CN112531184B - Thermal management apparatus for fuel cell, control method, and storage medium - Google Patents

Thermal management apparatus for fuel cell, control method, and storage medium Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112531184B
CN112531184B CN202110179508.2A CN202110179508A CN112531184B CN 112531184 B CN112531184 B CN 112531184B CN 202110179508 A CN202110179508 A CN 202110179508A CN 112531184 B CN112531184 B CN 112531184B
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heat
fuel cell
heat storage
medium
temperature
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CN112531184A (en
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张国强
丰收
李飞强
李佳莹
郑文良
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Beijing Sinohytec Co Ltd
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Beijing Sinohytec Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
    • H01M8/04074—Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
    • B60L58/32—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load
    • B60L58/33—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load by cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
    • B60L58/32—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load
    • B60L58/34—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load by heating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04052—Storage of heat in the fuel cell system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04268—Heating of fuel cells during the start-up of the fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04992—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the implementation of mathematical or computational algorithms, e.g. feedback control loops, fuzzy logic, neural networks or artificial intelligence
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
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  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a thermal management device for a fuel cell, a control method of the device, and a storage medium. The heat management device comprises a heat dissipation circulating system, a heating circulating system and a heat storage buffer system. The heat storage buffering system comprises branch heat storage pipelines, a heat exchanger, a heat storage buffering device and a first heat storage circulating pipeline. The heat storage buffer device comprises a heat storage buffer material used for storing heat from the fuel cell or providing heat for the fuel cell. In this way, the auxiliary heat radiation function can be provided in the case where the heat radiation performance of the heat sink is insufficient. In addition, the heat stored in the heat storage buffer device can be used for assisting cold start of the fuel cell or providing heat for a warm air system.

Description

Thermal management apparatus for fuel cell, control method, and storage medium
Technical Field
The present invention relates generally to hydrogen fuel cells, and more particularly to a thermal management apparatus, a control method, and a storage medium for a fuel cell.
Background
The improvement of the performance of the fuel cell system is restricted by the heat dissipation problem of the fuel cell system, the existing heat radiator can not completely meet the heat dissipation condition of the fuel cell system when the environmental temperature is higher, so that the heat in the fuel cell system is accumulated, the temperature is continuously increased, the output performance of the fuel cell system is slightly influenced, the fuel cell system stops running if the temperature is high, and the service life is greatly shortened.
In the prior art (for example, CN107994242A, etc.), a radiator is generally provided for a fuel cell system, and the cold start in winter is realized by self-heating or external electric heating of the fuel cell, without considering the waste heat utilization of the heat of the fuel cell. In addition, according to the technical scheme, when the time of heat demand is inconsistent with the time of heat generation of the fuel cell when the whole vehicle is applied, the effective utilization of the heat cannot be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
According to an example embodiment of the present disclosure, a thermal management solution for a fuel cell is provided. The scheme aims to share a part of heat dissipation capacity to play a role in auxiliary heat dissipation under the condition that the heat dissipation performance of the radiator is insufficient. In addition, the heat generated by the fuel cell can be stored and utilized controllably when needed, so that heat can be provided for cold start of the fuel cell system, a warm air system of the whole vehicle and the like.
In a first aspect of the present disclosure, a thermal management apparatus for a fuel cell is provided. The device includes: a heat rejection circulation system comprising a heat sink fluidly connected to the fuel cell by a conduit adapted to reject heat generated by the fuel cell to the environment; and a heating circulation system for heating the fuel cell. The apparatus also includes a heat storage buffer system, the heat storage buffer system including: a heat storage branch line configured in parallel with the radiator, wherein a three-way valve is provided at an inlet of the heat storage branch line, the three-way valve being operable to control a flow of a medium in the radiator and the heat storage branch line; the heat exchanger is arranged on the heat storage branch pipeline and is used for heat exchange of media in the heat storage branch pipeline; a heat storage buffer device comprising a heat storage buffer material for storing heat from the fuel cell or providing heat to the fuel cell; and a first heat storage circulation line configured to transfer heat between the heat exchanger and the heat storage buffer, wherein at the heat exchanger the medium in the first heat storage circulation line is adapted to exchange heat in fluid isolation from the medium in the branch heat storage line, and at the heat storage buffer the medium in the first heat storage circulation line is adapted to exchange heat in fluid isolation from the heat storage buffer material.
In a second aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a control method for a thermal management device for a fuel cell according to the first aspect described above. The method comprises the following steps: (a) restricting the flow of the medium in the heating cycle system to heat the fuel cell in response to the temperature of the fuel cell being less than or equal to the cell temperature low target value; (b) limiting the medium flow in a heating circulation system and a heat dissipation circulation system in a predetermined proportion in response to the temperature of the fuel cell being higher than a cell temperature low target value and lower than or equal to a cell temperature middle target value; (c) in response to the temperature of the fuel cell being above the target cell temperature value and below or equal to the high cell temperature target value, restricting the flow of the medium in the heat rejection circulation system; and (d) in response to the temperature of the fuel cell being above the cell temperature high target value, controlling the three-way valve such that the medium flows through the heat rejection circulation system and the heat storage buffer system to partially store heat from the fuel cell in the heat storage buffer material.
In a third aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a control method for a thermal management device for a fuel cell according to the first aspect described above. The method comprises the following steps: (a) flowing the medium through the branch heat storage line in response to the temperature of the medium in the heat storage buffer device being higher than or equal to a predetermined target value; (b) in the heat storage buffer system, the medium in the branch heat storage pipeline is heated by using the heat stored in the heat storage buffer material so as to provide heat for the fuel cell; and (c) after a predetermined time interval, bringing the fuel cell into a normal operation state in response to the temperature of the fuel cell being higher than or equal to the cell temperature low target value.
In a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a control method for a thermal management device for a fuel cell according to the first aspect described above. The method comprises the following steps: (a) restricting the flow of the medium in the heating cycle system to heat the fuel cell in response to the temperature of the fuel cell being less than or equal to the cell temperature low target value; (b) in response to the temperature of the fuel cell being higher than the cell temperature low target value and lower than or equal to the cell temperature mid-target value, (b 1) restricting the flow of the medium in a predetermined proportion in the heating circulation system and the heat storage buffer system, and (b 2) opening at least one electrically operated valve to activate the heating heat exchanger; (c) in response to the temperature of the fuel cell being above the target of the cell temperatures and below or equal to the high target of the cell temperatures, (c 1) restricting the flow of the medium in the heat storage buffer system and the heat rejection circulation system in a predetermined proportion, and (c 2) opening at least one electrically operated valve to activate the heating heat exchanger; and (d) controlling the three-way valve to allow the medium to flow through the heat dissipation circulation system in response to the temperature of the fuel cell being higher than the cell temperature high target value.
In a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, a computer readable storage medium is provided, on which a computer program is stored, which program, when executed by a processor, implements a method according to any one of the second to fourth aspects of the present disclosure.
According to the exemplary embodiment of the disclosure, the heat storage buffer system can share a part of heat dissipation capacity of the fuel cell under the condition that the heat dissipation capacity of the radiator is insufficient, so as to achieve the purpose of buffering. In addition, the heat storage buffer system can collect and store the heat and keep the temperature for a period of time for various applications. For example, under the condition of cold start of the fuel cell, the fuel cell with low temperature can be heated completely by means of the stored heat in a preset time period to complete the cold start, so that the electric energy consumed during the cold start is effectively reduced. In addition, under the condition that the whole vehicle has heat demand, the heat stored in the heat storage buffer device can be used for other multiple purposes. For example, the heat can be provided to a vehicle warm air system to heat a vehicle cabin or provided to an external heat exchanger in an air conditioning system, so as to achieve the purposes of saving energy and improving the performance of the air conditioning system. The heat can also be provided for a defrosting and defogging system of the vehicle window.
It should be understood that the statements herein reciting aspects are not intended to limit the critical or essential features of the embodiments of the present disclosure, nor are they intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become apparent from the following description.
Drawings
The above and other features, advantages and aspects of various embodiments of the present disclosure will become more apparent by referring to the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, like or similar reference characters designate like or similar elements, and wherein:
FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a thermal management apparatus for a fuel cell according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 shows a schematic structural view of a heat storage buffer device according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a thermal management apparatus for a fuel cell according to another example embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a thermal management apparatus for a fuel cell according to another example embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a thermal management apparatus for a fuel cell according to yet another example embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 6 shows a flowchart of a control method for a thermal management device for a fuel cell according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 7 shows a flowchart of another control method of a thermal management apparatus for a fuel cell according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure; and
fig. 8 shows a flowchart of another control method of a thermal management apparatus for a fuel cell according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While certain embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it is to be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein, but rather are provided for a more thorough and complete understanding of the present disclosure. It should be understood that the drawings and embodiments of the disclosure are for illustration purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure.
In describing embodiments of the present disclosure, the terms "include" and its derivatives should be interpreted as being inclusive, i.e., "including but not limited to. The term "based on" should be understood as "based at least in part on". The term "one embodiment" or "the embodiment" should be understood as "at least one embodiment". The terms "first," "second," and the like may refer to different or the same object. Other explicit and implicit definitions are also possible below.
In general, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, an improvement and control scheme for a thermal management device for a fuel cell is provided. In this solution, the heat generated by the fuel cell during high-temperature operation is temporarily stored by the heat storage buffer device. In subsequent applications, this stored heat can be used for various uses of fuel cells and vehicles as needed. In this way, on the one hand, the heat dissipation performance of the fuel cell is improved; on the other hand, the heat source can be provided for cold starting of the fuel cell, an air conditioning system of the vehicle and the like, and the purpose of saving energy consumption is achieved.
Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of a thermal management apparatus for a fuel cell according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure. A thermal management apparatus for a fuel cell according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure includes a heat dissipation cycle system. In fig. 1, the fuel cell heat dissipation cycle is represented by arrow I.
Specifically, the heat dissipation circulation system includes the fuel cell 1. The circuit of the circuit I starts from the fuel cell 1. At a location adjacent to the fuel cell 1, a temperature sensor 16 is arranged to monitor the temperature of the circulating medium in the conduit as it leaves the fuel cell 1. The circulating medium continues to flow to the radiator 11. The radiator 11 is adapted to discharge the heat generated by the fuel cell 1 to the environment. Temperature sensors 17 and 18 are provided upstream and downstream of the radiator 11 to monitor the temperature of the medium circulating at the inlet and outlet of the radiator 11, respectively. The circulating medium then flows back to the fuel cell 1 via the circulating water pump 14 and a new cycle is started. A temperature sensor 15 is also provided between the circulation water pump 14 and the fuel cell 1 at a position close to the fuel cell 1 to monitor the temperature of the circulation medium flowing back to the fuel cell 1.
The circulating medium functions to carry and conduct heat. The circulating medium can be antifreeze, cooling liquid or water. The present disclosure is not particularly limited in this regard.
In some embodiments, the thermal management device may further include an expansion tank 13 for water supply, air exhaust and pressure stabilization. A deionization apparatus 12 may be further provided on a line from an inlet of the radiator 11 to the expansion tank 13. In addition, a level sensor 20 may be provided at the bottom of the expansion tank 13 to monitor the water level in the expansion tank 13.
The thermal management device also includes a heating cycle system for heating the fuel cell (not shown in fig. 1). The composition, structure and function of an exemplary embodiment of the heating cycle system will be described in detail later.
The thermal management device also includes a heat storage buffer system. In fig. 1, the cycle of the heat storage buffer system includes two cycles as shown by arrows II and III.
Specifically, the three-way valve 4 may be provided in the line between the temperature sensor 16 and the radiator 11 (i.e., upstream of the radiator 11). One of the branches of the three-way valve 4 is a heat storage branch line L1. The line L1 is arranged in parallel with the radiator 11. The three-way valve 4 can be operated (e.g., by a system controller or remotely) to control the flow of medium in the radiator 11 and the branch heat storage line L1. For example, the three-way valve 4 may be controlled so that the entire medium flows through the radiator 11 without passing through the heat storage branch line L1; it is also possible to let the entire medium flow through the heat storage branch line L1 without passing through the radiator 11; it is also possible to cause the medium to flow through the branch heat storage pipe L1 and the radiator 11 in a predetermined ratio.
A heat exchanger 5 is provided in the branch heat storage line L1 for exchanging heat between the medium in the branch heat storage line L1 and the medium in cycle III, which will be described later. A heat storage buffer 7 containing a heat storage buffer material is provided in the circuit of the cycle III (also referred to herein as the "first heat storage cycle circuit"). The heat storage buffer material has a function of storing heat so that heat generated when the fuel cell 1 is operated can be (temporarily) stored therein; and supplies the fuel cell 1 with its stored heat as needed.
The heat storage buffer material according to the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure should have characteristics of large specific heat capacity, small thermal conductivity, and the like, thereby havingHas better heat storage effect. As examples of the heat storage buffer material, an inorganic phase change material, an organic phase change material, a composite phase change material, polyurethane, aluminum silicate, or the like can be used. Among them, various phase change materials are preferably used. For example, NaSO can be used as the inorganic phase change material4·10H2O、MgCl2·6H2Hydrated salts such as O; the organic phase-change material can adopt paraffin, polyethylene glycol and the like. In addition, the composite phase change material can be formed by using the phase change material and inorganic materials such as metal, ceramic, graphite and the like through a certain process.
The first heat storage circulation pipeline connects the heat exchanger 5 and the heat storage buffer device 7, and the medium in the first heat storage circulation pipeline can transfer heat between the heat exchanger 5 and the heat storage buffer device 7. In particular, at the heat exchanger 5, the medium in the first heat storage circulation line is adapted to be in fluid-tight heat exchange with the medium in the branch heat storage line L1; at the heat storage buffer device 7, the medium in the first heat storage circulation line is adapted to heat exchange in fluid isolation with the heat storage buffer material.
Furthermore, a circulation pump 6, as well as a temperature sensor 19 and a filling level sensor 21 for monitoring the temperature and filling level of the medium in the heat storage buffer 7 can also be arranged in the first heat storage circulation line.
In operation of the thermal management device, the medium flows through the fuel cell 1, absorbs heat generated during operation of the fuel cell 1, and the temperature rises. At the heat exchanger 5 the medium in cycle II transfers its heat to the medium in cycle III. The latter flows through the heat storage buffer 7, a temperature difference exists between the high-temperature medium and the heat storage buffer, and heat is transferred to the heat storage buffer and stored therein. When the fuel cell system is shut down for a period of time, the media temperature in cycles II and III drops. At this time, the temperature of the heat storage buffer material is higher than the temperature of the medium, and the heat stored in the heat storage buffer material is transferred to the medium again, thereby finally achieving the effect of heating the fuel cell 1.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic structural view of an exemplary embodiment of a heat storage buffer 7 which can be used for a thermal management device. The appearance of the heat storage buffer device 7 is not required to be special, and the heat storage buffer device can be a cylinder, a cuboid or other three-dimensional structures. The heat storage buffer device 7 may include a housing 701. The housing 701 may be made of a material having a certain hardness and rigidity, and has properties of heat insulation, impact resistance, corrosion resistance, fire resistance, and the like. The interior of the outer housing 701 may also be provided with an inner housing 703, which is made of a thermally conductive material and which internally forms a cavity 704 for the medium. The chamber 704 may contain medium in circulation III. A heat storage buffer material 702 may be filled between the outer shell 701 and the inner shell 703. The heat storage buffer material 702 may exchange heat with the medium in the cavity 704 through the inner shell 703, which is well heat conducting.
Fig. 6 shows a flowchart of a control method of a thermal management apparatus for a fuel cell according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure. In the flowchart shown in fig. 6, a method of storing heat generated by the fuel cell 1 in the heat storage buffer device 7 while it is operating is provided.
Specifically, the method first determines a relationship between the current temperature (T _ st) of the fuel cell and a preset fuel cell temperature low target value (T _ tar _ low). If T _ st is less than or equal to T _ tar _ low, which indicates that the temperature of the fuel cell is too low, the fuel cell needs to be heated by a heating circulation system in the thermal management device, so that the flow of the medium should be limited in the heating circulation system.
If T _ st > T _ tar _ low and T _ st is lower than or equal to a preset target value (T _ tar _ mid) in the battery temperature, it indicates that the fuel cell has started to operate normally. In this case, on the one hand, the fuel cell can be kept warm and heated to maintain its normal operation, and on the other hand, a part of the heat generated by the fuel cell needs to be dissipated. Therefore, in such a case, it is necessary to restrict the medium flow in the heating circulation system and the heat dissipation circulation system in a predetermined ratio.
If T _ st > T _ tar _ mid and T _ st is lower than or equal to a preset battery temperature high target value (T _ tar _ high), indicating that the temperature of the fuel cell is already high at this time, rapid heat dissipation is required. In such a case, the medium therefore no longer circulates through the heating circuit, but rather circulates entirely through the heat-dissipating circuit, in order to dissipate as much as possible the heat generated by the fuel cell.
If the temperature of the fuel cell continues to rise above T _ tar _ high, the heat storage buffer system is activated to assist in heat dissipation. For example, the medium may be made to flow through a heat dissipation circulation system and a heat storage buffer system to partially store the heat from the fuel cell 1 in the heat storage buffer material. Specifically, referring to fig. 1, the three-way valve 4 may be controlled such that the medium partially flows into the branch heat storage line L1, and heat is transferred to the medium in the first heat storage circulation line at the heat exchanger 5 and finally stored in the heat storage buffer material of the heat storage buffer device 7.
According to the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the heat storage buffer device 7 can share a part of the heat dissipation amount of the fuel cell 1 under the condition that the heat dissipation performance of the heat sink 5 is insufficient, so as to achieve the purpose of auxiliary heat dissipation and buffering. The specific heat dissipation capacity of the heat storage buffer device 7 can be determined according to the type and quality of the heat storage buffer material, and is also related to the type and operating temperature of the fuel cell 1.
As described above, the heat stored in the heat storage buffer material of the heat storage buffer device 7 can be applied in various ways as needed. Several example embodiments of these applications are described in detail below. It should be understood that the manner in which these exemplary embodiments are applied does not constitute a limitation on the structure and manner of application of the heat storage buffer system described above. The heat stored in the heat storage buffer material of the heat storage buffer device 7 can be applied to various known or unknown uses as needed by those skilled in the art.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 3, the heat stored in the heat storage buffer material of the heat storage buffer device 7 may be used as a heat source of a vehicle air conditioning system. In these embodiments, the heat storage buffer system may further include a second heat storage circulation line. In fig. 3, this second heat storage circuit is shown in the form of an arrow IV. The second heat storage circuit is connected in parallel to the heat storage buffer 7 and comprises a heating heat exchanger 10. The heating heat exchanger 10 may be used to provide a source of various heat requirements for the vehicle. For example, the heating heat exchanger 10 may be disposed in an air duct of an entire vehicle air conditioning system to provide the entire vehicle air conditioning system with heat required to heat the space in the vehicle. The heating heat exchanger 10 may also be used to provide heat for defrosting/defogging of vehicle windows such as the front windshield of a vehicle. The second heat storage circulation pipeline also comprises an electric valve for controlling whether the medium flows in the second heat storage circulation pipeline or not. As an example, one solenoid valve 8 and 9 may be provided at each of the inlet and outlet of the second heat storage circulation line. The solenoid valves 8 and 9 can be kept closed without the need for a second heat storage circuit connected to the system to provide heat to the vehicle. For example, in the above-described heat storage mode, as shown in fig. 6, in order to store heat from the fuel cell 1 in the heat storage buffer material of the heat storage buffer device 7, the electromagnetic valves 8 and 9 should be kept in the closed state.
Fig. 7 shows a flowchart of a control method of a thermal management apparatus for a fuel cell according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure. In the flow chart shown in fig. 7, a control method is provided for the second heat storage cycle line of the thermal management device in an active state when heat is provided to the vehicle.
Specifically, the method first determines the relationship between the current temperature T _ st of the fuel cell and a preset fuel cell temperature lower target value T _ tar _ low. If T _ st is less than or equal to T _ tar _ low, which indicates that the temperature of the fuel cell is too low, the fuel cell needs to be heated by a heating circulation system in the thermal management device, so that the flow of the medium should be limited in the heating circulation system.
If T _ st is greater than T _ tar _ low and T _ st is less than or equal to T _ tar _ mid, the fuel cell starts to work normally, and a certain amount of heat is generated, namely heat can be provided for the vehicle. Under the condition, on one hand, the method continues to heat the fuel cell to maintain the normal operation of the fuel cell; on the other hand, the control medium flows through the heat storage buffer system, and a part of the heat generated by the fuel cell is transferred to the heating heat exchanger 10 for use by the vehicle via the first heat storage circuit line and the second heat storage circuit line. At this time, it is necessary to control the medium to flow into the heating circulation system and the heat storage buffer system in a predetermined ratio and to keep the solenoid valves 8 and 9 open so that the heat can be finally transferred to the heating heat exchanger 10 through the second heat storage circulation line.
If T _ st > T _ tar _ mid and T _ st ≦ T _ tar _ high, this indicates that the temperature of the fuel cell is already high and it is not necessary to reuse the heating cycle system for heating. Under the condition, the three-way valve 4 is required to be controlled to enable the medium to flow into the heat storage buffer system and the heat dissipation circulating system according to the preset proportion, so that the fuel cell 1 is dissipated heat on one hand, and the vehicle is heated through the heat storage buffer system on the other hand. Likewise, it is then necessary to keep the solenoid valves 8 and 9 open so that heat can be finally transferred to the heating heat exchanger 10 via the second heat storage circuit.
If the temperature of the fuel cell continues to rise and exceed T _ tar _ high, the temperature of the fuel cell is high, and the fuel cell 1 cannot be rapidly cooled through the heat storage buffer system, so that the medium is required to completely flow in the heat dissipation circulation system at this time, so as to rapidly cool the fuel cell 1. In addition, the operating time is relatively short in this operating mode, depending on the actual situation.
Therefore, the heat storage buffer device 7 according to the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure can collect and store heat generated by the fuel cell 1 during operation, and subsequently, when the whole vehicle has a heat demand, the stored heat is used as a heat source, so as to provide heat for a whole vehicle warm air system, a vehicle window defrosting/defogging system, and the like, thereby achieving the purposes of saving energy and improving the performance of an air conditioning system.
In other embodiments, as shown in fig. 4, the heat stored in the heat storage buffer material of the heat storage buffer device 7 can be used as a heat source at the time of cold start of the fuel cell 1. According to these embodiments, the heating cycle system is indicated by arrow V, and may specifically include a heating branch line L2. The heating branch line L2 may be configured in parallel with the heat storage branch line L1. A thermostat 3 is provided at an inlet of the heating branch line L2. The thermostat 3 can be operated to control the flow of the medium in the heating branch line L2. The heating circuit system may further comprise a heating device 2 for heating the medium flowing through the heating branch line L2.
Fig. 8 shows a flowchart of a control method of a thermal management apparatus for a fuel cell according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure. In the flowchart shown in fig. 8, a control method of the cold start of the fuel cell 1 is provided.
Specifically, the method first determines the relationship between the temperature (T _ L) of the medium in the heat storage buffer 7 and a predetermined target temperature (T _ L _ tar). If T _ L is larger than or equal to T _ L _ tar, which indicates that the temperature of the medium in the heat storage buffer device 7 reaches the temperature required for heating the fuel cell 1, the thermostat 3 and the three-way valve 4 are controlled to make the medium flow through the branch heat storage pipeline L1 to transfer the heat stored in the heat storage buffer material of the heat storage buffer device 7 to the medium in the branch heat storage pipeline L1, so as to start the heat storage buffer system to heat the fuel cell 1.
After a predetermined time interval (e.g., 120 seconds), the method determines whether the temperature T _ L of the fuel cell 1 has reached the fuel cell temperature lower target value T _ tar _ low required for normal operation. If the above conditions are satisfied, the fuel cell 1 is brought into a normal operation state.
Otherwise, the heating cycle system is started to heat the fuel cell 1. Until the temperature T _ L of the fuel cell 1 reaches the fuel cell temperature lower target value T _ tar _ low, the fuel cell 1 is brought into a normal operation state.
As can be seen, the heat storage buffer device 1 according to the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure can collect and store heat generated when the fuel cell 1 is operated. In this way, after the fuel cell 1 is left in a low-temperature environment for a certain period of time, it is possible to complete cold start completely by relying on the heat previously stored in the heat storage buffer material of the heat storage buffer device 7 within a predetermined period of time (for example, 120 seconds), thereby effectively reducing the electric power consumed at the time of cold start.
The respective subsystems of the thermal management apparatus for a fuel cell 1 according to the example embodiment of the present disclosure are described above with reference to fig. 1 to 4, respectively. It should be understood that the various subsystems described above may operate independently or in combination in various ways. For example, as shown in fig. 5, in some embodiments, a thermal management apparatus for a fuel cell 1 according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure includes the foregoing various subsystems. These subsystems work in coordination, and can realize multiple functions of heat storage, auxiliary heat dissipation, cold start heating of the fuel cell, heat supply for an air conditioning system of the vehicle and the like.
The functions described herein above may be performed, at least in part, by one or more hardware logic components. For example, without limitation, exemplary types of hardware logic components that may be used include: a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), an Application Specific Standard Product (ASSP), a system on a chip (SOC), a load programmable logic device (CPLD), and the like.
Program code for implementing the methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions/operations specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram to be performed. The program code may execute entirely on the machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
In the context of this disclosure, a computer-readable storage medium may be a tangible medium that can contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The computer readable storage medium may be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium. A computer readable storage medium may include, but is not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of a computer-readable storage medium would include an electrical connection based on one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. Under certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are included in the above discussion, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the disclosure. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments can also be implemented in combination in a single implementation. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single implementation can also be implemented in multiple implementations separately or in any suitable subcombination.
Although the subject matter has been described in language specific to structural features and/or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.

Claims (10)

1. A thermal management apparatus for a fuel cell, comprising:
a heat rejection circulation system comprising a heat sink fluidly connected to the fuel cell by tubing adapted to reject heat generated by the fuel cell to the environment;
a heating circulation system for heating the fuel cell; and
a heat storage buffer system comprising:
a heat storage branch line configured in parallel with the heat sink, wherein a three-way valve is provided at an inlet of the heat storage branch line, the three-way valve being operable to control a flow of a medium in the heat sink and the heat storage branch line;
the heat exchanger is arranged on the heat storage branch pipeline and is used for heat exchange of media in the heat storage branch pipeline;
a heat storage buffer device comprising a heat storage buffer material for storing heat from the fuel cell or providing heat to the fuel cell; and
a first heat storage circulation line configured to transfer heat between the heat exchanger and the heat storage buffer device, wherein at the heat exchanger a medium in the first heat storage circulation line is adapted to exchange heat in fluid isolation from a medium in the branch heat storage line, and at the heat storage buffer device a medium in the first heat storage circulation line is adapted to exchange heat in fluid isolation from the heat storage buffer material.
2. The thermal management apparatus for a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the heat storage buffer device further comprises:
the shell contains the heat storage buffer material; and
an inner shell made of a thermally conductive material and forming a cavity for a medium therein.
3. The thermal management apparatus for a fuel cell according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the heat storage buffer material is selected from one or more of the following items:
inorganic phase change material, organic phase change material, composite phase change material, polyurethane and aluminum silicate.
4. The thermal management device for a fuel cell of claim 1, wherein the heat storage buffer system further comprises a second heat storage circulation line configured in parallel with the heat storage buffer device and comprising:
a heating heat exchanger for heat exchange of a medium in the second heat storage circulation pipeline for heating; and
at least one electric valve operable to control the flow of medium in the second heat storage circulation line.
5. The thermal management apparatus for a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the heating cycle system comprises:
a heating branch line configured in parallel with the heat storage branch line, wherein a thermostat is provided at an inlet of the heating branch line, the thermostat being operable to control a flow of a medium in the heating branch line; and
a heating device configured and adapted to heat the medium in the heating branch line.
6. The control method for the heat management apparatus for a fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising:
(a) restricting a flow of a medium in the heating cycle system to heat the fuel cell in response to the temperature of the fuel cell being less than or equal to a cell temperature low target value;
(b) limiting the flow of the medium in a predetermined proportion in the heating circulation system and the heat dissipation circulation system in response to the temperature of the fuel cell being higher than the cell temperature low target value and lower than or equal to a cell temperature middle target value;
(c) restricting a flow of a medium in the heat rejection circulation system in response to the temperature of the fuel cell being above the target of the cell temperature and below or equal to a high target of the cell temperature; and
(d) in response to the temperature of the fuel cell being higher than the cell temperature high target value, controlling the three-way valve such that a medium flows through the heat dissipation circulation system and the heat storage buffer system to partially store heat from the fuel cell in the heat storage buffer material.
7. The control method for the heat management apparatus for a fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising:
(a) flowing a medium through the branch heat storage line in response to the temperature of the medium in the heat storage buffer device being greater than or equal to a predetermined target value;
(b) in the heat storage buffer system, the medium in the branch heat storage pipeline is heated by using the heat stored in the heat storage buffer material so as to provide heat for the fuel cell; and
(c) after a predetermined time interval, the fuel cell is brought into a normal operation state in response to the temperature of the fuel cell being higher than or equal to a cell temperature low target value.
8. The control method for the thermal management apparatus for a fuel cell according to claim 7, further comprising:
(d) after a predetermined time interval, in response to the temperature of the fuel cell being below the cell temperature low target value, starting the heating cycle system to heat the fuel cell; and
(e) and in response to the temperature of the fuel cell being higher than or equal to the cell temperature low target value, bringing the fuel cell into a normal operation state.
9. The control method for the thermal management apparatus for a fuel cell according to claim 4, comprising:
(a) restricting a flow of a medium in the heating cycle system to heat the fuel cell in response to the temperature of the fuel cell being less than or equal to a cell temperature low target value;
(b) in response to the temperature of the fuel cell being higher than the cell temperature low target value and lower than or equal to the cell temperature middle target value,
(b1) restricting the flow of the medium in a predetermined ratio in the heating cycle system and the heat storage buffer system, an
(b2) Opening the at least one electrically operated valve to activate the heating heat exchanger;
(c) in response to the temperature of the fuel cell being higher than the target value of the cell temperature and lower than or equal to the cell temperature high target value,
(c1) restricting the flow of a medium in a predetermined ratio in the heat storage buffer system and the heat dissipation cycle system, an
(c2) Opening the at least one electrically operated valve to activate the heating heat exchanger;
(d) and in response to the temperature of the fuel cell being higher than the high target value of the cell temperature, controlling the three-way valve to enable the medium to flow through the heat dissipation circulation system.
10. A storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a controller or processor, implements the method of any one of claims 6 to 9.
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