CN112525707A - Rock dynamic and static true/normal triaxial shear rheological THMC multi-field coupling test method - Google Patents

Rock dynamic and static true/normal triaxial shear rheological THMC multi-field coupling test method Download PDF

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CN112525707A
CN112525707A CN202011191637.5A CN202011191637A CN112525707A CN 112525707 A CN112525707 A CN 112525707A CN 202011191637 A CN202011191637 A CN 202011191637A CN 112525707 A CN112525707 A CN 112525707A
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loading
static
dynamic
gas
axial
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CN112525707B (en
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胡明明
周辉
高阳
卢景景
张传庆
胡大伟
涂洪亮
徐福通
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Wuhan Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics of CAS
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Wuhan Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics of CAS
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    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
    • G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
    • G01N3/12—Pressure testing
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
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    • G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
    • G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
    • G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04—Analysing solids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/14—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object using acoustic emission techniques
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    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/32—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
    • G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
    • G01N2203/0044—Pneumatic means
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    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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    • G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
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    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/0202—Control of the test
    • G01N2203/0208—Specific programs of loading, e.g. incremental loading or pre-loading
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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    • G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
    • G01N2203/0222—Temperature
    • G01N2203/0226—High temperature; Heating means
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    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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    • G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
    • G01N2203/0236—Other environments
    • G01N2203/0242—With circulation of a fluid
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
    • G01N2203/0256—Triaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along three normal axes of the specimen
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
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Abstract

The invention discloses a rock dynamic and static true/normal triaxial shear rheological THMC multi-field coupling test method. The method comprises the following steps: installing a static loading main body structure, and placing a rock sample in the static loading main body structure; step two: installing a static force loading system, a displacement measuring system and a stress measuring system; step three: installing a power loading system and/or a seepage measurement system and/or a temperature test system and/or an ultrasonic test system and/or an acoustic emission test system according to the detection requirement; step four: according to the detection requirement, a static loading main body structure and a displacement measuring system and/or a static loading system and/or a dynamic loading system and/or a stress measuring system are/is started and/or a seepage measuring system and/or a temperature measuring system and/or an ultrasonic testing system and/or an acoustic emission testing system are/is installed, so that a dynamic and static true/normal triaxial shear rheology THMC multi-field coupling test of the sample is realized. The invention has the advantages of multiple functions and wide application.

Description

Rock dynamic and static true/normal triaxial shear rheological THMC multi-field coupling test method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of multi-field coupling test tests of dynamic load, static load, true/normal triaxial, shear, rheology, temperature, seepage, chemistry and the like of rocks, in particular to a THMC multi-field coupling test method for dynamic and static true/normal triaxial shear rheology of rocks.
Background
The rock triaxial test is an important means for researching rock mechanics, and rock triaxial test data is an important parameter of rock mechanics, can relatively and completely simulate the mechanical property of rock and soil in an original ground stress state, and is an important basis for engineering design. With the increasing deep rock engineering in China, the faced engineering geological problems are more and more complex, including the difficult problems of active faults, high ground stress, high ground temperature, high groundwater and the like, so that how to simulate the mechanical test under different environmental conditions in a laboratory is a key scientific problem of rock mechanics.
The existing triaxial compression equipment can mainly realize tests such as uniaxial compression, conventional triaxial compression, true triaxial compression, dynamic impact, rheology and the like, but a multi-field coupling triaxial test testing device and method considering dynamic load, static load, shear, rheology, temperature, seepage, chemistry, ultrasonic waves, acoustic emission and the like at the same time are lacked.
Therefore, there is a need to develop a method for performing high-temperature and high-pressure shear seepage tests, ultrasonic tests, acoustic emission tests and rheological tests, and providing multi-field coupling tests for dynamic load, static load, shear, rheology, temperature, seepage, chemistry and the like of rocks.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rock dynamic and static true triaxial shear rheological THMC multi-field coupling test method, which realizes the multi-field coupling test tests of dynamic load, static load, shear, rheology, temperature, seepage, chemistry and the like of rocks, perfects the functions of the existing rock mechanical test testing technology, meets the increasingly complex mechanical tests of engineering geological conditions, and improves the testing efficiency and precision.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the rock dynamic and static true/normal triaxial shear rheological THMC multi-field coupling test method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
the method comprises the following steps: installing a static loading main body structure, and placing a rock sample in the static loading main body structure;
step two: installing a static force loading system, a displacement measuring system and a stress measuring system;
step three: installing a power loading system and/or a seepage measurement system and/or a temperature test system and/or an ultrasonic test system and/or an acoustic emission test system according to the detection requirement;
step four: according to the detection requirement, a static loading main body structure and a displacement measuring system and/or a static loading system and/or a dynamic loading system and/or a stress measuring system are/is started and/or a seepage measuring system and/or a temperature measuring system and/or an ultrasonic testing system and/or an acoustic emission testing system are/is installed, so that the dynamic and static true/normal triaxial shear rheology THMC multi-field coupling test of the rock sample is realized.
In the above technical solution, the static force loading system, the dynamic force loading system, the stress measurement system, the displacement measurement system, the seepage measurement system, the temperature test system, the ultrasonic test system and the acoustic emission test system are all arranged on the static force loading main structure;
the static loading main structure comprises a confining pressure chamber, a confining pressure chamber base, a confining pressure chamber upper end cover plate, an axial loading static oil cylinder and a horizontal static loading oil cylinder;
the upper end of the confining pressure chamber is provided with a confining pressure chamber upper end cover plate, and the lower end of the confining pressure chamber is provided with a confining pressure chamber base; the axial loading static oil cylinder is arranged above the confining pressure chamber; the horizontal static force loading oil cylinder is arranged on the side wall of the confining pressure chamber;
the static loading system comprises an axial loading rod, an axial static loading oil cylinder oil filling hole, an axial static loading oil cylinder, an axial static unloading oil cylinder oil filling hole, an axial static loading pressure sensor, a horizontal loading rod, a horizontal loading oil cylinder oil filling hole, a horizontal static loading oil cylinder and a horizontal static unloading oil filling hole;
the axial loading rod is connected with the axial static force loading oil cylinder in a sliding manner;
and the horizontal loading rod is in sliding connection with the horizontal static force loading oil cylinder.
In the technical scheme, the dynamic loading system is positioned on the periphery of the static loading main body structure and is connected with the static loading system;
the power loading system comprises a counter-force frame, a horizontal left side loading device, an axial power loading pressure sensor, a horizontal power loading device and a horizontal power loading pressure sensor;
the axial loading rod is connected with the axial dynamic loading device;
the horizontal left loading device and the horizontal power loading device are oppositely positioned on the side wall of the counterforce frame.
In the technical scheme, the stress measuring system comprises a horizontal left side pressure sensor, an axial dynamic loading pressure sensor, an axial static loading pressure sensor, a horizontal static loading pressure sensor and a horizontal dynamic loading pressure sensor;
the horizontal left side pressure sensor is connected with the horizontal left side loading device;
the axial dynamic loading pressure sensor is connected to the axial dynamic loading device;
the horizontal power loading pressure sensor is connected to the horizontal power loading device.
In the technical scheme, the steel cushion block at the left side of the confining pressure chamber and the steel cushion block at the right side of the confining pressure chamber are both positioned on the base of the confining pressure chamber;
a left spring is arranged at the bottom of the steel cushion block at the left side of the confining pressure chamber;
the rock sample is positioned in the confining pressure chamber;
the sample base cushion block is positioned between the rock sample and the confining pressure chamber base;
the cushion block on the left side of the sample is positioned on the cushion block of the sample base;
the cushion block at the upper end of the sample is positioned at the upper end of the side wall of the cushion block at the left side of the sample;
the lower end spring is positioned above the confining pressure chamber base.
In the above technical solution, the displacement measuring system includes a left displacement sensor, a right displacement sensor and an axial displacement sensor;
the left displacement sensor and the right displacement sensor are symmetrically arranged on a base of the confining pressure chamber;
the axial displacement sensor is arranged on the base of the confining pressure chamber.
In the above technical solution, the seepage measurement system includes a gas permeation system and a liquid seepage system;
the gas permeation system comprises a lower end liquid/gas permeation pipeline, an upper end liquid/gas permeation pipeline, an exhaust port stop valve, a gas pressure gauge, a gas flow meter, a gas inlet stop valve, a gas cylinder port stop valve, a gas cylinder switch valve and a nitrogen cylinder;
the liquid seepage system comprises a lower end liquid/gas seepage pipeline, an upper end liquid/gas seepage pipeline, a liquid pressure gauge, a liquid flow meter, an upstream liquid stop valve, a seepage control system, a liquid collecting container and a downstream liquid stop valve;
one end of the lower end liquid/gas seepage pipeline upwards extends out of the cushion block at the upper end of the sample, and the other end of the lower end liquid/gas seepage pipeline is bent by 90 degrees and then extends out of the lower end of the side wall of the base of the confining pressure chamber;
one end of the upper end liquid/gas seepage pipeline extends into the side wall of the sample upper end cushion block and extends out of the inner side wall of the sample upper end cushion block, and the other end of the upper end liquid/gas seepage pipeline is bent by 90 degrees and extends out of the lower end of the side wall of the confining pressure chamber base;
in the gas permeation system, a gas inlet stop valve, a gas pressure gauge, a gas flow meter and a gas bottle opening stop valve are sequentially arranged on a connecting pipeline between the liquid/gas permeation pipeline at the lower end and the nitrogen bottle; a gas cylinder switch valve is arranged on the nitrogen cylinder; a gas flow meter, a gas pressure meter and an exhaust port stop valve are sequentially arranged on a communicating pipeline between the upper end liquid/gas seepage pipeline and the gas collecting device;
in the liquid seepage system, an upstream liquid stop valve, a liquid pressure gauge and a liquid flow meter are sequentially arranged on a connecting pipeline between the lower end liquid/gas seepage pipeline and the seepage control system; a liquid flow meter, a pressure meter and a downstream liquid stop valve are sequentially arranged on a communicating pipeline between the upper end liquid/gas seepage pipeline and the liquid collecting container.
In the technical scheme, the temperature testing system comprises a heating jacket, an emergency stop button, a temperature controller, a temperature reduction setting button, a power switch, a temperature rise setting button, a set temperature display screen and an actual temperature display screen;
the heating sleeve is arranged on the periphery of the confining pressure chamber;
the heating jacket is connected with a temperature controller.
In the technical scheme, the ultrasonic testing system comprises an ultrasonic testing system, an ultrasonic transmitting probe pressure-bearing protection pressure head, an ultrasonic transmitting probe compression spring, an ultrasonic receiving probe pressure-bearing protection pressure head, an ultrasonic receiving probe compression spring and an ultrasonic signal lead;
the upper end of the rock sample is provided with the ultrasonic transmitting probe pressure-bearing protection pressure head, and the lower end of the rock sample is provided with the ultrasonic receiving probe pressure-bearing protection pressure head;
the ultrasonic transmitting probe is arranged on the ultrasonic transmitting probe pressure-bearing protection pressure head through an ultrasonic transmitting probe pressure spring;
the ultrasonic receiving probe is arranged on the ultrasonic receiving probe pressure-bearing protection pressure head through an ultrasonic receiving probe pressure spring;
the ultrasonic transmitting probe and the ultrasonic receiving probe are respectively connected with an ultrasonic testing system through ultrasonic signal wires.
In the above technical scheme, the acoustic emission testing system comprises an acoustic emission probe, an acoustic emission signal wire and an acoustic emission testing system;
the acoustic emission probe is arranged on the side wall of the rock sample;
the acoustic emission probe is connected with the acoustic emission testing system through an acoustic emission signal wire;
the acoustic emission probe has a plurality of.
The THMC multi-field coupling refers to temperature-seepage-stress-chemical (thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical) multi-field coupling.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the invention utilizes a self-balancing loading system (the self-balancing system means that the force which needs to be increased in the test process is balanced by the self structure, and the force in the test does not need to be counteracted by other structures), can realize the conventional triaxial test of the rock, and can realize the true triaxial test of the rock by replacing the corresponding cushion block;
(2) the invention can realize the conventional triaxial and true triaxial dynamic loading tests of the rock by utilizing the dynamic loading device on the counterforce frame;
(3) the invention utilizes the static loading main structure, the static loading system, the dynamic loading system B, the stress measurement system, the seepage measurement system and the temperature test system to realize the temperature-seepage-mechanics-chemistry (THMC) multi-field coupling test and can simultaneously carry out the rock true-normal triaxial test of axial and horizontal dynamic loading;
(4) the invention utilizes the static loading main structure, the static loading system, the dynamic loading system B, the stress measuring system, the seepage measuring system, the temperature testing system and the acoustic emission testing system to realize the temperature-seepage-mechanics-chemistry (THMC) multi-field coupling test and the axial and horizontal dynamic loading test, and simultaneously can carry out the high-temperature and high-pressure acoustic emission test to realize the whole process test of forming, expanding and penetrating the internal microcracks of the rocks in the THMC multi-field coupling test process;
(5) the invention utilizes the static loading main structure, the static loading system, the dynamic loading system B, the stress measuring system, the seepage measuring system, the temperature testing system and the ultrasonic testing system to realize the temperature-seepage-mechanics-chemistry (THMC) multi-field coupling test and the axial and horizontal dynamic loading test, and simultaneously can carry out the high-temperature high-pressure ultrasonic test to realize the ultrasonic testing test of the whole rock cracking process in the THMC multi-field coupling test process;
(6) the invention utilizes the static loading main structure, the static loading system, the dynamic loading system B, the stress measuring system, the displacement measuring system, the seepage measuring system and the temperature testing system to realize the temperature-seepage-mechanics-chemistry (THMC) multi-field coupling test and the axial and horizontal dynamic loading test, and simultaneously can carry out the high-temperature high-pressure shearing seepage test to realize the permeability test of the whole rock breaking process in the THMC multi-field coupling test process;
(7) the invention utilizes the static loading main structure, the static loading system, the stress measuring system, the displacement measuring system, the seepage measuring system and the temperature testing system to realize the temperature-seepage-mechanics-chemistry (THMC) multi-field coupling test and simultaneously can carry out high-temperature and high-pressure rheological test; the change rule of the mechanical property of the rock along with time in the THMC multi-field coupling test process is researched, and the timeliness of the mechanical property of the rock under complex conditions is researched;
(8) the invention utilizes a static loading main structure, a static loading system, a stress measurement system, a displacement measurement system, a seepage measurement system, a temperature test system, an ultrasonic test system and an acoustic emission test system to realize a temperature-seepage-mechanics-chemistry (THMC) multi-field coupling test and an axial and horizontal dynamic loading test, and simultaneously can carry out a high-temperature high-pressure shear seepage test, an ultrasonic test, an acoustic emission test and a rheological test, thereby providing a rock dynamic load, static load, shear, rheology, temperature, seepage, chemistry and other multi-field coupling test technology and a test method;
(9) the invention utilizes the dynamic loading device and the temperature, seepage, ultrasonic and acoustic emission test system to realize the temperature-seepage-mechanics-chemistry (THMC) multi-field coupling test and the axial and horizontal dynamic loading test, and can simultaneously carry out the tests of high-temperature and high-pressure shear seepage test, ultrasonic test, acoustic emission test, rheology and the like, thereby improving the functionality of the equipment;
(10) according to the invention, a left steel cushion block and a right steel cushion block of a confining pressure chamber are arranged on a confining pressure chamber base, a left spring is arranged at the bottom of the left steel cushion block of the confining pressure chamber, a sample base cushion block is arranged between a rock sample and the confining pressure chamber base, the left cushion block of the sample is arranged on the sample base cushion block, the upper cushion block of the sample is arranged at the upper end of the side wall of the left cushion block of the sample, a lower spring is arranged above the confining pressure chamber base, the rock sample is arranged in a space enclosed by the cushion block of the sample base, the confining pressure chamber base, the left cushion block of the sample, the upper cushion block of the sample, the left spring and the lower spring, and in the process of a true triaxial test, the systems such as a static loading main body structure, a static loading system and a dynamic loading system can be; the defect that the height of the side steel plate of the existing true triaxial test is slightly less than the height of a sample, the side of the sample cannot be completely contacted, and the situation that the stress cannot be loaded by a few millimeters reserved at the upper end part and the lower end part, and the detection result is inaccurate is overcome.
The invention integrates the testing functions of multi-field coupling tests such as dynamic rock load, static load, true/normal triaxial, shear, rheology, temperature, seepage and the like, saves cost, has multiple functions and wide application, can realize the temperature-seepage-mechanics-chemistry (THMC) multi-field coupling test and the axial and horizontal dynamic load test, can simultaneously carry out high-temperature and high-pressure shear seepage test, ultrasonic test, acoustic emission test and rheology test, and is a rock mechanics multifunctional multi-field coupling test system which has the advantages of wider use, more functions, simpler and more convenient operation and more accordance with engineering in test mode.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a rock dynamic and static true triaxial shear rheology THMC multi-field coupling test device adopted by the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a temperature testing system according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a gas permeation testing system of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a liquid seepage testing system according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of true triaxial loading according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the arrangement of the confining chamber and the seepage pipe according to the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of rock sample installation in a shear-seepage test according to the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a shear ram of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a first schematic view of an acoustic emission testing system according to the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of an acoustic emission testing system of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an ultrasonic testing system according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1-a horizontal left side pressure sensor, 2-a counterforce frame, 3-a horizontal left side loading device, 4-a confining pressure chamber left side steel cushion block, 5-a confining pressure chamber, 6-an exhaust hole, 7-a confining pressure chamber fastening bolt, 8-an axial loading rod, 9-an axial dynamic loading device, 10-an axial dynamic loading pressure sensor, 11-an axial static loading oil cylinder oil filling hole, 12-an axial static loading oil cylinder, 13-an axial static unloading oil cylinder oil filling hole, 14-a confining pressure chamber upper end cover plate, 15-an axial static loading pressure sensor, 16-a horizontal static loading pressure sensor, 17-a horizontal dynamic loading device, 18-a horizontal dynamic loading pressure sensor, 19-a horizontal loading rod and 20-a horizontal loading oil cylinder oil filling hole, 21-horizontal static force loading oil cylinder, 22-horizontal static force loading oil cylinder fastening bolt, 23-horizontal static force unloading oil filling hole, 24-lower end liquid/gas seepage pipeline, 25-lower end spring, 26-left side spring, 27-upper end liquid/gas seepage pipeline, 28-confining pressure chamber base, 29-sample base cushion block, 30-sample left side cushion block, 31-sample upper end cushion block, 32-right side steel cushion block, 33-sample right side cushion block, 34-rock sample, 35-confining pressure chamber oil filling hole, 36-confining pressure chamber oil discharging hole, 37-upper semicircular rubber pad, 38-lower semicircular rubber pad, 39-sample thermoplastic sleeveTube, 40-sample upper end fastening ring, 41-sample lower end fastening ring, 42-heating jacket, 43-left side displacement sensor, 44-right side displacement sensor, 45-axial displacement sensor, 46-emergency stop button, 47-temperature controller, 48-reduced temperature setting button, 49-power switch, 50-elevated temperature setting button, 51-set temperature display screen, 52-actual temperature display screen, 53-vent stop valve, 54-gas pressure gauge, 55-gas flow meter, 56-gas inlet stop valve, 57-gas cylinder port stop valve, 58-gas cylinder switching valve, 59-nitrogen gas cylinder, 60-liquid pressure gauge, 61-liquid flow meter, 62-upstream liquid stop valve, 63-seepage control system, 64-a liquid collecting container, 65-a downstream liquid stop valve, 66-an acoustic emission probe, 67-an acoustic emission signal lead, 68-an acoustic emission testing system, 69-an ultrasonic testing system, 70-an ultrasonic emission probe, 71-an ultrasonic emission probe pressure-bearing protection pressure head, 72-an ultrasonic emission probe hold-down spring, 73-an ultrasonic receiving probe, 74-an ultrasonic receiving probe pressure-bearing protection pressure head, 75-an ultrasonic receiving probe hold-down spring, 76-an ultrasonic signal lead, an R-static loading main body structure, an A-static loading system, a B-dynamic loading system, a P-stress measuring system, a D-displacement measuring system, an E-seepage measuring system, a P-stress measuring system, a D-displacement measuringQA gas permeation system, EL-a liquid seepage system, an F-temperature testing system, a Q-ultrasonic testing system, an S-acoustic emission testing system.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are not intended to limit the present invention, but are merely exemplary. While the advantages of the invention will be clear and readily understood by the description.
With reference to the accompanying drawings: the rock dynamic and static true/normal triaxial shear rheological THMC multi-field coupling test method includes the following steps,
the method comprises the following steps: installing a static loading main structure R, and placing the rock sample 34 in the static loading main structure R;
step two: installing a static loading system A, a displacement measurement system D and a stress measurement system P;
step three: installing a power loading system B and/or a seepage measurement system E and/or a temperature test system F and/or an ultrasonic test system Q and/or an acoustic emission test system S according to the detection requirement;
step four: according to the detection requirement, the static loading main structure R and the displacement measuring system D and/or the static loading system A and/or the dynamic loading system B and/or the stress measuring system P and/or the installation seepage measuring system E and/or the temperature measuring system F and/or the ultrasonic testing system Q and/or the acoustic emission testing system S are started, and the dynamic-static true/normal triaxial shear rheology THMC multi-field coupling test of the rock sample 34 is realized (such as the figure 1, the figure 2, the figure 3, the figure 4, the figure 5, the figure 6, the figure 7, the figure 8, the figure 9 and the figure 10).
Furthermore, the rock dynamic and static true/normal triaxial shear rheological THMC multi-field coupling test method adopts a rock dynamic and static true/normal triaxial shear rheological THMC multi-field coupling test device which has multiple functions and wide application, can perform high-temperature and high-pressure shear seepage test, ultrasonic test, acoustic emission test and rheological test, and provides multi-field coupling tests of dynamic load, static load, shear, rheology, temperature, seepage, chemistry and the like of the rock; the rock dynamic and static true/normal triaxial shear rheological THMC multi-field coupling test device comprises a static loading main structure R, a static loading system A, a dynamic loading system B, a stress measurement system P, a displacement measurement system D, a seepage measurement system E, a temperature test system F, an ultrasonic test system Q and an acoustic emission test system S; the static loading main structure R comprises a confining pressure chamber 5, a confining pressure chamber base 28, a confining pressure chamber upper end cover plate 14, an axial loading static oil cylinder 12 and a horizontal static loading oil cylinder 21;
the upper end of the confining pressure chamber 5 is provided with a confining pressure chamber upper end cover plate 14, and the lower end is provided with a confining pressure chamber base 28; the axial loading static oil cylinder 12 is arranged above the confining pressure chamber 5; the horizontal static force loading oil cylinder 21 is arranged on the side wall of the confining pressure chamber 5;
the confining pressure chamber upper end cover plate 14 is connected with the confining pressure chamber base 28 through the confining pressure chamber fastening bolt 7; the exhaust hole 6 is arranged on the cover plate 14 at the upper end of the confining pressure chamber; the confining pressure chamber oil filling hole 35 is positioned on the confining pressure chamber upper end cover plate 14, and the confining pressure chamber oil discharging hole 36 is positioned on the confining pressure chamber base 28 (as shown in fig. 1, 3 and 4);
the static force loading system A, the dynamic force loading system B, the stress measuring system P, the displacement measuring system D, the seepage measuring system E, the temperature testing system F, the ultrasonic testing system Q and the acoustic emission testing system S are all arranged on the static force loading main structure R; the invention integrates the testing functions of multi-field coupling tests such as dynamic rock load, static load, true/normal triaxial, shear, rheology, temperature, seepage and the like, saves cost, has multiple functions and wide application, can realize the temperature-seepage-mechanics-chemistry (THMC) multi-field coupling test and the axial and horizontal dynamic loading test, and can simultaneously carry out high-temperature and high-pressure shear seepage test, ultrasonic test, acoustic emission test and rheology test.
Further, the static loading system a comprises an axial loading rod 8, an axial static loading oil cylinder oil filling hole 11, an axial static loading oil cylinder 12, an axial static unloading oil cylinder oil filling hole 13, an axial static loading pressure sensor 15, a horizontal static loading pressure sensor 16, a horizontal loading rod 19, a horizontal loading oil cylinder oil filling hole 20, a horizontal static loading oil cylinder 21 and a horizontal static unloading oil filling hole 23;
the axial loading rod 8 is connected with the axial static loading oil cylinder 12 in a sliding mode in the longitudinal direction, and one end of the axial loading rod extends out of the static loading oil cylinder 12, the confining pressure chamber upper end cover plate 14 and is located in the confining pressure chamber 5 in sequence;
the axial static force loading oil cylinder oil filling hole 11 and the axial static force unloading oil cylinder oil filling hole 13 are respectively positioned on the axial static force loading oil cylinder 12 and are communicated with the axial static force loading oil cylinder 12; the axial static force loading oil cylinder oil filling hole 11 is located at the top end of the axial static force loading oil cylinder 12, and the axial static force unloading oil cylinder oil filling hole 13 is located at the lower end of the side wall of the axial static force loading oil cylinder 12;
the horizontal loading rod 19 is connected with the horizontal static loading oil cylinder 21 in a sliding mode in the transverse direction, and one end of the horizontal loading rod extends out of the horizontal static loading oil cylinder 21 and is located in the confining pressure chamber 5;
the horizontal loading oil cylinder oil filling hole 20 and the horizontal static unloading oil filling hole 23 are respectively positioned on the horizontal static loading oil cylinder 21 and are communicated with the horizontal static loading oil cylinder 21; the horizontal loading cylinder oil filling hole 20 is located at the top end of the horizontal static loading cylinder 21, and the horizontal static unloading oil filling hole 23 is located at the lower end of the side wall of the horizontal static loading cylinder 21 (as shown in fig. 1, 3 and 4); the static loading main structure R and the static loading system A are self-balancing loading systems, conventional triaxial tests of rocks can be realized, and the true triaxial tests of the rocks can be realized by replacing corresponding cushion blocks.
Further, the dynamic loading system B is positioned on the periphery of the static loading main structure R and is connected with the static loading system A;
the power loading system B comprises a counterforce frame 2, a horizontal left side loading device 3, an axial power loading device 9, an axial power loading pressure sensor 10, a horizontal power loading device 17 and a horizontal power loading pressure sensor 18;
the axial power loading device 9 is positioned on the inner wall of the top end of the counterforce frame 2;
the axial loading rod 8 is connected with an axial dynamic loading device 9;
the horizontal left loading device 3 and the horizontal power loading device 17 are oppositely positioned on the inner side wall of the reaction frame 2;
the horizontal left loading device 3 is in contact with the outer side wall of the confining pressure chamber 5;
the horizontal power loading device 17 is connected with a horizontal loading rod 19;
the confining pressure chamber base 28 is positioned on the inner wall of the bottom surface of the counterforce frame 2 (shown in figure 1); the invention can realize the conventional triaxial and true triaxial dynamic loading tests of the rock by utilizing the dynamic loading device on the counterforce frame.
Further, the stress measurement system P comprises a horizontal left pressure sensor 1, an axial dynamic loading pressure sensor 10, an axial static loading pressure sensor 15, a horizontal static loading pressure sensor 16 and a horizontal dynamic loading pressure sensor 18;
the horizontal left pressure sensor 1 is connected with the horizontal left loading device 3 and is positioned between the horizontal left loading device 3 and the outer side wall of the confining pressure chamber 5;
the axial dynamic loading pressure sensor 10 is connected to the axial dynamic loading device 9 and is positioned between the axial loading rod 8 and the axial dynamic loading device 9;
the axial static loading pressure sensor 15 and the horizontal static loading pressure sensor 16 are both positioned in the confining pressure chamber 5, the axial static loading pressure sensor 15 is positioned at the end part of the axial loading rod 8, and the horizontal static loading pressure sensor 16 is positioned at the end part of the horizontal loading rod 19;
the horizontal power loading pressure sensor 18 is connected to the horizontal power loading device 17 and is located between the horizontal power loading device 17 and the horizontal loading rod 19 (as shown in fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4); the stress measurement system P is used for monitoring the stress of the conventional triaxial and true triaxial dynamic loading tests of the rock and feeding back data to the dynamic loading system B, so that parameters in the dynamic loading system B are adjusted.
Further, the steel cushion block 4 on the left side of the confining pressure chamber and the steel cushion block 32 on the right side of the confining pressure chamber are both positioned on the base 28 of the confining pressure chamber and are oppositely positioned on the inner side wall of the confining pressure chamber 5;
a left spring 26 is arranged at the bottom of the steel cushion block 4 at the left side of the confining pressure chamber, and the left spring 26 is positioned in a space enclosed by the steel cushion block 4 at the left side of the confining pressure chamber, a sample base cushion block 29 and a confining pressure chamber base 28;
the rock sample 34 is positioned in the confining pressure chamber 5, on the confining pressure chamber base 28 and between the confining pressure chamber left side steel cushion block 4 and the confining pressure chamber right side steel cushion block 32;
the sample base cushion block 29 is positioned between the rock sample 34 and the confining pressure chamber base 28;
the sample left side cushion block 30 is positioned on the sample base cushion block 29 and is in contact with the inner wall of the confining pressure chamber left side steel cushion block 4;
the sample upper end cushion block 31 is positioned at the upper end of the side wall of the sample left side cushion block 30 and at the upper end of the sample right side cushion block 33;
the lower end spring 25 is positioned above the confining pressure chamber base 28, and the lower end spring 25 is positioned in a space enclosed by the confining pressure chamber base 28, the sample base cushion block 29, the confining pressure chamber right side steel cushion block 32 and the sample right side cushion block 33; the left spring 26 is used for reserving a reserved horizontal deformation space when horizontally compressed, and the lower spring 25 is used for reserving a vertical deformation space when vertically compressed;
the sample base cushion block 29, the sample left side cushion block 30, the sample upper end cushion block 31 and the sample right side cushion block 33 surround the periphery of the rock sample 34 and form a cubic structure;
the axial static loading pressure sensor 15 is positioned on the outer side wall of the cushion block 31 at the upper end of the sample;
the axial loading rod 8 is contacted with a cushion block 31 at the upper end of the sample; the axial static loading pressure sensor 15 is positioned between the axial loading rod 8 and the sample upper end cushion block 31 (shown in figures 1 and 5);
the horizontal static force loading pressure sensor 16 is positioned on the outer side wall of the cushion block 33 on the right side of the sample;
the horizontal loading rod 19 passes through the right steel cushion block 32 of the confining pressure chamber and is contacted with the right cushion block 33 of the sample; the horizontal static loading pressure sensor 16 is positioned between the horizontal loading rod 19 and the right cushion block 33 of the test sample (shown in FIG. 6); the structural stability is ensured, and the test is convenient; the static loading main structure R and the static loading system A are self-balancing loading systems, so that conventional triaxial tests of rocks can be realized, and true triaxial tests of the rocks can be realized by replacing corresponding cushion blocks; the test device can realize a temperature-seepage-mechanics-chemistry (THMC) multi-field coupling test and an axial and horizontal dynamic loading test, and can simultaneously perform a high-temperature high-pressure shear seepage test, an ultrasonic test, an acoustic emission test and a rheological test.
Further, the displacement measuring system D includes a left displacement sensor 43, a right displacement sensor 44 and an axial displacement sensor 45;
the left displacement sensor 43 and the right displacement sensor 44 are symmetrically arranged on the confining pressure chamber base 28 and are positioned on two sides of the sample base cushion block 29;
the axial displacement sensor 45 is mounted on the plenum base 28 and is located outside the right displacement sensor 44 (as shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4); the upper end of the axial displacement sensor 45 is in contact with the inner side wall of the cushion block 31 at the upper end of the sample; and the displacement measurement system D is used for monitoring the displacement conditions of conventional triaxial and true triaxial dynamic loading tests of the rock and feeding back data to the dynamic loading system B so as to adjust parameters in the dynamic loading system B.
Further, the seepage measurement system E comprises a gas permeation system EQAnd fluid seepage systemEL(as shown in fig. 2, 3, 4, 7);
gas permeation System EQComprises a lower end liquid/gas seepage pipeline 24, an upper end liquid/gas seepage pipeline 27, an exhaust port stop valve 53, a gas pressure gauge 54, a gas flow gauge 55, an air inlet stop valve 56, a gas cylinder port stop valve 57, a gas cylinder switch valve 58 and a nitrogen cylinder 59 (shown in figures 3 and 8);
liquid seepage system ELComprises a lower end liquid/gas seepage pipeline 24, an upper end liquid/gas seepage pipeline 27, a liquid pressure gauge 60, a liquid flow gauge 61, an upstream liquid stop valve 62, a seepage control system 63, a liquid collecting container 64 and a downstream liquid stop valve 65 (shown in figures 4 and 8);
one end of the lower end liquid/gas seepage pipeline 24 extends upwards out of the sample upper end cushion block 31, and the other end of the lower end liquid/gas seepage pipeline extends out of the lower end of the side wall of the confining pressure chamber base 28 after being bent by 90 degrees in the confining pressure chamber base 28;
one end of the upper end liquid/gas seepage pipeline 27 extends into the confining pressure chamber 5 from the side wall of the sample upper end cushion block 31 and extends out of the confining pressure chamber 5 from the inner side wall of the sample upper end cushion block 31, and the other end of the upper end liquid/gas seepage pipeline extends out of the confining pressure chamber 5 from the lower end of the side wall of the confining pressure chamber base 28 after being bent by 90 degrees in the confining pressure chamber base 28 (as shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4);
in a gas permeation system EQA connecting pipeline between the lower end liquid/gas seepage pipeline 24 and a nitrogen gas bottle 59 is sequentially provided with an air inlet stop valve 56, a gas pressure gauge 54, a gas flow gauge 55 and a gas bottle opening stop valve 57; a gas cylinder switch valve 58 is arranged on the nitrogen gas cylinder 59; a gas flow meter 55, a gas pressure meter 54 and an exhaust port stop valve 53 (shown in fig. 3) are sequentially arranged on a communication pipeline between the upper end liquid/gas seepage pipeline 27 and the gas collecting device; gas permeation System EQThe device is used for realizing a temperature-gas seepage-mechanics-chemistry (THMC) multi-field coupling test and an axial and horizontal power loading test, and simultaneously can carry out a high-temperature high-pressure shear seepage test to realize the whole process test of the formation, expansion and communication of the internal microcracks of the rock in the THMC multi-field coupling test process;
in a fluid-permeable system ELThe lower end liquid/gas seepage line 24 and seepageAn upstream liquid stop valve 62, a liquid pressure gauge 60 and a liquid flow gauge 61 are sequentially arranged on a connecting pipeline between the control systems 63; a liquid flow meter 61, a pressure meter 60 and a downstream liquid stop valve 65 (shown in fig. 4) are sequentially arranged on a communication pipeline between the upper end liquid/gas seepage pipeline 27 and the liquid collecting container 64; liquid seepage system ELThe test device is used for realizing a temperature-gas seepage-mechanics-chemistry (THMC) multi-field coupling test and an axial and horizontal power loading test, and simultaneously can carry out a high-temperature high-pressure shear seepage test to realize the whole process test of forming, expanding and communicating the internal microcracks of the rock in the THMC multi-field coupling test process.
Further, the temperature testing system F includes a heating jacket 42, an emergency stop button 46, a temperature controller 47, a reduced temperature setting button 48, a power switch 49, an increased temperature setting button 50, a set temperature display screen 51 and an actual temperature display screen 52;
the heating jacket 42 is arranged on the periphery of the confining pressure chamber 5, the confining pressure chamber fastening bolt 7, the axial static loading oil cylinder 12, the confining pressure chamber upper end cover plate 14 and the confining pressure chamber base 28;
the heating jacket 42 is connected with a temperature controller 47; the temperature controller 47 is provided with an emergency stop button 46, a reduced temperature setting button 48, a power switch 49, a raised temperature setting button 50, a set temperature display screen 51 and an actual temperature display screen 52; the confining pressure chamber is heated by the heating sleeve 42 (as shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4), so that a rock sample is heated, a temperature-seepage-mechanics-chemistry (THMC) multi-field coupling test and an axial and horizontal dynamic loading test are realized, a high-temperature high-pressure shearing seepage test can be carried out, and a rock internal microcrack forming, expanding and penetrating whole-process test in the THMC multi-field coupling test process is realized.
Further, the ultrasonic testing system Q comprises an ultrasonic testing system 69, an ultrasonic transmitting probe 70, an ultrasonic transmitting probe pressure-bearing protection pressure head 71, an ultrasonic transmitting probe pressure spring 72, an ultrasonic receiving probe 73, an ultrasonic receiving probe pressure-bearing protection pressure head 74, an ultrasonic receiving probe pressure spring 75 and an ultrasonic signal lead 76;
the upper end of the rock sample 34 is provided with the ultrasonic transmitting probe pressure-bearing protection pressure head 71, and the lower end is provided with the ultrasonic receiving probe pressure-bearing protection pressure head 74;
an ultrasonic emission probe pressing spring 72 is arranged on the ultrasonic emission probe pressure-bearing protection pressure head 71; the pressure-bearing protection pressure head 74 with the ultrasonic receiving probe at the lower end is provided with an ultrasonic receiving probe pressing spring 75;
the ultrasonic emission probe 70 is arranged on the ultrasonic emission probe pressure-bearing protection pressure head 71 through an ultrasonic emission probe pressure spring 72;
the ultrasonic receiving probe 73 is arranged on the ultrasonic receiving probe pressure-bearing protection pressure head 74 through an ultrasonic receiving probe pressure spring 75;
the ultrasonic transmitting probe 70 and the ultrasonic receiving probe 73 are respectively connected with an ultrasonic testing system 69 through an ultrasonic signal lead 76 (shown in FIG. 11); the test method realizes ultrasonic-temperature-seepage-mechanical-chemical (THMC) multi-field coupling test and axial and horizontal dynamic loading test, can simultaneously perform high-temperature high-pressure shear seepage test, ultrasonic test and rheological test, and realizes the whole process test of forming, expanding and communicating rock internal microcracks in the THMC multi-field coupling test process.
Further, the acoustic emission testing system S includes an acoustic emission probe 66, an acoustic emission signal wire 67, and an acoustic emission testing system 68;
the acoustic emission probe 66 is disposed on a side wall of the rock sample 34;
the acoustic emission probe 66 is connected with an acoustic emission testing system 68 through an acoustic emission signal wire 67;
a plurality of acoustic emission probes 66 (shown in fig. 9 and 10); the test method realizes acoustic emission-temperature-seepage-mechanics-chemistry (THMC) multi-field coupling test and axial and horizontal power loading test, can simultaneously perform high-temperature and high-pressure shear seepage test, ultrasonic test, acoustic emission test and rheological test, and realizes the whole process test of forming, expanding and communicating the internal microcracks of the rock in the THMC multi-field coupling test process.
Examples
The invention is described in detail by taking the test applied to a certain rock as an example, and the invention also has a guiding function on the dynamic and static true/normal triaxial shear rheology THMC multi-field coupling test applied to other rocks.
Example 1: conventional triaxial compression test
In this embodiment, a rock sample is subjected to a conventional triaxial compression test, and the specific test operation steps are as follows:
step 1: lifting the confining pressure chamber 5, placing the round rock sample 34 on the sample base cushion block 29, sleeving the sample outside with a sample heat-shrinkable sleeve 39, placing the sample upper end cushion block 31 on the upper part, installing a sample upper end fastening ring 40 and a sample lower end fastening ring 41 on the upper end and the lower end of the sample heat-shrinkable sleeve 39, and then placing the whole on the confining pressure chamber base 28;
step 2: a left displacement sensor 43, a right displacement sensor 44 and an axial displacement sensor 45 are arranged to form a displacement measurement system;
and step 3: sleeving the confining pressure chamber 5 outside a confining pressure chamber base 28, covering an upper end cover plate 15 of the confining pressure chamber, placing an axial static force loading oil cylinder 12, and installing a confining pressure chamber fastening bolt 7;
and 4, step 4: opening the confining pressure chamber exhaust hole 6, filling oil through the confining pressure chamber oil filling hole 35, closing the confining pressure chamber exhaust hole 6 after exhausting air in the confining pressure chamber, and continuing filling oil through the confining pressure chamber oil filling hole 35 to perform confining pressure loading;
and 5: hydraulic oil is injected through the oil filling hole 11 of the axial static loading oil cylinder, so that the axial loading rod 8 moves downwards, and the axial static loading pressure sensor 15 acts on the cushion block 32 at the upper end of the test sample to realize axial static loading;
step 6: and (3) measuring the stress and the displacement by combining the stress measuring system and the displacement measuring system, recording test data, and completing a conventional triaxial compression test (shown in figure 1). The pressure maintaining time is more than 30 days (the specific test time can be freely set according to the requirement), and the conventional triaxial rheological test is completed.
Example 2: true triaxial compression test
In this embodiment, the rock sample is subjected to a true triaxial compression test, and the specific test operation steps are as follows:
step 1: lifting the confining pressure chamber 5, placing a square rock sample 34 on a sample base cushion block 29, respectively placing a sample left side cushion block 30 and a sample right side cushion block 33 on the left side and the right side of the square rock sample 34, placing a confining pressure chamber left side steel cushion block 4 on the left side of the sample left side cushion block 30, simultaneously placing a left side spring 26 at the bottom, placing a lower end spring 25 below the sample right side cushion block 33, and placing a confining pressure chamber right side steel cushion block 32 on the right side of the sample right side cushion block 33;
step 2: a left displacement sensor 43, a right displacement sensor 44 and an axial displacement sensor 45 are arranged to form a displacement measurement system;
and step 3: sleeving the confining pressure chamber 5 outside a confining pressure chamber base 28, covering an upper end cover plate 15 of the confining pressure chamber, placing an axial static force loading oil cylinder 12, and installing a confining pressure chamber fastening bolt 7;
and 4, step 4: the horizontal static loading oil cylinder 21 is arranged on the right side of the confining pressure chamber 5 through a horizontal static loading oil cylinder fastening bolt 22;
and 5: opening the confining pressure chamber exhaust hole 6, filling oil through the confining pressure chamber oil filling hole 35, closing the confining pressure chamber exhaust hole 6 after exhausting air in the confining pressure chamber, and continuing filling oil through the confining pressure chamber oil filling hole 35 to perform confining pressure loading;
step 6: hydraulic oil is injected through the oil filling hole 11 of the axial static loading oil cylinder, so that the axial loading rod 8 moves downwards, and the axial static loading pressure sensor acts on the cushion block 32 at the upper end of the test sample to realize axial static loading;
and 7: hydraulic oil is injected through the oil filling hole 20 of the horizontal loading oil cylinder, so that the horizontal loading rod 19 moves towards the right side, and the horizontal dynamic loading pressure sensor 18 acts on the cushion block 33 on the right side of the test sample to realize transverse static loading;
and 8: and (3) measuring the stress and the displacement by combining the stress measurement system and the displacement measurement system, recording test data, and completing a true triaxial compression test (as shown in figure 1). The pressure maintaining time is more than 30 days (the specific test time can be freely set according to the requirement), and the true triaxial rheological test is completed.
Example 3: true normal triaxial dynamic impact test
In this embodiment, the true/normal triaxial dynamic impact test is performed on a rock sample, and the specific test operation steps are as follows:
step 1: the conventional triaxial dynamic impact test sample installation step refers to steps 1-3 in example 1;
step 2: an axial dynamic loading device 9 acts on an axial loading rod 8 through an axial dynamic loading pressure sensor 10, the dynamic loading force is 0-500 kN, the frequency is 0-10 Hz, the amplitude is 0.5mm, and the conventional triaxial dynamic impact test is realized;
and step 3: the procedure for mounting a true triaxial dynamic impact test specimen refers to the procedures 1 to 5 of example 2;
and 4, step 4: an axial dynamic loading device 9 acts on an axial loading rod 8 through an axial dynamic loading pressure sensor 10, the dynamic loading force is 0-500 kN, the frequency is 0-10 Hz, the amplitude is 0.5mm, and the true triaxial axial dynamic impact test is realized;
and 5: the horizontal power loading device 17 acts on the horizontal loading rod 19 through the horizontal power loading pressure sensor 18, the dynamic loading force is 0-500 kN, the frequency is 0-10 Hz, and the amplitude is 0.5mm, so that a true triaxial horizontal power impact test is realized;
step 6: according to the test requirements, a true triaxial axial dynamic impact test, a true triaxial horizontal dynamic impact test or a true triaxial axial and horizontal dynamic impact test (as shown in fig. 1) are selected.
Example 4: true normal triaxial shear seepage coupling test
In this embodiment, a true/normal triaxial shear seepage coupling test is performed on a rock sample, and the specific test operation steps are as follows:
step 1: the installation steps of the conventional triaxial shear seepage coupling test sample refer to steps 1-3 in example 1, wherein the upper and lower ends of a rock sample 34 are provided with an upper semicircular rubber pad 37 and a lower semicircular rubber pad 38, and the rock sample is connected with a seepage control system 63 or a nitrogen gas bottle 59 through a lower end liquid (gas) seepage pipeline 24 and an upper end liquid (gas) seepage pipeline 27;
step 2: when a gas permeation test is carried out, a gas cylinder switch valve 58 and a gas cylinder opening stop valve 57 are opened, a gas pressure gauge 54 and a gas flow gauge 55 are observed, numerical values of the gas pressure gauge 54 and the gas flow gauge 55 are recorded, the gas inlet stop valve 56 is adjusted to a test target pressure, the gas outlet stop valve 53 is adjusted to observe the gas pressure gauge 54 and the gas flow gauge 55 at an air outlet until the target pressure required by the test, the axial pressure and confining pressure loading process are consistent with the conventional compression test in the embodiment 1, test data of stress, displacement and seepage in the loading process are recorded, and the conventional triaxial shear gas permeation coupling test is completed;
and step 3: when a liquid seepage test is carried out, an upstream liquid stop valve 62 and a downstream liquid stop valve 65 are opened, the seepage pressure and the flow rate are adjusted through a seepage control system 63, numerical values are displayed on a liquid pressure gauge 60 and a liquid flow meter 61, the drained liquid is collected through a liquid collecting container 54, the liquid can be water or other chemical solutions (such as hydrochloric acid solution, sulfuric acid solution, sodium chloride and other salt solutions), the axial pressure and confining pressure loading process is consistent with the conventional compression test in the embodiment 1, the test data of stress, displacement and seepage in the loading process are recorded, and the conventional triaxial shear liquid seepage or chemical corrosion multi-field coupling test is realized; wherein, the chemical corrosion is realized by liquid penetration, and the penetrated liquid is selected from water, acid, alkali and salt solution according to the experimental requirement;
and 4, step 4: the true triaxial shear seepage coupling test, gas permeation and liquid seepage are consistent with steps 2 and 3, and the loading system and the measuring device complete the true triaxial shear gas permeation, liquid seepage or chemical corrosion multi-field coupling test (as shown in fig. 1, 3, 4, 7 and 8) according to example 2.
Example 5: dynamic and static true-normal triaxial multi-field coupling test at different temperatures
In this embodiment, a dynamic and static true/normal triaxial multi-field coupling test is performed on a rock sample at different temperatures, and the specific test operation steps are as follows:
step 1: the conventional triaxial dynamic impact test sample installation step refers to steps 1-3 in example 1;
the procedure for mounting a true triaxial dynamic impact test specimen refers to the procedures 1 to 5 of example 2;
step 2: arranging a heating jacket 42 outside the confining pressure chamber 5, connecting a temperature controller 47 through a lead, turning on the temperature controller 47 through a temperature controller power switch 49, setting temperature rise through a rise temperature setting button 50 and temperature fall through a fall temperature setting button 48, displaying the set temperature on a set temperature display screen 51, and displaying the actual temperature acquired through a temperature sensor on an actual temperature display screen 52;
and step 3: referring to the embodiments 1, 2 and 3, the dynamic and static true triaxial multi-field coupling test at different temperatures is realized (as shown in fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4).
Example 6: acoustic emission test in dynamic and static true-normal triaxial shear rheological THMC multi-field coupling test process
In this embodiment, the acoustic emission test in the dynamic and static true/normal triaxial shear rheology THMC multi-field coupling test process is performed on a rock sample, and the specific test operation steps are as follows:
step 1: arranging 8 acoustic emission probes 66 on two sides of the rock sample 34 respectively, and connecting the acoustic emission probes with an acoustic emission testing system 68 through acoustic emission signal wires 67; controlling the acoustic emission process and acquiring acoustic emission test data via the acoustic emission test system 68;
step 2: referring to examples 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, completing acoustic emission tests in the dynamic-static true triaxial shear rheology THMC multi-field coupling test process (as shown in figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10).
Example 7: ultrasonic testing in dynamic and static true-normal triaxial shear rheological THMC multi-field coupling test process
In this embodiment, the ultrasonic testing in the dynamic and static true/normal triaxial shear rheology THMC multi-field coupling test process is performed on the rock sample, and the specific test operation steps are as follows:
step 1: arranging an ultrasonic emission probe 70 in an ultrasonic emission probe pressure-bearing protection pressure head 71 through an ultrasonic emission probe pressure spring 72, and connecting the ultrasonic emission probe with an ultrasonic testing system 69 through a lead 76;
step 2: an ultrasonic receiving probe 73 is arranged inside an ultrasonic receiving probe pressure-bearing protection pressure head 74 through an ultrasonic receiving probe pressing spring 75 and is connected with an ultrasonic testing system 69 through a lead 76; controlling the ultrasonic testing process and obtaining ultrasonic testing data by the ultrasonic testing system 69;
and step 3: referring to examples 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, ultrasonic testing in the dynamic-static true triaxial shear rheology THMC multi-field coupling test process is completed (as shown in figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11).
The test method can carry out multi-field coupling tests such as a conventional triaxial compression test, a true triaxial compression dynamic impact test, a true triaxial compression shear test, a gas permeation test, a liquid seepage test, a chemical corrosion test, a temperature test, an ultrasonic sound emission test and the like; the invention relates to a multifunctional multi-field coupling test method, which can be used for independently completing any one of examples 1-7 and can also be used for completing multiple groups of tests combined randomly in examples 1-7. The invention can realize multi-field coupling test tests of dynamic load, static load, shear, rheology, temperature, seepage, chemistry and the like of the rock, improve the functions of the existing rock mechanical test testing technology, meet the increasingly complex mechanical test of engineering geological conditions and improve the testing efficiency and precision.
In order to more clearly illustrate the advantages of the rock dynamic and static true/normal triaxial shear rheology THMC multi-field coupling test method compared with the prior art, the two technical schemes are compared by a worker, and the comparison results are as follows:
Figure BDA0002752913310000171
Figure BDA0002752913310000181
as can be seen from the above table, compared with the prior art, the rock dynamic and static true/normal triaxial shear rheological THMC multi-field coupling test method of the invention can be used for performing multi-field acoustic and acoustic coupling tests such as a conventional triaxial compression test, a true triaxial compression dynamic impact test, a true triaxial compression shear test, a gas permeation test, a liquid seepage test, a chemical corrosion test, a temperature test, an ultrasonic emission test and the like.
Other parts not described belong to the prior art.

Claims (10)

1. The rock dynamic and static true/normal triaxial shear rheological THMC multi-field coupling test method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
the method comprises the following steps: installing a static loading main structure (R), and placing a rock sample (34) in the static loading main structure (R);
step two: installing a static loading system (A), a displacement measurement system (D) and a stress measurement system (P);
step three: installing a dynamic loading system (B) and/or a seepage measurement system (E) and/or a temperature test system (F) and/or an ultrasonic test system (Q) and/or an acoustic emission test system (S) according to the detection requirement;
step four: according to the detection requirement, a static loading main body structure (R) and a displacement measuring system (D) and/or a static loading system (A) and/or a dynamic loading system (B) and/or a stress measuring system (P) are/is started, a seepage measuring system (E) and/or a temperature testing system (F) and/or an ultrasonic testing system (Q) and/or an acoustic emission testing system (S) are/is installed, and a dynamic and static true/normal triaxial shear rheology THMC multi-field coupling test of the rock sample (34) is realized.
2. The dynamic-static/normal-triaxial shear rheology THMC multi-field coupling test method for the rock according to claim 1, characterized in that: the static force loading system (A), the dynamic force loading system (B), the stress measurement system (P), the displacement measurement system (D), the seepage measurement system (E), the temperature test system (F), the ultrasonic test system (Q) and the acoustic emission test system (S) are all arranged on the static force loading main body structure (R);
the static loading main structure (R) comprises a confining pressure chamber (5), a confining pressure chamber base (28), a confining pressure chamber upper end cover plate (14), an axial loading static oil cylinder (12) and a horizontal static loading oil cylinder (21);
the upper end of the confining pressure chamber (5) is provided with a confining pressure chamber upper end cover plate (14), and the lower end is provided with a confining pressure chamber base (28); the axial loading static oil cylinder (12) is arranged above the confining pressure chamber (5); the horizontal static force loading oil cylinder (21) is arranged on the side wall of the confining pressure chamber (5);
the static loading system (A) comprises an axial loading rod (8), an axial static loading oil cylinder oil filling hole (11), an axial static loading oil cylinder (12), an axial static unloading oil cylinder oil filling hole (13), an axial static loading pressure sensor (15), a horizontal static loading pressure sensor (16), a horizontal loading rod (19), a horizontal loading oil cylinder oil filling hole (20), a horizontal static loading oil cylinder (21) and a horizontal static unloading oil filling hole (23);
the axial loading rod (8) is connected with the axial static loading oil cylinder (12) in a sliding manner;
the horizontal loading rod (19) is connected with a horizontal static loading oil cylinder (21) in a sliding mode.
3. The dynamic-static/normal-triaxial shear rheology THMC multi-field coupling test method for the rock according to claim 2, characterized in that: the dynamic loading system (B) is positioned at the periphery of the static loading main body structure (R) and is connected with the static loading system (A);
the power loading system (B) comprises a counterforce frame (2), a horizontal left side loading device (3), an axial power loading device (9), an axial power loading pressure sensor (10), a horizontal power loading device (17) and a horizontal power loading pressure sensor (18);
the axial loading rod (8) is connected with an axial dynamic loading device (9);
the horizontal left loading device (3) and the horizontal power loading device (17) are oppositely positioned on the side wall of the reaction frame (2).
4. The dynamic-static/normal-triaxial shear rheology THMC multi-field coupling test method for rock according to claim 3, characterized in that: the stress measurement system (P) comprises a horizontal left side pressure sensor (1), an axial dynamic loading pressure sensor (10), an axial static loading pressure sensor (15), a horizontal static loading pressure sensor (16) and a horizontal dynamic loading pressure sensor (18);
the horizontal left pressure sensor (1) is connected with the horizontal left loading device (3);
the axial dynamic loading pressure sensor (10) is connected to the axial dynamic loading device (9);
the horizontal power loading pressure sensor (18) is connected to the horizontal power loading device (17).
5. The dynamic-static/normal-triaxial shear rheology THMC multi-field coupling test method for the rock according to claim 4, characterized in that: the confining pressure chamber left side steel cushion block (4) and the confining pressure chamber right side steel cushion block (32) are both positioned on the confining pressure chamber base (28);
a left spring (26) is arranged at the bottom of the left steel cushion block (4) of the confining pressure chamber;
the rock sample (34) is positioned in the confining pressure chamber (5);
the sample base cushion block (29) is positioned between the rock sample (34) and the confining pressure chamber base (28);
the left cushion block (30) of the sample is positioned on the cushion block (29) of the sample base;
the sample upper end cushion block (31) is positioned at the upper end of the side wall of the sample left side cushion block (30);
the lower end spring (25) is positioned above the confining pressure chamber base (28).
6. The dynamic-static/normal-triaxial shear rheology THMC multi-field coupling test method for rock according to claim 5, characterized in that: the displacement measurement system (D) comprises a left displacement sensor (43), a right displacement sensor (44) and an axial displacement sensor (45);
the left displacement sensor (43) and the right displacement sensor (44) are symmetrically arranged on a confining pressure chamber base (28);
the axial displacement sensor (45) is arranged on the confining pressure chamber base (28).
7. The device of claim 6 for testing the movement of a rockThe normal triaxial shear rheology THMC multi-field coupling test method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the seepage measurement system (E) comprises a gas permeation system (E)Q) And a fluid seepage system (E)L)；
Gas permeation system (E)Q) Comprises a lower end liquid/gas seepage pipeline (24), an upper end liquid/gas seepage pipeline (27), an exhaust port stop valve (53), a gas pressure gauge (54), a gas flow meter (55), a gas inlet stop valve (56), a gas cylinder port stop valve (57), a gas cylinder switch valve (58) and a nitrogen gas cylinder (59);
liquid seepage system (E)L) Comprises a lower end liquid/gas seepage pipeline (24), an upper end liquid/gas seepage pipeline (27), a liquid pressure gauge (60), a liquid flow meter (61), an upstream liquid stop valve (62), a seepage control system (63), a liquid collecting container (64) and a downstream liquid stop valve (65);
one end of the lower end liquid/gas seepage pipeline (24) extends upwards out of a cushion block (31) at the upper end of the sample, and the other end of the lower end liquid/gas seepage pipeline is bent by 90 degrees and then extends out of the lower end of the side wall of the confining pressure chamber base (28);
one end of the upper end liquid/gas seepage pipeline (27) extends into the side wall of the sample upper end cushion block (31) and extends out of the inner side wall of the sample upper end cushion block (31), and the other end of the upper end liquid/gas seepage pipeline is bent by 90 degrees and extends out of the lower end of the side wall of the confining pressure chamber base (28);
in a gas permeation system (E)Q) A connecting pipeline between the lower end liquid/gas seepage pipeline (24) and the nitrogen cylinder (59) is sequentially provided with an air inlet stop valve (56), a gas pressure gauge (54), a gas flow meter (55) and a gas bottle mouth stop valve (57); a gas cylinder switch valve (58) is arranged on the nitrogen gas cylinder (59); a gas flow meter (55), a gas pressure meter (54) and an exhaust port stop valve (53) are sequentially arranged on a communicating pipeline between the upper end liquid/gas seepage pipeline (27) and the gas collecting device;
in a fluid seepage system (E)L) In the middle, an upstream liquid stop valve (62), a liquid pressure gauge (60) and a liquid flow gauge (61) are sequentially arranged on a connecting pipeline between the lower end liquid/gas seepage pipeline (24) and a seepage control system (63); a liquid flow meter (61) and a pressure meter are sequentially arranged on a communicating pipeline between the upper end liquid/gas seepage pipeline (27) and the liquid collecting container (64)(60) And a downstream liquid shut-off valve (65).
8. The dynamic-static/normal-triaxial shear rheology THMC multi-field coupling test method for rock according to claim 7, characterized in that: the temperature testing system (F) comprises a heating jacket (42), an emergency stop button (46), a temperature controller (47), a temperature reduction setting button (48), a power switch (49), a temperature rise setting button (50), a set temperature display screen (51) and an actual temperature display screen (52);
the heating sleeve (42) is arranged on the periphery of the confining pressure chamber (5); the heating jacket (42) is connected with a temperature control instrument (47).
9. The dynamic-static/normal-triaxial shear rheology THMC multi-field coupling test method for rock according to claim 8, characterized in that: the ultrasonic testing system (Q) comprises an ultrasonic testing system (69), an ultrasonic transmitting probe (70), an ultrasonic transmitting probe pressure-bearing protection pressure head (71), an ultrasonic transmitting probe pressing spring (72), an ultrasonic receiving probe (73), an ultrasonic receiving probe pressure-bearing protection pressure head (74), an ultrasonic receiving probe pressing spring (75) and an ultrasonic signal lead (76);
the upper end of the rock sample (34) is provided with the ultrasonic transmitting probe pressure-bearing protection pressure head (71), and the lower end is provided with the ultrasonic receiving probe pressure-bearing protection pressure head (74); the ultrasonic emission probe (70) is arranged on the ultrasonic emission probe pressure-bearing protection pressure head (71) through an ultrasonic emission probe pressure spring (72); the ultrasonic receiving probe (73) is arranged on the ultrasonic receiving probe pressure-bearing protection pressure head (74) through an ultrasonic receiving probe pressure spring (75); the ultrasonic transmitting probe (70) and the ultrasonic receiving probe (73) are respectively connected with an ultrasonic testing system (69) through an ultrasonic signal lead (76).
10. The dynamic-static/normal-triaxial shear rheology THMC multi-field coupling test method for rock according to claim 9, characterized in that: the acoustic emission testing system (S) comprises an acoustic emission probe (66), an acoustic emission signal wire (67) and an acoustic emission testing system (68);
the acoustic emission probe (66) is arranged on the side wall of the rock sample (34);
the acoustic emission probe (66) is connected with an acoustic emission testing system (68) through an acoustic emission signal wire (67);
the acoustic emission probe (66) is provided in plurality.
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