CN112536946B - Composite material conical section forming die pressurized by using soft die - Google Patents
Composite material conical section forming die pressurized by using soft die Download PDFInfo
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- CN112536946B CN112536946B CN202011310052.0A CN202011310052A CN112536946B CN 112536946 B CN112536946 B CN 112536946B CN 202011310052 A CN202011310052 A CN 202011310052A CN 112536946 B CN112536946 B CN 112536946B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C33/38—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor characterised by the material or the manufacturing process
- B29C33/40—Plastics, e.g. foam or rubber
- B29C33/405—Elastomers, e.g. rubber
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
- B29C70/34—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation
- B29C70/342—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation using isostatic pressure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/30—Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
- B29L2031/3097—Cosmonautical vehicles; Rockets
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
- Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a composite material conical section forming die pressurized by using a soft die, which comprises a rubber soft die arranged between a die main body and a rigid outer die, wherein the rubber soft die is used for pressurizing a composite material prepreg section which is paved on the die main body and corresponds to a flange thickening area in the forming process. The invention arranges a rigid external mold limit outside a rubber soft mold, and the inner side of the rubber soft mold is a pressure relief surface, so that the expansion pressure of the soft mold is consistent with the pressure in a hot-pressing tank; the rubber soft mold is formed by annularly and sectionally splicing, so that the molding pressure loss caused by the internal tension of the rubber in the pressing process is eliminated; and the edge of the inner side of the rubber soft mold is positioned in the center of the wall thickness gradual change area, so that the position of the process boundary is staggered with that of the design boundary, and the buckling of fibers at the edge of the thickening area is avoided. In conclusion, the invention designs the solid rubber soft mold for pressurization, and solves the problem that the corner position of the large wall thickness of the composite material conical section is difficult to compact.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a composite material conical section forming die, in particular to a composite material conical section forming die pressurized by a soft die.
Background
At present, the carrier rocket load-bearing structure for spaceflight uses a large amount of high-strength composite materials, and has the main advantages that the composite material has a good weight reduction effect, and the effective load of single launch can be increased. As an important bearing structure of the rocket body final power cabin, the composite material conical section is used for supporting effective loads such as satellites. The typical structure of the composite material conical section is a thin-wall conical section, the front end and the rear end are thickened flanges, and a wall thickness transition area is arranged between the flanges and the conical section. In order to improve the strength of the interface position on the flange, the wall thickness of the flange usually reaches 5-8 mm; the profiles of the connecting parts of the conical sections and the flanges are severely changed due to the limitation of the internal space of the power cabin. Due to the factors, the prepreg in the thickened area of the flange is difficult to compact, and the loose and fiber buckling are easy to generate after curing. And the prepreg compaction and fiber straightening in the thickening area are realized by optimizing a pressurizing mode.
Through the search of the existing patent documents, the utility model patent of CN205929161U discloses a locatable soft mold for realizing the precise manufacture of composite materials; through embedding the metal positioning block in the rubber and applying mechanical connection, the accurate positioning of the rubber soft mold is realized, so that the soft mold is uniformly expanded after being heated, and more accurate size is provided. However, in order to ensure the accurate positioning of the rubber soft mold, the positioning steel plate and the metal block are adopted to limit the position of the soft mold, so that the free expansion of the rubber is blocked, and the forming pressure of the composite material is mainly determined by the pressure generated by the thermal expansion effect of the rubber, namely the pressure linearly increases along with the temperature increase. In autoclave processes, precise control of pressure at specific temperature points cannot be achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a composite material conical section forming die which is pressurized by using a soft die. In the forming die, an outer rigid outer die is used for limiting the thermal expansion of rubber at a corresponding position and releasing the expansion amount to a pressure relief surface; the pressure relief surface is in contact with air pressure, so that the internal stress of the rubber is consistent with the air pressure. Because the air pressure in the autoclave is even, the pressure in the rubber soft mould can also be kept even, so that even and controllable curing pressure is provided for the thick flange, and the improvement of the internal quality is realized.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a composite material conical section forming die pressurized by using a soft die, which comprises a rubber soft die 3 arranged between a die main body 1 and a rigid outer die 2, wherein the rubber soft die 3 is used for pressurizing a composite material prepreg section which is corresponding to a flange thickening area 5 and is laid on the die main body 1 in the forming process.
As an embodiment of the invention, the soft rubber mold 3 is arranged on the layered prepreg corresponding to the flange thickening area 5; the rigid outer die 2 is arranged at the end part of the die body 1 and on the soft rubber die 3 and used for limiting the flange end part of the product 4 and limiting the expansion of the soft rubber die 3, so that the expansion amount is released to the inner side surface 7 of the soft rubber die 3.
As an embodiment of the invention, the outer side surface 6 of the soft rubber mold 3 is limited by the rigid outer mold 2.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the inner side surface 7 of the soft rubber mold 3 is a pressure relief surface. The inner side surface 7 is not limited by a rigid outer die, so that the expansion pressure of the soft die is consistent with the pressure in the hot pressing tank.
As an embodiment of the invention, the soft rubber mold 3 is formed by splicing in a ring-shaped section.
As an embodiment of the invention, the rubber soft mold 3 is divided into not less than 6 segments in the circumferential direction. The concrete application can be divided into 6-16 sections.
As an embodiment of the invention, the two adjacent sections of the soft rubber molds 3 are not connected and fixed. This arrangement is used to eliminate the loss of molding pressure caused by the internal tension of the rubber when the autoclave is pressurized.
As one embodiment of the present invention, the lateral outer side 6 of the soft rubber mold 3 is provided with outer pressure relief surfaces 10 at intervals without steel mold constraint. The soft die can apply tension to the fibers when expanding outwards through the pressure relief surface, so that the fibers are prevented from buckling.
As an embodiment of the invention, one side of the flange thickening area 5 close to the conical section is a wall thickness gradually-changing area, and one side edge of the inner side surface 7 of the soft rubber mold 3 close to the conical section is positioned between two side edges 9 of the wall thickness gradually-changing area. This setting makes one side edge that medial surface 7 is close to the conic section keep away from wall thickness gradual change district both ends edge as far as possible, makes technology boundary and design boundary position stagger, avoids wall thickness gradual change district edge 9 fibre bucking.
As an embodiment of the invention, one side edge of the inner side surface 7 of the soft rubber mold 3 close to the cone section is positioned at the central position 8 of the wall thickness gradually-changing area.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the forming mold further comprises a vacuum bag disposed on the mold main body 1, and the vacuum bag completely covers the composite prepreg used for the rigid outer mold 2, the flexible rubber film 3 and the product 4.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) The invention adopts the rubber soft mold to pressurize, so that the pressure is uniformly applied to the surface of the product;
2) The invention arranges a rigid external mold limit outside a rubber soft mold, and the inner side of the rubber soft mold is a pressure relief surface; the expansion pressure of the soft die is kept consistent with the pressure in the hot-pressing tank through the inner pressure relief surface;
3) According to the invention, the rubber soft die is spliced in a circumferential sectional manner, so that the molding pressure loss caused by the internal tension of the rubber in the pressing process is eliminated;
4) The edge of the inner side of the rubber soft mold is positioned in the center of the wall thickness gradual change area, so that the position of a process boundary is staggered with that of a design boundary, and the buckling of fibers at the edge of the thickening area is avoided;
5) The invention designs solid rubber soft mould pressurization, and solves the problem that the corner position of the large wall thickness of the composite material conical section is difficult to compact;
6) Compared with the existing rigid mould pressurizing form, the invention adopts the rubber soft mould with higher adaptability to the molded surface of the product, can avoid uneven overall pressure caused by local bridging of the rigid mould, enables the pressure to be uniformly and stably applied to the surface of the product, and can obviously improve the compaction degree of the prepreg.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a mold in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a single block back end rubber soft mold of example 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a single block front rubber soft mold of example 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary product;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the entire structure of a mold in accordance with example 2;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a single block back end rubber soft mold of example 2;
the method comprises the following steps of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10, wherein the main body of the die is 1, the rigid outer die is 2, the soft rubber die is 3, the product is 4, the thickened area of the flange is 5, the outer side surface is 6, the inner side surface is 7, the center position of the gradually-changed area of the wall thickness is 8, the edge of the gradually-changed area of the wall thickness is 9, and the pressure relief surface of the outer side is 10.
Detailed Description
In order that the objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent, the invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples, which will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment relates to a composite material conical section forming die using soft die pressurization, which comprises a die main body 1, a rigid outer die 2 and a rubber soft die 3, as shown in figure 1;
and the mould main body 1 is used for supporting the product 4 to be layered and cured by using the prepreg.
And the rigid outer die 2 is arranged at the end part of the die body 1 and the soft rubber die 3 and used for limiting the flange end part of the product 4 and limiting the expansion of the soft rubber die 3, so that all expansion amounts are released towards the inner side surface 7. In the mold of the embodiment, the rigid outer mold 2 is arranged on the outer side surface 6 of the rubber soft mold 3 for limiting; the inner side surface 7 of the soft rubber mould 3 is not limited by the rigid outer mould 2 and is used as a pressure relief surface in the curing process, so that the expansion pressure of the soft rubber mould 3 is consistent with the pressure in the hot-pressing tank.
The rubber soft mold 3 is arranged on the layer-spread prepreg corresponding to the flange thickening area 5 of the product 4; and the flange thickening area 5 of the product 4 is provided with curing pressure due to thermal expansion in the curing process. The inner side surface 7 of the rubber soft membrane 3 is used as a pressure relief surface, so that the expansion pressure of the soft membrane is consistent with the pressure in the hot pressing tank.
And the product 4 is obtained by laying a prepreg on the mould main body 1 and curing and molding the autoclave. During curing, the flange thickening area 5 is pressed through the solid rubber soft mold 3.
The forming die further comprises a vacuum bag arranged on the die main body 1, and the rigid outer die 2, the rubber soft film 3 and the composite material prepreg (a product 4 is formed by vacuum curing and forming of an autoclave) are completely wrapped by the vacuum bag.
In order to eliminate the molding pressure loss caused by the internal tension of the rubber when the autoclave is pressurized, as an improved scheme, the soft rubber mold 3 is formed by splicing in a ring-shaped section; the adjacent two sections of the soft rubber moulds 3 are not connected and fixed. The rubber soft die 3 is divided into at least 6 sections in the circumferential direction; in the embodiment, 6 segments are selected; wherein, the single front end rubber soft mold 3 is shown in fig. 3, and the rear end rubber soft mold 3 is shown in fig. 2; referring to fig. 1, a soft rubber mold 3 is positioned between the rigid outer mold 2 and the composite prepreg laid on the mold body 1, and is in full contact with the prepreg. The surface of the soft rubber mold 3, which is in contact with the rigid outer mold 2, is marked as an outer side surface 6, and the surface of the soft rubber mold, which is not in contact with the mold body 1, the rigid outer mold 2 or the composite prepreg, is marked as an inner side surface 7. In order to avoid buckling of the fibers at the edge 9 of the wall thickness transition region, as a modification, one edge of the inner side 7 of the soft rubber mold 3 is located near the center 8 of the wall thickness transition region of the product 4. This setting makes one side edge that medial surface 7 is close to the conic section keep away from wall thickness transition district both ends edge as far as possible, makes technology boundary and design boundary position stagger to avoid wall thickness transition district edge 9 fibre bucking. In the embodiment, one side edge of the inner side surface 7 of the rubber soft mold 3, which is close to the conical section, is positioned at the central position 8 of the wall thickness gradual change area; equidistant from the two end edges 9 of the region of gradual wall thickness change.
The specific method for using the die comprises the following steps:
s1, cleaning the die body 1, and coating a release agent on the rubber soft die 3 and one side of a sticking product 4 of the die body 1.
And S2, laying a product 4 on the mould main body 1 by using a prepreg.
And S3, placing the rubber soft mold 3 at the position corresponding to the flange of the product 4 and pasting the rubber soft mold firmly.
And S4, fixing the rigid outer die 2 to the die body 1.
And S4, manufacturing a vacuum bag on the mould main body 1, wherein the rigid outer mould 2, the rubber soft membrane 3 and the product 4 are completely coated by the vacuum bag.
And S5, entering an autoclave, vacuumizing in a vacuum bag, and then heating and curing. During the warming process, air or nitrogen is used for pressurization at a specific temperature point. And stopping vacuum after curing and cooling are finished, removing the rigid external mold 2 and the rubber soft mold 3, and taking the product 4 from the mold body 1, wherein the final structure is shown in fig. 4.
Example 2
The embodiment relates to a composite material conical section forming die using soft die pressurization, which comprises a die main body 1, a rigid outer die 2 and a rubber soft die 3, as shown in fig. 5;
and the mould main body 1 is used for supporting the product 4 to be layered and cured by using the prepreg.
And the rigid outer die 2 is arranged at the end part of the die body 1 and the soft rubber die 3 and used for limiting the flange end part of the product 4 and limiting the expansion of the soft rubber die 3, so that the expansion amount is released to the inner side surface 7 and the outer pressure relief surface 10.
In addition, unlike the embodiment 1, in order to better avoid the buckling of the fibers, the lateral outer side surface 6 of the soft rubber mold 3 of the embodiment is provided with outer side pressure relief surfaces 10 at intervals without steel mold constraint (the outer side pressure relief surfaces 10 are not provided in all circles); as shown in fig. 6. This setting makes the soft mould accessible unload and exert the tensile force to the fibre when pressing the face outwards inflation, avoids fibre buckling.
The soft rubber mold 3 is arranged on the spread prepreg corresponding to the flange thickening area 5 of the product 4; the curing process is thermally expanded to provide curing pressure to the flange thickening region 5 of the product 4. The inner side surface 7 of the rubber soft membrane 3 is used as a pressure relief surface, so that the expansion pressure of the soft membrane is consistent with the pressure in the hot pressing tank.
And the product 4 is obtained by laying a prepreg on the mould main body 1 and curing and molding the autoclave. During curing, the flange thickening region 5 is pressed by the solid rubber soft mold 3.
The forming die further comprises a vacuum bag arranged on the die main body 1, and the rigid outer die 2, the rubber soft film 3 and the composite material prepreg (a product 4 is formed by vacuum curing and forming of an autoclave) are completely wrapped by the vacuum bag.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The composite material conical section forming die pressurized by using the soft die is characterized by comprising a rubber soft die (3) arranged between a die main body (1) and a rigid outer die (2), wherein the rubber soft die (3) is used for pressurizing a composite material prepreg section which is laid on the die main body (1) and corresponds to a flange thickening area (5) in the forming process;
the rubber soft mold (3) is arranged on the corresponding laying prepreg of the flange thickening area (5);
the rigid outer die (2) is arranged at the end part of the die main body (1) and the rubber soft die (3) and used for limiting the end part of the flange and limiting the expansion of the rubber soft die (3) so that the expansion amount is released to the inner side surface (7) of the rubber soft die (3), and the inner side surface (7) is a pressure relief surface;
one side of the flange thickening area (5) close to the conical section is a wall thickness gradual change area, and one side edge of the inner side surface (7) of the rubber soft die (3) close to the conical section is positioned between two side edges (9) of the wall thickness gradual change area.
2. The composite material cone segment forming die as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer side surface (6) of the soft rubber die (3) is limited by the rigid outer die (2).
3. The composite material conical section forming die as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soft rubber die (3) is formed by splicing in circumferential sections.
4. The composite material cone segment molding die as claimed in claim 3, wherein the soft rubber die (3) is divided into 6 to 16 segments in a circumferential direction.
5. The composite material conical section forming die as claimed in claim 3, wherein the adjacent two sections of the soft rubber dies (3) are not connected and fixed.
6. The composite material conical section forming die as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lateral outer side face (6) of the soft rubber die (3) is provided with outer pressure relief surfaces (10) without steel die constraint at intervals.
7. The composite material conic section molding die as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a vacuum bag provided on the mold body (1) and integrally covering the rigid outer mold (2), the flexible rubber film (3) and the composite material prepreg used for the product (4).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011310052.0A CN112536946B (en) | 2020-11-20 | 2020-11-20 | Composite material conical section forming die pressurized by using soft die |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011310052.0A CN112536946B (en) | 2020-11-20 | 2020-11-20 | Composite material conical section forming die pressurized by using soft die |
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| CN112536946A CN112536946A (en) | 2021-03-23 |
| CN112536946B true CN112536946B (en) | 2022-11-11 |
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| CN113211821B (en) * | 2021-04-15 | 2022-11-29 | 上海复合材料科技有限公司 | Composite material conical section shell forming die and method thereof |
| CN114953499A (en) * | 2022-01-28 | 2022-08-30 | 航天材料及工艺研究所 | Multi-structural-characteristic composite material mold for snow vehicle and manufacturing method of snow vehicle |
| CN115648657A (en) * | 2022-09-26 | 2023-01-31 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Female die forming tool and forming method |
| CN116442560B (en) * | 2023-06-13 | 2023-10-03 | 北京爱思达航天科技有限公司 | Continuous fiber thermoplastic composite material plate forming die and method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1442279A (en) * | 2003-04-11 | 2003-09-17 | 北京玻璃钢研究设计院 | Composite material vacuum injection moulding method |
| CN1631659A (en) * | 2005-01-07 | 2005-06-29 | 北京玻钢院复合材料有限公司 | Vacuum auxiliary resin penetration process for composite material and mould therefor |
| CN101391488B (en) * | 2008-08-22 | 2010-06-09 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Curing formation method for non-flat plate composite product and shaping mould |
| CN102407606A (en) * | 2010-09-20 | 2012-04-11 | 江苏环球龙圣环境科技发展有限公司 | Thin shell cabin cover die for wind-driven generator and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN106079486B (en) * | 2016-07-27 | 2018-07-17 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司北京民用飞机技术研究中心 | A kind of flexible die and preparation method thereof of forming composite stringer |
| CN107253334B (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2023-03-21 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司北京民用飞机技术研究中心 | Die and process for forming T-shaped stringer stiffened wallboard made of composite material |
| CN210453847U (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2020-05-05 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司 | Soft die cushion for forming I-shaped long purlin of composite material and forming die for I-shaped long purlin of composite material |
| CN113733603B (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2023-07-18 | 天津工业大学 | Forming method and die for composite material |
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