CN112529831A - Landform latent deformation observation equipment using image processing technology - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a landform latent deformation observation device utilizing an image processing technology, which comprises a camera device and a processing unit, wherein the camera device is used for carrying out image acquisition on a landform so as to provide a multi-stage periodic image corresponding to the landform, the processing unit is used for capturing the periodic image divided into a plurality of micro-cell areas, calculating the average gray value of the periodic image of each micro-cell area, comparing the average gray value of the periodic image of the current micro-cell area with the average gray value of the periodic image of the previous micro-cell area to generate a gray difference degree, and when the gray difference degree is greater than a threshold value, generating landform latent deformation information. Therefore, the landform latent deformation observation equipment utilizing the image processing technology can discover the abnormal state of the earth surface appearance in advance, further analyze the abnormal state by utilizing the image processing technology and judge the specific latent deformation condition, thereby effectively preventing the occurrence of a latent deformation disaster.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a landform latent deformation observation device, in particular to a landform latent deformation observation device utilizing an image processing technology.
Background
The occurrence of natural disasters may cause major casualties, property loss, ecological environment damage and serious social hazards, and the occult change is one of the causes of natural disasters.
The catastrophe disaster comprises the deformation and the collapse of landslides, avalanches, retaining walls and similar engineering bodies.
Among them, the latent deformation in the landform is the main cause of the change of the landform, and even the serious latent deformation disaster can cause the loss of life and property. The subsurface creep can have fine changes to the surface appearance, and long-term monitoring of the fine changes can be an important means for preventing disasters caused by the creep.
At present, the early warning measure for monitoring the landform creep usually uses a lot of manpower and various instruments, and the common monitoring methods include a mountain land interpolation method and an image analysis method. The mountain land inserting method needs operation of professional personnel, the process is very complex, manpower needs to be sent to the mountain land to insert the marker, the manpower and material resource input amount is large, the technical means is single, and only a few serious disaster areas are suitable for monitoring by the method. However, the general image analysis can only perform preliminary judgment on the potential change of the landform, and cannot accurately judge whether the landform is really latent from the image change.
Therefore, in the technical field of monitoring the pre-warning of the landform creep, how to perform large-area monitoring in a manner of reducing manpower and improve the monitoring reliability has become one of the problems to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a landform creep observation device utilizing an image processing technology, which can accurately monitor the creep state of a mountain in time, can directly and quickly observe at a far end in a comprehensive way without comprehensively surveying on the spot and setting a marker, and can judge the specific creep condition of an abnormal area, thereby more effectively preventing the occurrence of a creep disaster.
To achieve at least one of the advantages or other advantages, the present invention provides a topographic latent image variation observation apparatus using an image processing technique, the topographic latent image variation observation apparatus including an image pickup device and a processing unit.
The camera device is used for carrying out image acquisition on the landform so as to provide a plurality of periods of regular images corresponding to the landform.
The processing unit is used for capturing a periodic image divided into a plurality of micro-cell areas, calculating the average gray value of the periodic image of each micro-cell area, comparing the average gray value of the periodic image of the current micro-cell area with the average gray value of the periodic image of the previous micro-cell area to generate a gray difference degree, and generating the landform latent deformation information when the gray difference degree is greater than a threshold value.
The equipment for observing the potential change of the landform further comprises a fixing mechanism and a shell, wherein the shell is used for accommodating the camera device and the processing unit, and the fixing mechanism is used for fixing the shell.
The device for observing the potential change of the landform further comprises a storage module used for storing periodic images in multiple periods.
The average gray value is the sum of the gray values of all pixels in the minicell region.
The geomorphic potential change observation device further comprises a communication module used for transmitting the geomorphic potential change information to a remote receiving device.
The minicell regions may be regularly arranged, or may be irregularly arranged.
Further, a minicell region may be partitioned by a processing unit.
To achieve at least one of the above advantages or other advantages, another embodiment of the present invention may further provide a relief image latent observing apparatus using an image processing technique, including an image capturing device and a processing unit.
The camera device is used for carrying out image acquisition on the landform so as to provide a plurality of periods of regular images corresponding to the landform.
The processing unit is used for capturing a periodic image divided into a plurality of cell areas, calculating the periodic image of each cell area to form a character string by using a Hash algorithm, comparing the similarity between the character string generated by the earlier periodic image and the current periodic image of the same cell area, judging that the cell area is a suspected latent deformation area when the similarity is lower than a threshold value, capturing the periodic image divided into the suspected latent deformation area and a plurality of micro-cell areas, calculating the average gray value of the periodic image of each micro-cell area, comparing the average gray value of the periodic image of the current micro-cell area with the average gray value of the periodic image of the earlier micro-cell area to generate a gray difference degree, and generating topographic latent deformation information when the gray difference degree is higher than the threshold value.
Furthermore, the geomorphic potential change observation device further comprises a communication module used for transmitting the geomorphic potential change information to a remote receiving device.
Therefore, the landform creep observation device utilizing the image processing technology provided by the invention can be used for timely and accurately monitoring the mountain creep state without comprehensively surveying on site and arranging a marker, can be used for finding out the abnormal state of the ground surface appearance in advance, further analyzing the abnormal area by utilizing the image processing technology, performing the application of a Hash algorithm and average gray value calculation by dividing the cell area and the microcell area, judging the suspicious area, and then performing on-site accurate surveying, thereby more effectively preventing the occurrence of a creep disaster and saving manpower and material resources.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention may be implemented in accordance with the content of the description, and in order to make the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the following preferred embodiments are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the application, are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the application. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the application, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is an overall schematic view of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram of a periodic topographical image of the embodiment of FIG. 1;
FIG. 2B is a photograph of a periodic topography of the present period of the embodiment of FIG. 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3A is a schematic diagram of the present invention dividing the topographic image captured in FIG. 2A into 20 cell regions;
FIG. 3B is a schematic diagram of the present invention dividing the topographic image captured in FIG. 2B into 20 cell regions;
FIG. 4A is a schematic diagram of the present invention dividing the suspected latent areas in the relief image captured in FIG. 3A into 25 micro-cell areas; and
FIG. 4B is a schematic diagram of the present invention dividing the suspected latent areas in the topographic image captured in FIG. 3B into 25 micro-cell areas.
Reference numerals: 10-a landform occult observation device 12-a camera 14-a processing unit 16-a fixing mechanism 18-a shell 24-a cell area 26-a landform to be detected 28-a micro-cell area
Detailed Description
Specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are merely representative and are provided for purposes of describing example embodiments of the present invention. The present invention may, however, be embodied in many alternate forms and should not be construed as limited to only the embodiments set forth herein.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the positional or orientational relationships indicated in the drawings to facilitate the description of the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or component being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified. Furthermore, the term "comprises" and any variations thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; the two components can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and the two components can be communicated with each other. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is an overall schematic diagram of an embodiment of the invention. To achieve at least one of the advantages described above or other advantages, an embodiment of the present invention provides a topographical latent image viewing device 10 utilizing image processing techniques, and as can be seen in the example of fig. 1, the topographical latent image viewing device 10 includes an imaging device 12, a processing unit 14, a securing mechanism 16, and a housing 18. The housing 18 is used for accommodating the camera device 12 and the processing unit 14, the housing 18 can prevent collision and dust, and the camera device 12 and the processing unit 14 are accommodated in the housing 18 and can be modularized for convenient transportation and installation. The fixing mechanism 16 is fixed at one end to a fixed point and at the other end to the housing 18. The above-mentioned geomorphic potential variation observation apparatus 10 is fixedly installed at a remote position of the geomorphic 26 to be measured.
The camera device 12 is used for image acquisition of a landform to provide a plurality of periods of periodic images corresponding to the landform. The periodic images of the plurality of periods may be all of 1 month, … weekly, or the photographing period may be set according to the crustal movement, and the photographing interval may be longer when the crustal is stable and shorter when the crustal is unstable. The camera device 12 may be an image capturing apparatus, such as a video camera, a still camera, or the like.
The processing unit 14 is coupled to the camera 12 and configured to capture a periodic image divided into a plurality of micro-cell areas 28 (see fig. 4A and 4B), wherein the processing unit 14 calculates an average gray-scale value of the periodic image of each micro-cell area 28, compares the average gray-scale value of the periodic image of the current micro-cell area 28 with an average gray-scale value of the periodic image of the previous micro-cell area 28, and then determines a gray-scale difference, and generates topographic latent deformation information when the gray-scale difference is greater than a threshold.
The average gray value is the sum of the gray values of all the pixels in the minicell region 28. For the suspected latent transformation area, the suspected latent transformation area is divided into a plurality of micro-cell areas 28, the plurality of micro-cell areas 28 are converted into a gray-scale image, the gray-scale value in the gray-scale image can be, for example, a gray-scale value in the range of 0 to 255, and finally, the sum average value of the gray-scale values of all pixel points in the plurality of micro-cell areas 28 after gray-scale processing is calculated. The conversion algorithm of the gray scale map can be a floating point algorithm, a shifting method, an average value method and the like.
Further, the plurality of micro-cell regions 28 may be divided by the processing unit 14 in a regular or irregular arrangement, but the micro-cell regions 28 are arranged in a fixed arrangement, i.e., at fixed positions in the image relative to the lens angle. The division of the microcell regions 28 is determined based on the observed topographical image, and when the observed topographical features are complex, irregular arrangements may be used to divide irregular microcell regions 28 based on the topography relief.
The observation apparatus 10 further includes a storage module (not shown) for storing periodic images for a plurality of periods, and storing the gray-level values. The storage module may be disposed inside the processing unit 14 or the camera 12. The storage module is, for example, a magnetic disk, a hard disk, a flash memory, a memory stick (memory stick), etc.
The geomorphic potential variation observation device 10 may further include a communication module (not shown) for transmitting the geomorphic potential variation information to a remote receiving device. The communication module may be disposed within the processing unit 14 or the camera device 12.
Referring again to fig. 1, to achieve at least one of the advantages or other advantages, another embodiment of the present invention provides a topographic latent image observing apparatus 10 using image processing technology, as can be seen in the example of fig. 1, the topographic latent image observing apparatus 10 includes a camera 12, a processing unit 14, a fixing mechanism 16 and a housing 18.
The camera device 12 is used for image acquisition of a landform to provide a plurality of periods of periodic images corresponding to the landform.
The processing unit 14 is coupled to the camera 12 and configured to capture a periodic image divided into a plurality of cell regions 24 (see fig. 3A and 3B), the processing unit 14 calculates the periodic image of each cell region 24 by a hash algorithm to form a character string, compares similarity between character strings generated by an earlier periodic image and a current periodic image of the same cell region 24, and determines that the cell region 24 is a suspected latent region when the similarity is lower than a threshold.
Then, the processing unit 14 captures a periodic image that divides the suspected latent transformation area into a plurality of micro-cell areas 28 (see fig. 4A and 4B), calculates an average gray-scale value of the periodic image of each micro-cell area 28, compares the average gray-scale value of the periodic image of the current-stage micro-cell area 28 with the average gray-scale value of the periodic image of the previous-stage micro-cell area 28 to generate a gray-scale difference, and generates topographic latent transformation information when the gray-scale difference is greater than another threshold.
Referring to fig. 2A and 2B, fig. 2A is a previous periodic topographic image of the embodiment of fig. 1 of the present invention, and fig. 2B is a current periodic topographic image of the embodiment of fig. 1 of the present invention. Fig. 2A and 2B show the topography of the same location, the interval of the shooting time is one month, and the topography is valley and slope, as can be seen by comparing the example of fig. 2A with the example of fig. 2B, the topography observed in the figure has a slight collapse-like potential in the lower middle part. The captured image is stored in the storage module.
Referring to fig. 3A and 3B, fig. 3A is a schematic diagram of the present invention dividing the topographic image captured in fig. 2A into 20 cell regions, and fig. 3B is a schematic diagram of the present invention dividing the topographic image captured in fig. 2B into 20 cell regions. The 20 cell regions 24 of the regular topographic images of fig. 3A and 3B are respectively labeled with identification codes a1, a2, A3, a4, a5, B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, a1, a2, A3, a4, a5, B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5, wherein the identification codes are provided for illustration only and are not necessarily displayed in the actual topographic images. As can be seen by comparing the example of fig. 3A with the example of fig. 3B, the features observed in the figure have a potential for occurrence at the identification code c 3.
TABLE 1 image strings corresponding to cell regions in FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B
Referring to table 1 in conjunction with fig. 3A and 3B, table 1 shows image character strings corresponding to the cell regions 24 in fig. 3A and 3B, which are calculated by using a hash algorithm, and the character strings calculated from 20 cell regions 24 in the first-stage and the present-stage topographic image maps are shown in table 1, and then the character strings are used to perform similarity calculation, so as to determine the latent deformation state. Each cell region 24 of the periodic image of each session is encoded using a hashing algorithm, and each cell region 24 is encoded with a set of binary 64-bit codes, for example:
0010100001111010011101010111010000001111010101000100100101110001, to save data, the binary code can be converted into a 10-bit string, such as: 16764374869919, thereby obtaining character strings of the respective cell regions 24. The calculation of the similarity can directly compare 64 data generated by binary, and compare the difference between the previous character string and the next character string. Assuming that three character strings are different, the similarity calculation method is as follows: (64-3)/64 is 96.875%, the similarity between the preceding and following character strings is 96.875%.
Further, the present-stage topographic image and the previous-stage topographic image are captured, each cell region 24 in the present-stage topographic image is compared with each cell region 24 in the previous-stage topographic image at the same corresponding position, the similarity (or approximation) of the two sets of codes is compared, and if the similarity (or approximation) of a certain cell region 24 is found to be low, the topographic map corresponding to the cell region 24 is judged to be latent. For example, if the similarity threshold is 95%, it is determined that the topographic features corresponding to the cell region 24 are suspected to have a latent change when the similarity of the cell region 24 is lower than 95%. Therefore, as can be seen from the example in table 1, the character string of the C3 region in the cell region 24 at the previous stage is: 281468534327103, and the string in the c3 region at this stage is: 61924460516607775, when the similarity is 89% by the above-mentioned method for calculating the similarity, it is judged that the c3 region in the cell region 24 is suspected to be a potential change.
Referring to fig. 4A and 4B in conjunction with fig. 3A and 3B, fig. 4A is a schematic diagram illustrating the suspected latent image area C3 of the topographic image captured in fig. 3A being divided into 25 microcell areas 28 according to the present invention, and fig. 4B is a schematic diagram illustrating the suspected latent image area C3 of the topographic image captured in fig. 3B being divided into 25 microcell areas 28 according to the present invention. In this embodiment, after determining that c3 is a suspected latent transformation area, 25-cell areas 28 as shown in fig. 4A and 4B are further divided for the c3 area, the average gray-scale value of the periodic image of each micro-cell area 28 is calculated, the average gray-scale value of the periodic image of the current-stage micro-cell area 28 is compared with the average gray-scale value of the periodic image of the previous-stage micro-cell area 28, and then the gray-scale difference is determined, and when the gray-scale difference is greater than the other threshold, topographic latent transformation information is generated.
As shown in the figure, only the average gray values of the ten-cell areas 28 of q1, q2, q3, q4, q5, r1, r2, r3, r4 and r5 are obviously changed, and the gray difference is really larger than the other threshold, so that the ten areas are further judged as the areas with the terrain potential change, and then only the ten areas need to be subjected to the step survey or more precise test, so that the manpower can be accurately and efficiently applied to the areas which need to be processed.
In addition, the communication module can be used for transmitting the landform latent deformation information to a remote receiving device, and the receiving device sends out warning signals to inform personnel of surveying on the spot. The field survey method may be a human or unmanned aerial vehicle. The personnel on-site survey can directly and accurately judge the potential variation condition on a suspected potential variation area, or can also utilize a method for setting a marker to accurately judge the potential variation condition.
Therefore, the present invention provides a device 10 for observing subsurface change by using image processing technology, which can monitor the subsurface change state of a mountain accurately in time without requiring comprehensive on-site survey and setting a marker, and can find the abnormal state of the surface appearance in advance, further analyze the abnormal area by using image processing technology, and perform hash algorithm and average gray value calculation by dividing the cell area 24 and the microcell area 28, and after determining the suspicious area, perform on-site precise survey, thereby not only effectively preventing the occurrence of the subsurface change disaster, but also saving manpower and material resources.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A geomorphic potential variation observation apparatus using an image processing technique, the geomorphic potential variation observation apparatus comprising:
the camera device is used for carrying out image acquisition on the landform so as to provide a plurality of periods of regular images corresponding to the landform; and
the processing unit is used for capturing the periodic image divided into the micro-cell areas, calculating the average gray value of the periodic image of each micro-cell area, comparing the average gray value of the periodic image of the current micro-cell area with the average gray value of the periodic image of the previous micro-cell area to generate a gray difference degree, and generating the landform latent deformation information when the gray difference degree is greater than a threshold value.
2. The landscape latent observation apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a fixing mechanism and a housing, the housing being configured to accommodate the imaging device and the processing unit, the fixing mechanism being configured to fix the housing.
3. The landscape periscope apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a storage module for storing the periodic images of the plurality of periods.
4. The topographical latent image observation device of claim 1, wherein the average gray scale value is a summed average of gray scale values for all pixel sites within the minicell region.
5. The landscape latent observation device of claim 1, further comprising a communication module for transmitting the landscape latent observation information to a remote receiving device.
6. The landscape latent observation apparatus of claim 1, wherein the micro-cell regions are partitioned by the processing unit.
7. The topographical latent image observation device according to claim 6, wherein the minicell regions are in a regular arrangement.
8. The topographical latent image observation device according to claim 6, wherein the minicell regions are arranged irregularly.
9. A geomorphic potential variation observation apparatus using an image processing technique, the geomorphic potential variation observation apparatus comprising:
the camera device is used for carrying out image acquisition on the landform so as to provide a plurality of periods of regular images corresponding to the landform; and
the processing unit is used for capturing a periodic image divided into a plurality of cell areas, calculating the periodic image of each cell area to form a character string by using a Hash algorithm, comparing the similarity between the character string generated by the earlier periodic image and the current periodic image of the same cell area, judging that the cell area is a suspected latent deformation area when the similarity is lower than a threshold value, capturing the periodic image divided into a plurality of micro-cell areas, calculating the average gray value of the periodic image of each micro-cell area, comparing the average gray value of the periodic image of the current micro-cell area with the average gray value of the periodic image of the earlier micro-cell area to generate a gray difference degree, and generating landform latent deformation information when the gray difference degree is higher than the threshold value.
10. The landscape latent observation device of claim 9, further comprising a communication module for transmitting the landscape latent observation information to a remote receiving device.
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