CN112522462A

CN112522462A - Blast furnace for smelting iron material

Info

Publication number: CN112522462A
Application number: CN202011226783.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘兰英
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-11-06
Filing date: 2020-11-06
Publication date: 2021-03-19

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of iron making and smelting, and discloses a blast furnace for smelting iron materials, which comprises a furnace wall, wherein a hot air pipeline is fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the inner side of the furnace wall, an air duct pipe is fixedly arranged at the top end of the hot air pipeline, and a circulating water pipe is fixedly arranged at the top end of the air duct pipe. The hot air pipeline is additionally provided with the air supply pipe and the circulating water pipe, high-pressure oxygen flow is conveyed through the air supply pipe to form an air wall, the hot air pipeline is subjected to first separation protection to prevent furnace burden and slag from falling down to thermally corrode the pipe body, then, second cooling protection is carried out through cold water flow in the circulating water pipe to cool high-temperature falling objects so as to ensure that the thermal corrosion degree is greatly reduced, the circulating water pipe and the air cavity pipe are divided into four parts by arranging the water partition plate and the air partition plate, and the heat contained in water flow circulation and the heat emitted by the pipe body are utilized to heat the oxygen flow in a heat conduction mode to heat, so that sprayed hot air gas is added with oxygen, the oxidation reaction of material columns is promoted, and combustion supporting is facilitated.

Description

Blast furnace for smelting iron material

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of iron making and smelting, in particular to a blast furnace for smelting iron materials.

Background

The smelting of iron materials is a process of smelting iron ores into metal iron at high temperature, the main process of the modern smelting of iron materials is carried out in a blast furnace, the blast furnace is a vertical cylindrical furnace body built by refractory materials, the outer part of the furnace body is made of steel plates to form a furnace shell, the inner side of the shell is provided with fireproof wall bricks for reinforcing and sealing to form a furnace wall, the furnace body is sequentially divided into five parts, namely a furnace throat, a furnace body, a furnace waist, a furnace belly and a furnace hearth from top to bottom, wherein an annular hot air pipe is arranged between the furnace belly and the furnace hearth, the tail end of the annular hot air pipe is provided with a hot air nozzle which is cylindrical and is embedded in the furnace wall, the front end of the hot blast nozzle extends into the furnace by about 50CM and is mainly used for providing high-pressure and high-temperature gas for the furnace body, so that a material column in the center of the furnace is subjected to oxidation reduction reaction to promote iron smelting, and hot blast coal gas is an important ring in the smelting process, so that the hot blast nozzle is essential.

The hot blast nozzle is generally composed of a pipe body and a heat-resistant protective material, in the existing smelting process, because the temperature of the environment in the furnace of the hot blast nozzle is about 1500 ℃ or higher, although the outside of the pipe body is blocked by the heat-resistant protective material, the protective material repeatedly bears the malignant damages of high-temperature thermal corrosion of furnace charge and furnace slag and abrasive erosion and the like because of the falling of furnace charge and furnace slag dissolved by a soft melting zone on the upper layer, the protective material is burnt and penetrated for a long time, the high-temperature hot slag touches the pipe body to damage the pipe body, when the pipe body is damaged, high-pressure high-temperature gas in the pipe body flows out from the damaged part and deviates from the original straight-through direction of the pipe body, thereby causing the shunting phenomenon, further causing the reduction of central air flow, the loss and the influence caused by the concentrated oxidation-reduction reaction of material columns, thereby causing the quality reduction of iron material smelting, in addition, if the heat exchange air nozzle needs to be replaced, the furnace needs to be shut down and the air blowing down is needed, the operation is extremely troublesome, and the heat exchange air nozzle is frequently replaced, so that the long-term smelting production of the blast furnace is not facilitated.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the existing blast furnace in the use process in the background technology, the invention provides the blast furnace for smelting the iron material, which has the advantages of double-layer structure protection, capability of preventing furnace burden and furnace slag from falling to corrode a pipe body, low-temperature preheating auxiliary oxygen, capability of enabling coal gas to have a combustion-supporting effect and capability of solving the technical problems in the background technology.

The invention provides the following technical scheme: the utility model provides an iron material smelts and uses blast furnace, includes the brickwork, the inboard bottom fixed mounting of brickwork has hot-blast main, hot-blast main's top fixed mounting has the blast pipe, the top fixed mounting of blast pipe has circulating pipe, the intracavity of circulating pipe is equipped with the water baffle, the intracavity of blast pipe is equipped with the wind baffle, the one end fixedly connected with induced air board of wind baffle, circulating pipe's top fixed mounting has the blast pipe that is located the inside of brickwork, circulating pipe's one end fixed mounting has the working shaft, the one end fixed mounting of blast pipe has the high-pressure pump.

Preferably, the air cavity pipe, the circulating water pipe and the air supply pipe are in a half-arc shape, and the circle center of the air cavity pipe, the circulating water pipe and the air supply pipe is consistent with the circle center of the pipe orifice of the hot air pipeline.

Preferably, the water partition plate and the air partition plate are respectively positioned at one third of the inner cavity of the circulating water pipe and the air cavity pipe.

Preferably, the outer shape of the air inducing plate is semi-arc-shaped, the radian and the arc length of the air inducing plate are the same as those of the air supply pipe, and the inner side of the air inducing plate is arc-shaped.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. according to the invention, the blast pipe and the circulating water pipe are additionally arranged on the hot air pipeline, high-pressure oxygen flow is conveyed through the blast pipe to form the air wall, the hot air pipeline is subjected to first separation protection, furnace burden and slag are prevented from falling into the thermal corrosion pipe body, if some furnace burden and slag can still fall through the air wall, a second cooling protection is carried out through cold water flow in the circulating water pipe, and high-temperature falling objects are cooled, so that the thermal corrosion degree is greatly reduced.

2. The invention uses the air guide plate to recover the high-pressure oxygen flow forming the air wall while carrying out the separation protection by arranging the water partition plate and the air partition plate, divides the circulating water pipe and the air cavity pipe into four parts by the water partition plate and the air partition plate, uses the heat contained in the water flow circulation and the heat emitted by the pipe body to heat the oxygen flow in the oxygen flow recovery process by heat conduction, so as to heat the oxygen flow, and finally sends the oxygen out through the lower end of the pipe orifice of the air cavity pipe, so that the sprayed hot air coal gas is added with oxygen to promote the oxidation reaction of the material column, and is beneficial to supporting combustion and burning coke and raw materials.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic side cross-sectional view of the structure of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of the structure of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. a furnace wall; 2. a hot air duct; 3. a wind cavity tube; 4. a circulating water pipe; 5. a water separator; 6. a wind baffle plate; 7. an air induction plate; 8. an air supply pipe; 9. a water supply pump; 10. a high pressure pump.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1-2, a blast furnace for iron smelting comprises a furnace wall 1, a hot air pipe 2 is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the inner side of the furnace wall 1, an air duct pipe 3 is fixedly installed at the top end of the hot air pipe 2, the air duct pipe 3 is utilized to recycle high-pressure oxygen flow, so that the high-pressure oxygen flow can be recycled and reused, the high-pressure oxygen flow can be heated by heat conduction independently and can generate better oxidation effect and combustion supporting effect when being conveyed into the furnace, a circulating water pipe 4 is fixedly installed at the top end of the air duct pipe 3, the circulating water pipe 4 is utilized to convey the high-pressure oxygen flow, the surface of the high-pressure oxygen flow is kept at low temperature, when furnace burden and slag fall down, if the furnace burden and the slag fall onto the circulating water pipe 4 through the obstruction of the air duct wall, the cold water flow can take away the surface heat of the furnace burden and timely cool the furnace to avoid serious thermal erosion caused by overhigh surface temperature, and further reduce, the inner cavity of the circulating water pipe 4 is internally provided with a water baffle plate 5, the inner cavity of the circulating water pipe 4 forms sub-channel circulation through the water baffle plate 5, the upper layer and the lower layer of the water flow are automatically circulated and flow by utilizing the downward flow trend caused by the gravity of the water flow, the inner cavity of the air cavity pipe 3 is internally provided with an air baffle plate 6, the air cavity pipe 3 is divided into two sub-cavities through the air baffle plate 6, the upper cavity enters high-pressure oxygen flow and is guided to enter the lower cavity, the high-pressure oxygen flow is sequentially subjected to different heat conduction, namely, twice heat conduction heating flow is carried out, the high-pressure oxygen flow is prevented from being directly discharged into the furnace, the oxidation combustion-supporting effect is poor, one end of the air baffle plate 6 is fixedly connected with an air guide plate 7, the high-pressure oxygen flow can be guided and recovered by utilizing the air guide plate 7 to be more effectively used as auxiliary gas to act, an air, a water supply pump 9 is fixedly installed at one end of the circulating water pipe 4, and a high-pressure pump 10 is fixedly installed at one end of the blast pipe 8.

Wherein, the air cavity pipe 3, the circulating water pipe 4 and the blast pipe 8 are all in a half arc shape, the circle center of the air cavity pipe is consistent with the circle center of the pipe orifice of the hot air pipeline 2 and is distributed in a half arc shape, the upper part of the pipe body can be effectively protected, and the damage of the pipe body of the hot air pipeline 2 caused by the falling thermal corrosion of furnace burden and furnace slag on the upper part can be avoided.

Wherein, the positions of the water baffle plate 5 and the air baffle plate 6 are respectively positioned at one third of the inner cavities of the circulating water pipe 4 and the air cavity pipe 3, the inner cavities of the circulating water pipe 4 and the air cavity pipe 3 are divided into four different partial areas by limiting the positions of the water baffle plate 5 and the air baffle plate 6, when cold water flows through the upper end of the inner cavity of the circulating water pipe 4, namely the top end of the water baffle plate 5, the heat of furnace burden and slag can be carried and conducted to the inner cavities, the cold water flows automatically and downwards to the lower cavity of the circulating water pipe 4 through the water baffle plate 5, the water flow in the lower cavity carries a large amount of heat energy, and the cross section of the lower cavity is larger than that of the upper cavity, the flow velocity of the water flow is reduced, when high-pressure oxygen flow is recovered and flows through the upper end of the inner cavity of the air cavity pipe 3, namely the top end of the air baffle plate, the air flow velocity is increased, and the heat content is less than the water flow heat content in the cavity below the circulating water pipe 4, then the heat in the water flow can be conducted to the high-pressure oxygen flow, and the air flow velocity is large, and the transmission effect is better, at this moment, the heat content in the high-pressure oxygen flow is increased, namely, the first heat conduction heating is carried out, when the high-pressure oxygen flow passes through the separation of the air partition plate 6 and flows to the cavity at the lower end, the air flow velocity is reduced because the cross section of the cavity at the lower end is enlarged, and because the hot air pipeline 2 transports high-temperature gas, the surface of the pipe body is heated, the heat content is far higher than that of the high-pressure oxygen flow, because of the heat energy difference, the heat energy contained in the surface of the pipe body of the hot air pipeline 2 can be conducted to the high-pressure oxygen flow, and the secondary heat conduction heating is carried out on the high-pressure oxygen flow, at, the injected hot air coal gas is added with oxygen to promote the oxidation reaction of the material column, and is favorable for supporting combustion and burning coke and raw materials.

Wherein, the exterior shape of the induced draft plate 7 is half arc, and radian and arc length are the same as the blast pipe 8, according to fig. 1, supposing that the height of the mouth of the blast pipe 8 is a, and the distance from the top end of the inner side wall of the induced draft plate 7 to the top end surface of the circulating water pipe 4 is b, when the blast pipe 8 sprays high-pressure oxygen airflow, the height of the airflow is a, and the height of the range that the induced draft plate 7 can introduce the airflow is b, because b is greater than a, the induced draft plate 7 can be almost complete, can introduce all the high-pressure oxygen airflow into the blast chamber pipe 3, and the inner side of the induced draft plate 7 is arc-shaped, according to the coanda effect, the high-pressure oxygen airflow can flow inwards along the inner wall thereof, thereby achieving the effect of drainage and recovery.

The use method (working principle) of the invention is as follows:

firstly, the device is sequentially arranged above a hot air pipeline 2, after the device is arranged, a blast furnace is started to preheat for smelting, after the preheating time is finished, relevant blast furnace smelting equipment is started, then a high-pressure pump 10 and a water supply pump 9 are started, when the blast furnace carries out high-temperature smelting, high-pressure high-temperature gas is continuously conveyed by the hot air pipeline 2, when materials in the blast furnace start to melt, residual furnace burden and furnace slag start to fall down, at the moment, high-pressure oxygen flow conveyed by an air supply pipe 8 forms a blocking air wall above the top end of the hot air pipeline 2 to block the furnace burden and the furnace slag, the high-pressure oxygen flow flows to a front end air guide plate 7 and is curved along the inner side of the air guide plate 7, the high-pressure oxygen flow is introduced into the upper end of an inner cavity of an air cavity pipe 3, and the flow velocity of the high-pressure oxygen flow is accelerated due to the narrow cross section area of the upper end, when the high-pressure oxygen flow flows to the lower end of the inner cavity of the air cavity pipe 3, the high-pressure oxygen flow conducts the surface heat of the attached pipe body again, the low-heat temperature of the high-pressure oxygen flow is output through two times of heat conduction heating, and when smelting is completed, the high-pressure pump 10 and the water supply pump 9 are closed.

It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. The utility model provides an iron material smelts uses blast furnace, includes brickwork (1), its characterized in that: the utility model discloses a stove wall, including stove wall (1), stove wall, inner side bottom fixed mounting have hot-blast main (2), the top fixed mounting of hot-blast main (2) has blast chamber pipe (3), the top fixed mounting of blast chamber pipe (3) has circulating pipe (4), the intracavity of circulating pipe (4) is equipped with water baffle (5), the intracavity of blast chamber pipe (3) is equipped with blast baffle (6), the one end fixedly connected with induced air board (7) of wind baffle (6), the top fixed mounting of circulating pipe (4) has blast pipe (8) that are located the inside of stove wall (1), the one end fixed mounting of circulating pipe (4) has feed pump (9), the one end fixed mounting of blast pipe (8) has high-pressure pump (10).

2. The blast furnace for iron material smelting according to claim 1, characterized in that: the air cavity pipe (3), the circulating water pipe (4) and the air supply pipe (8) are all in a half-arc shape, and the circle centers of the air cavity pipe, the circulating water pipe and the air supply pipe are consistent with the circle center of the pipe orifice of the hot air pipeline (2).

3. The blast furnace for iron material smelting according to claim 1, characterized in that: the positions of the water partition plate (5) and the air partition plate (6) are respectively positioned at one third of the inner cavities of the circulating water pipe (4) and the air cavity pipe (3).

4. The blast furnace for iron material smelting according to claim 1, characterized in that: the outer shape of the air inducing plate (7) is semi-arc-shaped, the radian and the arc length of the air inducing plate are the same as those of the air supply pipe (8), and the inner side of the air inducing plate (7) is arc-shaped.