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, but it should be understood that these embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art should understand that functional, methodological, or structural equivalents or substitutions made by these embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
particle vibration velocity sensor microarray
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the particle velocity sensor microarray includes a particle velocity sensor and a sound pressure sensor 2, and includes 2 sets of particle velocity sensors, that is, a first set of particle velocity sensor 11 and a second set of particle velocity sensor 12, where each set of particle velocity sensors is symmetrically distributed, the centers of symmetry of the 2 sets of particle velocity sensors are the same, the 2 sets of particle velocity sensors 11 and 12 are vertically distributed, and the sound pressure sensor 2 is located at the center of symmetry. In this embodiment, the 2 groups of particle vibration velocity sensitive elements 11 and 12 and the sound pressure sensitive element 2 are disposed on a microarray skeleton 31, the microarray skeleton 31 is a regular tetrahedral prism, and the 2 groups of particle vibration velocity sensitive elements 11 and 12 are symmetrically distributed on the side surfaces of the regular tetrahedral prism; the sound pressure sensitive elements 2 are distributed on the upper end face of the regular tetrahedral prism, and the center of the sound pressure sensitive elements 2 is the same as the symmetry center of the regular tetrahedral prism. 1 sound pressure sensing element 2 is arranged; each group of particle vibration velocity sensitive elements is provided with 2n particle vibration velocity sensitive elements, n is more than or equal to 1, and the size of n is determined according to the signal-to-noise ratio and the size of the particle vibration velocity sensor microarray. All the mass point vibration velocity sensitive elements on the same side of each group of mass point vibration velocity sensitive elements are distributed in parallel at equal intervals, and the interval is d. The particle vibration velocity sensitive elements 11 and 12 adopt particle vibration velocity sensitive elements based on a MEMS thermal flow measurement mechanism. The sound pressure sensitive element 2 adopts an electret, a silicon-microphone sound pressure sensitive element or other types of sound pressure sensitive elements. And a protective cover 4 is arranged on the outer side of the microarray framework.
As shown in fig. 2, the signal output terminals Sig1 and Sig2 of the 2 groups of particle velocity sensors and the signal output terminal Sig3 of the sound pressure sensor are connected to the signal input terminal of the back-end acquisition processing circuit.
Example two:
particle vibration velocity sensor microarray
As shown in fig. 3, in the second embodiment, 2 sets of particle velocity sensing elements 11 and 12 and the sound pressure sensing element 2 are disposed on the microarray frame 32, the microarray frame 32 is a planar frame, the 2 sets of particle velocity sensing elements 11 and 12 are distributed in a cross shape, and the sound pressure sensing element 2 is located in the center of the cross shape. The rest of the structure and the working principle of the second embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment.
Example three:
voice pickup method using particle vibration velocity sensor microarray
The back-end acquisition processing circuit firstly carries out symmetrical analog summation on the particle vibration velocity analog signals output by the 2 groups of particle vibration velocity sensitive elements 11 and 12, and then carries out sound source orientation based on the trigonometric function relation of the 2 channels of particle vibration velocity signals and the 1 channel of sound pressure signals.
During operation, the micro-array outputs three-channel signals, namely, the first group of particle vibration velocity sensing elements 11 outputs the first channel particle vibration velocity signals through the signal output end Sig 1; the second channel particle velocity signal output by the second group of particle velocity sensing elements 12 through the signal output end Sig 2; the sound pressure sensing element 2 outputs a sound pressure signal from the signal output terminal Sig 3. The back-end acquisition processing circuit symmetrically simulates and sums the first channel particle vibration speed signal and the second channel particle vibration speed signal respectively, and the two channel particle vibration speed signals are orthogonal in horizontal common point after symmetric simulation and summation, so that the number of channels is effectively reduced. The back-end acquisition processing circuit can adopt a DOA (direction of arrival) estimation method of a sound source such as a complex sound intensity device method and a histogram method when the sound source is oriented based on the trigonometric function relationship between the 2-channel particle vibration velocity signal and the 1-channel sound pressure signal.
The trigonometric function relationship between the 1-channel sound pressure signal and the 2-channel particle velocity signal is determined by the omni-directivity of the sound pressure sensitive element and the 8-shaped spatial directivity of the particle velocity sensitive element, and is independent of the receiving frequency f and the array aperture d of the sound pressure sensitive element and the particle velocity sensitive element. The 1-channel sound pressure signal and the 2-channel particle vibration velocity signal orthogonal to the horizontal common point can form a single-side directional beam pointing to a sound source through combination and an electronic rotation mode. Thus, the array size can be in the order of millimeters, within the allowable range of the microarray size. The signal-to-noise ratio of the whole microarray can be improved by increasing the number of the particle velocity sensitive elements 1. Specifically, when the number of the first group of particle velocity sensitive elements 11 and the second group of particle velocity sensitive elements 12 is doubled, the signal-to-noise ratio of the microarray can be improved by 3dB for spatially uncorrelated white gaussian noise. The implementation process is as follows:
for spatially uncorrelated white gaussian noise, the array gain of the microarray is (reference yellow heptyl, Zhang Bei; Matlab-based common matrix array gain performance simulation research [ J ]):
G(dB)＝10log(N)
wherein N is the multiple of the number of mass point vibration velocity sensitive elements 1 in the microarray.
When the number of the particle velocity sensitive elements 1 is doubled, the array gain of the microarray is increased by:
△G(dB)＝10log(2N)-10log(N)＝10log(2)＝3dB
although the number of particle velocity sensing elements 1 is increased, the number of output channels of the microarray is unchanged, which is an advantage over conventional microphone arrays. Since the sound source orientation of the micro-array is independent of the receiving frequencies f and the array apertures d of the sound pressure sensitive element 2 and the particle velocity sensitive elements 1, the first group of particle velocity sensitive elements 11 and the second group of particle velocity sensitive elements 12 can be arranged more densely, and when n is 1, the volume of the micro-array is only 0.5cm3. When the size of the microarray is fixed, the number of the particle velocity sensitive elements 1 can be increased as much as possible to obtain a higher signal-to-noise ratio.
The above-listed detailed description is only a specific description of a possible embodiment of the present invention, and they are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and equivalent embodiments or modifications made without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
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