CN112526464A - Method for estimating azimuth beam width of shore-based multi-channel radar based on measured data - Google Patents

Method for estimating azimuth beam width of shore-based multi-channel radar based on measured data Download PDF

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CN112526464A
CN112526464A CN202011273033.5A CN202011273033A CN112526464A CN 112526464 A CN112526464 A CN 112526464A CN 202011273033 A CN202011273033 A CN 202011273033A CN 112526464 A CN112526464 A CN 112526464A
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radar
azimuth
beam width
angle
phase
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CN112526464B (en
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万晋通
张玉石
黎鑫
尹雅磊
张金鹏
李清亮
赵鹏
许心瑜
夏晓云
张浙东
李慧明
尹志盈
朱秀芹
李善斌
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China Institute of Radio Wave Propagation CETC 22 Research Institute
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/40Means for monitoring or calibrating
    • G01S7/4004Means for monitoring or calibrating of parts of a radar system
    • G01S7/4026Antenna boresight

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for estimating the azimuth beam width of a shore-based multi-channel radar based on measured data, which comprises the following steps: step 1, selecting a strong scatterer target for estimating azimuth beam width: step 2, calculating the azimuth angle of the radar irradiated target
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
And a pitch angle
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
: step 3, setting radar phase scanning mode parameters: step 4, processing phase scanning data: and 5, estimating the 3dB beam width. The method for estimating the azimuth beam width of the shore-based multi-channel radar based on the measured data realizes the external field calibration of the azimuth beam width of the radar by using the mutual scanning function of the sea surface ship target and the multi-channel radar, greatly reduces the cost of the external field test, can carry out the external field calibration on the azimuth beam width of the radar in real time, and is accurate for the multi-channel radarThe measurement provides powerful guarantee.

Description

Method for estimating azimuth beam width of shore-based multi-channel radar based on measured data
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of multi-channel radar beam width estimation, and particularly relates to a method for estimating the azimuth beam width of a shore-based multi-channel radar based on measured data in the field.
Background
The beam width is an important technical index of radar antenna design, the beam width of the antenna can be measured in a microwave darkroom, but a feeder line used by the radar in the test process is different from a feeder line used by an actual radar of the whole machine, particularly a multi-channel radar has large volume, a control system and a feeder line system are complex, the multi-channel radar is inconvenient to place in the darkroom, and the beam width of the antenna of the radar of the whole machine needs to be calibrated and measured again.
For radar beam width calibration, foreign calibration tests are mostly adopted by related scholars at home and abroad: namely, a receiver is adopted to fix an irradiation direction along a radar, and a radar echo signal is movably received, so that the direction of the radar or a pitching single-way antenna directional diagram is measured; or a receiver is placed in the antenna irradiation direction or the pitching center, and the radar performs mechanical scanning, so that the radar direction or the pitching single-way antenna directional diagram is calibrated. The external calibration test principle is simple, but the problems of difficult calibration field selection and high test cost are faced, and a method for directly obtaining the antenna beam width calibration through the measured data is urgently needed.
Based on the modulation principle that radar echo data is subjected to a two-way directional diagram of a receiving and transmitting antenna, the wave beam width of a multi-channel radar can be estimated by using measured data, but still the problems of how to replace a receiver echo signal by using an echo signal of a target scatterer, how to replace the mechanical scanning of the radar antenna by using a phase scanning working mode, how to process phase scanning echo data and the like are still faced, the research on the method of the wave beam width of the multi-channel radar antenna based on the measured data is developed, and a new thought can be provided for calibrating the wave beam width.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for estimating the azimuth beam width of a shore-based multi-channel radar based on measured data.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the improvement of a method for estimating the azimuth beam width of a shore-based multi-channel radar based on measured data is that the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, selecting a strong scatterer target for estimating azimuth beam width:
the method comprises the following steps of acquiring information of passing or berthing ships in a sea area irradiated by a shore-based radar by using an automatic identification system AIS of the ships, and selecting a non-cooperative target for estimating azimuth beam width based on the ship information, wherein the specific steps are as follows:
step 11, selecting a ship with the length of more than 100 meters and the width of more than 30 meters as a target ship for estimating the azimuth beam width by combining the radar irradiation azimuth range and the azimuth angle of the ship in the AIS;
step 12, judging whether the navigational speed of the ship selected in the step 11 is 0, if so, selecting the berthed ship as a measurement target, and if not, not selecting the ship;
step 2, calculating an azimuth angle phi and a pitch angle theta of the radar irradiated target:
calculating an azimuth angle phi required to be set when the normal of the radar antenna is aligned to a target by combining longitude and latitude information of a ship in the AIS and longitude and latitude information of a radar erection position; calculating a linear distance D between the radar antenna and a target, and calculating a pitch angle theta required to be set when a normal of the radar antenna is aligned with the target by combining a known radar erection height H, wherein arcsin (·) is an arcsine function;
Figure BDA0002778277320000021
step 3, setting radar phase scanning mode parameters:
based on the radar azimuth angle and the pitch angle calculated in the step 2, only the azimuth scanning center in the radar phase scanning mode can be determined, and the radar azimuth scanning range, the phase scanning angle, the phase scanning interval angle and the phase scanning measurement duration parameter need to be set, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 31, estimating the radar antenna azimuth beam width:
a one-dimensional uniform linear array composed of N array elements, the interval d of the array elements is lambda/2, and the azimuth beam width of the radar antenna is approximately estimated by using the following formula (2)
Figure BDA0002778277320000022
Wherein λ ═ c/f0,c=3×108m/s is the propagation velocity of electromagnetic waves, f0Is the radar operating frequency;
Figure BDA0002778277320000023
step 32, setting a phase scanning angle:
setting the maximum angle of phase-sweep angle from the normal of the antenna to not more than 120 degrees according to the azimuth beam width of the radar antenna estimated in step 31, as shown in the following formula (3), in terms of the array-plane antennaThe line normal is phase scanning angle zero point, and phase scanning initial angle theta is setscan1And phase sweep end angle thetascan2
Figure BDA0002778277320000024
Step 33, setting the phase sweep interval angle to thetastepDegree;
step 34, setting the phase sweep interval angle thetastepThe corresponding number of pulses is mscan
Step 35, setting a minimum measurement duration:
calculating the minimum measurement time t according to the relevant parameters of the phase scanning angle set in the steps 32-34 and the pulse repetition frequency in the radar working parametersminSee formula (4) below, where PRF is the pulse repetition frequency;
Figure BDA0002778277320000031
step 4, processing phase scanning data:
step 41, according to the distance D between the radar antenna and the target determined in the step 2, calculating a central distance unit r where the target is locatedoSee the following formula (5), where Δ m is the distance resolution,
Figure BDA0002778277320000032
step 42, determining the distance range Δ r corresponding to the selected ship according to the number num of distance units occupied by the target length L of the selected ship, which is shown in the following formula (6):
ro-num≤Δr≤ro+num (6)
step 43, drawing a distance-time RT two-dimensional pseudo color image by using a data matrix formed by a distance range delta r corresponding to the ship and the time length of the measurement data, and selecting a section of complete scanning signal from the RT image;
step 44, with step43, averaging corresponding amplitudes of the delta r distance units to obtain an average distance unit
Figure BDA0002778277320000035
The corresponding amplitude curves with M pulses, see the following equation (7):
Figure BDA0002778277320000033
step 45, sequentially using M to the one-dimensional amplitude values corresponding to the M pulses in the step 44scanAverage pulse to obtain M/MscanIs expressed by thetastepIs a one-dimensional amplitude map corresponding to the azimuth angle of the scale, and is corresponding to M/MscanThe abscissa is multiplied by thetastepConverting the abscissa of the one-dimensional amplitude diagram into an azimuth dimension;
step 5, estimating the 3dB beam width:
step 51, compensating gain loss caused by phase sweeping: calculating the following formula (8) for the azimuth-amplitude Data _ ys corresponding to the step 45, compensating the gain loss caused by phase scanning, and obtaining the Data _ bc after compensating the gain loss, wherein theta is theta with the starting point as thetascan1End point is thetascan2At an interval of thetastepForming an orientation vector, and multiplying the vector by an expression vector;
Figure BDA0002778277320000034
step 52, searching the maximum value in the Data _ bc, finding out the azimuth angle theta corresponding to the left and the right after the maximum value is reduced by 6dBleft、θrightAnd are multiplied by the corresponding beam broadening factors cos θ, respectivelyleft、cosθrightThe 3dB beamwidth is obtained according to the following equation (9):
θ3dB=(θright·cosθright)-(θleft·cosθleft) (9)。
the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method for estimating the azimuth beam width of the shore-based multi-channel radar based on the measured data realizes the external field calibration of the azimuth beam width of the radar by utilizing the mutual scanning function of the sea surface ship target and the multi-channel radar, greatly reduces the cost of the external field test, can carry out the external field calibration on the azimuth beam width of the radar in real time, and provides powerful guarantee for the accurate measurement of the multi-channel radar.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the method disclosed in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a distance-time two-dimensional pseudo-color map in step 43 of the method disclosed in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a one-dimensional view of azimuth-amplitude in step 45 of the method disclosed in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 1, this embodiment discloses a method for estimating a beam width in an azimuth of a shore-based multi-channel radar based on measured data, where in a multi-channel radar phase-scan operating mode, a reasonable target scatterer is selected, corresponding phase-scan parameters are set, phase-scan data corresponding to the target scatterer is processed, beam broadening and gain loss caused by phase-scan are compensated, and a beam width in an azimuth of a radar antenna is estimated. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, selecting a strong scatterer target for estimating azimuth beam width:
the method comprises the following steps of acquiring information of ships passing through or berthing in a sea area irradiated by a shore-based radar by using an Automatic Identification System (AIS) of the ships, and selecting a non-cooperative target for estimating azimuth beam width based on the ship information, wherein the specific steps are as follows:
step 11, selecting a ship with the length of more than 100 meters and the width of more than 30 meters as a target ship for estimating the azimuth beam width by combining the radar irradiation azimuth range and the azimuth angle of the ship in the AIS;
step 12, judging whether the navigational speed of the ship selected in the step 11 is 0, if so, selecting the berthed ship as a measurement target, and if not, not selecting the ship;
step 2, calculating an azimuth angle phi and a pitch angle theta of the radar irradiated target:
calculating an azimuth angle phi required to be set when the normal of the radar antenna is aligned to a target by combining longitude and latitude information of a ship in the AIS and longitude and latitude information of a radar erection position; calculating a linear distance D between the radar antenna and a target, and calculating a pitch angle theta required to be set when a normal of the radar antenna is aligned with the target by combining a known radar erection height H, wherein arcsin (·) is an arcsine function;
Figure BDA0002778277320000051
step 3, setting radar phase scanning mode parameters:
based on the radar azimuth angle and the pitch angle calculated in the step 2, only the azimuth scanning center in the radar phase scanning mode can be determined, and the radar azimuth scanning range, the phase scanning angle, the phase scanning interval angle and the phase scanning measurement duration parameter need to be set, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 31, estimating the radar antenna azimuth beam width:
and preliminarily estimating the azimuth beam width of the radar antenna according to the design form of the radar azimuth antenna and the antenna array element directional diagram. If the array element is a dipole antenna, a one-dimensional uniform linear array consisting of N array elements is formed, the interval d of the array elements is lambda/2, and the azimuth beam width of the radar antenna is approximately estimated by using the following formula (2)
Figure BDA0002778277320000052
Wherein λ ═ c/f0,c=3×108m/s is the propagation velocity of electromagnetic waves, f0Is the radar operating frequency;
Figure BDA0002778277320000053
step 32, setting a phase scanning angle:
setting the maximum angle of the phase-scanning angle deviating from the normal of the antenna not to exceed 120 degrees according to the azimuth beam width of the radar antenna estimated in the step 31, and setting a phase-scanning start angle theta by taking the normal of the array antenna as a phase-scanning angle zero point according to the following formula (3)scan1And phase sweep end angle thetascan2
Figure BDA0002778277320000054
Step 33, setting the phase sweep interval angle to thetastepDegree;
step 34, setting the phase sweep interval angle thetastepThe corresponding number of pulses is mscan
Step 35, setting a minimum measurement duration:
calculating the minimum measurement time t according to the relevant parameters of the phase scanning angle set in the steps 32-34 and the pulse repetition frequency in the radar working parametersmin(s) see the following formula (4), wherein PRF (Hz) is the pulse repetition frequency;
Figure BDA0002778277320000055
step 4, processing phase scanning data:
step 41, according to the distance D between the radar antenna and the target determined in the step 2, calculating a central distance unit r where the target is locatedoSee the following formula (5), where Δ m is the distance resolution,
Figure BDA0002778277320000061
step 42, determining the distance range Δ r corresponding to the selected ship according to the number num of distance units occupied by the target length L of the selected ship, which is shown in the following formula (6):
ro-num≤Δr≤ro+num (6)
step 43, drawing a distance-Time (RT) two-dimensional pseudo color map by using a data matrix composed of a distance Range Δ r corresponding to the ship and a Time length of the measurement data, as shown in fig. 2, and selecting a complete scanning signal from the RT map;
step 44, taking the complete scanning signal selected in step 43 as the processing object, averaging the corresponding amplitudes of the Δ r distance units to obtain an average distance unit
Figure BDA0002778277320000064
The corresponding amplitude curves with M pulses, see the following equation (7):
Figure BDA0002778277320000062
step 45, sequentially using M to the one-dimensional amplitude values corresponding to the M pulses in the step 44scanAverage pulse to obtain M/MscanIs expressed by thetastepIs a one-dimensional amplitude map corresponding to the azimuth angle of the scale, and is corresponding to M/MscanThe abscissa is multiplied by thetastepConverting the abscissa of the one-dimensional amplitude diagram into an azimuth dimension degree, as shown in fig. 3;
step 5, estimating the 3dB beam width:
step 51, compensating gain loss caused by phase sweeping: calculating the following formula (8) for the azimuth-amplitude Data _ ys corresponding to the step 45, compensating the gain loss caused by phase scanning, and obtaining the Data _ bc after compensating the gain loss, wherein theta is theta with the starting point as thetascan1End point is thetascan2At an interval of thetastepForming an orientation vector, and multiplying the vector by an expression vector;
Figure BDA0002778277320000063
step 52, searching the maximum value in the Data _ bc, finding out the azimuth angle theta corresponding to the left and the right after the maximum value is reduced by 6dBleft、θrightAnd are respectively multiplied by phaseCorresponding beam broadening factor cos θleft、cosθrightThe 3dB beamwidth is obtained according to the following equation (9):
θ3dB=(θright·cosθright)-(θleft·cosθleft) (9)。

Claims (1)

1. a method for estimating the azimuth beam width of a shore-based multi-channel radar based on measured data is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, selecting a strong scatterer target for estimating azimuth beam width:
the method comprises the following steps of acquiring information of passing or berthing ships in a sea area irradiated by a shore-based radar by using an automatic identification system AIS of the ships, and selecting a non-cooperative target for estimating azimuth beam width based on the ship information, wherein the specific steps are as follows:
step 11, selecting a ship with the length of more than 100 meters and the width of more than 30 meters as a target ship for estimating the azimuth beam width by combining the radar irradiation azimuth range and the azimuth angle of the ship in the AIS;
step 12, judging whether the navigational speed of the ship selected in the step 11 is 0, if so, selecting the berthed ship as a measurement target, and if not, not selecting the ship;
step 2, calculating an azimuth angle phi and a pitch angle theta of the radar irradiated target:
calculating an azimuth angle phi required to be set when the normal of the radar antenna is aligned to a target by combining longitude and latitude information of a ship in the AIS and longitude and latitude information of a radar erection position; calculating a linear distance D between the radar antenna and a target, and calculating a pitch angle theta required to be set when a normal of the radar antenna is aligned with the target by combining a known radar erection height H, wherein arcsin (·) is an arcsine function;
Figure FDA0002778277310000011
step 3, setting radar phase scanning mode parameters:
based on the radar azimuth angle and the pitch angle calculated in the step 2, only the azimuth scanning center in the radar phase scanning mode can be determined, and the radar azimuth scanning range, the phase scanning angle, the phase scanning interval angle and the phase scanning measurement duration parameter need to be set, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 31, estimating the radar antenna azimuth beam width:
a one-dimensional uniform linear array composed of N array elements, the interval d of the array elements is lambda/2, and the azimuth beam width of the radar antenna is approximately estimated by using the following formula (2)
Figure FDA0002778277310000012
Wherein λ ═ c/f0,c=3×108m/s is the propagation velocity of electromagnetic waves, f0Is the radar operating frequency;
Figure FDA0002778277310000013
step 32, setting a phase scanning angle:
setting the maximum angle of the phase-scanning angle deviating from the normal of the antenna not to exceed 120 degrees according to the azimuth beam width of the radar antenna estimated in the step 31, and setting a phase-scanning start angle theta by taking the normal of the array antenna as a phase-scanning angle zero point according to the following formula (3)scan1And phase sweep end angle thetascan2
Figure FDA0002778277310000014
Step 33, setting the phase sweep interval angle to thetastepDegree;
step 34, setting the phase sweep interval angle thetastepThe corresponding number of pulses is mscan
Step 35, setting a minimum measurement duration:
calculating the minimum measurement time t according to the relevant parameters of the phase scanning angle set in the steps 32-34 and the pulse repetition frequency in the radar working parametersminSee formula (4) below, where PRF is the pulse repetition frequency;
Figure FDA0002778277310000021
step 4, processing phase scanning data:
step 41, according to the distance D between the radar antenna and the target determined in the step 2, calculating a central distance unit r where the target is locatedoSee the following formula (5), where Δ m is the distance resolution,
Figure FDA0002778277310000022
step 42, determining the distance range Δ r corresponding to the selected ship according to the number num of distance units occupied by the target length L of the selected ship, which is shown in the following formula (6):
ro-num≤Δr≤ro+num (6)
step 43, drawing a distance-time RT two-dimensional pseudo color image by using a data matrix formed by a distance range delta r corresponding to the ship and the time length of the measurement data, and selecting a section of complete scanning signal from the RT image;
step 44, taking the complete scanning signal selected in step 43 as the processing object, averaging the corresponding amplitudes of the Δ r distance units to obtain an average distance unit
Figure FDA0002778277310000023
The corresponding amplitude curves with M pulses, see the following equation (7):
Figure FDA0002778277310000024
step 45, sequentially using M to the one-dimensional amplitude values corresponding to the M pulses in the step 44scanAverage pulse to obtain M/MscanIs expressed by thetastepIs a one-dimensional amplitude map corresponding to the azimuth angle of the scale, and is corresponding to M/MscanThe abscissa is multiplied by thetastepThe abscissa of the one-dimensional amplitude map is plottedConverting into azimuth dimension number;
step 5, estimating the 3dB beam width:
step 51, compensating gain loss caused by phase sweeping: calculating the following formula (8) for the azimuth-amplitude Data _ ys corresponding to the step 45, compensating the gain loss caused by phase scanning, and obtaining the Data _ bc after compensating the gain loss, wherein theta is theta with the starting point as thetascan1End point is thetascan2At an interval of thetastepForming an orientation vector, and multiplying the vector by an expression vector;
Figure FDA0002778277310000031
step 52, searching the maximum value in the Data _ bc, finding out the azimuth angle theta corresponding to the left and the right after the maximum value is reduced by 6dBleft、θrightAnd are multiplied by the corresponding beam broadening factors cos θ, respectivelyleft、cosθrightThe 3dB beamwidth is obtained according to the following equation (9):
θ3dB=(θright·cosθright)-(θleft·cosθleft) (9)。
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