CN112526066A - Gas concentration measuring device and method - Google Patents
Gas concentration measuring device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112526066A CN112526066A CN202011310800.5A CN202011310800A CN112526066A CN 112526066 A CN112526066 A CN 112526066A CN 202011310800 A CN202011310800 A CN 202011310800A CN 112526066 A CN112526066 A CN 112526066A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K13/00—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/02—Details
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
- H05B3/54—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes flexible
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
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Abstract
The device comprises a heating wire with temperature resistance characteristics, a temperature detection circuit, a heating power supply, a temperature measurement current source and a control unit, wherein the heating wire is respectively connected with the temperature detection circuit and the heating power supply through wires, the control unit is connected with the temperature detection circuit, the heating power supply and the temperature measurement current source, the heating power supply is used for conducting pulse type electrifying heating on the heating wire, the temperature measurement current source is used for providing temperature measurement current for the heating wire during the electrifying interval of the heating power supply, the temperature detection circuit is used for collecting electric signals representing the temperature of the heating wire from the heating wire when the temperature measurement current source works and feeding the electric signals back to the control unit, and the control unit is used for controlling the temperature of the heating wire according to the output of the electric signals adjusting the heating. The gas concentration measuring device can accurately control the heating of the chip, so that the temperature of the chip is kept constant, the influence of tail gas temperature change on concentration measurement is eliminated, and the measurement precision is obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a gas concentration measuring technology, in particular to a gas concentration measuring device and a gas concentration measuring method.
Background
The fuel engine needs to measure the concentration of oxygen, NOx and the like in tail gas due to the requirements of environmental protection and energy conservation, the currently feasible measurement sensitive device is a chip taking zirconia ceramics as a substrate, and the ceramic chip has wide application as a core element of a high-temperature gas sensor.
Under the high-temperature condition of 500-900 ℃, the zirconia ceramic chip allows oxygen ions to pass through but has good blocking characteristics on electrons and other ions, and a Nernst battery is manufactured according to the characteristics so as to realize the measurement of oxygen or NOx concentration; in order to ensure the measurement accuracy, the chip needs to be kept at a constant temperature, and the temperature of the chip is generally measured by the conventional oxygen sensor by using a method of passively heating tail gas or judging internal resistance of a Nernst battery. CN102798654A discloses a heating control method for a nox sensor, in which a thermocouple is mounted on a nox sensor chip to monitor the temperature of the nox sensor chip. The methods have large temperature control dispersion and are greatly influenced by the temperature change of tail gas, so that the gas concentration measurement precision is low, and the higher emission control requirement cannot be met.
The above background disclosure is only for the purpose of assisting understanding of the inventive concept and technical solutions of the present invention, and does not necessarily belong to the prior art of the present patent application, and should not be used for evaluating the novelty and inventive step of the present application in the case that there is no clear evidence that the above content is disclosed at the filing date of the present patent application.
Disclosure of Invention
The main purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the background art, and to provide a gas concentration measuring device, which can improve the measurement accuracy of the gas concentration.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a gas concentration measuring device comprises a heating wire with temperature resistance characteristics, a temperature detection circuit, a heating power supply, a temperature measurement current source and a control unit, the heating wires are respectively connected with the temperature detection circuit and the heating power supply through leads, the control unit is connected with the temperature detection circuit, the heating power supply and the temperature measurement current source, wherein the heating power supply performs pulse type electrifying heating on the heating wires, the temperature measuring current source provides temperature measuring current for the heating wires during the electrifying intermittence of the heating power supply, the temperature detection circuit collects an electric signal representing the temperature of the heating wire from the heating wire when the temperature measurement current source works and feeds the electric signal back to the control unit, the control unit adjusts the output of the heating power supply according to the electric signal to control the temperature of the heating wire, so that the temperature of the gas concentration measuring device is controlled.
Further:
the heating wire is made of Pt material.
The temperature detection circuit comprises a first operational amplifier circuit and a second operational amplifier circuit, wherein a first end of the heating wire is connected to an in-phase input end of the first operational amplifier circuit through a first wire, a second end of the heating wire is connected to an anti-phase input end and an in-phase input end of the second operational amplifier circuit through a second wire and a third wire respectively, an output end of the second operational amplifier circuit is connected to an anti-phase input end of the first operational amplifier circuit and an output end of the first operational amplifier circuit, and an output end of the first operational amplifier circuit is connected to the control unit.
The heating power supply is connected with the first lead.
The first conductive line, the second conductive line, and the third conductive line are Pt material.
The first operational amplifier circuit comprises a first operational amplifier and a first resistor, a first lead is connected to the in-phase input end of the first operational amplifier through a first resistor, the in-phase input end of the first operational amplifier is grounded through a second resistor, the reverse phase input end of the first operational amplifier is connected to the output end of the second operational amplifier circuit through a third resistor, and the reverse phase input end of the first operational amplifier is further connected to the output end of the first operational amplifier through a fourth resistor.
The first operational amplifier and the first to fourth resistors form a differential circuit, wherein the first resistor and the third resistor have the same resistance value, and the second resistor and the fourth resistor have the same resistance value.
The second operational amplifier circuit comprises a second operational amplifier and fifth to eighth resistors, the second lead is connected to the inverting input end of the second operational amplifier through the fifth resistor, the third lead is connected to the non-inverting input end of the second operational amplifier through the sixth resistor, the non-inverting input end of the second operational amplifier is grounded through the seventh resistor, and the inverting input end of the second operational amplifier is connected to the output end of the second operational amplifier through the eighth resistor.
The second operational amplifier and the fifth to eighth resistors form a differential circuit, wherein the fifth resistor and the sixth resistor have equal resistance values, and the seventh resistor and the eighth resistor have equal resistance values and are equal to 2 times of the resistance values of the fifth resistor and the sixth resistor.
The gas concentration measuring device adopts a ceramic chip.
A gas concentration measuring method uses the gas concentration measuring device to measure the gas concentration.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the gas concentration measuring device can accurately control the heating of the chip, particularly keep the temperature of the chip constant, eliminate the influence of the temperature change of gas (such as engine tail gas) on the concentration measurement, and obviously improve the gas concentration measurement precision.
The invention is provided with a heating power supply and a temperature measurement current source for measuring temperature, if the temperature is measured by the heating current of the heating power supply, the current is large, the circuit which needs to measure the current is large in local heating, the circuit temperature drift is easy to cause, and the heating pulse of the heating current has high requirements on the board arrangement and insulation of the measuring circuit, and the board arrangement is not good when the board area is small. According to the invention, the single temperature measurement current source is arranged, the temperature measurement current is provided for the heating wire during the electrifying interval of the heating power supply, and the temperature detection circuit collects the electric signal representing the temperature of the heating wire from the heating wire when the temperature measurement current source works, so that a circuit for measuring the current can be omitted, and the temperature measurement current of the temperature measurement current source is known and fixed, so that the error caused by measurement sampling is reduced; the working time of the temperature measuring current source, i.e. the temperature measuring time, occurs during the interval of energization of the heating power source, for example, when the temperature is closest to a stable value when the electric coupling interference is minimal after the last heating pulse of the heating power source and before the next heating pulse. Therefore, the invention can realize accurate temperature measurement, and thereby realize accurate chip temperature control, thereby improving the accuracy of the chip for measuring the gas concentration.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a gas concentration measuring apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of temperature regulation using a PWM method.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. It should be emphasized that the following description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention or its application.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or be indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or be indirectly connected to the other element. In addition, the connection may be for either a fixed or coupled or communicating function.
It is to be understood that the terms "length," "width," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in an orientation or positional relationship indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the embodiments of the present invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be in any way limiting of the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically limited otherwise.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a gas concentration measuring apparatus, including a heating wire Rt having a temperature resistance characteristic, a temperature detection circuit, a heating power VT, a temperature measurement current source Is, and a control unit (e.g., MCU), where the heating wire Rt Is connected to the temperature detection circuit, the heating power VT, and the temperature measurement current source Is through leads P1, P2, and P3, respectively, and the control unit Is connected to the temperature detection circuit and the heating power VT, where the heating power VT performs pulse-type energization heating on the heating wire Rt, the temperature measurement current source Is provides a temperature measurement current to the heating wire Rt during an energization interval of the heating power VT, and the temperature detection circuit collects an electrical signal T _ heater representing a temperature of the heating wire Rt from the heating wire Rt and feeds back the electrical signal T _ heater to the control unit when the temperature measurement current source operates, the control unit adjusts the output of the heating power source VT according to the electrical signal T _ heater to control the temperature of the heating wire Rt, so as to realize temperature control of the gas concentration measuring device.
It can be understood that the heating power source for heating by electricity is provided with high voltage (for example, 12V \24V) and large current (for example, several amperes); the temperature measuring current source of the invention provides a smaller current, for example about 100mA, and at the moment, the heating wire has a smaller voltage and a smaller power, so that the temperature measuring current source does not play a role in heating the heating wire when working.
The gas concentration measuring device provided by the embodiment of the invention is provided with a heating power supply, a temperature measuring current source which is independently used for measuring temperature, the temperature measuring current source is controlled to provide temperature measuring current for the heating wire during the electrifying interval of the heating power supply, and the temperature detecting circuit collects an electric signal representing the temperature of the heating wire from the heating wire when the temperature measuring current source works, so that a circuit for measuring the current can be omitted, and the temperature measuring current of the temperature measuring current source is known and fixed, so that the error caused by measurement sampling is reduced; the working time of the temperature measuring current source, i.e. the temperature measuring time, occurs during the interval of energization of the heating power source, for example, when the temperature is closest to a stable value when the electric coupling interference is minimal after the last heating pulse of the heating power source and before the next heating pulse. Therefore, the invention can realize accurate temperature measurement, and realize accurate chip temperature control, especially keep the chip temperature constant, eliminate the influence of gas (such as engine tail gas) temperature change on concentration measurement, and obviously improve the precision of gas concentration measurement.
In a preferred embodiment, the heating wire Rt is a Pt material.
In a preferred embodiment, the temperature detection circuit comprises a first operational amplifier circuit and a second operational amplifier circuit, a first end of the heating wire Rt is connected to a non-inverting input end of the first operational amplifier circuit through a first conducting wire P1, a second end of the heating wire Rt is connected to an inverting input end and a non-inverting input end of the second operational amplifier circuit through a second conducting wire P2 and a third conducting wire P3 respectively, an output end of the second operational amplifier circuit is connected to an inverting input end of the first operational amplifier circuit and an output end of the first operational amplifier circuit, and an output end of the first operational amplifier circuit is connected to the control unit.
In a preferred embodiment, the heating power source VT is connected to the first conductive line P1.
The first, second, and third conductive lines P1, P2, and P3 are Pt material.
As shown in fig. 1, in a more preferred embodiment, the first operational amplifier circuit includes a first operational amplifier U10-a and first to fourth resistors, the first wire P1 is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier U10-a through a first resistor R67, the non-inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier U10-a is connected to ground through a second resistor R74, the inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier U10-a is connected to the output terminal of the second operational amplifier circuit through a third resistor R66, and the inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier U10-a is further connected to the output terminal of the first operational amplifier U10-a through a fourth resistor R75.
In a more preferred embodiment, the first operational amplifier U10-a and the first to fourth resistors form a differential circuit, wherein the first resistor R67 and the third resistor R66 have equal resistance values, and the second resistor R74 and the fourth resistor R75 have equal resistance values.
As shown in fig. 1, in a more preferred embodiment, the second operational amplifier circuit includes a second operational amplifier U10-B and fifth to eighth resistors, the second wire P2 is connected to the inverting input terminal of the second operational amplifier U10-B through a fifth resistor R30, the third wire P3 is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the second operational amplifier U10-B through a sixth resistor R29, the non-inverting input terminal of the second operational amplifier U10-B is grounded through a seventh resistor R65, and the inverting input terminal of the second operational amplifier U10-B is connected to the output terminal of the second operational amplifier U10-B through an eighth resistor R76.
In a more preferred embodiment, the second operational amplifier U10-B and the fifth to eighth resistors form a differential circuit, wherein the fifth resistor R30 and the sixth resistor R29 have equal resistance values, and the seventh resistor R65 and the eighth resistor R76 have equal resistance values and are equal to 2 times of the resistance values of the fifth resistor R30 and the sixth resistor R29.
In a preferred embodiment, the gas concentration measuring device employs a ceramic chip.
In a preferred embodiment, the ceramic chip is a measurement chip for measuring the concentration of NOx gases.
In another embodiment, a gas concentration measuring method uses the gas concentration measuring apparatus to perform gas concentration measurement.
Specific embodiments of the present invention are further described below.
One specific embodiment Is a NOx gas sensitive ceramic chip, which Is provided with a heating wire Rt, a lead, a temperature detection circuit, a heating power supply VT, a temperature measurement current source Is and a control MCU on the ceramic chip. The heater strip and the lead of the ceramic chip are made of Pt materials, and the good temperature resistance characteristic of the Pt materials is utilized to realize the measurement of the temperature of the chip; the temperature measuring circuit changes the resistance of the heating wire into an electric signal capable of representing the temperature of the heating wire and sends the electric signal to the MCU, and the MCU adjusts the amplitude or the width of a heating power supply according to the temperature condition so as to control the temperature and the heating rate of the chip not to exceed a set threshold value, so that the temperature of the chip is kept, and adverse effects of heating on the chip can be avoided; the MCU is responsible for signal measurement and control regulation of all the circuits and outputs finally measured oxygen and NOx concentrations in a required mode.
The heater strip is the Pt material, and resistance is 1 ~ 3 Europe, generates heat when circular telegram, heats chip functional unit to operating temperature, is near 800 degrees generally, and the heater strip also is the temperature measurement piece simultaneously, because of Pt has good temperature resistance characteristic, can adopt Pt to make high accuracy temperature sensor, like Pt100 etc. Pt temperature resistance characteristic is:
Rt＝R25*(1+0.00394*ΔT)；
wherein the resistance of the heating electrode is Rt, R25The resistance of the heating electrode at normal temperature of 25 ℃, wherein delta T is the current temperature minus 25 degrees; and obtaining the current temperature of the chip according to the change of the Rt value.
The resistances of the heating wires P1 and P2 connected with the heating wires are equal, and P3 is a temperature measuring wire.
During temperature measurement, the temperature measurement current source Is injects a known constant current I into the heating leads P1 and P2, the voltage on the heating wires Is Ut, the voltage drop on P2 Is U2, and the voltage between the ends of P1 and P2 Is U, so that the temperature measurement current source Is as follows:
Rt＝Ut/I；
Ut＝U-2*U2；
the temperature measuring circuit is realized by adopting an arithmetic circuit:
operational amplifier U10-BAnd a peripheral resistance R29、R30、R65、R76Form a differential circuit in which R29＝R30、R65＝R76＝2*R29，The gain of the circuit is 2, the voltage signal output by the operational amplifier is equal to the sum of the voltages on the leads P1 and P2, namely 2U2；
Operational amplifier U10-AAnd a peripheral resistance R66、R67、R74、R75Form a differential circuit in which R66＝R67、R74＝R75Then, the voltage signal T _ heater output by the operational amplifier is a (U-2U)2) And A is the circuit gain (═ R)74/R66)；
T _ heater is an electrical signal of the temperature of the heating wire, the change of which follows the temperature characteristic of Pt described above.
The heating power source VT preferably operates in a PWM regulation mode, and as shown in fig. 2, a current Is inputted from a temperature measurement current source Is during a low voltage period of PWM to measure a temperature. When the measured temperature is higher than the target value, the PWM pulse width of the heating power supply VT is narrowed, otherwise, the PWM pulse width of the heating power supply VT is increased, so that the constant temperature control of the chip can be realized.
The background of the present invention may contain background information related to the problem or environment of the present invention and does not necessarily describe the prior art. Accordingly, the inclusion in the background section is not an admission of prior art by the applicant.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific/preferred embodiments and is not intended to limit the practice of the invention to those descriptions. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various substitutions and modifications can be made to the described embodiments without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these substitutions and modifications should be considered to fall within the scope of the invention. In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "preferred embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Various embodiments or examples and features of various embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction. Although embodiments of the present invention and their advantages have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The gas concentration measuring device is characterized by comprising a heating wire with temperature resistance characteristics, a temperature detection circuit, a heating power supply, a temperature measurement current source and a control unit, wherein the heating wire is respectively connected with the temperature detection circuit and the heating power supply through wires, the control unit is connected with the temperature detection circuit, the heating power supply and the temperature measurement current source, the heating power supply carries out pulse type power-on heating on the heating wire, the temperature measurement current source provides temperature measurement current for the heating wire during the power-on interval of the heating power supply, the temperature detection circuit collects electric signals representing the temperature of the heating wire from the heating wire when the temperature measurement current source works and feeds the electric signals back to the control unit, and the control unit controls the temperature of the heating wire according to the output of the heating power supply adjusted by the electric signals, so as to realize the temperature control of the gas concentration measuring device.
2. The gas concentration measurement apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the heating wire is a Pt material.
3. The gas concentration measuring device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the temperature detection circuit comprises a first operational amplifier circuit and a second operational amplifier circuit, a first end of the heating wire is connected to a non-inverting input end of the first operational amplifier circuit through a first lead, a second end of the heating wire is connected to an inverting input end and a non-inverting input end of the second operational amplifier circuit through a second lead and a third lead, an output end of the second operational amplifier circuit is connected to an inverting input end of the first operational amplifier circuit and an output end of the first operational amplifier circuit, and an output end of the first operational amplifier circuit is connected to the control unit; preferably, the first, second and third conductive lines are Pt material.
4. The gas concentration measuring apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the heating power supply is connected to the first wire.
5. The gas concentration measuring device according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the first operational amplifier circuit comprises a first operational amplifier and first to fourth resistors, the first lead is connected to a non-inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier through the first resistor, the non-inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier is grounded through the second resistor, an inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier is connected to an output terminal of the second operational amplifier circuit through the third resistor, and the inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier is further connected to the output terminal of the first operational amplifier through the fourth resistor.
6. The gas concentration measuring apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the first operational amplifier and the first to fourth resistors constitute a differential circuit, wherein the first resistor and the third resistor have equal resistance values, and the second resistor and the fourth resistor have equal resistance values.
7. The gas concentration measuring device according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the second operational amplifier circuit comprises a second operational amplifier and fifth to eighth resistors, the second lead is connected to the inverting input terminal of the second operational amplifier through the fifth resistor, the third lead is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the second operational amplifier through the sixth resistor, the non-inverting input terminal of the second operational amplifier is grounded through the seventh resistor, and the inverting input terminal of the second operational amplifier is connected to the output terminal of the second operational amplifier through the eighth resistor.
8. The gas concentration measuring device according to claim 7, wherein the second operational amplifier and the fifth to eighth resistors constitute a differential circuit, wherein the fifth resistor and the sixth resistor have equal resistance values, and the seventh resistor and the eighth resistor have equal resistance values equal to 2 times of the resistance values of the fifth resistor and the sixth resistor.
9. The gas concentration measurement device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein a ceramic chip is used as the gas concentration measurement device.
10. A gas concentration measurement method characterized by performing gas concentration measurement using the gas concentration measurement apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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| CN113250798A (en) * | 2021-05-14 | 2021-08-13 | 高鑫环保科技(苏州)有限公司 | Nitrogen-oxygen sensor |
| CN113670452A (en) * | 2021-08-18 | 2021-11-19 | 深圳市汇顶科技股份有限公司 | Non-contact temperature measuring device, temperature measuring module therein and electronic equipment |
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| CN112526066B (en) | 2022-09-13 |
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