CN112525328A - PSD-based fiber bragg grating vibration sensor demodulation system and method - Google Patents
PSD-based fiber bragg grating vibration sensor demodulation system and method Download PDFInfo
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- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
- G01H9/004—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors
Abstract
The invention provides a PSD-based fiber grating vibration sensor demodulation system and a PSD-based fiber grating vibration sensor demodulation method, which comprise a fiber grating vibration sensor, a broadband light source, a circulator, a collimator, a one-dimensional PSD, a focusing mirror, a diffraction grating and a processing circuit, wherein the broadband light emitted by the broadband light source enters the fiber grating vibration sensor after passing through the circulator, reflected light output by the grating vibration sensor enters the collimator after passing through the circulator, the light is converted into collimated light and then irradiates the diffraction grating, the light propagation angles of different wavelengths after passing through the diffraction grating are changed, and then the light is irradiated onto the photosensitive surface of the one-dimensional PSD after being focused and adjusted by the focusing mirror, the positions of the light irradiated onto the photosensitive surface of the one-dimensional PSD are different, so that the one-dimensional PSD outputs different current signals, and the processing circuit converts the current signals output by the one-dimensional PSD into voltage signals and performs amplification and filtering. The demodulation system and the demodulation method have the characteristics of high precision and high-speed response, and have wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical fiber sensing, and particularly relates to a PSD (position sensitive detector) -based fiber grating vibration sensor demodulation system and method.
Background
The fiber grating vibration sensor is a new vibration measurement means, and can be used for measuring vibration, impact, pulsating pressure and sound signals. The fiber grating vibration sensor has the characteristics of strong electromagnetic interference resistance, good electromagnetic isolation, explosion-proof nature, long transmission distance, strong environmental adaptability and the like, is very suitable for realizing high-precision measurement in strong current, strong magnetism, ray radiation and extremely high and low temperature environments, and is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, nuclear industry, petrochemical industry, civil construction and the like at present.
The demodulation method of the fiber grating vibration sensor comprises intensity demodulation and wavelength demodulation, wherein the intensity demodulation can realize higher demodulation speed, but is very easily influenced by light intensity fluctuation, optical cable disturbance and parameter drift of optical devices, the measurement precision is not high, and the engineering application of the fiber grating vibration sensor is limited; the wavelength demodulation measurement precision is high, and is not influenced by light intensity fluctuation, but the measurement speed is low, and the measurement speed generally depends on the scanning speed of a scanning laser or the data reading speed of a linear detection array. The wavelength demodulation speed of the IMON series module of the IBSEN company widely applied at present can reach 34KHz at most, and only signals below 10KHz can be collected in engineering, however, the wavelength demodulation speed of the existing product still cannot meet the engineering requirement, and the application occasions of the fiber grating vibration sensor are limited.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the inventor of the invention makes a keen study, and provides a demodulation system and a demodulation method of a fiber grating vibration sensor based on PSD, which can realize high-precision characteristics similar to wavelength demodulation and high-speed response characteristics similar to intensity demodulation, and have good application prospects, thereby completing the invention.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
in a first aspect, a PSD-based fiber grating vibration sensor demodulation system comprises a fiber grating vibration sensor, a broadband light source, a circulator, a collimator, a one-dimensional PSD, a focusing mirror, a diffraction grating and a processing circuit; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the broadband light source is used for emitting broadband light, and the broadband light enters the fiber bragg grating vibration sensor after passing through the circulator;
the fiber grating vibration sensor is subjected to external vibration signals to cause the fiber grating to deform, reflected light is output, and the reflected light enters the collimator after passing through the circulator;
the collimator is used for converting the reflected light into a collimated light and irradiating the collimated light to the diffraction grating;
the diffraction grating is used for changing the propagation angle of the collimated light beam to enable the collimated light beam to irradiate the focusing mirror;
the focusing mirror is used for adjusting light focusing and irradiating the light to a photosensitive surface of the one-dimensional PSD, wherein the positions of the light with different wavelengths irradiating the photosensitive surface of the one-dimensional PSD are different;
the one-dimensional PSD is used for outputting different current signals to light irradiating different positions of the photosurface;
the processing circuit is used for converting the current signal output by the one-dimensional PSD into a voltage signal and carrying out amplification and filtering.
In a second aspect, a PSD-based fiber grating vibration sensor demodulation method includes the following steps:
the broadband light emitted by the broadband light source enters the fiber grating vibration sensor after passing through the circulator, the fiber grating vibration sensor is caused to deform by an external vibration signal, the output reflected light enters the collimator after passing through the circulator, the light beam is converted into collimated light and then irradiates the diffraction grating, light propagation angles of different wavelengths change after passing through the diffraction grating and then irradiates a photosensitive surface of the one-dimensional PSD after being focused and adjusted by the focusing mirror, the light of different wavelengths irradiates different positions on the photosensitive surface of the one-dimensional PSD, so that the one-dimensional PSD outputs different current signals, the current signals output by the one-dimensional PSD are converted into voltage signals by the processing circuit, the voltage signals are amplified and filtered, and finally the vibration signals of the fiber grating vibration sensor are converted into voltage fluctuation signals suitable for a subsequent data acquisition system to sample.
According to the fiber bragg grating vibration sensor demodulation system and method based on the PSD, the fiber bragg grating vibration sensor demodulation system and method based on the PSD have the following beneficial effects:
compared with the prior art, the PSD-based fiber bragg grating vibration sensor demodulation system can realize high-precision characteristic similar to wavelength demodulation and high-speed response characteristic (more than 1 MHz) similar to intensity demodulation, and has great application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a demodulation system of a FBG vibration sensor in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the structural relationship of a demodulation system of a fiber grating vibration sensor in another preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the reference numerals
The device comprises a 1-fiber grating vibration sensor, a 2-broadband light source, a 3-circulator, a 4-collimator, a 5-one-dimensional PSD, a 6-focusing mirror, a 7-diffraction grating, a 71-first diffraction grating, a 72-second diffraction grating and an 8-processing circuit.
Detailed Description
The features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent and appreciated from the following detailed description of the invention.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a PSD-based fiber grating vibration sensor demodulation system, as shown in fig. 1, comprising a fiber grating vibration sensor 1, a broadband light source 2, a circulator 3, a collimator 4, a one-dimensional PSD5, a focusing mirror 6, a diffraction grating 7, and a processing circuit 8; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the broadband light source 2 is used for emitting broadband light, and the broadband light enters the fiber bragg grating vibration sensor 1 after passing through the circulator 3;
the fiber grating vibration sensor 1 is subjected to external vibration signals to cause the fiber grating to deform, reflected light is output, and the reflected light enters the collimator 4 after passing through the circulator 3;
the collimator 4 is used for converting the reflected light into a collimated light and irradiating the collimated light to the diffraction grating 7;
the diffraction grating 7 is used for changing the propagation angle of the collimated light beam to enable the collimated light beam to irradiate the focusing mirror 6;
the focusing mirror 6 is used for adjusting the light focus and irradiating the light to the photosensitive surface of the one-dimensional PSD5, wherein the positions of the light with different wavelengths irradiating the photosensitive surface of the one-dimensional PSD5 are different;
the one-dimensional PSD5 is used for outputting different current signals to light irradiating different positions of the photosurface;
the processing circuit 8 is used for converting the current signal output by the one-dimensional PSD5 into a voltage signal, performing amplification and filtering, and finally converting the vibration signal of the fiber grating vibration sensor 1 into a voltage fluctuation signal suitable for sampling of a subsequent data acquisition system.
In the invention, the output wavelength bandwidth of the broadband light source 2 is 1510-1590 nm.
In the present invention, the fiber grating vibration sensor 1 comprises only one fiber grating sensing element, whose center wavelength is within the bandwidth of the broadband light source 2. Preferably, the fiber grating sensing element in the fiber grating vibration sensor 1 is a bragg fiber grating with a central wavelength in the range of 1510-1590 nm and a reflectivity of more than 90%.
In the invention, the working wavelength ranges of the circulator 3 and the collimator 4 are adapted to the working waveband of the fiber grating vibration sensor 1.
In the present invention, when the fiber grating vibration sensor 1 vibrates, the central wavelength of the fiber grating periodically changes, which is reflected in that light with different wavelengths is irradiated onto the diffraction grating 7, and the diffraction angles of the light with different wavelengths are different after passing through the diffraction grating 7.
The diffraction grating 7 may be a transmission type diffraction grating or a reflection type diffraction grating according to different optical path designs.
The diffraction grating 7 can be diffraction gratings of different orders, the number of the diffraction gratings 7 can be single or multiple, and the use of the diffraction grating 7 of higher order or multiple diffraction gratings can increase the diffraction angle difference between the light beams with different wavelengths and reduce the optical path distance.
In the invention, the focusing mirror 6 can change the direction of the light path and also can adjust the size of the light path to be matched with the size of the photosensitive surface of the one-dimensional PSD 5. The focusing mirror 6 is a concave reflector, preferably a one-dimensional paraboloid, and can also select a spherical surface and other quadric surfaces according to the requirement of an optical path.
In the invention, the one-dimensional PSD5 is a core device of the fiber grating vibration sensing system, after light path conversion, light with different wavelengths irradiates different positions of a photosensitive surface of the one-dimensional PSD5, and then different current signals are generated on a pin of the one-dimensional PSD5 for output. The wavelength sensitive range of the one-dimensional PSD5 needs to cover the working wavelength range of the fiber grating vibration sensor 1, and the length of the photosensitive surface is larger than the change distance of the light spot position of the fiber grating vibration sensor 1 under the maximum measuring range.
In the invention, the collimator 4, the one-dimensional PSD5, the focusing lens 6 and the diffraction grating 7 are arranged in a light-proof sealing structure, so that on one hand, the whole light path is in a light-proof environment to avoid stray light interference, and on the other hand, the light path can be ensured to be stable due to stable atmosphere in the sealing environment.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a PSD-based fiber grating vibration sensor demodulation method, comprising the steps of:
the broadband light emitted by the broadband light source 2 enters the fiber grating vibration sensor 1 after passing through the circulator 3, the fiber grating vibration sensor 1 is deformed by an external vibration signal, the output reflected light enters the collimator 4 after passing through the circulator 3, the light beam is converted into a collimated light beam and then irradiates the diffraction grating 7, the light propagation angles of different wavelengths after passing through the diffraction grating 7 are changed, and then are focused and adjusted by the focusing mirror 6 to irradiate on the photosensitive surface of the one-dimensional PSD5, the positions of the light irradiation of different wavelengths on the photosensitive surface of the one-dimensional PSD5 are different, so that the one-dimensional PSD5 outputs different current signals, the processing circuit 8 converts the current signals output by the one-dimensional PSD5 into voltage signals, and amplifying and filtering are carried out, and finally the vibration signal of the fiber grating vibration sensor 1 is converted into a voltage fluctuation signal suitable for sampling of a subsequent data acquisition system.
Examples
Example 1
As shown in fig. 2, the present embodiment provides a PSD-based fiber grating vibration sensor demodulation system, which includes a fiber grating vibration sensor 1, a broadband light source 2, a circulator 3, a collimator 4, a one-dimensional PSD5, a focusing mirror 6, a diffraction grating 7, and a processing circuit 8. The broadband light emitted by the broadband light source 2 enters the fiber grating vibration sensor 1 after passing through the circulator 3, the fiber grating vibration sensor 1 is deformed by an external vibration signal, the output reflected light enters the collimator 4 after passing through the circulator 3, the light beam is converted into a collimated light beam and then sequentially irradiates the first diffraction grating 71 and the second diffraction grating 72, the light propagation angles of different wavelengths after passing through the two diffraction gratings are changed, and then are focused and adjusted by the focusing mirror 6 to irradiate the photosensitive surface of the one-dimensional PSD5, the positions of the light with different wavelengths irradiating the photosensitive surface of the one-dimensional PSD5 are different, so that the one-dimensional PSD5 outputs different current signals, the processing circuit 8 converts the current signals output by the one-dimensional PSD5 into voltage signals, and amplifying and filtering are carried out, and finally the vibration signal of the fiber grating vibration sensor 1 is converted into a voltage fluctuation signal suitable for sampling of a subsequent data acquisition system.
The fiber grating vibration sensor 1 in this embodiment includes a fiber grating sensor, and the fiber grating sensor includes a bragg fiber grating having a central wavelength within a range of 1510 to 1590nm and a reflectivity of 90% or more.
The output wavelength bandwidth of the broadband light source 2 is 1510-1590 nm, and the working wavelength ranges of the circulator 3 and the collimator 4 can cover the working wavelength bands.
The first diffraction grating 71 and the second diffraction grating 72 select transmission type diffraction gratings.
The focusing mirror 6 is a one-dimensional paraboloid concave reflector, and can widen the light beam to be matched with the photosensitive surface of the one-dimensional PSD5 through the matching of the curvature and the distance of the paraboloid.
The one-dimensional PSD5 is a PSD based on an InGaAs material, the wavelength sensitive range of the PSD can cover 800 nm-1800 nm, the sensitive length is 5mm, the response speed is 1MHz, and the conversion of 1MHz vibration signals can be realized. After light path conversion, the light with different wavelengths irradiates the one-dimensional PSD5 at different positions, and then different current signals are generated on the pin of the one-dimensional PSD5 for output.
The collimator 4, the one-dimensional PSD5, the focusing lens 6, the first diffraction grating 71 and the second diffraction grating 72 are arranged in a light-proof sealing structure, inert protective gas is filled in the light-proof sealing structure, and the water vapor concentration is controlled, so that the whole light path is positioned in a light-proof environment to avoid stray light interference; on the other hand, the stability of the light path can be ensured under the sealed environment.
In the embodiment, the demodulation speed of the PSD-based fiber grating vibration sensor demodulation system reaches more than 1MHz, the high-speed response characteristic similar to strength demodulation can be realized, and the influence of light intensity fluctuation, optical cable disturbance and optical device parameter drift is not easy to occur.
The invention has been described in detail with reference to specific embodiments and illustrative examples, but the description is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various equivalent substitutions, modifications or improvements may be made to the technical solution of the present invention and its embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that those matters not described in detail in the present specification are well known in the art.
Claims (10)
1. A PSD-based fiber grating vibration sensor demodulation system is characterized by comprising a fiber grating vibration sensor (1), a broadband light source (2), a circulator (3), a collimator (4), a one-dimensional PSD (5), a focusing mirror (6), a diffraction grating (7) and a processing circuit (8); wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the broadband light source (2) is used for emitting broadband light, and the broadband light enters the fiber bragg grating vibration sensor (1) after passing through the circulator (3);
the fiber grating vibration sensor (1) is subjected to external vibration signals to cause the deformation of the fiber grating, reflected light is output, and the reflected light enters the collimator (4) after passing through the circulator (3);
the collimator (4) is used for converting the reflected light into collimated light and irradiating the collimated light to the diffraction grating (7);
the diffraction grating (7) is used for changing the propagation angle of the collimated light beam to enable the collimated light beam to irradiate the focusing mirror (6);
the focusing mirror (6) is used for adjusting the light focus and irradiating the light to the photosensitive surface of the one-dimensional PSD (5), wherein the positions of the light with different wavelengths irradiating the photosensitive surface of the one-dimensional PSD (5) are different;
the one-dimensional PSD (5) is used for outputting different current signals to light irradiating different positions of the photosurface;
and the processing circuit (8) is used for converting the current signal output by the one-dimensional PSD (5) into a voltage signal and carrying out amplification and filtering.
2. The fiber grating vibration sensor demodulation system of claim 1, wherein the output wavelength bandwidth of the broadband light source (2) is 1510-1590 nm.
3. The fiber grating vibration sensor demodulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that the fiber grating vibration sensor (1) comprises only one fiber grating sensor element, whose center wavelength is within the bandwidth of the broadband light source (2).
4. The fiber grating vibration sensor demodulation system according to claim 3, wherein the fiber grating sensitive element in the fiber grating vibration sensor (1) is a Bragg fiber grating with a central wavelength in a range of 1510-1590 nm and a reflectivity of more than 90%.
5. The fiber grating vibration sensor demodulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that the working wavelength range of the circulator (3) and the collimator (4) is adapted to the working wavelength band of the fiber grating vibration sensor (1).
6. The fiber grating vibration sensor demodulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that the diffraction grating (7) can be selected from a transmission type diffraction grating or a reflection type diffraction grating; and/or
The diffraction grating (7) can be different diffraction gratings; and/or
The number of the diffraction gratings (7) may be single or plural.
7. The fiber grating vibration sensor demodulation system according to claim 1, wherein the concave surface of the focusing mirror (6) is a one-dimensional paraboloid, a spherical surface or a quadric surface.
8. The fiber grating vibration sensor demodulation system according to claim 1, wherein the wavelength sensitive range of the one-dimensional PSD (5) covers the working wavelength range of the fiber grating vibration sensor (1), and the length of the photosensitive surface is larger than the change distance of the light spot position of the fiber grating vibration sensor (1) at the maximum measurement range.
9. The fiber grating vibration sensor demodulation system of claim 1, wherein the collimator (4), the one-dimensional PSD (5), the focusing mirror (6), and the diffraction grating (7) are mounted in a light-shielding sealing structure.
10. A PSD-based fiber grating vibration sensor demodulation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
broadband light emitted by the broadband light source (2) enters the fiber grating vibration sensor (1) after passing through the circulator (3), the fiber grating vibration sensor (1) is caused to deform by external vibration signals, output reflected light enters the collimator (4) after passing through the circulator (3) to be converted into collimated light and then irradiates the diffraction grating (7), the light propagation angles of different wavelengths after passing through the diffraction grating (7) are changed, and then are focused and adjusted by the focusing mirror (6) and then irradiated onto the photosensitive surface of the one-dimensional PSD (5), the positions of the light irradiated onto the photosensitive surface of the one-dimensional PSD (5) by different wavelengths are different, so that different current signals output by the one-dimensional PSD (5) are different, the current signals output by the one-dimensional PSD (5) are converted into voltage signals by the processing circuit (8), and amplifying and filtering are carried out, and finally the vibration signal of the fiber grating vibration sensor (1) is converted into a voltage fluctuation signal suitable for sampling of a subsequent data acquisition system.
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Application publication date: 20210319 |