CN112524117B - Special-shaped piston multi-punch oil cylinder device and design method thereof - Google Patents
Special-shaped piston multi-punch oil cylinder device and design method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112524117B CN112524117B CN202011451670.7A CN202011451670A CN112524117B CN 112524117 B CN112524117 B CN 112524117B CN 202011451670 A CN202011451670 A CN 202011451670A CN 112524117 B CN112524117 B CN 112524117B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
- F15B15/08—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit
- F15B15/14—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the straight-cylinder type
- F15B15/1423—Component parts; Constructional details
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
- F15B15/08—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit
- F15B15/14—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the straight-cylinder type
- F15B15/1423—Component parts; Constructional details
- F15B15/1447—Pistons; Piston to piston rod assemblies
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
- F15B15/08—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit
- F15B15/14—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the straight-cylinder type
- F15B15/1423—Component parts; Constructional details
- F15B15/1447—Pistons; Piston to piston rod assemblies
- F15B15/1452—Piston sealings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
- F15B15/08—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit
- F15B15/14—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the straight-cylinder type
- F15B15/1423—Component parts; Constructional details
- F15B15/1471—Guiding means other than in the end cap
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2215/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another
- F15B2215/30—Constructional details thereof
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Actuator (AREA)
- Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a special-shaped piston multi-punch oil cylinder device, which comprises: a cylinder; the piston assembly is arranged in the cylinder body, and comprises a special-shaped piston and a piston rod, and a sealing space formed by the piston assembly and the cylinder body is used for bearing the action of oil pressure; the oil valve switching block is arranged at the bottom of the cylinder body and used for transferring the oil port from the bottom of the cylinder body to the side surface of the cylinder body; the sealing ring is arranged at the bottom of the special-shaped piston; the oil cylinder is used for punching, and the holes are one or more special-shaped holes. The special-shaped piston multi-punch oil cylinder device provided by the invention has the advantages that the number of punched holes is large, the shapes of the holes are various, the whole device is simple to install and operate, and the working efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of punching oil cylinder devices in hydraulic forming dies, in particular to a special-shaped piston multi-punch oil cylinder device and a design method thereof.
Background
In the existing hydraulic punching technology, a common punching oil cylinder can only process one in-mold punching by a single oil cylinder mechanism, and although two holes can be punched simultaneously, the difference of the pore sizes and the shapes of the holes cannot be too large, and the number of the holes cannot exceed three at most, otherwise, bad results such as punching pits, easy breakage of punching needles and the like are easy to occur.
The piston structure of the conventional punching oil cylinder is round, and only one piston rod is arranged; this structure has the following disadvantages: firstly, stress centers of a single-piston oil cylinder can only be distributed at the center of a piston rod, and for more than three holes, once the aperture shapes and the size differences of all holes are obvious and the distances among the holes are irregular, in-mold punching cannot be realized, because the stress centers of all the punching holes cannot be concentric with the piston rod of the oil cylinder in the state, once the stress deflection occurs during processing, defects such as punching concave, punching needle twisting off, punching insert damage and the like occur, and the piston rod of the oil cylinder can also generate torsional deformation during severe conditions, so that the oil cylinder is directly scrapped; and secondly, because the piston and the piston rod of the conventional punching oil cylinder are circular, the piston and the piston rod have no anti-rotation function, the whole piston assembly cannot be prevented from rotating after long-term action, if a special-shaped hole is punched, the punching needle can be directly twisted off from the fixed end once the piston rotates.
Moreover, the oil inlet and outlet ports of the conventional punching oil cylinder are mostly positioned on the side surface of the oil cylinder body, so that the oil inlet and outlet ports are convenient to process, but when the whole punching oil cylinder device is installed in a die, the die is required to be hollowed out, enough space is reserved for oil pipe installation, the cost of die manufacturing and processing can be increased due to large-scale hollowed out, the strength of the whole die can be influenced, and the requirement of the hydraulic forming die on the strength is very high. Furthermore, because the oil cylinder is immersed into the die in cooperation with the oil pipe, although the relevant position is hollowed out, when the oil pipe is installed or replaced, the tool is required to be stretched into a narrow space by hands to disassemble the screwed joint, so that the operation is difficult, and the workload is larger.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides the special-shaped piston multi-punch oil cylinder device and the design method thereof, which have the advantages of multiple punching numbers, multiple hole shapes, simple installation and operation of the whole device and improved working efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems of the prior art, the invention provides a special-shaped piston multi-punch oil cylinder device and a design method thereof, which are used for solving the technical problems of single punching quantity of oil cylinders and complex installation operation in the prior art.
To achieve the above and other objects, the present invention provides a multi-punch cylinder device with a special-shaped piston, comprising:
a cylinder;
the piston assembly is arranged in the cylinder body, and comprises a special-shaped piston and a piston rod, and a sealing space formed by the piston assembly and the cylinder body is used for bearing the action of oil pressure;
the oil valve switching block is arranged at the bottom of the cylinder body and used for transferring the oil port from the bottom of the cylinder body to the side surface of the cylinder body;
the sealing ring is arranged at the bottom of the special-shaped piston;
the oil cylinder is used for punching, and the holes are one or more special-shaped holes.
In an embodiment of the invention, the piston rod includes at least two piston rods, and the number of the piston rods is determined according to the number of the stress moment centers of the special-shaped holes in different areas.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the position of the stress moment center of the shaped hole is determined according to the punching force corresponding to the shaped hole and the distance between different shaped holes.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the size and shape of the shaped piston are determined according to the minimum area required by the shaped piston and the number of the shaped holes in the same area, and the shape of the shaped piston includes a circle, an ellipse, a rectangle, a waist shape, and a flower shape.
In one embodiment of the invention, the profiled piston is connected to the piston rod by a connecting piece.
In an embodiment of the present invention, an O-ring is further disposed between the oil valve adapter and the cylinder to ensure good sealing.
In an embodiment of the invention, the special-shaped piston multi-punch cylinder device further includes:
the guide sleeve is arranged on the piston rod and plays a role in guiding and supporting the piston rod;
the dust ring is arranged on the outer side of the guide sleeve;
the locking flange is arranged on the outer side of the dustproof ring.
The invention also provides a design method of the special-shaped piston multi-punch oil cylinder, which comprises the following steps:
calculating the corresponding punching force according to the sizes of different special-shaped holes;
determining stress moment centers corresponding to a plurality of special-shaped holes with similar distances according to punching force and distances among different special-shaped holes;
and calculating the sizes of the related parts of the oil cylinder according to the stress moment center and the punching forces of different special-shaped holes so as to determine the number or the size and the shape of the related parts of the oil cylinder.
In an embodiment of the present invention, calculating the dimensions of the related components of the oil cylinder according to the force moment center and the punching forces of different shaped holes to determine the number or the size and the shape of the related components of the oil cylinder includes the steps of:
determining the number of piston rods according to the number of the stress moment centers;
according to punching forces of different special-shaped holes, calculating to obtain the minimum area required by the special-shaped piston;
based on the minimum area required by the special-shaped piston, the size and shape of the special-shaped piston are determined according to the number of special-shaped holes in the same area.
In an embodiment of the present invention, calculating the size of the related components of the cylinder further includes: and calculating the length of the oil cylinder to determine the specification and the size of the sealing ring.
As described above, the special-shaped piston multi-punch oil cylinder device and the design method thereof provided by the invention have the following effects: the number of punched holes is more, the porous processing is more stable, and the efficiency is higher; the shape and the size of all the holes are not required to be consistent, and can be any shape; the oil cylinder has an anti-rotation function, an anti-rotation mechanism is not required to be additionally arranged, and the structure is simple; the device is simple to install and operate, and the die holder does not need to be hollowed out in a large range for tubing.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a multi-punch cylinder device with a special-shaped piston.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the processing of the hydraulic film inner punch in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of an advance and retreat oil path in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of a piston assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the moment center positions of the inner holes in different areas according to the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6-9 are schematic structural views of a profiled piston in an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic view showing the structure of a perforated in-mold punch assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 11 shows a schematic structural view of the special-shaped piston multi-punch cylinder device in a die.
Fig. 12 shows a flow chart of a design method of a multi-punch cylinder with a special-shaped piston.
Fig. 13 is a schematic flow chart of step S3 in the embodiment of the invention.
Symbol description
1. Cylinder 7a guide sleeve I
2. Piston assembly 7b guide sleeve II
21. Special-shaped piston 8 dust ring
22. Round sealing ring of piston rod 9
3. Locking flange of oil valve adapter block 10
4. Sealing ring 11 a-11 f punching needle group
5a area-12 punch needle fixing assembly
5b region two 13 punching needle adapter
Three 14 oil cylinders in 5c area
6O type sealing ring 15 oil pipe assembly I
7. Guide sleeve 16 oil pipe assembly II
Steps S1 to S3 steps S31 to S33S 3
Detailed Description
Other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, which describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to specific examples. The invention may be practiced or carried out in other embodiments that depart from the specific details, and the details of the present description may be modified or varied from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments merely illustrate the basic concept of the present invention by way of illustration, and only the components related to the present invention are shown in the drawings and are not drawn according to the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation, and the form, number and proportion of the components in actual implementation may be arbitrarily changed, and the layout of the components may be more complicated.
As shown in fig. 1-2, a special-shaped piston multi-punch cylinder device comprises: the cylinder body 1, the piston assembly 2, the oil valve adapter block 3 and the sealing ring 4; wherein, piston assembly 2 sets up inside hydro-cylinder body 1, and piston assembly 2 and the sealed space that cylinder body 1 formed are used for bearing the effect of oil pressure, and oil valve adapter piece 3 sets up in the bottom of cylinder body 1, and oil valve adapter piece 3 is used for shifting the oil crossing to the side of cylinder body 1 from the bottom of cylinder body 1, and sealing washer 4 sets up in the bottom of piston assembly 2 for ensure the leakproofness of hydro-cylinder device. In an embodiment of the invention, the inside punching of the hydraulic film adopts an outside-in punching mode, when the punching operation is carried out, hydraulic oil enters from an oil inlet, when the hydraulic oil is gradually filled at one side of the cylinder body 1, the hydraulic oil pushes the piston assembly 2 upwards, so that the punching needle is pushed upwards to realize punching, when the hydraulic oil is gradually withdrawn from an oil outlet, the hydraulic oil pushes the piston assembly 2 downwards, so that the punching needle is withdrawn from the punching hole, and the piston assembly 2 repeatedly carries out reciprocating motion for a plurality of times according to the process, so that the punching operation is realized.
As shown in fig. 3, in an embodiment of the present invention, an oil inlet and outlet of an oil cylinder is disposed at the bottom of a cylinder body 1 of the oil cylinder, and an oil valve adapter block 3 is further disposed at the bottom of the cylinder body 1 for transferring an oil path port to a side surface of the cylinder body 1; because when the whole oil cylinder device is installed in the mould, the relevant position needs to be hollowed out, so that enough space is reserved for oil pipe installation, but the large-scale hollowed-out can not only increase the manufacturing cost of the mould, but also affect the strength of the whole mould, in addition, because the oil cylinder is matched with the oil pipe to sink into the bottom of the mould, the oil pipe is installed or replaced in spite of the hollowed-out of the relevant position, a tool needs to be stretched into a narrow space, and then the oil pipe joint is removed, so that the workload is also great, and in the embodiment, an oil way port is arranged at the bottom of the cylinder body 1, and an oil valve switching block 3 is arranged to transfer the oil way port to the side surface of the cylinder body 1, so that when the whole oil cylinder device is installed in the mould, the mould is not required to be hollowed out, the strength of the mould is ensured, the manufacturing cost of the mould is saved, and the operation is more convenient when the oil cylinder is replaced in the later stage. In an embodiment of the present invention, an O-ring 6 is further provided between the oil valve adapter block 3 and the cylinder 1 to ensure good sealing.
As shown in fig. 4, further, the piston assembly 2 further includes: a special-shaped piston 21 and a piston rod 22; wherein, piston rod 22 sets up in cylinder body 1, and special-shaped piston 21 sets up in the one end of piston rod 22, and the other end of piston rod 22 can pass in and out cylinder body 1 along with the promotion of special-shaped piston 21. In an embodiment of the invention, a sealing ring 4 is further provided on the profiled piston 21 for ensuring tightness of the device, for example, a rectangular sealing ring is selected. The profiled piston 21 is connected to the piston rod 22 by means of a connecting element, for example a screw. The movement range of the profiled piston 21 is limited by the length of the cylinder 1, and the sealing ring 4 on the profiled piston 21 divides the cylinder 1 into two chambers: the special-shaped piston 21 is pushed under the action of oil pressure when the rodless cavity is filled with hydraulic oil, so that the piston rod 22 is driven to extend out of the cylinder body 1, and the special-shaped piston 21 is pushed back again when the rodless cavity is filled with hydraulic oil, so that the piston rod 22 is driven to retract.
As shown in fig. 5, in an embodiment of the present invention, the oil cylinder device may perform multi-punch punching, that is, a plurality of piston rods 22 may be disposed in the oil cylinder, and the number of piston rods 22 is determined according to the number of stress moment centers of the special-shaped holes in different areas, and the positions of the stress moment centers of the special-shaped holes are determined according to the punching forces corresponding to the special-shaped holes and the distances between the special-shaped holes. When two holes are arranged in the region with similar distances, firstly measuring the distances between the two holes, and then dividing the distances according to the punching force of the two holes in proportion, so as to obtain the stress moment centers of the two holes; when three holes are arranged in the region with similar distance, dividing the three holes into three groups, sequentially obtaining three moment centers according to the two-hole centering method, and fitting the three moment centers into a circle, wherein the center of the circle is the moment center of the three holes; when four holes are arranged in the region with similar distance, firstly taking three holes, firstly obtaining a moment center by adopting the method of taking the center by the three holes, equivalently obtaining the moment center as one hole, and then obtaining the moment center with the rest hole by using a two-hole proportional method, wherein the moment center is the moment center of the four holes. And so on, no matter how many holes are in the similar area, the moment centers of the holes in the area can be obtained by comprehensively using the two-hole and three-hole methods, and then the number of the piston rods 22 can be determined according to the number of the stress moment centers in different areas. For example, three force moment centers are provided in the first area 5a, three piston rods 22 may be provided correspondingly, one force moment center is provided in the second area 5b, one piston rod 22 is provided correspondingly, and two force moment centers are provided in the third area 5c, and two piston rods 22 may be provided correspondingly.
In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 6-9, the size and shape of the shaped piston 21 is determined according to the minimum area required for the shaped piston 21 and the number of shaped holes in the same area. First, the minimum area required for the shaped piston 21 is calculated: the minimum area required by the special-shaped piston 21 is calculated according to the cross-sectional area of the piston rod 22, the force required by punching and the pressure provided by the oil pressure during punching; when the minimum area required for the shaped piston 21 is obtained, the size of the shaped piston 21 cannot be smaller than the minimum area to ensure that the shaped piston 21 can cover the moment center. Secondly, on the premise of not smaller than the minimum area, the shape of the special-shaped piston 21 is determined according to the number of special-shaped holes in the same area, for example, the number of special-shaped holes in the same area is two, the special-shaped piston 21 with an elliptical shape can be selected, the number of special-shaped holes in the same area is five, and the special-shaped piston 21 with a flower shape can be selected. The piston is designed into the special shape, the defect of dispersion of punching force of the traditional round single piston is well avoided, and the designed special-shaped piston 21 structure has an anti-rotation effect without adding an anti-rotation mechanism.
As shown in fig. 1, a special-shaped piston multi-punch cylinder device further includes: the guide sleeve 7, the dustproof ring 8, the round sealing ring 9 and the locking flange 10; wherein, the uide bushing 7 sets up on piston rod 22, and uide bushing 7 plays direction and supporting role to piston rod 22, and dust ring 8 sets up in the outside of uide bushing 7, and circular sealing washer 9 sets up in the outside of dust ring 8, and locking flange 10 sets up in the outside of circular sealing washer 9 for fixed hydro-cylinder device.
As shown in fig. 10, in an embodiment of the present invention, the cylinder device and the punch pin including six different punches are assembled together through the adapter assembly, and the assembled structure mainly includes: the oil valve switching block 3, the punching needle group 11, the punching needle fixing component 12, the punching needle switching block 13 and the oil cylinder 14; the oil valve adapter block 3 is arranged at the bottom of the oil cylinder 14, an oil inlet and outlet port is formed in the oil valve adapter block 3, the oil valve adapter block 3 is used for transferring an oil path port to the side face of the oil cylinder 14, the punching needle adapter block 13 is arranged on the oil cylinder 14, the punching needle group 11 is arranged on the punching needle adapter block 13, and the punching needle group is fixed on the punching needle adapter block 13 through the punching needle fixing assembly 12. When punching is needed, the oil cylinder starts to operate, hydraulic oil enters from the bottom of the oil cylinder 14, the oil valve adapter block 3 transfers the entering hydraulic oil to the side surface of the oil cylinder 14, when the hydraulic oil is gradually filled in one side of the cylinder body 1 of the oil cylinder 14, the oil pressure pushes the piston assembly 2 in the cylinder body 1 upwards, so that the punching needle group 11 is pushed to move upwards to realize punching, when the hydraulic oil is gradually withdrawn from an oil path opening, the oil pressure pushes the piston assembly 2 downwards again, so that the punching needle group 11 withdraws from punching, the process repeatedly makes reciprocating motion for a plurality of times to realize simultaneous punching of a plurality of holes, and the holes are special-shaped holes.
As shown in fig. 11, in an embodiment of the present invention, the special-shaped piston multi-punch cylinder device is installed in a mold, and the assembled structure mainly includes: the oil valve switching block 3, the punching needle group 11, the punching needle switching block 13, the oil cylinder 14, the first oil pipe component 15 and the second oil pipe component 16; the oil valve transfer block 3 is arranged at the bottom of the oil cylinder 14 and used for transferring an oil path port to the side face of the oil cylinder 14, the first oil pipe assembly 15 is arranged on a lower template of the die, the second oil pipe assembly 16 is arranged on one side of the lower die of the die, the punching needle transfer block 13 is arranged on the oil cylinder 14, and the punching needle set 11 is arranged on the punching needle transfer block 13 and used for realizing punching. When in-mold punching is carried out, the oil cylinder 14 is installed in the mold, and as the oil valve adapter block 3 is arranged on the oil cylinder 14, the bottom of the mold is not required to be hollowed out so as to install the first oil pipe component 15 and the second oil pipe component 16, and then a plurality of special-shaped holes are punched simultaneously through the needle punching group 11, so that the strength of the mold is ensured, the later maintenance and replacement of the oil cylinder 14 are facilitated, and the working efficiency is improved.
As shown in fig. 12, the invention further provides a design method of the multi-punch cylinder with the special-shaped piston, which comprises the following steps:
s1, calculating corresponding punching force according to the sizes of different special-shaped holes;
s2, determining stress moment centers of a plurality of special-shaped holes with similar distances according to punching force and distances among different special-shaped holes;
and S3, calculating the sizes of the related parts of the oil cylinder according to the stress moment center and punching forces of different special-shaped holes so as to determine the number or the size and the shape of the related parts of the oil cylinder.
In one embodiment of the present invention, for step S1, the punching force corresponding to the shaped hole is calculated according to formula (1):
F＝ηCtk+p 1 S (1)
wherein F is punching force; η is a coefficient generally 0.65 to 0.8; t is the thickness of the pipe wall, and the unit is mm; k is the shear strength of the material, and the unit is MPa; p is p 1 The unit is MPa for forming pressure; c is the perimeter of the special-shaped hole; s is the area of the special-shaped hole. For example, when the shaped hole is circular and has a diameter d 1 When the punching force of the round hole isWhen the special-shaped hole is hexagonal and the side length is a, the punching force corresponding to the hexagonal hole is +.>
In one embodiment of the present invention, for step S2, when there are two holes in the region of similar distance, the distance between the two holes is measured first, and then the distance is proportional and equal according to formula (2) to obtain the moment center:
wherein F is 1 Punching force for the first hole; f (F) 2 Punching force for the second hole; l is the distance between two holes; l (L) 1 Is the length of the stress moment center of the two holes from the first hole.
When three holes are arranged in the region with similar distance, dividing the three holes into three groups, obtaining three moment centers according to the two-hole proportion method, and fitting the three moment centers into a circle, wherein the center of the circle is the moment center of the three holes; when four holes are arranged in the region with similar distance, firstly taking three holes, firstly obtaining a moment center by adopting the method of taking the center by the three holes, and equivalent the moment center to be one hole, and then obtaining the moment center with the rest hole by using a two-hole proportional method, wherein the moment center is the moment center of the four holes. And the moment centers of a plurality of holes in the area can be obtained by comprehensively using the two-hole and three-hole methods no matter how many holes exist in the similar area.
As shown in fig. 13, further, step S3 includes:
s31, determining the number of piston rods according to the number of the stress moment centers;
s32, calculating to obtain the minimum area required by the special-shaped piston according to punching forces of different special-shaped holes;
s33, determining the size and shape of the special-shaped piston according to the number of the special-shaped holes in the same area based on the minimum area required by the special-shaped piston.
In an embodiment of the present invention, for step S31, the number of the piston rods is determined according to the number of the porous stress moment centers in the different areas obtained in step S2, for example, three stress moment centers in the first area may be correspondingly provided, three piston rods may be correspondingly provided, one stress moment center in the second area may be correspondingly provided, one piston rod may be correspondingly provided, two stress moment centers in the third area may be correspondingly provided, and two piston rods may be correspondingly provided.
In one embodiment of the present invention, for step S32, the minimum area required for the profiled piston is calculated according to equation (3):
wherein F is punching force; s is the cross section area of the piston rod; p is p 2 Pressure provided for oil pressure during punching; a is the minimum area required for the profiled piston. For example, when the piston rod has a circular cross-section and a diameter d 2 When the special-shaped piston is in use, the minimum area required by the special-shaped piston isWhen the cross section of the piston rod is rectangular, and the length of the piston rod is a, and the width of the piston rod is b, the minimum area required by the special-shaped piston is +.>
In an embodiment of the present invention, for step S33, after the minimum area required by the shaped piston is obtained in step S32, the size of the shaped piston cannot be smaller than the minimum area, so as to ensure that the shaped piston can cover the moment center; secondly, on the premise of not smaller than the minimum area, the shape of the special-shaped piston is determined according to the number of special-shaped holes in the same area, for example, the number of the special-shaped holes in the same area is two, the special-shaped piston with an elliptical shape can be selected, the number of the special-shaped holes in the same area is five, and the special-shaped piston with a flower shape can be selected.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the size of the sealing ring may be determined according to the length of the oil cylinder. Further, the length of the cylinder can be calculated according to the formula (4):
L＝S+h 1 +h 2 +h 3 +l 2 +l 3
wherein S is the stroke of the piston; h is a 1 Is the width of the piston; h is a 2 The width of the sealing section at the upper end of the piston rod; h is a 3 The thickness of the bottom end of the oil cylinder; l (L) 2 The maximum length of the piston rod guided in the oil cylinder is set; l (L) 3 The length of the locking flange is the length of the upper end of the oil cylinder.
In summary, the invention provides the special-shaped piston multi-punch oil cylinder device and the design method thereof, which have the advantages of more punching quantity, more stable porous processing and higher efficiency; the shape and the size of all the holes are not required to be consistent, and can be any shape; the oil cylinder has an anti-rotation function, an anti-rotation mechanism is not required to be additionally arranged, and the structure is simple; the device is simple to install and operate, and the die holder does not need to be hollowed out in a large range for tubing. Therefore, the invention effectively overcomes various defects in the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.
The foregoing description is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present application and the technical principles employed, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of the invention in question is not limited to the specific combination of features described above, but encompasses other technical solutions which may be formed by any combination of features described above or their equivalents without departing from the inventive concept, such as the features described above and the features disclosed in the present application (but not limited to) having similar functions being interchanged.
Other technical features besides those described in the specification are known to those skilled in the art, and are not described herein in detail to highlight the innovative features of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The design method of the multi-punch oil cylinder of the special-shaped piston is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
calculating the corresponding punching force according to the sizes of different special-shaped holes;
determining stress moment centers corresponding to the plurality of special-shaped holes with similar distances according to the punching force and the distances between the different special-shaped holes;
determining the number of piston rods according to the number of the stress moment centers, calculating to obtain the minimum area required by the special-shaped piston according to the punching forces of different special-shaped holes, and determining the size and shape of the special-shaped piston according to the minimum area required by the special-shaped piston and the number of the special-shaped holes in the same area;
the special-shaped piston multi-punch oil cylinder device suitable for the design method comprises the following components:
the cylinder body is used for punching, and the holes formed by punching the cylinder body are one or more special-shaped holes;
the piston assembly is arranged in the cylinder body, the piston assembly comprises a special-shaped piston and a piston rod, a sealing space formed by the piston assembly and the cylinder body is used for bearing the action of oil pressure, the number of the piston rods is determined according to the number of stress moment centers of the holes in different areas, and the positions of the stress moment centers of the holes are determined according to the punching force corresponding to the holes and the distance between the holes
The oil valve switching block is arranged at the bottom of the cylinder body and used for transferring the oil port from the bottom of the cylinder body to the side surface of the cylinder body;
the sealing ring is arranged at the bottom of the special-shaped piston;
calculating the sizes of the related parts of the oil cylinder according to the stress moment center and the punching forces of different special-shaped holes so as to determine the number or the size and the shape of the related parts of the oil cylinder, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
according to various coefficients of the oil cylinder, calculating punching force: let F be punching force, eta be coefficient, t be the pipe wall thickness of hydro-cylinder, k be material shear strength, p be forming pressure, C be the girth of dysmorphism hole, S be the area of dysmorphism hole, can obtain computational formula: f=ηctk+ps;
according to the number of the stress moment centers, the number of the piston rods is determined, and the position calculation mode of the stress moment is as follows:
when two holes are in the region with similar distance, firstly measuring the distance between the two holes, and then dividing the distance equally according to a formula to obtain a moment center, wherein F 1 For the punching force of the first hole, F 2 For the punching force of the second hole, l is the distance between the two holes, l 1 The length of the first hole is equal to the length of the stress moment center;
according to the punching forces of different special-shaped holes, calculating the minimum area required by the special-shaped piston, wherein the punching force is F, and the cross section area of the piston rod is S, p 2 For the pressure provided by oil pressure during punching, A is the minimum area required by the special-shaped piston, the minimum area required by the special-shaped piston can be calculated according to the minimum area required by the special-shaped piston, and a calculation formula is as follows
And determining the size and shape of the special-shaped piston according to the number of the special-shaped holes in the same area based on the minimum area required by the special-shaped piston.
2. The method for designing the multi-punch cylinder of the special-shaped piston, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the piston rods comprise at least two, and the number of the piston rods is equal to the number of the stress moment centers of the special-shaped holes in different areas.
3. The method for designing the multi-punch cylinder of the special-shaped piston, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the special-shaped piston is connected with the piston rod through a connecting piece.
4. The method for designing the multi-punch cylinder of the special-shaped piston, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: an O-shaped sealing ring is further arranged between the oil valve adapter block and the cylinder body, so that good sealing performance is ensured.
5. The profiled piston multiple ram cylinder design method of claim 1, further comprising:
the guide sleeve is arranged on the piston rod and plays a role in guiding and supporting the piston rod;
the dust ring is arranged on the outer side of the guide sleeve;
and the locking flange is arranged at the outer side of the dustproof ring.
6. The method of designing a shaped piston multiple ram cylinder of claim 5, wherein calculating the dimensions of the cylinder related components further comprises: calculating the length of the oil cylinder to determine the specification size of the sealing ring, wherein the calculation formula of the length of the oil cylinder is as follows: l=s+h 1 +h 1 +h 2 +h 3 +l 2 +l 3 Wherein S is the stroke of the piston, h 1 For the width of the piston, h 2 The width of the sealing section at the upper end of the piston rod is h 3 Is the thickness of the bottom end of the oil cylinder, l 2 Is the maximum length of the piston rod guided in the oil cylinder, l 3 The length of the locking flange is the length of the upper end of the oil cylinder.
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