CN109459751A - A kind of biological information monitor method of migrating based on weather radar data - Google Patents
A kind of biological information monitor method of migrating based on weather radar data Download PDFInfo
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- CN109459751A CN109459751A CN201810981072.7A CN201810981072A CN109459751A CN 109459751 A CN109459751 A CN 109459751A CN 201810981072 A CN201810981072 A CN 201810981072A CN 109459751 A CN109459751 A CN 109459751A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/95—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/41—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
- G01S7/411—Identification of targets based on measurements of radar reflectivity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/41—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
- G01S7/415—Identification of targets based on measurements of movement associated with the target
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
Abstract
The biological information monitor method of migrating based on weather radar data that the invention discloses a kind of extracts biological echo reflection rate data from the echo reflection rate data of weather radar；Consideration biology migrates, and height distributed area is uneven and distant location radar beam broadens, and the irradiated volume ratio of radar beam shared by biology is removed from the biological echo reflection rate data that step 1 obtains less than setting ratio part.Biological echo reflection rate it is possible to further obtain step 2 is converted into the biological density that migrates in the air of corresponding region, then counts the biomass for the biology that migrates, and its relationship changed over time.It using the present invention, can be avoided that wave beam is non-to be sufficient filling with caused statistical error, improve the accuracy for the biological reflection pickup that migrates, provide a kind of effective means to monitor the biomass that migrates on a large scale.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to weather radar technical fields, and in particular to a kind of biological information of migrating based on weather radar data
Monitoring method.
Background technique
It is the critical biological phenomenon in mankind habitat that biology, which migrates, is the important component of the aerial ecosystem.Every year
Hundreds of millions of bird, bat, insect migrate at a distance, and distance of migrating is up to kilometers up to a hundred.Biology, which migrates, influences species diversity
With stability, promote species geographical spread and genetic variation and genetic differentiation, virus is caused to be propagated on a large scale with microorganism.Migrate is that biology is hidden
The special behavior countermeasure in bad habitat.Biology progress large scale quantification observation of migrating breaks out pre- preventing disease and pest, postgraduate
State system evolution process is significant.
Early in 1998, U.S. professor Gauthreaux found that weather radar can monitor atmobios, had opened thunder
Up to the prelude of aerial ecological study.Europe and the U.S. have started with the monitoring of the Weather Radar Networks such as OPERA and NEXRAD now
Atmobios migrates.2013 so far, and Europe specially sets up ENRAM animal and migrates special project, participates in joint studyes by 24 countries.
The airspace within the scope of the whole continent is observed using Weather Radar Network, the time and space ruler that atmobios migrates can be studied
Degree makes it possible that long term monitoring is migrated mode.Specifically, it in different geographic areas, can be observed by weather radar
It is connected to the variation of the annual biomass that migrates, and by it with the reason of climate change and reduction of other population quantities.
Therefore, using weather radar detection and the Quantitative study biology that migrates has great importance.
However, weather radar data product is intensity, speed, spectrum width information in each resolution volume, including being all
The superposition of radar scattering echo that generates of the targets such as cloud, rain, hail, birds, insect, complicated component, it is difficult to automatic accurate to mention
Take atmobios echo.Therefore, it is necessary to from weather radar data separation and Extraction migrate biological echo, and then migrated in the air
Biomass.
Traditional biological detection scheme of migrating is based primarily upon the modes such as Threshold detection, fuzzy logic, to each resolution volume
Interior radar data product is judged and is classified.It due to judging and classifying is carried out for single volume range of differentiating,
This method is limited only to the local feature using radar return image, not enough fills to the excavation of radar data spatial distribution characteristic
Point, separation and Extraction biological echo accuracy of migrating is undesirable.
For another example principle of the Dokter based on Threshold detection is passed through using the radial velocity in weather radar data product
The standard deviation sigma of radial velocityrGreater than 2m/s as the mark existing for birds that migrates.Then, removal intensity is greater than the radar of 20dBZ
Echo extracts the strength mean value Z in neighborhoodcellWith velocity standard difference σcellTwo features, selected characteristic thresholding are completed birds and are moved
Fly back wave classification extract.Then, it using the relationship of radar reflectivity factor, birds RCS and bird abundance, is migrated in the air
Biomass.But the algorithm has only used statistical information when extracting biological echo, and in order to obtain highl stratification information,
The data near radar in 25 kilometers have been only used, have not been accounted in the farther away situation of radar, due to radar beam exhibition
The non-influence that is sufficient filling with to biomass estimation of the biology scatterer caused by width in antenna beam.
Therefore, separation and Extraction biological echo accuracy of migrating is undesirable in current biological information monitor scheme of migrating, and leads
Cause biomass statistics estimated result inaccuracy.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a kind of biological information monitor method of migrating based on weather radar data, it can
It avoids wave beam is non-from being sufficient filling with caused statistical error, improves the accuracy for the biological reflection pickup that migrates, moved on a large scale for monitoring
Winged biomass provides a kind of effective means.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention is implemented as follows:
A kind of biological information monitor method of migrating based on weather radar data, comprising:
Step 1: extracting biological echo reflection rate data from the echo reflection rate data of weather radar；
Step 2: consideration biology migrates, height distributed area is uneven and distant location radar beam broadens, from step 1
The irradiated volume ratio that radar beam shared by biology is removed in obtained biological echo reflection rate data is less than setting ratio part.
Preferably, this method further comprises step 3: the biological echo reflection rate that step 2 is obtained is converted into correspondence
The biological density that migrates in the air in region, then counts the biomass for the biology that migrates, and its relationship changed over time.
Preferably, it is from day that step 1 extracts biological echo reflection rate data from the echo reflection rate data of weather radar
It is extracted in gas radar minimum elevations scan data.
Preferably, the step 1 are as follows: reflectivity is presented according to the biology that migrates in weather radar and is in certain section, more
General to strangle the low feature of the relatively meteorological target of spectrum width, removal does not meet life of migrating from the echo reflection rate data of weather radar
The part of object feature obtains biological echo reflection rate data and extracts result.
In step 1, the feature in certain section is according to the biological reflectivity that migrates, removal does not meet the biological characteristic that migrates
Part implementation are as follows:
The low reflectivity regions that reflectivity is less than 5dBZ are found from echo reflection rate data, are gone as abiotic echo
It removes；
From echo reflection rate data, the local average reflectivity for the regional area being sized is greater than to the area of 30dBZ
Domain is determined as having cloud sector, carries out Morphological scale-space, and removal has cloud sector and smooth edges.
Preferably, above-mentioned Morphological scale-space is being carried out, after removal has cloud sector domain and smooth edges, further according to biology
It migrates and shows large range of feature in weather radar, connection area is less than 400km2Region is determined as the part of biology
Zone of action removes the echo reflection rate data in the local movement region.
In step 1, the biology that migrates is not met according to Doppler frequency spectrum the width lower feature of meteorological target, removal relatively
The implementation of the part of feature are as follows:
Found in the Doppler frequency spectrum width data of biological echo setting local area in average frequency spectrum width be greater than set
The position for determining spectrum width 4m/s as too noisy or exists simultaneously the regions of a variety of echoes, removes the echo reflection at the position
Rate data.
Preferably, the irradiated volume ratio of radar beam shared by removal biology described in step 2 is less than the biology of setting ratio
Echo reflection rate data are as follows:
Step 21, according to migrate biology the height section [h that migratesmin,hmax], calculate corresponding main beam direction angle
t1、t2；
Step 22, using weather radar parameter, calculate the irradiated volume V of radar beamrad；
Step 23, by main beam direction angle t1、t2Substitute into the biological institute's packing volume that migrates for considering biological height of migrating
VbioCalculation formula (I), obtain considering biology and migrate the biological institute packing volume V that migrates of heightbio:
Wherein, r0For the distance of radar beam irradiated volume centre distance radar, θ1And φ1Respectively radar antenna it is horizontal,
Vertical direction 3dB beam angle, △ r are the distance resolution of radar, and erf is Gauss error function；
Step 24, removal Vbio<0.1VradBiological echo reflection rate data.
Wherein, the step 21 are as follows:
Step a: according to 4/3 earth radius model, the relationship between radar beam irradiation height h and irradiating angle θ is constructed
Are as follows:
Wherein, ae=4a/3, a are 4/3 earth radius, and r is distance of the known position to be calculated with respect to radar.
Step b: by the lower limit h of biological height of migrating that migratesminWith upper limit hmaxPublic formula (II) is substituted into respectively, calculates difference
The difference at the elevation angle is main beam direction angle t when the corresponding elevation angle at height, the elevation angle and radar antenna scan1、t2。
Preferably, the step 3 includes:
Step 31, for each resolution cell in day radar coverage, the biological echo reflection that step 2 is obtained
Rate η is converted to biological reflectivity factor Z；
Step 32 utilizes the corresponding relationship of reflectivity factor and biological space density, the biological reflectivity factor Z correspondence of calculating
The biological density ρ that migratesb；
Step 33, will migrate biological density ρbWith the radar beam irradiated volume V of same resolution cellradIt is multiplied and adds up,
Obtain total biomass；Utilize known biological average quality ωbio, calculate the total biological quality W for the biology that migrates.
The utility model has the advantages that
(1) present invention is before determining biomass based on biological echo reflection rate data, for the biology of step 1 extraction
Echo reflection rate data further contemplate biology and migrate that height distributed area is uneven and the broadening of distant location radar beam,
Removal does not meet the biological echo reflection rate data of biological characteristic, avoids biology scatterer caused by radar beam broadening in day
The non-influence being sufficient filling with to biomass estimation in line wave beam, to improve the accuracy of subsequent bio amount estimation.
(2) when extracting biological echo reflection rate data from the echo reflection rate data of weather radar in step 1, consider
Migrate the biology specific characteristic that reflectivity and Doppler frequency spectrum show in weather radar, improves biological echo reflection rate
The accuracy that data are extracted.
(3) data handled by the present invention are not limited in single resolution volume range, therefore this programme is not limited to
The local feature of radar return image, therefore local feature is relieved to the limitation for extracting the biological echo that migrates.
To sum up, it migrates for large scale insect, is based on weather radar data, it can be effectively to elder brother using the present invention program
Worm, which migrates, to be monitored.The present invention can be applied to be extracted in weather radar biological information of migrating, and realizes that large scale is migrated monitoring
With research.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is weather radar wave cover figure.
Fig. 2 is typical weather radar biology reflection pickup process, and (a) (b) is minimum elevations original echo reflectivity, frequency spectrum
Width data, (c)~(e) are extraction process, are (f) extraction result.
Fig. 3 is radar beam irradiation geometrical relationship in the case of biological non uniform wave beam filling.
Fig. 4 is that Bohai Sea Gulf mythimna separata migrates Biomass retrieval as a result, left side longitudinal axis indicates that mythimna separata gross mass, right side longitudinal axis indicate
Mythimna separata quantity.Plus sige indicates actual value, and curve is fitting result.It (a) is the evening result on the 30th of August in 2012；(b) it is 2012 9
Month evening result on the 4th.
Fig. 5 is flow chart of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Extract and migrate biological information from weather radar observation data, it is main include biological echo reflection rate data separating and
Biomass quantifies two parts.The statistical property for the variety classes echo for including in the data observed due to weather radar and space
Distribution character is different, can use these features and handles weather radar data, isolates biological echo, then further
Carry out biomass quantization.Based on this, the present invention provides a kind of Bio-monitoring method that migrates based on weather radar data, base
This step includes:
Step 1: extracting biological echo reflection rate data from the echo reflection rate data of weather radar；
Step 2: consideration biology migrates, height distributed area is uneven and the broadening of distant location radar beam, removal are biological
The irradiated volume ratio of shared radar beam is less than the biological echo reflection rate data of setting ratio；
Step 3: converting biological echo reflection rate to the biological density that migrates in the air of corresponding region, then counts and move
Fly the biomass of biology, and its relationship changed over time.
Wherein, step 1 and step 2 be migrate biology biological echo reflection rate data separation and optimization process, step
Rapid three be biomass quantizing process.
Its inventive point essentially consists at 3 points:
One is being returned before determining biomass based on biological echo reflection rate data for the biology that step 1 is extracted
Wave reflection rate data further contemplate biology and migrate that height distributed area is uneven and the broadening of distant location radar beam, go
Except the biological echo reflection rate data for not meeting biological characteristic, biology scatterer caused by radar beam broadening is avoided in antenna
The non-influence being sufficient filling with to biomass estimation in wave beam, to improve the accuracy of subsequent bio amount estimation.
The second is when step 1 extracts biological echo reflection rate data from the echo reflection rate data of weather radar,
The biology specific characteristic that reflectivity and Doppler frequency spectrum show in weather radar that migrates is considered (to be described in detail under
Text), improve the accuracy that biological echo reflection rate data are extracted.
The third is data handled by the present invention are not limited in single resolution volume range, therefore this programme does not have office
It is limited to the local feature of radar return image, therefore relieves local feature to the limitation for extracting the biological echo that migrates.
Below with reference to the specific implementation step of the invention of the process description shown in Fig. 5:
Step 1: biological echo reflection rate data are extracted from the echo reflection rate data of weather radar.
China's China New Generation Weather Radar uses the operating mode of more elevation angle PPI scanning, and beam angle is 1 °, distance resolution
1km.Radar beam volume covering mode such as Fig. 1 when conventional weather monitoring.In view of the influence of earth curvature and atmospheric refraction,
At 100 kilometers away from radar station positions, the wave cover height at minimum 0.5 ° of elevation angle is about 300~2200 meters.Due to the overwhelming majority
Height when biology migrates is at 2000 meters hereinafter, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, only need to keep minimum to weather radar and face upward
The data obtained in beam coverage when angle are handled, so that data processing amount is reduced, then at next place
In reason, reflectivity, spectrum width data are minimum elevations scan data.
Migrate for biology show larger range in weather radar, reflectivity is in certain section, Doppler frequency spectrum
The width lower feature of meteorological target, the biological echo reflection rate data extraction method that this step 1 uses relatively have following
Step:
Step 11, according to the relatively meteorological lower feature of target of the biological Doppler frequency spectrum width that migrates, in biological echo
Setting local area (3 ° of * 5km) average frequency spectrum width is found in Doppler frequency spectrum width data is greater than setting spectrum width (W > 4m/s)
Position, these positions are too noisies, or exist simultaneously the region of a variety of echoes, remove the echo reflection rate at these positions
Data.
Step 12, the feature that certain section is according to the biological reflectivity that migrates, the echo reflection rate obtained from step 11
In data, the low reflectivity regions of reflectivity Z < 5dBZ are found, it is believed that it is that the abiotic of weak scattering state is presented in sea clutter etc.
Echo removes it.
Step 13, the feature that certain section is according to the biological reflectivity that migrates, the echo reflection rate obtained from step 12
It is to have cloud sector by the region decision of local average reflectivity Z > 30dBZ of the regional area being sized (3 ° of * 3km) in data,
It is the Morphological scale-space of core progress morphological dilations and opening operation processing using 8 resolution cells as the circle of radius, removal has cloud
Area and smooth edges.
Step 14, further, the present invention shows large range of feature in view of biology migrates in weather radar,
Connection area is less than 400km2Region be determined as the local movement region of biology, rather than migrating, therefore, obtaining from step 13
Echo reflection rate data in, remove the echo reflection rate data in the local movement region, complete the extraction of step 1, obtain
Biological echo reflection rate data separating of migrating extracts result.
Fig. 2 shows the effects that each step of above-mentioned steps 11~14 executes front and back.Weather radar primary reflection rate, frequency spectrum
Width data is respectively as shown in Fig. 2 (a), Fig. 2 (b).Step 11, it to the position of W > 4 in Fig. 2 (b), is carried out in reflectivity data
Removal, obtains Fig. 2 (c)；Step 12, the low reflectivity regions that Z < 5 are removed in Fig. 2 (c), obtain Fig. 2 (d)；Step 13, to figure
Morphological scale-space is carried out to the region of local average reflectance Z > 30 in 2 (d), the region and its peripheral region is removed, obtains Fig. 2
(e)；Step 14, removal connection area is less than 400km on the basis of Fig. 2 (e)2Region obtains extracting result figure 2 (f).
Step 2: consideration biology migrates, and height distributed area is uneven and distant location radar beam broadens, and returns to biology
Wave reflection rate data are advanced optimized.
Firstly, being migrated in the air the dominant population of biology by local climate and history phenomenon of migrating, determines and migrate object
Kind, understand its height distribution of migrating, while it is obtained according to the measuring electromagnetic parameters result carried out to the species
Average radar cross section σb。
It migrates biology having a very limited distribution in height, it is as shown in Figure 3 with the geometrical relationship of radar observation wave beam.It is right
For the biology that migrates, spatial distribution is generally uneven, this will lead to non-homogeneous wave beam filing effect, and it is accurate to influence inverting
Property.Consider the broadening of distant location radar beam, can be more than even 1500m in short transverse main beam width, when weather radar is adopted
Other scatterers influence Biomass retrieval excessive when bio distribution range proportion is too low in sample volume, so giving up volume
Than the radar data less than 10%.
As shown in figure 3, specifically needing to calculate the irradiated volume V of the corresponding radar beam of each resolution cellradWith migrate
The volume V that biology is filledbio。
1. the irradiated volume V of radar beamradCalculation are as follows:
The irradiated volume of radar beam can be written as
Wherein r0For the distance of radar beam irradiated volume centre distance radar, W (r) is matched filter distance to weighting
Function, f (θ, φ) are the pattern function of antenna, and θ and φ are respectively azimuth of the target with respect to radar and pitch angle, and Ω is vertical
Body angle, the r in formula (1) are each distance apart from infinitesimal with respect to radar in resolution cell.
Applying the radar system of matched filter its distance can be written as to weighting function
Wherein, σr=0.35 △ r, △ r=c τ/2, c is the light velocity, and τ is pulse width, and △ r is the distance resolution of radar.
Assuming that antenna beam shape is Gaussian, the pattern function of antenna is
Wherein,θ1And φ1Respectively radar antenna level, vertical direction 3dB wave beam
Width.
The prior art only consider atmobios distance to feelings when being uniformly filled in wave beam on horizontal vertical beam direction
The integral result of condition, radar beam irradiated volume can be written as
2. migrate biological institute packing volume VbioCalculation are as follows:
For the biology that migrates, there is most suitable height of migrating, it will be assumed that be height section be hminAnd hmax, and it is corresponding
Main beam direction angle is respectively t1, t2.Then the integral of antenna radiation pattern can be written as in formula:
In normal atmosphere, in conjunction with 4/3 earth radius model, between radar beam irradiation height and irradiating angle
Relationship is
A in formulae=4a/3, it is possible thereby to which being back-calculated to obtain assigned altitute corresponds to the elevation angle
Wherein, a is 4/3 earth radius, and r is distance of the position to be calculated with respect to radar；
In known bio distribution altitude range hminAnd hmaxAfterwards, it can be calculated according to formula (7) corresponding at different height
The elevation angle, the difference at the elevation angle is t when the elevation angle and radar antenna scan1, t2.In conjunction with formula (5), the actual biology that migrates is filled
Volume VbioIt is writeable are as follows:
Wherein, erf is Gauss error function.
3. according to analysis 1. and 2., the specific implementation process of this step 2 are as follows:
Step 21, according to migrate biology the height section [h that migratesmin,hmax], corresponding face upward is calculated using formula (7)
Angle, then it is poor with elevation angle work when radar antenna scanning, obtain main beam direction angle t1、t2；
Step 22 utilizes weather radar parameter, the irradiated volume V of substitution formula (4) calculating radar beamrad；
Step 23, by main beam direction angle t1、t2Substitute into the biological institute's packing volume that migrates for considering biological height of migrating
VbioCalculation formula (13), obtain considering biology and migrate the biological institute packing volume V that migrates of heightbio；
Step 24, removal Vbio<0.1VradAtmobios fill considerably less region.
Step 3: converting biological echo reflection rate to the biological density that migrates in the air of corresponding region, then counts and move
Fly the biomass of biology, and its relationship changed over time.
This step can be realized using conventional technical means, specific as follows:
Step 31, the radar reflectivity factor Z of weather radar observation and the relationship of radar reflectivity η are
Wherein, K is the complex refractive index of substance, and subscript i, the particle that ω divides table to represent ice, aquosity, λ is radar wavelength,
η is radar reflectivity.
Then, for this step for each resolution cell in day radar coverage, the biological echo that step 2 is obtained is anti-
It penetrates rate η and substitutes into the reflectivity factor Z that formula (9) are converted to biology.
Step 32 observes for the biology that migrates weather radar, and reflectivity η is biological space density pbWith its thunder that is averaged
Up to sectional area σbProduct statistical average, can be written as
According to above-mentioned formula, available biology reflectivity factor Z and the biological density ρ that migratesbCorresponding relationship, i.e.,
Wherein, K should be the complex refractive index of biology, can be approximate with the complex refractive index of water droplet.
Migrate biological average radar cross section σbBe it is known, the present embodiment passes through the electricity that carried out in step 2
Magnetic parameters result obtains the biological average radar cross section σ that migratesb, then in average radar cross section σbKnown situation
Under, the radar reflectivity factor Z and the biological density that migrates in the unit of each resolution cell that weather radar can be observed
ρbIt is corresponding, the biological density that migrates is estimated according to the measurement result of weather radar, i.e.,
Step 33, according to the relationship of density and quantity, to the biological density ρ that migrates being calculatedbWith the resolution cell away from
Volume V is differentiated from the radar that place is calculatedradMutually multiplied accumulating, so that it may total biomass is obtained, if known biology is flat
Equal quality ωbio, so that it may total biological quality W is obtained, i.e.,
Wherein i summation is indicated mutually to multiply accumulating the result of all positions.In the preferred embodiment, all positions
Refer to all resolution cells in minimum elevations scanning result.
Compared with the prior art, this method selection data area is larger, leads in extracting biological echo process of wherein migrating
Morphology operations are crossed, characteristics of image has been comprehensively considered and has carried out biological detection, are considered in quantizing process since beam-broadening is imitated
It answers bring to influence, avoids that wave beam is non-to be sufficient filling with caused statistical error.This, which helps to monitor biology, migrates situation, prevention
The outburst of pest and disease damage strange land, and study biological interaction.
It will illustrate implementation steps below with specific example:
Since insect is smaller with respect to birds figure, it is more difficult to be observed by weather radar, so effectively for the verifying present invention
Property, it migrates to mythimna separata autumn near Bohai Sea Gulf, is based on Yantai S-band weather radar measured data, using base of the present invention
In the biological information monitor method of migrating of weather radar data, the extraction and verifying of Migrating Insects information are carried out.
Step 1: choosing weather radar data in mythimna separata great outburst period, present case has chosen the evening on the 4th of September in 2012 to 9
Weather radar data between 5 morning of the moon.Elder brother is carried out to weather radar initial data first with biological reflection pickup step
Worm reflection pickup, obtained echo from insect reflectivity data result carry out step 2~tri- biomass and obtain.
Step 2~tri-, on the basis of extracting echo from insect, dominant population is determined, according to its height distributed area that migrates
The too small data of weather radar observation volume ratio shared by removal biology, it is corresponding to calculate echo from insect reflectivity according to formula (12)
The aerial Migrating Insects density in region.The wherein RCS of insect, i.e. σb, the mythimna separata RCS measured using experiment, other insect typicals
RCS is referring to table 1.
1 insect rcs measurement parameter of table
1 insect rcs measurement parameter of table can be converted the echo from insect that weather radar data is extracted to by quantization step
The space Migrating Insects density of different search coverages, counts aerial Migrating Insects gross mass and total quantity changes over time relationship,
As shown in Figure 4.
Based on above-mentioned weather radar migrate biological information extract verification test it is available to draw a conclusion:
It migrates for large scale insect, is based on weather radar data, utilizes biological information monitor scheme of migrating of the invention
Effectively insect communities can be monitored.
Method of the invention can apply weather radar migrates biological information extract on, realize large scale migrate monitoring with
Research.
In conclusion the above is merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, being not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should be included in of the invention
Within protection scope.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of biological information monitor method of migrating based on weather radar data characterized by comprising
Step 1: extracting biological echo reflection rate data from the echo reflection rate data of weather radar；
Step 2: consideration biology migrates, height distributed area is uneven and distant location radar beam broadens, and obtains from step 1
Biological echo reflection rate data in removal biology shared by radar beam irradiated volume ratio be less than setting ratio part.
2. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that this method further comprises step 3:
The biological echo reflection rate that step 2 is obtained is converted into the biological density that migrates in the air of corresponding region, then counts and moves
Fly the biomass of biology, and its relationship changed over time.
3. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that step 1 is extracted from the echo reflection rate data of weather radar
Biological echo reflection rate data are extracted from weather radar minimum elevations scan data.
4. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 1 are as follows: according to migrate biology in weather radar
Reflectivity is presented and is in the low feature of the relatively meteorological target of certain section, Doppler frequency spectrum width, it is anti-from the echo of weather radar
The part that removal in rate data does not meet the biological characteristic that migrates is penetrated, biological echo reflection rate data is obtained and extracts result.
5. method as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the feature in certain section is according to the biological reflectivity that migrates,
Removal does not meet the implementation of the part for the biological characteristic that migrates are as follows:
The low reflectivity regions that reflectivity is less than 5dBZ are found from echo reflection rate data, are removed as abiotic echo；
It is from echo reflection rate data, the local average reflectivity for the regional area being sized is true greater than the region of 30dBZ
Being set to has cloud sector, carries out Morphological scale-space, and removal has cloud sector and smooth edges.
6. method as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that the carry out Morphological scale-space, removal have cloud sector domain and smooth
It after edge, is further migrated according to biology and shows large range of feature in weather radar, connection area is less than
400km2Region is determined as the local movement region of biology, removes the echo reflection rate data in the local movement region.
7. method as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that according to the Doppler frequency spectrum width lower spy of meteorological target relatively
Sign, removal do not meet the implementation of the part for the biological characteristic that migrates are as follows:
Average frequency spectrum width in setting local area is found in the Doppler frequency spectrum width data of biological echo is greater than setting spectrum
The position of wide 4m/s as too noisy or exists simultaneously the regions of a variety of echoes, removes the echo reflection rate number at the position
According to.
8. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the irradiation body of radar beam shared by removal biology described in step 2
Product ratio is less than the biological echo reflection rate data of setting ratio are as follows:
Step 21, according to migrate biology the height section [h that migratesmin,hmax], calculate corresponding main beam direction angle t1、
t2；
Step 22, using weather radar parameter, calculate the irradiated volume V of radar beamrad；
Step 23, by main beam direction angle t1、t2Substitute into the biological institute packing volume V that migrates for considering biological height of migratingbio
Calculation formula (I), obtain considering biology and migrate the biological institute packing volume V that migrates of heightbio:
Wherein, r0For the distance of radar beam irradiated volume centre distance radar, θ1And φ1Respectively radar antenna is horizontal, vertical
Direction 3dB beam angle, △ r are the distance resolution of radar, and erf is Gauss error function；
Step 24, removal Vbio<0.1VradBiological echo reflection rate data.
9. method according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the step 21 are as follows:
Step a: according to 4/3 earth radius model, the relationship between radar beam irradiation height h and irradiating angle θ is constructed are as follows:
Wherein, ae=4a/3, a are 4/3 earth radius, and r is distance of the known position to be calculated with respect to radar.
Step b: by the lower limit h of biological height of migrating that migratesminWith upper limit hmaxPublic formula (II) is substituted into respectively, calculates different height
Locate the corresponding elevation angle, the difference at the elevation angle is main beam direction angle t when the elevation angle and radar antenna scan1、t2。
10. method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the step 3 includes:
Step 31, for each resolution cell in day radar coverage, the biological echo reflection rate η that step 2 is obtained turn
It is changed to biological reflectivity factor Z；
Step 32, using the corresponding relationship of reflectivity factor and biological space density, calculate biology reflectivity factor Z be corresponding and move
Fly biological density ρb；
Step 33, will migrate biological density ρbWith the radar beam irradiated volume V of same resolution cellradIt is multiplied and adds up, obtain
Total biomass；Utilize known biological average quality ωbio, calculate the total biological quality W for the biology that migrates.
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