CN112535944A - Tail gas treatment system and method - Google Patents
Tail gas treatment system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112535944A CN112535944A CN202010999805.7A CN202010999805A CN112535944A CN 112535944 A CN112535944 A CN 112535944A CN 202010999805 A CN202010999805 A CN 202010999805A CN 112535944 A CN112535944 A CN 112535944A
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- B01D53/007—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by irradiation
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
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- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/62—Carbon oxides
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
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- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
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Abstract
A tail gas treatment system and a method thereof, wherein the tail gas treatment system comprises a tail gas temperature control power generation section, an electrostatic dust removal section, an ionization section and a mixed air oxygenation section; the tail gas temperature control power generation section controls the temperature of the tail gas within a certain temperature range and is communicated with the electrostatic dust removal section through fluid; the electrostatic dust removal section at least removes particles in the tail gas and is communicated with the ionization section in a fluid mode, the ionization section comprises a plurality of electric field ionization units, and the electric field ionization units form an electric field and ionize gas; the mixed air oxygenation section is in fluid communication with the ionization section and introduces fresh air to the field ionization unit. The invention adopts a simple, effective and low-energy-consumption process to solve the problems of tail gas treatment such as denitration and the like in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of gas treatment, and particularly relates to a tail gas treatment system and method.
Background
The combustion process can generate a large amount of nitrogen-oxygen compounds, commonly called nitre, mainly because nitrogen in air is oxidized due to the high temperature of the thermodynamic effect, through measurement and calculation, 200 mg/cubic meter of nitre can be generated at the combustion temperature of 1250 ℃, 1400 mg/cubic meter of nitre can be generated at the combustion temperature of 1600 ℃, and the main generation mechanism of the nitre is the oxidation of the thermodynamic effect. And the other part of the fuel is that the fuel contains nitrogen to participate in oxidation, and the fuel oil or other forms of the coal containing nitrogen are oxidized and released in the combustion process. The nitric oxide accounts for more than 95 percent, and about 5 percent of nitrogen dioxide. They are collectively referred to as nitroxides. I.e. nitre.
The nitrate is discharged in the atmosphere, a photoelectrochemical reaction is generated, atmospheric pollution is generated, and haze and greenhouse effect are aggravated. The low-altitude ozone layer is seriously damaged, so that useful ultraviolet rays cannot reach the ground, the capability of the plants for synthesizing carbohydrate is reduced, the inheritance of seeds is mutated, and the sugar content and the quality of crops are seriously influenced. Leading to agricultural yield reduction and breaking ecological balance.
Denitration is an important ring for current tail gas pollution treatment, and tail gas denitration is realized by an ammonia non-selective denitration technology, an ammonia selective catalytic reduction denitration technology and the like.
The denitration by using ammonia as an oxidation reducing agent has the problems of low efficiency, difficult storage and transportation, low efficiency and the like, and the selective catalytic reduction technology introduced with the catalyst and urea pyrolysis technology also has the problems of high use cost, high reaction temperature, huge energy consumption, secondary pollution of the catalyst and the reducing agent and the like.
For the engine tail gas selective catalytic denitration technology which is popularized and applied at present, the problems of carrying of urea solution and vehicle-mounted catalyst, requirement of accurate regulation and control of spraying and low efficiency exist, the use cost is high directly caused by the problems, and the urea solution crystallization problem causes storage and transportation of only less than 45% of solution, so that the volume is large; the urea pyrolysis ammonia needs the temperature of above 850 ℃, so that the selection of the injection position and the temperature is increased, and the urea pyrolysis ammonia cannot be completely adapted to the change working condition of an engine; other components in the tail gas of the engine contain hydrocarbon substances, so that the catalyst is easy to block in the coking of the catalyst, and the catalyst is quick to lose efficacy; the reaction temperature of the catalyst is about 400 ℃, and in order to ensure the reaction temperature, the engine needs to burn more fuel oil, thereby causing energy waste.
Current engine exhaust gas components contain, in addition to nitrogen oxides: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons (VOCs), residual oxygen, nitrogen and the like, wherein the emission of nitric oxides, namely nitric oxide, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons, namely VOCs, all cause air pollution, and purification treatment is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a tail gas treatment system and a tail gas treatment method, which solve the problems of tail gas treatment such as denitration and the like in the prior art by adopting a simple, effective and low-energy-consumption process. According to some embodiments of the invention, the fuel consumption can be reduced, the reaction temperature can be reduced, the denitration agent urea can be removed, and the catalyst noble metal honeycomb body can be removed; the method has no secondary preparation and use pollution, and avoids secondary preparation energy consumption and pollution of the denitrifier, the catalyst and the escaping product; can realize high-efficiency low-cost denitration, and simultaneously purify pollutants such as hydrocarbons and/or carbon monoxide in tail gas.
1. Example 1 provided by the present invention: there is provided an exhaust gas treatment system comprising: a tail gas temperature control power generation section, an electrostatic dust removal section, an ionization section and a mixed air oxygenation section; the tail gas temperature control power generation section controls the temperature of the tail gas within a certain temperature range and is communicated with the electrostatic dust removal section through fluid; the electrostatic dust removal section at least removes particles in the tail gas and is communicated with the ionization section in a fluid mode, the ionization section comprises a plurality of electric field ionization units, and the electric field ionization units form an electric field and ionize gas; the mixed air oxygenation section is in fluid communication with the ionization section and introduces fresh air to the field ionization unit.
2. Example 2 provided by the invention: the method comprises the example 1, wherein the tail gas temperature control power generation section comprises a pipeline with enough length to control the temperature of the tail gas to be a certain temperature.
3. Example 3 provided by the present invention: the method comprises the above example 1 or 2, wherein the exhaust temperature control power generation section further comprises an exhaust temperature reduction device which uses the exhaust to generate power and replace partial exhaust energy to reduce the temperature of the exhaust, and the related technical scheme is disclosed in PCT/CN 2019/112250.
4. Example 4 provided by the present invention: including the above example 1 or 3, wherein the certain temperature range is 200 ℃ or less, 150 ℃ or less, 100 ℃ or less, or 80 ℃ or less.
5. Example 5 provided by the present invention: including any one of the above examples 1 to 4, wherein the electric field ionization unit includes a first electrode, and a material of the first electrode includes, but is not limited to, at least one of aluminum and aluminum alloy.
6. Example 6 provided by the present invention: including example 5 above, wherein the aluminum alloy includes, but is not limited to, at least one of an aluminum titanium alloy, an aluminum magnesium alloy.
7. Example 7 provided by the present invention: any one of the above examples 1 to 6 is included, wherein the electric field ionization unit further includes a second electrode, and a material of the second electrode includes, but is not limited to, at least one of iridium and titanium alloy.
8. Example 8 provided by the invention: including any one of examples 1 to 7 above, wherein the first electrode is in the shape of a hollow tube.
9. Example 9 provided by the present invention: the electrode comprises the above example 8, wherein the cross section of the hollow tube of the first electrode is a circle or a polygon, and the polygon is a triangle, a quadrangle or a hexagon.
10. Example 10 provided by the invention: including the above example 8 or 9, wherein the inner surface of the hollow tube of the first electrode is subjected to oxidation treatment.
11. Example 11 provided by the present invention: including any one of examples 1-10 above, wherein the second electrode is disposed through the first electrode within a hollow tube.
12. Example 12 provided by the present invention: including any one of the above examples 1 to 11, wherein the electric field formed by the electric field ionization unit may be a dielectric barrier electric field or an electrostatic field.
13. Example 13 provided by the present invention: the method includes the above example 12, where when the electric field formed by the electric field ionization unit is a dielectric barrier electric field, a barrier dielectric layer is disposed on an outer surface of the second electrode, a gap is disposed between the first electrode and the barrier dielectric layer, and a discharge space of the dielectric barrier electric field is formed between the first electrode and the barrier dielectric layer.
14. Example 14 provided by the present invention: including the above example 13, wherein the first electrode has a hollow tubular shape, the second electrode provided with the blocking dielectric layer is inserted into the hollow tube of the first electrode, and a discharge space is formed by a gap between the first electrode and the blocking dielectric layer.
15. Example 15 provided by the present invention: the above example 12 is included, wherein when the electric field formed by the electric field ionization unit is an electrostatic field, the first electrode is an electric field anode, the second electrode is an electric field cathode, and an electrostatic field is formed between the first electrode and the second electrode.
16. Example 16 provided by the present invention: including any one of the above examples 1 to 15, wherein the voltage of the electric field formed by the electric field ionization unit is 3 to 9 Kv/cm.
17. Example 17 provided by the invention: including any one of the above examples 1-16, wherein the exhaust gas treatment system further comprises an online monitoring section that dynamically controls an oxygen increase amount of the mixed air pressurization section and a voltage of the ionization section by monitoring exhaust gas components to achieve ionization energy consumption and stripping efficiency balance.
18. Example 18 provided by the present invention: including the above example 17, wherein the online monitoring section includes a gas component detection unit for detecting the content of the component in the tail gas after the ionization section.
19. Example 19 provided by the present invention: including the above example 18, wherein the gas component detecting unit is selected from at least one of the following detecting units:
the hydrocarbon detection unit is used for detecting the content of hydrocarbons (VOCs) in the tail gas after the ionization section treatment;
the nitrogen oxide detection unit is used for detecting the content of nitrogen oxide in the tail gas after the ionization section treatment;
the carbon monoxide detection unit is used for detecting the content of carbon monoxide in tail gas after the ionization section;
and the ozone detection unit is used for detecting the ozone content in the tail gas after the ionization section treatment.
20. Example 20 provided by the present invention: any one of the above examples 17 to 19 is included, wherein the online monitoring section further includes a control unit, and the control unit controls the amount of oxygen provided by the air mixing and pressurizing section to the electric field ionization unit and/or the voltage of the electric field ionization unit in the ionization section according to an output value of at least one electric field ionized gas component detection unit.
21. Example 21 provided by the present invention: an exhaust gas treatment method, comprising the steps of:
A) controlling the temperature of tail gas to be treated within a certain temperature range;
B) enabling the tail gas at a certain temperature to enter an electrostatic dust removal electric field to at least remove particles in the tail gas;
C) introducing fresh air into the electric field ionization unit;
D) and the tail gas enters an electric field ionization unit to remove at least one of hydrocarbon, oxynitride and carbon monoxide.
22. Example 22 provided by the present invention: including the above example 21, wherein the step a) further includes selecting to control the temperature of the exhaust gas to be treated to be 200 ℃ or lower, 150 ℃ or lower, 100 ℃ or lower, or 80 ℃ or lower.
23. Example 23 provided by the present invention: including the above example 21, wherein step D) further includes selecting the electric field ionization unit to include a first electrode, and the material of the first electrode includes, but is not limited to, at least one of aluminum and aluminum alloy.
24. Example 24 provided by the present invention: including example 23 above, including selecting the aluminum alloy to include, but not limited to, at least one of an aluminum titanium alloy, and an aluminum magnesium alloy.
25. Example 25 provided by the present invention: any one of the above examples 21 to 24 is included, wherein the step D) further includes selecting the electric field ionization unit to further include a second electrode, and the material of the second electrode includes, but is not limited to, at least one of iridium and titanium alloy.
26. Example 26 provided by the invention: including any of the above examples 21-25, wherein step D) further comprises selecting the first electrode to be in the shape of a hollow tube.
27. Example 27 provided by the present invention: the method includes the above example 26, wherein the cross section of the hollow tube including the first electrode is selected to be a circle or a polygon, and the polygon is a triangle, a quadrangle or a hexagon.
28. Example 28 provided by the invention: including the above examples 26 or 27, wherein the inner surface of the hollow tube including the first electrode is selected to be oxidized.
29. Example 29 provided by the present invention: including any of the above examples 21-28, wherein step D) further comprises selecting the second electrode to be disposed through a hollow tube of the first electrode.
30. Example 30 provided by the present invention: any one of the above examples 21 to 29 is included, wherein the step D) further includes selecting that the electric field formed by the electric field ionization unit may be a dielectric blocking electric field or an electrostatic field.
31. Example 31 provided by the present invention: the method includes that in example 30, when the electric field formed by the electric field ionization unit is a dielectric barrier electric field, a barrier dielectric layer is disposed on an outer surface of the second electrode, a gap is disposed between the first electrode and the barrier dielectric layer, and a discharge space of the dielectric barrier electric field is formed between the first electrode and the barrier dielectric layer.
32. Example 32 provided by the invention: example 31 above is included, in which the first electrode has a hollow tubular shape, the second electrode provided with the blocking dielectric layer is inserted into the hollow tube of the first electrode, and a discharge space is formed by a gap between the first electrode and the blocking dielectric layer.
33. Example 33 provided by the present invention: the above example 30 is included, wherein when the electric field formed by the electric field ionization unit is an electrostatic field, the first electrode is an electric field anode, the second electrode is an electric field cathode, and an electrostatic field is formed between the first electrode and the second electrode.
34. Example 34 provided by the invention: including any one of the above examples 21 to 33, wherein step D) further comprises selecting a voltage of the electric field formed by the electric field ionization unit to be 3-9 Kv/cm.
35. Example 35 provided by the invention: including any one of the above examples 21-34, wherein the exhaust treatment method further comprises: the oxygen amount provided to the electric field ionization unit and the voltage of the ionization electric field unit are dynamically controlled by monitoring the tail gas components to realize the balance of ionization energy consumption and desorption efficiency.
36. Example 36 provided by the invention: including the above example 35, wherein, including: and detecting the content of the tail gas components treated by the electric field ionization unit.
37. Example 37 provided by the present invention: the method includes the above example 36, wherein the content of the tail gas component after being treated by the detection electric field ionization unit is selected from at least one of:
detecting the content of hydrocarbons in the tail gas treated by the electric field ionization unit;
detecting the content of nitrogen oxides in the tail gas treated by the electric field ionization unit;
detecting the content of carbon monoxide in the tail gas treated by the electric field ionization unit;
and detecting the ozone content in the tail gas treated by the electric field ionization unit.
38. Example 38 provided by the invention: including any one of the above examples 35 to 37, wherein the amount of oxygen supplied to the electric field ionization unit and/or the voltage of the electric field ionization unit is controlled according to an output value of at least one of the electric field ionization treatment front and rear exhaust gas component detection units.
"off-gas" in the present invention includes but is not limited to: diesel engine exhaust, gasoline engine exhaust, and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an exhaust gas treatment system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for illustrative purposes, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure.
It should be understood that the structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the drawings and described in the specification are only used for matching with the disclosure of the specification, so as to be understood and read by those skilled in the art, and are not used to limit the conditions under which the present invention can be implemented, so that the present invention has no technical significance, and any structural modification, ratio relationship change, or size adjustment should still fall within the scope of the present invention without affecting the efficacy and the achievable purpose of the present invention. In addition, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" used in the present specification are for clarity of description, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the relative relationship between the terms and the terms is not to be construed as a scope of the present invention. The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Reference throughout this specification to "an example," "one embodiment," or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Thus, the appearances of the phrases "in an example," "in one embodiment," or "in an embodiment" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
According to an aspect of the present invention, an embodiment of the present invention provides a tail gas treatment system, including a tail gas temperature control power generation section, an electrostatic dust removal section, an ionization section, and a mixed air oxygenation section; the tail gas temperature control power generation section controls the temperature of the tail gas within a certain temperature range and is communicated with the electrostatic dust removal section through fluid; the electrostatic dust removal section at least removes particles in the tail gas and is communicated with the ionization section in a fluid mode, the ionization section comprises a plurality of electric field ionization units, and the electric field ionization units form an electric field and ionize gas; the mixed air oxygenation section is in fluid communication with the ionization section and introduces fresh air to the field ionization unit.
In an embodiment of the invention, the tail gas temperature control power generation section comprises a pipeline with enough length to control the temperature of the tail gas to be a certain temperature.
In an embodiment of the invention, the tail gas temperature control power generation section further comprises a tail gas temperature reduction device which utilizes tail gas power generation to replace partial tail gas energy to reduce the temperature of the tail gas, and a related technical scheme is disclosed in PCT/CN 2019/112250.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the controlling the temperature of the tail gas at a certain temperature includes controlling the temperature of the tail gas at 200 ℃ or lower, 150 ℃ or lower, 100 ℃ or lower, or 80 ℃ or lower.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the electric field ionization unit includes a first electrode, and the material of the first electrode includes, but is not limited to, aluminum or aluminum alloy. The aluminum alloy includes, but is not limited to, at least one of aluminum-titanium alloy and aluminum-magnesium alloy. In some embodiments of the present invention, the electric field ionization unit further includes a second electrode, and the material of the second electrode includes, but is not limited to, iridium or titanium alloy.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the first electrode is in a hollow tubular shape, and may include one or more first electrodes arranged in parallel, and the plurality of first electrodes form a honeycomb shape. In an embodiment of the present invention, the cross section of the hollow tube of the first electrode is a circle or a polygon, and the polygon is a triangle, a quadrangle, or a hexagon (honeycomb).
In an embodiment of the present invention, the hollow tube of the first electrode is made of at least one of aluminum and aluminum alloy, and the inner surface of the hollow tube is oxidized to prevent ozone corrosion generated in the ionization electric field.
In an embodiment of the invention, the second electrode is disposed in the hollow tube of the first electrode.
In an embodiment of the invention, the electric field formed by the electric field ionization unit may be a dielectric barrier electric field or an electrostatic field.
In an embodiment of the present invention, when the electric field formed by the electric field ionization unit is a dielectric barrier electric field, a barrier dielectric layer is disposed on an outer surface of the second electrode, a gap is disposed between the first electrode and the barrier dielectric layer, and a discharge space of the dielectric barrier electric field is formed between the first electrode and the barrier dielectric layer.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the first electrode is in a hollow tubular shape, the second electrode provided with the blocking dielectric layer is inserted into the hollow tube of the first electrode, and a discharge space is formed by a gap between the first electrode and the blocking dielectric layer.
In an embodiment of the invention, when the electric field formed by the electric field ionization unit is an electrostatic field, the first electrode is an electric field anode, the second electrode is an electric field cathode, and the second electrode is inserted into the hollow tube of the first electrode to form an electrostatic field between the first electrode and the second electrode.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the voltage of the electric field formed by the electric field ionization unit is 3 to 9Kv/cm, i.e., the voltage is greater than or equal to 3Kv/cm and less than or equal to 9Kv/cm, and typical but not limiting values of the voltage are 3Kv/cm, 3.5Kv/cm, 4Kv/cm, 4.5Kv/cm, 5Kv/cm, 5.5Kv/cm, 6Kv/cm, 6.5Kv/cm, 7Kv/cm, 7.5/8Kv/cm, 8.5Kv/cm or 9 Kv/cm.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the tail gas treatment system includes a mixed air pressurization section for introducing fresh air into the electric field ionization unit. The oxygen content in tail gas in an ionization electric field is adjusted to ensure that enough oxidant ozone can be generated by ionization.
In an embodiment of the invention, the tail gas treatment system further comprises an online monitoring section, and oxygen increasing amount of the air mixing pressurization section and voltage of the ionization section are dynamically controlled by monitoring tail gas components to realize ionization energy consumption and stripping efficiency balance.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the online monitoring section includes a gas component detection unit for detecting the content of the components in the tail gas after the treatment in the ionization section.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the gas component detecting unit is selected from at least one of the following detecting units:
the hydrocarbon detection unit (VOCs detection unit) is used for detecting the content of VOCs in the tail gas after the ionization section treatment;
the nitrogen oxide detection unit (NOx detection unit) is used for detecting the content of nitrogen oxide in the tail gas after the ionization section treatment;
the carbon monoxide detection unit (CO detection unit) is used for detecting the content of carbon monoxide in the tail gas after the ionization section treatment;
ozone detecting unit (O)3And the detection unit) is used for detecting the ozone content in the tail gas after the ionization section treatment.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the control unit controls the amount of oxygen provided by the air mixing and pressurizing section to the electric field ionization unit and/or the voltage of the electric field ionization unit in the ionization section according to an output value of the tail gas component detection unit after the electric field ionization treatment in at least one ionization section.
In an embodiment of the present invention, when the detecting unit detects that the content of the VOCs in the exhaust gas after the electrical field ionization treatment exceeds a certain value, the control unit increases the oxygen supply amount of the air mixing and pressurizing section and/or the voltage of the electrical field ionization unit in the ionization section according to the output value of the content of the VOCs, so that the electrical field ionization unit generates sufficient ozone, thereby ensuring that the ozone effectively oxidizes the VOCs in the exhaust gas. In this embodiment, the fact that the content of VOCs in the tail gas after the electric field ionization treatment exceeds a certain value means that the content of VOCs exceeds 21 mg/cubic meter.
In an embodiment of the present invention, when the NOx detection unit detects that the content of NOx in the exhaust gas after the electric field ionization treatment exceeds a certain value, the control unit increases the oxygen supply amount of the air mixing supercharging section and/or the voltage of the electric field ionization unit in the ionization section according to the output value of the content of NOx, so that the electric field ionization unit generates sufficient ozone to ensure that the ozone effectively oxidizes the NOx in the exhaust gas. In this embodiment, the NOx content in the exhaust gas after the electric field ionization treatment exceeds a certain value means that the NOx content exceeds 21 mg/cubic meter.
In an embodiment of the present invention, when the CO detection unit detects that the content of carbon monoxide in the exhaust gas after the electric field ionization treatment exceeds a certain value, the control unit increases the oxygen supply amount of the air mixing pressurization section and/or the voltage of the electric field ionization unit in the ionization section according to the output value of the content of carbon monoxide, so that the electric field ionization unit generates sufficient ozone, thereby ensuring that the ozone effectively oxidizes the carbon monoxide in the exhaust gas. In this embodiment, the carbon monoxide content in the tail gas after the electric field ionization treatment exceeds a certain value means that the CO content exceeds 210 mg/cubic meter.
In an embodiment of the present invention, when the ozone detecting unit detects that the ozone content in the exhaust gas after the electric field ionization treatment exceeds a certain value, the control unit reduces the oxygen supply amount of the air mixing pressurization section and/or the voltage of the electric field ionization unit in the ionization section according to the output value of the ozone content. In this embodiment, the ozone content in the tail gas after the electric field ionization treatment exceeds a certain value means that the ozone content exceeds 1 mg/cubic meter.
The invention monitors the tail gas components by monitoring the concentration of nitrogen oxides, the concentration of organic hydrocarbons, the concentration of carbon monoxide and the concentration of ozone in feedback exhaust gas, ensures that each pollutant in the tail gas is ionized and oxidized, and adjusts the oxygen increasing amount if excessive ozone or nitrogen oxides, organic hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide escape, thereby realizing the balance of ionization energy consumption and removal efficiency.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, an embodiment of the present invention provides an exhaust gas treatment method, including the following steps:
A) controlling the temperature of tail gas to be treated at a certain temperature below 200 ℃, below 150 ℃, below 100 ℃ or below 80 ℃;
B) the gas to be treated enters an electrostatic dust removal electric field to at least remove particles in the tail gas;
C) introducing fresh air into the electric field ionization unit;
D) and the gas to be treated enters an electric field ionization unit to remove at least one of organic macromolecular hydrocarbon, oxynitride and carbon monoxide.
In an embodiment of the present invention, step D) includes: the electric field ionization unit is selected to include a first electrode made of a material including, but not limited to, aluminum or an aluminum alloy. In an embodiment of the present invention, step D) includes: the aluminum alloy is selected to include, but is not limited to, at least one of aluminum titanium alloy and aluminum magnesium alloy.
In an embodiment of the present invention, step D) includes: the electric field ionization unit is further selected to comprise a second electrode, and the material of the second electrode comprises but is not limited to iridium or titanium alloy.
In an embodiment of the present invention, step D) includes: the first electrode is selected to be hollow and tubular. The cross section of the hollow tube of the first electrode is selected to be circular or polygonal, and the polygon is a triangle, a quadrangle or a hexagon (honeycomb shape).
In an embodiment of the present invention, step D) includes: the inner surface of the hollow tube of the first electrode is selected to be oxidized.
In an embodiment of the present invention, step D) includes: and the second electrode is selected to penetrate through the hollow tube of the first electrode.
In an embodiment of the present invention, step D) includes: the electric field formed by the electric field ionization unit can be selected to be a dielectric barrier electric field or an electrostatic field.
In one embodiment of the present invention, step D): when the electric field formed by the electric field ionization unit is a dielectric barrier electric field, a barrier dielectric layer is arranged on the outer surface of the second electrode, a gap is formed between the first electrode and the barrier dielectric layer, and a discharge space of the dielectric barrier electric field is formed between the first electrode and the barrier dielectric layer.
In one embodiment of the present invention, step D): the first electrode is in a hollow tubular shape, the second electrode provided with the blocking dielectric layer penetrates through the hollow tube of the first electrode, and a discharge space is formed by a gap between the first electrode and the blocking dielectric layer.
In one embodiment of the present invention, step D): when the electric field formed by the electric field ionization unit is an electrostatic field, the first electrode is an electric field anode, the second electrode is an electric field cathode, and the electrostatic field is formed between the first electrode and the second electrode.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the method for treating exhaust gas further includes adding oxygen to the electric field ionization unit. Oxygen can be added by one or more of pure oxygen increasing, external air introducing and compressed air introducing.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the tail gas treatment method further includes: the oxygen increasing amount of the air mixing pressurization section and the voltage of the electric field ionization unit are dynamically controlled by monitoring tail gas components to realize ionization energy consumption and separation efficiency balance, and gas components to be treated in the tail gas are effectively ionized and oxidized. The gas components to be treated include, but are not limited to: organic hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the method includes: and detecting the content of the tail gas components after the electric field ionization treatment.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the content of the tail gas components after the detection electric field ionization treatment is selected from at least one of the following:
detecting the content of hydrocarbons (VOCs) in the tail gas after the electric field ionization treatment;
detecting the content of nitrogen oxides in the tail gas after the electric field ionization treatment;
detecting the content of carbon monoxide in the tail gas after the electric field ionization treatment;
and detecting the ozone content in the tail gas after the electric field ionization treatment.
In an embodiment of the invention, the amount of oxygen provided by the air mixing and pressurizing section to the electric field ionization unit and/or the voltage of the electric field ionization unit in the ionization section is controlled according to the output value of at least one tail gas component detection unit after electric field ionization treatment.
According to some embodiments of the invention, after the tail gas is cooled, the tail gas is subjected to electrostatic dust removal treatment to remove particles in the tail gas, so that the cleanness of a subsequent ionization section is ensured.
According to some embodiments of the invention, oxygen enrichment is performed on the tail gas subjected to electrostatic field dust removal, which is mainly realized by a method of mixing fresh air, so that the oxygen component in the tail gas is adjusted, and sufficient oxidant can be generated through ionization.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in the electric field ionization unit, the ionization voltage is first adjusted by using the ionization characteristic of oxygen to ensure sufficient ionization of oxygen, so as to generate more ozone, and the oxidation of ozone is used to react off hydrocarbon organic matters, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides in the tail gas. The following reactions mainly occur: ionization oxidation reaction under the action of electric field:
(1)O2+ (3-9kve/cmAl catalyzed ionization) ═ O-+O-
In this example, aluminum or aluminum alloy gold was used as the electric field anode to produce a honeycomb hollow anode tube having a rough oxidized inner surface. Iridium or titanium alloy is used as a cathode, a needle plate cathode is made corresponding to the honeycomb tube, and the needle plate cathode is arranged in the anode tube in a penetrating mode to establish an ionization electric field. When oxygen-containing tail gas is introduced into a discharge space of an ionization electric field, 3-9kv/cm high-voltage electricity is applied to the electric field to initiate oxygen ionization, uniform and stable light blue oxygen plasma can be seen, and oxygen in the tail gas is ionized.
(2)O2+O-(Al catalyzed) ═ O3
Because the ionization incomplete region exists in the anode tube, partial oxygen is not completely ionized even though oxygen ions (O) are ionized-) Since there is a possibility of oxygen being recovered, a region where oxygen ions and ozone coexist is formed in the electric field. Because of the use of the aluminum anode, the rapid thermal conductivity characteristic of aluminum acts as a catalyst therein, slowing down the oxygen ion recovery and allowing the oxygen ionization depth to continue to occur. The anode aluminum has no hysteresis characteristics, so that electromagnetic adhesion to an electric field is reduced, and the generation amount of oxygen anions and ozone is increased efficiently.
(3)VOCs+O3＝H2O+CO2
The incompletely oxidized organic macromolecular hydrocarbon inherent in the tail gas can form pollutants in the tail gas, and the pollutants can be oxidized by ozone to generate carbon dioxide and water through an ionization electric field. Wherein the water produced in this step is an essential intermediate for further reactions and is the carrier for the following recovery reactions.
(4)NO+O-＝NO2
Nitric oxide in the tail gas is mainly nitric oxide, the emission proportion of nitric oxide in the tail gas is about 95%, and nitric oxide is mainly treated by oxidation denitration. The nitrogen monoxide is oxidized to nitrogen dioxide under the action of the ionized oxygen ions. Nitrogen dioxide is easily dissolved in water, and in an electric field, water generated after hydrocarbons are oxidized and water contained in tail gas are complexed on the surface of an aluminum anode, so that the following steps occur: 3NO2+H2O＝2HNO3And dissolving nitrogen dioxide in water to form nitric acid, and continuously concentrating the nitric acid on the surface of the anode to form runoff concentrated nitric acid and collecting the runoff concentrated nitric acid in a low-falling mode. NO generated in the process can react with oxygen ions again to generate nitrogen dioxide, and the reaction is circulated so as to obtain effective removal.
(4)CO+O3＝CO2
In an ionization electric field, at least part of carbon monoxide in the tail gas is oxidized into carbon dioxide by ozone, and the carbon dioxide is harmlessly discharged.
The ionization electric field provided by the invention is characterized in that the physical characteristics of 3 electrons on the outer layer of aluminum are used as an anode to establish a high-efficiency electric field, and oxygen is efficiently ionized into oxygen ions; oxidizing the ions and the residual oxygen into ozone; meanwhile, the hydrocarbon macromolecular components are degraded into water and carbon dioxide under the surface complexation catalysis of the aluminum alloy; nitric oxide is oxidized into nitrogen dioxide under the action of oxygen ions; dissolving nitrogen dioxide in water, fully utilizing the catalytic complexation characteristic of the aluminum alloy, accelerating the water-melting reaction of surface water and a catalyst, and collecting nitrate; part of escaped nitric oxide is continuously captured by oxygen ions in a circulating way and is continuously oxidized into nitrogen dioxide; the nitrogen dioxide continues to participate in the above reaction.
It should be noted that the main purpose of the ionization oxidation electric field is to generate more oxidants to deeply oxidize hydrocarbon organic compounds, carbon monoxide and nitric oxide. By selecting the aluminum and aluminum alloy composite catalytic material, the electron adsorption capacity of aluminum is fully utilized, the electromagnetic hysteresis characteristic is avoided, and the rapid heat conduction characteristic is realized, so that the ionization efficiency is higher, and the energy consumption of a catalytic electric field is lower.
The invention monitors the tail gas components by monitoring the concentration of nitrogen oxides, the concentration of organic hydrocarbons, the concentration of carbon monoxide and the concentration of ozone in feedback exhaust gas, ensures that each pollutant in the tail gas is ionized and oxidized, and adjusts the oxygen increasing amount if excessive ozone or nitrogen oxides, organic hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide escape, thereby realizing the balance of ionization energy consumption and removal efficiency.
The exhaust treatment system and method of the present invention are further illustrated by the following specific examples.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, a schematic structural diagram of an exhaust gas treatment system in the present embodiment is shown, which includes: a tail gas temperature control power generation section 100, an electrostatic dust collection section 200, an ionization section 300, a mixed air oxygenation section 400 and an online monitoring section 500. The tail gas temperature control power generation section 100 is used for controlling the temperature of the tail gas to be below 200 ℃ and is communicated with the electrostatic dust removal section 200 through a pipeline; the electrostatic dust removal section 200 is used for removing at least particulate matters in the tail gas and is communicated with the ionization section 300 through a pipeline; the ionization section 400 comprises a plurality of electric field ionization units, the electric field ionization units are used for forming an electric field and generating gas ionization in the electric field, and the ionization section 400 is communicated with the electrostatic dust removal section through a pipeline; the mixed air pressurization section 400 is communicated with the ionization section 300 through a pipeline to introduce fresh air into the electric field ionization unit of the ionization section 300.
The tail gas temperature control power generation section 100 is a pipeline with enough length, the tail gas temperature of the engine is reduced to 200 ℃ by conveying the tail gas of the engine through the pipeline with enough length, the cooled tail gas enters the electrostatic dust removal section 200 through the pipeline, particulate matters in the tail gas are removed, and the cleanness of a subsequent ionization section 300 is ensured; and fresh air is introduced into the tail gas subjected to dust removal treatment through the air mixing and pressurizing section 400, and then enters the ionization section 300 for ionization and oxidation.
In this embodiment, the electrostatic dust removal section 200 may be an exhaust gas electric field device of PCT/CN2019/112250, or an existing electrostatic dust removal device capable of removing particulate matters.
In this embodiment, the ionization section 300 includes a plurality of electric field ionization units, each of which includes a first electrode and a second electrode having a blocking dielectric layer on a surface thereof, and a dielectric blocking electric field is established in a discharge space formed between the first electrode and the blocking dielectric layer; the first electrode is a hollow tube made of aluminum, and the inner surface of the hollow tube is oxidized to prevent ozone corrosion. The second electrode is needle plate-shaped, made of titanium alloy, and penetrates through the hollow tube of the first electrode, and the blocking dielectric layer in the embodiment is made of conventional materials, such as quartz glass and ceramic; applying a voltage of 3-9Kv/cm to the dielectric barrier electric field by an external alternating current power supply to initiate oxygen in the electric field to be ionized into oxygen ions, combining the oxygen ions with the oxygen to generate an enhancer ozone, reacting the ozone with hydrocarbon organic compounds (namely Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)) in the tail gas, and oxidizing the ozone into CO2And water, then with NOXOxidized to higher nitrogen oxides such as NO2Etc. and finally reacted with CO to be oxidized into CO2I.e. reaction priority of volatile organic compounds VOC > nitroxide NOXCO and sufficient volatility in the gasSufficient water produced by the organic compound VOC to react with the high nitrogen oxides to form nitric acid, and therefore, treating the gas with ozone results in the removal of NO by the ozoneXThe effect is better and is an unexpected technical effect for those skilled in the art.
In this embodiment, the online monitoring section 500 dynamically controls the oxygen increasing amount of the air mixing and pressurizing section 400 and the voltage of the ionization section 300 by monitoring the components of the tail gas to realize the balance between ionization energy consumption and desorption efficiency, so as to effectively oxidize the gas components to be treated in the tail gas, and includes a gas component detecting unit for detecting the content of the tail gas components after the electric field ionization treatment. The gas component detection unit is selected from at least one of the following detection units:
the hydrocarbon detection unit is used for detecting the content of VOCs in the tail gas after the electric field ionization treatment;
the nitrogen oxide detection unit is used for detecting the content of nitrogen oxide in the tail gas after the electric field ionization treatment;
the carbon monoxide detection unit is used for detecting the content of carbon monoxide in the tail gas after the electric field ionization treatment;
and the ozone detection unit is used for detecting the ozone content in the tail gas after the electric field ionization treatment.
In this embodiment, the online monitoring section 500 further includes a control unit, and the control unit controls the amount of oxygen provided by the air mixing and pressurizing section 400 to the electric field ionization unit and/or the voltage of the electric field ionization unit in the ionization section 300 according to an output value of at least one of the units for detecting components of tail gas before the electric field ionization treatment.
In this embodiment, the tail gas treatment method includes the following steps: controlling the temperature of the tail gas below 200 ℃, and then performing electrostatic dust removal to remove particles in the tail gas; introducing fresh air into the tail gas after dust removal to improve the oxygen content in the tail gas, and determining oxygen supplementation amount according to at least one value of the concentration of nitrogen oxide, the concentration of VOC, the concentration of CO and the concentration of ozone in the finally discharged tail gas; and the tail gas after oxygenation enters an ionization electric field unit for ionization and oxidation treatment. The present embodiment can achieve at least the following removal effects: nitrogen oxides NOXRemoving efficiency: 60-99.97%; oxidation of carbon monoxideCarbon CO removal efficiency: 1-50%; volatile organic compound VOC removal efficiency: 60-99.97%.
Claims (29)
1. A tail gas treatment system is characterized by comprising a tail gas temperature control power generation section, an electrostatic dust removal section, an ionization section and a mixed air oxygenation section; the tail gas temperature control power generation section controls the temperature of the tail gas within a certain temperature range and is communicated with the electrostatic dust removal section through fluid; the electrostatic dust removal section at least removes particles in the tail gas and is communicated with the ionization section in a fluid mode, the ionization section comprises a plurality of electric field ionization units, and the electric field ionization units form an electric field and ionize gas; the mixed air oxygenation section is in fluid communication with the ionization section and introduces fresh air to the field ionization unit.
2. The exhaust gas treatment system according to claim 1, wherein the certain temperature range is comprised below 200 ℃, below 150 ℃, below 100 ℃ or below 80 ℃.
3. The exhaust treatment system of claim 1, wherein the electric field ionization unit comprises a first electrode made of at least one of aluminum and aluminum alloy.
4. The exhaust treatment system of claim 3, wherein the aluminum alloy includes at least one of an aluminum titanium alloy, an aluminum magnesium alloy.
5. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the electric field ionization unit further comprises a second electrode, and the material of the second electrode comprises iridium or titanium alloy.
6. The exhaust treatment system according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein the first electrode has a hollow tubular shape and the second electrode is disposed through the hollow tube of the first electrode.
7. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the electric field formed by the electric field ionization unit is a dielectric barrier electric field or an electrostatic field.
8. The exhaust gas treatment system according to claim 7, wherein when the electric field formed by the electric field ionization unit is a dielectric barrier electric field, a barrier dielectric layer is disposed on an outer surface of the second electrode, a gap is disposed between the first electrode and the barrier dielectric layer, and a discharge space of the dielectric barrier electric field is formed between the first electrode and the barrier dielectric layer.
9. The exhaust gas treatment system according to claim 8, wherein the first electrode is in a shape of a hollow tube, the second electrode provided with the barrier medium layer is inserted into the hollow tube of the first electrode, and a discharge space is formed by a gap between the first electrode and the barrier medium layer.
10. The exhaust gas treatment system according to claim 7, wherein when the electric field formed by the electric field ionization unit is an electrostatic field, the first electrode is an electric field anode, the second electrode is an electric field cathode, and an electrostatic field is formed between the first electrode and the second electrode.
11. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the voltage of the electric field formed by the electric field ionization unit is 3 to 9 Kv/cm.
12. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of claims 1 to 11, further comprising an online monitoring section for dynamically controlling the oxygen increase amount of the air mixing pressurization section and the voltage of the ionization section by monitoring the exhaust gas components to balance ionization energy consumption and extraction efficiency.
13. The exhaust gas treatment system according to claim 12, wherein the on-line monitoring section comprises a gas component detection unit for detecting the content of the components in the exhaust gas after the ionization section.
14. The exhaust gas treatment system of claim 13, wherein the gas component detection unit is selected from at least one of the following detection units:
the hydrocarbon detection unit is used for detecting the content of the hydrocarbon in the tail gas after the ionization section treatment;
the nitrogen oxide detection unit is used for detecting the content of nitrogen oxide in the tail gas after the ionization section treatment;
the carbon monoxide detection unit is used for detecting the content of carbon monoxide in the tail gas after the ionization section treatment;
and the ozone detection unit is used for detecting the ozone content in the tail gas after the ionization section treatment.
15. The exhaust gas treatment system according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the on-line monitoring section further comprises a control unit, and the control unit controls the amount of oxygen supplied from the air mixing and pressurizing section to the electric field ionization unit and/or the voltage of the electric field ionization unit in the ionization section according to the output value of at least one gas component detection unit.
16. An exhaust gas treatment method, comprising the steps of:
A) controlling the temperature of tail gas to be treated below 200 ℃, 150 ℃, 100 ℃ or 80 ℃;
B) the tail gas treated in the step A) enters an electrostatic dust collection electric field, and at least particulate matters in the tail gas are removed;
C) introducing fresh air into the electric field ionization unit;
D) and the tail gas enters an electric field ionization unit to remove at least one of hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide in the tail gas.
17. The exhaust gas treatment method according to claim 16, wherein step D) further comprises: the electric field ionization unit is selected to comprise a first electrode, and the material of the first electrode comprises at least one of aluminum and aluminum alloy.
18. The exhaust gas treatment method of claim 17, comprising selecting the aluminum alloy to comprise at least one of an aluminum titanium alloy, an aluminum magnesium alloy.
19. The exhaust gas treatment method according to any one of claims 16 to 18, wherein step D) further comprises: and selecting the electric field ionization unit to further comprise a second electrode, wherein the material of the second electrode comprises at least one of iridium and titanium alloy.
20. The exhaust gas treatment method according to any one of claims 17 to 19, wherein step D) further comprises: the first electrode is selected to be in a hollow tubular shape, and the second electrode is arranged in the hollow tube of the first electrode in a penetrating mode.
21. The exhaust gas treatment method according to any one of claims 16 to 20, wherein step D) further comprises: and selecting the electric field formed by the electric field ionization unit as a dielectric barrier electric field or an electrostatic field.
22. The exhaust gas treatment method according to claim 21, wherein when the electric field formed by the electric field ionization unit is a dielectric barrier electric field, a barrier dielectric layer is disposed on an outer surface of the second electrode, a gap is disposed between the first electrode and the barrier dielectric layer, and a discharge space of the dielectric barrier electric field is formed between the first electrode and the barrier dielectric layer.
23. The exhaust gas treatment method according to claim 22, wherein the first electrode is in a hollow tubular shape, the second electrode provided with the barrier medium layer is inserted into the hollow tube of the first electrode, and a discharge space is formed by a gap between the first electrode and the barrier medium layer.
24. The exhaust gas treatment method according to claim 21, wherein when the electric field formed by the electric field ionization unit is an electrostatic field, the first electrode is an electric field anode, the second electrode is an electric field cathode, and an electrostatic field is formed between the first electrode and the second electrode.
25. The exhaust gas treatment method according to any one of claims 16 to 24, wherein step D) further comprises: the voltage of the electric field formed by the electric field ionization unit is selected to be 3-9 Kv/cm.
26. The exhaust gas treatment process according to any one of claims 16 to 25, further comprising: and dynamically controlling the oxygen increasing amount of the air mixing pressurization section and the voltage of the electric field ionization unit by monitoring tail gas components so as to realize ionization energy consumption and stripping efficiency balance.
27. The exhaust gas treatment method according to claim 26, comprising: and detecting the content of the tail gas components after the electric field ionization treatment.
28. The exhaust gas treatment method according to claim 27, wherein the content of the components of the exhaust gas after the detection electric field ionization treatment is selected from at least one of:
detecting the content of hydrocarbons in the tail gas after the electric field ionization treatment unit;
detecting the content of nitrogen oxides in the tail gas after the electric field ionization treatment unit;
detecting the content of carbon monoxide in the tail gas after the electric field ionization treatment unit;
and detecting the ozone content in the tail gas after the electric field ionization treatment unit.
29. The exhaust gas treatment method according to any one of claims 26 to 28, wherein the amount of oxygen supplied to the electric field ionization unit and/or the voltage of the electric field ionization unit is controlled in accordance with an output value of at least one of the electric field ionization-treated exhaust gas component detection units.
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| CN115178065A (en) * | 2022-07-20 | 2022-10-14 | 山西太钢不锈钢精密带钢有限公司 | Ion denitration process |
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