CN112542285B - High-entropy soft magnetic material with self-oxidation core-shell structure and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

High-entropy soft magnetic material with self-oxidation core-shell structure and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN112542285B
CN112542285B CN202011180551.2A CN202011180551A CN112542285B CN 112542285 B CN112542285 B CN 112542285B CN 202011180551 A CN202011180551 A CN 202011180551A CN 112542285 B CN112542285 B CN 112542285B
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soft magnetic
entropy
core
entropy alloy
powder
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CN112542285A (en
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杨少锋
温佳楠
谢静宜
刘贤
黄桂香
林书弘
韩冰
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Nanjing Institute of Technology
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/12Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/33Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials mixtures of metallic and non-metallic particles; metallic particles having oxide skin
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/02Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
    • H01F41/0253Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-entropy soft magnetic material with a core-shell structure generated by autoxidation and a preparation method thereof, wherein soft magnetic nano iron cobalt nickel principal element high-entropy alloy is taken as a core, rare earth cerium autoxidized CeO 2 is taken as a shell, and an autoxidized CeO 2 coated nano high-entropy alloy magnetic crystal powder material is formed. The preparation method comprises designing a high-entropy alloy system with soft magnetic property, and performing vacuum high-energy ball milling according to the proportion to prepare micro-nano magnetic high-entropy alloy powder taking Fe-Co-Ni as a principal component; and preparing the core-shell structure magnetic powder with cerium oxide as a shell and micro-nano high-entropy alloy as a core by adopting a rare earth cerium autoxidation method. The soft magnetic powder material obtained by the invention has higher magnetic saturation resistance and lower coercive force, and can reduce iron loss.

Description

High-entropy soft magnetic material with self-oxidation core-shell structure and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of magnetic materials, and particularly relates to a high-entropy soft magnetic material with a core-shell structure generated by autoxidation and a preparation method thereof.
Background
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have a range of excellent mechanical properties, different from conventional crystalline alloys, with high strength, high hardness, low elastic modulus, and large elastic strain limit, making them considered as extremely potential structural materials. However, the magnetic properties, especially the soft magnetic properties, of the high-entropy alloy are not effectively researched and developed, and the practical engineering application of the functional high-entropy alloy is severely restricted. Therefore, how to utilize the magnetic insulation effect to improve the magnetic saturation strength of the high-entropy alloy and reduce the iron loss, and prepare the high-entropy alloy powder material with excellent soft magnetic performance is a hot spot problem for further research of the high-entropy alloy. The resistivity of the electrical pure iron is lower, and the resistivity of Fe-Si, fe-Al, fe-Ni and Fe-Co soft magnetic alloy is generally higher than that of the pure iron by several times, and the Fe-16% Al alloy reaches 150uΩ cm. The resistivity of the amorphous alloy is generally above 100uΩ cm, which is obviously higher than that of the general crystalline alloy. The magnetic powder core is mixed with dielectric medium with good insulativity, alloy powder is coated as far as possible, isolation is realized, and the volume resistivity is remarkably improved. The Fe-Co-Ni-based high-entropy alloy (FeCoNi-HEA) has good soft magnetic performance and mechanical property, and can obtain the balance relation between the optimal soft magnetic performance and the iron loss performance through the content regulation and control of alloy elements, thereby being expected to become a potential magnetic functional material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a high-entropy soft magnetic material with a core-shell structure generated by autoxidation and a preparation method thereof.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a high-entropy soft magnetic material with a core-shell structure formed by autoxidation, which is a powder material formed by taking soft magnetic nano iron cobalt nickel principal element high-entropy alloy as a core and taking rare earth cerium autoxidized CeO 2 as a shell to form an autoxidized CeO 2 coated nano high-entropy alloy magnetic crystal.
Preferably, the soft magnetic nanometer iron cobalt nickel principal element high entropy alloy component is (FeCoNi) XAyBz, the FeCoNi content x is more than or equal to 0.8, the elements A and B are one of Cu, mn, al, cr, si, and y+z is less than or equal to 0.2; wherein the content of each element is the mole ratio.
Preferably, the soft magnetic nano iron cobalt nickel principal element high-entropy alloy is alloy nano powder obtained after vacuum high-energy ball milling.
Preferably, the purity of raw material powder adopted by the soft magnetic nano iron-cobalt-nickel principal component high-entropy alloy is more than 99.99 percent, and the granularity is less than or equal to 45 mu m.
Preferably, the size of the soft magnetic nanometer iron-cobalt-nickel principal component high-entropy alloy is 80-150nm, and the thickness of a CeO 2 shell layer is 3-8nm.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the high-entropy soft magnetic material with the self-oxidation core-shell structure, which comprises the following steps:
selecting raw materials Al, fe, cr, co, ni, cu, mn, si, and preparing according to the alloy system;
According to the designed alloy system, placing the weighed pure metal powder in proportion into a vacuum stainless steel ball grinding tank, vacuumizing, and filling high-purity argon shielding gas; opening the ball mill to mechanically alloy, wherein the dry grinding time is not less than 40 hours; adding cerium powder and absolute ethyl alcohol for wet grinding for not less than 5 hours, wherein the process is completed under the vacuum of a glove box;
opening a vacuum ball milling tank in a glove box, fully drying, and filling argon-oxygen mixed gas with the volume ratio of 200:1 to complete cerium powder autoxidation, thereby obtaining the nano soft magnetic high-entropy alloy magnetic crystal powder material of a core-shell structure (FeCoNi) XAyBz system formed by cerium autoxidation.
Preferably, the feedstock Al, fe, cr, co, ni, cu, mn, si metal powder has a purity of >99.9% and a particle size of 45 μm or less.
Preferably, the dry grinding rotating speed is 300-500r/min, and the dry grinding time is 40-50h.
Preferably, the wet milling time is 5-10h, and the wet milling rotating speed is 300r/min.
Preferably, the vacuum drying is carried out for 24-36 hours.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
The high-entropy alloy soft magnetic material is prepared by component design and a preparation process, and the high-entropy alloy obtained by high-energy ball milling is nano or superfine magnetic crystals; the non-magnetic metal oxide core-shell structure powder prepared by the metal cerium self-oxidation method has the advantages of short flow, easy operation, easy control of shell thickness and uniformity and the like. The CeO 2 magnetic insulating layer isolates the direct contact of metal, the resistance between magnetic crystals is improved, and the iron loss and eddy current loss of the soft magnetic material in application can be reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an SEM morphology of a high entropy alloy powder without cerium added;
FIG. 2 is a TEM analysis of the auto-oxidized high-entropy alloy magnetic powder material of example 1;
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing the high entropy alloy VSM with cerium-doped and cerium-free auto-oxidized high entropy alloy powder of example 1.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for more clearly illustrating the technical aspects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Selecting raw materials: weighing metal powder such as Fe, co, ni, al, mn with purity of 99.99%, and the granularity is less than or equal to 45 μm.
Example 1
(1) Preparing composite powder: mechanically alloying the prepared powder (with the subscript of mole ratio) in a high-energy ball mill, wherein the dry grinding rotating speed is 400r/min, the wet grinding time is 5h after the dry grinding is 40h, and the wet grinding rotating speed is 300r/min, so as to prepare the high-entropy alloy (CoFeNi) 0.8Mn0.1Al0.1 powder. The method comprises the following specific steps:
a) And placing the powder to be ball-milled into a stainless steel milling tank, and ball-milling by taking stainless steel balls as milling bodies according to the ball powder mass ratio of not less than 10:1. Before ball milling, vacuumizing for 3min by using a vacuum machine, and then filling argon with the pressure of 0.5MPa as a protective gas; the rotation speed of the ball mill is 400r/min, and the rotation direction needs to be adjusted every 60 min.
B) Absolute ethanol was added to the powder ball milled for 45h for wet milling for 5h. After ball milling is finished, the ball milling tank is taken out, the vacuum drying oven is opened, then the tank cover of the ball milling tank is opened, a certain gap is reserved, and the ball milling tank is put into the drying oven and then the oven door is closed. And (5) vacuumizing by a vacuum machine, regulating the temperature to 50 ℃, drying for 24 hours, and taking out. And (3) putting the dried powder into a ball mill, ball-milling for 2 hours (dry milling) at a rotating speed of 150r/min, sieving the obtained high-entropy alloy composite powder, and taking out for later use, wherein the SEM morphology is shown in figure 1.
C) The operation was completed in a vacuum inert gas glove box. Placing the weighed metal powder of the alloy system into a stainless steel vacuum grinding tank, vacuumizing, filling high-purity argon shielding gas, performing mechanical alloying in a high-energy ball mill, wherein the dry grinding speed is 300-500 r/min, the dry grinding time is 40-50 h, adding cerium powder and absolute ethyl alcohol, and the wet grinding time is 5-10h, wherein the wet grinding speed is 300r/min; after wet grinding, vacuum drying is carried out for 24-36 h;
d) Preparing core-shell magnetic powder: and (3) in a vacuum inert gas glove box, opening the high-entropy alloy powder vacuum ball milling tank obtained in the step (2), and filling argon-oxygen mixed gas with the volume ratio of 200:1 to complete cerium powder self-oxidation and generate the high-entropy soft magnetic material with the core-shell structure.
(2) And (3) structural and performance characterization, wherein equipment such as TEM, VSM and the like is adopted to test the sample. TEM analysis in FIG. 2 shows that the dark high-entropy alloy particles are wrapped by an oxide layer, and a metal oxide shell layer is formed on the surface of the high-entropy alloy powder; FIG. 3 is a graph showing magnetic properties before and after coating, and comparing the two curves, it can be seen that the saturation induction intensity of the high-entropy alloy of the CeO layer introduced is reduced from 133emu/g to 118emu/g, the coercive force of the CeO layer and the CeO layer is not obviously reduced due to the introduction of cerium oxide, and the coercive force of the CeO layer and the CeO layer is 16Oe; the resistivity of the block material after pressing was increased from 0.48X10 -6. OMEGA.m to 475. OMEGA.m before coating.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications and variations could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and such modifications and variations should also be regarded as being within the scope of the invention.

Claims (6)

1. A high-entropy soft magnetic material with a core-shell structure is formed by autoxidation, which is characterized in that soft magnetic nano iron cobalt nickel principal element high-entropy alloy is taken as a core, rare earth cerium autoxidized CeO 2 is taken as a shell, and an autoxidized CeO 2 coated nano high-entropy alloy magnetic crystal powder material is formed; the soft magnetic nanometer iron cobalt nickel principal element high entropy alloy comprises (FeCoNi) XAyBz, wherein the FeCoNi content x is more than or equal to 0.8, the elements A and B are one of Cu, mn, al, cr, si, and y+z is less than or equal to 0.2; wherein the content of each element is the mole ratio;
The preparation method of the high-entropy soft magnetic material with the self-oxidation core-shell structure comprises the following steps:
selecting one or two of raw materials of Fe, co, ni and Al, cr, cu, mn, si for combination, and preparing according to alloy components;
According to the designed alloy components, placing the weighed pure metal powder in proportion into a vacuum stainless steel ball grinding tank, vacuumizing, and filling high-purity argon shielding gas; opening the ball mill to mechanically alloy, wherein the dry grinding time is not less than 40 hours; adding cerium powder and absolute ethyl alcohol for wet grinding for at least 5 hours, and performing vacuum drying after wet grinding, wherein the process is completed under the vacuum of a glove box;
opening a vacuum ball milling tank in a glove box, fully drying, and filling argon-oxygen mixed gas with the volume ratio of 200:1 to finish the self-oxidation of cerium powder, thereby obtaining the powder material of the self-oxidized cerium oxide coated nano high-entropy alloy magnetic crystal.
2. The high-entropy soft magnetic material with the self-oxidation core-shell structure according to claim 1, wherein the purity of raw material powder adopted by the soft magnetic nano iron cobalt nickel principal element high-entropy alloy is more than 99.99%, and the granularity is less than or equal to 45 mu m.
3. The high-entropy soft magnetic material with the self-oxidation core-shell structure according to claim 1, wherein the size of the soft magnetic nano iron cobalt nickel principal element high-entropy alloy is 80-150nm, and the thickness of a CeO 2 shell layer is 3-8nm.
4. The high-entropy soft magnetic material with the self-oxidation core-shell structure according to claim 1, wherein the dry grinding rotating speed is 300-500r/min, and the dry grinding time is 40-50h.
5. The high-entropy soft magnetic material with the self-oxidation core-shell structure according to claim 1, wherein the wet milling time is 5-10h, and the wet milling rotating speed is 300r/min.
6. The high entropy soft magnetic material of claim 1, wherein the vacuum dries for 24-36 hours.
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CN113652616B (en) * 2021-07-01 2022-08-09 中国电子科技集团公司第九研究所 High-performance soft magnetic amorphous coating and preparation method thereof
CN115505812B (en) * 2022-09-16 2023-07-28 华东理工大学 Soft magnetic medium-entropy alloy and preparation method and application thereof
CN116180124B (en) * 2023-03-22 2023-12-12 哈尔滨工业大学 Preparation method and application of high-entropy alloy electrocatalytic electrode with core-shell structure

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