CN112537095B - 基于溶液驱动的水凝胶基复合材料结构梁的吸水负膨晶格及其变形方法 - Google Patents

基于溶液驱动的水凝胶基复合材料结构梁的吸水负膨晶格及其变形方法 Download PDF

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CN112537095B
CN112537095B CN202011342606.5A CN202011342606A CN112537095B CN 112537095 B CN112537095 B CN 112537095B CN 202011342606 A CN202011342606 A CN 202011342606A CN 112537095 B CN112537095 B CN 112537095B
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杨庆生
李加浩
魏玉领
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Beijing University of Technology
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于溶液驱动的水凝胶基复合材料结构梁的吸水负膨胀晶格及其变形方法，该晶格由四个相同的两两相互垂直的复合梁组成；复合梁由支撑层(1)、封装层(2)、活性层(3)紧密镶嵌组成；活性层(3)与正封装层上的一系列方形通孔(4)正对排列；封装层(2)和支撑层(1)以底和盖的形式将活性层(3)包裹在中间；驱动层位于晶格的内侧，支撑层(1)位于晶格的外侧；复合梁之间通过支撑层(1)相互连接。该方法将水凝胶的溶胀行为转化为强驱动力，解决了由于聚合物与水凝胶的弱界面结合能力引起的界面不协调变形的问题；同时可以通过调整复合梁结构的几何参数实现不同程度的弯曲变形，进而实现晶格不同程度的负膨胀效果。

Description

基于溶液驱动的水凝胶基复合材料结构梁的吸水负膨晶格及 其变形方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种基于溶液驱动的水凝胶基复合材料结构梁的吸水负膨晶格的变形，属于智能水凝胶驱动变形的方法。
背景技术
水凝胶是一类非常亲水的3D网络结构凝胶，可在水中迅速溶胀并保留大量水而不会溶解。尤其是，由于其优异的生物相容性和高水平的溶胀能力，将水凝胶作为活性成分的材料体系非常有吸引力。具有可编程大膨胀度的水凝胶可用于各种响应环境的高端设备，例如电子皮肤，人造肌肉和生物传感器。尽管水凝胶具有巨大的应用潜力，并且已经在许多领域得到了发展，但是基于超材料的设计方法，设计与制备可以根据环境条件改变形状，机械性能和功能的水凝胶驱动的变形超材料依然是未来研究的热点。通过将水凝胶与3D打印技术相结合，出现了利用水凝胶的变形特性进行3D打印的4D打印技术。4D打印为水凝胶超材料的设计和制备带来了新的挑战和机遇。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于设计了一种基于溶液驱动的水凝胶基复合材料结构梁的吸水负膨胀晶格及其变形方法，通过该方法可以实现将水凝胶的溶胀行为转化为强驱动力，解决了由于聚合物与水凝胶的弱界面结合能力引起的界面不协调变形的问题，通过调整结构的几何参数还可以实现不同程度的弯曲变形，进而实现晶格不同程度的负膨胀效果。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案为一种基于溶液驱动的水凝胶基复合材料结构梁，复合梁的最下层为支撑层(1)，活性层(3)镶嵌在支撑层(1) 的夹层之间，活性层(3)的吸水溶胀力会导致支撑层(1)的弯曲变形，复合梁膨胀的体积向着晶格内侧空腔挤压，晶格的四个角向着晶格中心收缩，从而使晶格具有吸水负膨胀的特性；封装层(2)和活性层(3)同为驱动层，提供变形的驱动力；薄的封装层(2)用于在溶胀和收缩过程中保持活性层和支撑层接合面的良好结合；位于活性层(3)正上方的一系列方形通孔(4)可以高效的通过水或其它溶液。
附图说明
图1基于溶液驱动的水凝胶基复合材料结构梁轴测图。
图2基于溶液驱动的水凝胶基复合材料结构梁在去掉封装层之后的内部结构图。
图3基于溶液驱动的水凝胶基复合材料结构梁封装层轴测图。
图4基于溶液驱动的水凝胶基复合材料结构梁支撑层轴测图。
图5基于溶液驱动的水凝胶基复合材料结构梁的重入晶格轴测图
图6基于溶液驱动的水凝胶基复合材料结构梁的重入晶格正视图
图中：1、支撑层，2、封装层，3、活性层，4、方形通孔。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的基于溶液驱动的水凝胶基复合材料结构梁的吸水负膨胀晶格及其变形方法作进一步详细说明。
基于溶液驱动的水凝胶基复合材料结构梁的吸水负膨胀晶格，其特征在于：晶格由四个相同的两两相互垂直的复合梁组成；复合梁的最下层为支撑层(1)；最上层为封装层(2)；中间层为活性层(3)；封装层(2)和活性层(3)一起被称为驱动层；封装层(2)的顶部开有一系列方形通孔(4)，方形通孔(4)的位置位于活性层(3)的正上方，目的是允许水或其它溶液进出复合梁；活性层(3) 相间排列在支撑层(1)的夹层之间；驱动层位于晶格的内侧，支撑层(1)位于晶格的外侧；复合梁之间通过支撑层(1)相互连接。
活性层(3)与支撑层(1)的夹层等高等长，但活性层(3)比支撑层(1) 的夹层宽。
支撑层的外轮廓与封装层的最外轮廓等宽。
相邻的两复合梁互相垂直，相对的两复合梁互相平行。
支撑层(1)的材料为数字聚合物(RGD8530 Stratasys)。
封装层(2)的材料为橡胶弹性体(Rubber elastomer)。
活性层(3)的材料为水凝胶(SUP705 Stratasys)。
该结构的变形原理如下，当水凝胶在水或其它溶液中吸水膨胀时，由于封装层(2)和支撑层(1)的约束作用，使复合梁向支撑层(1)的方向弯曲变形，复合梁膨胀的体积向着晶格内侧空腔挤压，晶格的四个角向着晶格中心收缩，从而使晶格具有吸水负膨胀的特性；该方法将水凝胶的溶胀行为转化为强驱动力，解决了由于聚合物与水凝胶的弱界面结合能力引起的界面不协调变形的问题；可以通过调整结构的几何参数定制满足不同弯曲变形程度要求的复合梁，进而实现晶格不同程度的负膨胀效果。
实施例
基于溶液驱动的水凝胶基复合材料结构梁的吸水负膨胀晶格轴测图如图5 所示，晶格由四个相同的两两相互垂直的复合梁组成，相邻的两复合梁互相垂直，相对的两复合梁互相平行。复合梁的轴测图如图1所示，其特征在于：复合梁由支撑层(1)、封装层(2)、活性层(3)紧密镶嵌组成；活性层(3)与正封装层上的一系列方形通孔(4)正对排列可以高效的通过水或其它溶液；封装层 (2)和支撑层(1)以底和盖的形式将活性层(3)包裹在中间。
本发明的变形方法，其具体步骤如下：把复合梁放在水或其它溶液中，水或其它溶液由方形通孔(4)进入其内部，内部的活性层(3)吸水膨胀，由于封装层(2)和支撑层(1)的约束作用，复合梁向支撑层(1)的方向发生弯曲变形；同时，可以通过调整复合梁结构的几何参数实现不同程度的弯曲变形，进而实现晶格不同程度的负膨胀效果。

Claims (5)

1.基于溶液驱动的水凝胶基复合材料结构梁的吸水负膨胀晶格，其特征在于：由四个相同的两两相互垂直的复合梁组成；复合梁的最下层为支撑层（1）；最上层为封装层（2）；中间层为活性层（3）；封装层（2）和活性层（3）一起被称为驱动层；封装层（2）的顶部开有一系列方形通孔（4），方形通孔（4）的位置位于活性层（3）的正上方，允许溶液进出复合梁；活性层（3）相间排列在支撑层（1）的夹层之间；驱动层位于吸水负膨胀晶格的内侧，支撑层（1）位于吸水负膨胀晶格的外侧；复合梁之间通过支撑层（1）相互连接；支撑层（1）的材料为树脂聚合物；封装层（2）的材料为橡胶弹性体；活性层（3）的材料为水凝胶。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于溶液驱动的水凝胶基复合材料结构梁的吸水负膨胀晶格，其特征在于：活性层（3）与支撑层（1）的夹层等高等长，但活性层（3）比支撑层（1）的夹层宽。
3.根据权利要求1所述的基于溶液驱动的水凝胶基复合材料结构梁的吸水负膨胀晶格，其特征在于：支撑层的外轮廓与封装层的最外轮廓等宽。
4.根据权利要求1所述的基于溶液驱动的水凝胶基复合材料结构梁的吸水负膨胀晶格，其特征在于：相邻的两复合梁互相垂直，相对的两复合梁互相平行。
5.根据权利要求1所述的基于溶液驱动的水凝胶基复合材料结构梁的吸水负膨胀晶格，其特征在于：该吸水负膨胀晶格的变形原理如下，当水凝胶在水或其它溶液中吸水膨胀时，由于封装层（2）和支撑层（1）的约束作用，使复合梁向支撑层（1）的方向弯曲变形，复合梁膨胀的体积向着晶格内侧空腔挤压，晶格的四个角向着晶格中心收缩，从而使晶格具有吸水负膨胀的特性；将水凝胶的溶胀行为转化为强驱动力，解决由于聚合物与水凝胶的弱界面结合能力引起的界面不协调变形的问题；通过调整结构的几何参数定制满足不同弯曲变形程度要求的复合梁，进而实现晶格不同程度的负膨胀。
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