CN112517024A - Method for regenerating inactivated pirimiphos-methyl Raney nickel catalyst - Google Patents
Method for regenerating inactivated pirimiphos-methyl Raney nickel catalyst Download PDFInfo
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- CN112517024A CN112517024A CN202011415052.7A CN202011415052A CN112517024A CN 112517024 A CN112517024 A CN 112517024A CN 202011415052 A CN202011415052 A CN 202011415052A CN 112517024 A CN112517024 A CN 112517024A
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- 229910000564 Raney nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- -1 inactivated pirimiphos-methyl Raney nickel catalyst Chemical compound 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Raney nickel Chemical class [Al].[Ni] NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 239000007868 Raney catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000005925 Pymetrozine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 54
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- QHMTXANCGGJZRX-WUXMJOGZSA-N pymetrozine Chemical compound C1C(C)=NNC(=O)N1\N=C\C1=CC=CN=C1 QHMTXANCGGJZRX-WUXMJOGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J25/00—Catalysts of the Raney type
- B01J25/04—Regeneration or reactivation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J25/00—Catalysts of the Raney type
- B01J25/02—Raney nickel
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J38/00—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts, in general
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J38/00—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts, in general
- B01J38/02—Heat treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J38/00—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts, in general
- B01J38/04—Gas or vapour treating; Treating by using liquids vaporisable upon contacting spent catalyst
- B01J38/06—Gas or vapour treating; Treating by using liquids vaporisable upon contacting spent catalyst using steam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J38/00—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts, in general
- B01J38/04—Gas or vapour treating; Treating by using liquids vaporisable upon contacting spent catalyst
- B01J38/10—Gas or vapour treating; Treating by using liquids vaporisable upon contacting spent catalyst using elemental hydrogen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J38/00—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts, in general
- B01J38/48—Liquid treating or treating in liquid phase, e.g. dissolved or suspended
- B01J38/50—Liquid treating or treating in liquid phase, e.g. dissolved or suspended using organic liquids
- B01J38/52—Liquid treating or treating in liquid phase, e.g. dissolved or suspended using organic liquids oxygen-containing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J38/00—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts, in general
- B01J38/48—Liquid treating or treating in liquid phase, e.g. dissolved or suspended
- B01J38/64—Liquid treating or treating in liquid phase, e.g. dissolved or suspended using alkaline material; using salts
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for regenerating a pymetrozine inactivated Raney nickel catalyst, which comprises the following steps: mixing the inactivated raney nickel with dimethylformamide to prepare a mixed solution; ultrasonic washing; cooling the pretreated mixed solution to 60 ℃, and removing the liquid by suction filtration to obtain a Raney nickel filter cake; washing with water; mixing the Raney nickel filter cake with clear water to prepare a mixed solution to be treated; alkali washing; alcohol washing; the method is characterized in that the Raney nickel is regenerated by ultrasonic washing, water washing, alkali washing, alcohol washing and hydrogenation activation, the regeneration operation of the deactivated Raney nickel catalyst is simple, the activity of the reactivated catalyst is high, and the method is environment-friendly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of catalyst regeneration, in particular to a method for regenerating a pymetrozine inactivated Raney nickel catalyst.
Background
In the production of the pesticide pymetrozine, the raney nickel hydrogenation has the advantages of high reducibility, good process control and the like; however, in the practical use process, the micropores in the framework are easily blocked by reaction byproducts, such as tar and high-boiling-point substances, and are difficult to clean. The active ingredients are gradually blocked by organic matters formed films, the adhesion to hydrogen is gradually reduced, the reaction time is prolonged, and finally the active ingredients are inactivated.
The inactivated Raney nickel is generally treated as solid waste, and is easy to cause environmental pollution. Moreover, the deactivated raney nickel can slowly release hydrogen in humid air, thereby bringing about hydrogen explosion hidden trouble. The problems of urgent treatment are brought about in both aspects of environmental protection and safety. Enterprises frequently purchase raney nickel newly, and the cost is high for processing the inactivated raney nickel.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for regenerating a pymetrozine inactivated Raney nickel catalyst, aiming at solving the problem that Raney nickel is easy to inactivate in the prior art and the problem that the economic cost of the existing regenerated Raney nickel is high.
A method for regenerating a pymetrozine inactivated Raney nickel catalyst comprises the following steps:
mixing the inactivated raney nickel with dimethylformamide to prepare a mixed solution;
sending the mixed solution to an ultrasonic oil bath, heating to a first preset temperature to perform ultrasonic cleaning to remove the organic macromolecular polymers on the inactivated Raney nickel, and preserving heat for 2 hours to prepare a pretreatment mixed solution;
cooling the pretreated mixed solution to 60 ℃, and removing the liquid by suction filtration to obtain a Raney nickel filter cake;
heating deionized water to 90 ℃ till boiling, mixing the deionized water with the Raney nickel filter cake to wash the Raney nickel filter cake, and repeatedly washing for three times;
mixing the Raney nickel filter cake with clear water to prepare a mixed solution to be treated;
heating the mixed solution to be treated to a second preset temperature, adding a sodium hydroxide solution to prepare raney nickel treated by alkaline water, and preserving heat for 6 hours;
leaching the raney nickel treated by the alkaline water, washing with alcohol by using methanol, and washing with alcohol for multiple times until the water content of the methanol after washing is less than or equal to 0.5%;
and (3) carrying out hydrogenation activation on the alcohol-washed Raney nickel by taking methanol as a solvent to prepare regenerated Raney nickel.
Wherein the first preset temperature is 100-105 ℃.
Wherein in the ultrasonic cleaning process, the ultrasonic wave wavelength is 16mm, and the cleaning time is 0.5h-3 h.
Wherein the second preset temperature is 50-65 ℃.
Wherein, the hydrogenation activation comprises the following steps:
controlling the pH value of the alcohol-washed Raney nickel to be below 9, and adding the alcohol-washed Raney nickel into a hydrogenation reaction kettle;
and controlling the hydrogen pressure to be 6-7 MPa so as to hydrogenate the alcohol-washed Raney nickel.
Wherein the concentration of the sodium hydroxide is 20-32%.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: on the basis of the prior art, a new method for solving the problem of Raney nickel regeneration is provided, the Raney nickel is regenerated after ultrasonic washing, water washing, alkali washing, alcohol washing and hydrogenation activation, the regeneration operation of the inactivated Raney nickel catalyst is simple, the activity of the reactivated catalyst is high, and the method is environment-friendly.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the process steps of a new method of the present invention for solving the problem of Raney nickel regeneration.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships illustrated in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Further, in the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution:
a method for regenerating a pymetrozine inactivated Raney nickel catalyst comprises the following steps:
s101: mixing the inactivated raney nickel with dimethylformamide to prepare a mixed solution;
s102: sending the mixed solution to an ultrasonic oil bath, heating to a first preset temperature to perform ultrasonic cleaning to remove the organic macromolecular polymers on the inactivated Raney nickel, and preserving heat for 2 hours to prepare a pretreatment mixed solution;
s103: cooling the pretreated mixed solution to 60 ℃, and removing the liquid by suction filtration to obtain a Raney nickel filter cake;
s104: heating deionized water to 90 ℃ till boiling, mixing the deionized water with the Raney nickel filter cake to wash the Raney nickel filter cake, and repeatedly washing for three times;
s105: mixing the Raney nickel filter cake with clear water to prepare a mixed solution to be treated;
s106: heating the mixed solution to be treated to a second preset temperature, adding a sodium hydroxide solution to prepare raney nickel treated by alkaline water, and preserving heat for 6 hours;
s107: leaching the raney nickel treated by the alkaline water, washing with alcohol by using methanol, and washing with alcohol for multiple times until the water content of the methanol after washing is less than or equal to 0.5%;
s108: and (3) carrying out hydrogenation activation on the alcohol-washed Raney nickel by taking methanol as a solvent to prepare regenerated Raney nickel.
Further, the first preset temperature is 100-105 ℃.
Furthermore, in the ultrasonic cleaning process, the ultrasonic wave length is 16mm, and the cleaning time is 0.5h-3 h.
Further, the second preset temperature is 50-65 ℃.
Further, the hydrogenation activation comprises the following steps:
controlling the pH value of the alcohol-washed Raney nickel to be below 9, and adding the alcohol-washed Raney nickel into a hydrogenation reaction kettle;
and controlling the hydrogen pressure to be 6-7 MPa so as to hydrogenate the alcohol-washed Raney nickel.
Further, the concentration of the sodium hydroxide is 20-32%.
Further, the prepared raney nickel catalyst is placed in water for subsequent use.
Specific example 1:
mixing the inactivated raney nickel with dimethylformamide to prepare a mixed solution;
sending the mixed solution to an ultrasonic oil bath pot, heating to 100 ℃, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 0.5h by using ultrasonic waves with the wavelength of 16mm, cleaning by using the ultrasonic waves to remove the organic macromolecular polymers on the inactivated Raney nickel, and carrying out heat preservation for 2h to prepare a pretreated mixed solution;
cooling the pretreated mixed solution to 60 ℃, and removing the liquid by suction filtration to obtain a Raney nickel filter cake;
heating deionized water to 90 ℃ till boiling, mixing the deionized water with the Raney nickel filter cake to wash the Raney nickel filter cake, and repeatedly washing for three times;
mixing the Raney nickel filter cake with clear water to prepare a mixed solution to be treated;
heating the mixed solution to be treated to 50 ℃, adding 20% sodium hydroxide solution to prepare raney nickel treated by alkaline water, and keeping the temperature for 6 hours;
leaching the raney nickel treated by the alkaline water, washing with alcohol by using methanol, and washing with alcohol for multiple times until the water content of the methanol after washing is less than or equal to 0.5%;
the Raney nickel after alcohol washing is treated by methanol as a solvent, the pH value of the Raney nickel after alcohol washing is controlled below 9, and the Raney nickel after alcohol washing is added into a hydrogenation reaction kettle;
controlling the hydrogen pressure to be 6MPa, and preparing the regenerated Raney nickel in a hydrogen kettle.
Specific example 2:
mixing the inactivated raney nickel with dimethylformamide to prepare a mixed solution;
sending the mixed solution to an ultrasonic oil bath, heating to 105 ℃, performing ultrasonic treatment for 3 hours by using ultrasonic waves with the wavelength of 16mm, cleaning and removing the organic macromolecular polymers on the inactivated Raney nickel by using the ultrasonic waves, and preserving the heat for 2 hours to prepare a pretreatment mixed solution;
cooling the pretreated mixed solution to 60 ℃, and removing the liquid by suction filtration to obtain a Raney nickel filter cake;
heating deionized water to 90 ℃ till boiling, mixing the deionized water with the Raney nickel filter cake to wash the Raney nickel filter cake, and repeatedly washing for three times;
mixing the Raney nickel filter cake with clear water to prepare a mixed solution to be treated;
heating the mixed solution to be treated to 65 ℃, adding 32% sodium hydroxide solution to prepare raney nickel treated by alkaline water, and keeping the temperature for 6 hours;
leaching the raney nickel treated by the alkaline water, washing with alcohol by using methanol, and washing with alcohol for multiple times until the water content of the methanol after washing is less than or equal to 0.5%;
the Raney nickel after alcohol washing is treated by methanol as a solvent, the pH value of the Raney nickel after alcohol washing is controlled below 9, and the Raney nickel after alcohol washing is added into a hydrogenation reaction kettle;
controlling the hydrogen pressure to be 7MPa, and preparing the regenerated Raney nickel in a hydrogen kettle.
Specific example 3:
mixing the inactivated raney nickel with dimethylformamide to prepare a mixed solution;
sending the mixed solution to an ultrasonic oil bath pot, heating to 103 ℃, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 2h by using ultrasonic waves with the wavelength of 16mm, cleaning by using ultrasonic waves to remove the organic macromolecular polymers on the inactivated Raney nickel, and carrying out heat preservation for 2h to prepare a pre-treated mixed solution;
cooling the pretreated mixed solution to 60 ℃, and removing the liquid by suction filtration to obtain a Raney nickel filter cake;
heating deionized water to 90 ℃ till boiling, mixing the deionized water with the Raney nickel filter cake to wash the Raney nickel filter cake, and repeatedly washing for three times;
mixing the Raney nickel filter cake with clear water to prepare a mixed solution to be treated;
heating the mixed solution to be treated to 60 ℃, adding 26% sodium hydroxide solution to prepare raney nickel treated by alkaline water, and keeping the temperature for 6 hours;
leaching the raney nickel treated by the alkaline water, washing with alcohol by using methanol, and washing with alcohol for multiple times until the water content of the methanol after washing is less than or equal to 0.5%;
the Raney nickel after alcohol washing is treated by methanol as a solvent, the pH value of the Raney nickel after alcohol washing is controlled below 9, and the Raney nickel after alcohol washing is added into a hydrogenation reaction kettle;
controlling the hydrogen pressure to be 6.5MPa, and preparing the regenerated Raney nickel in a hydrogen kettle.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A method for regenerating a pymetrozine inactivated Raney nickel catalyst is characterized by comprising the following steps:
mixing the inactivated raney nickel with dimethylformamide to prepare a mixed solution;
sending the mixed solution to an ultrasonic oil bath, heating to a first preset temperature to perform ultrasonic cleaning to remove the organic macromolecular polymers on the inactivated Raney nickel, and preserving heat for 2 hours to prepare a pretreatment mixed solution;
cooling the pretreated mixed solution to 60 ℃, and removing the liquid by suction filtration to obtain a Raney nickel filter cake;
heating deionized water to 90 ℃ till boiling, mixing the deionized water with the Raney nickel filter cake to wash the Raney nickel filter cake, and repeatedly washing for three times;
mixing the Raney nickel filter cake with clear water to prepare a mixed solution to be treated;
heating the mixed solution to be treated to a second preset temperature, adding a sodium hydroxide solution to prepare raney nickel treated by alkaline water, and preserving heat for 6 hours;
leaching the raney nickel treated by the alkaline water, washing with alcohol by using methanol, and washing with alcohol for multiple times until the water content of the methanol after washing is less than or equal to 0.5%;
and (3) carrying out hydrogenation activation on the alcohol-washed Raney nickel by taking methanol as a solvent to prepare regenerated Raney nickel.
2. The method for regenerating a raney nickel catalyst deactivated by pymetrozine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first predetermined temperature is 100-105 ℃.
3. The method for regenerating a pymetrozine-inactivated raney nickel catalyst as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the ultrasonic cleaning process, the ultrasonic wave wavelength is 16mm, and the cleaning time is 0.5h-3 h.
4. The method for regenerating a raney nickel catalyst deactivated by pymetrozine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second predetermined temperature is 50-65 ℃.
5. The method for regenerating a pymetrozine-deactivated raney nickel catalyst as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hydrogenation activation comprises the steps of:
controlling the pH value of the alcohol-washed Raney nickel to be below 9, and adding the alcohol-washed Raney nickel into a hydrogenation reaction kettle;
and controlling the hydrogen pressure to be 6-7 MPa so as to hydrogenate the alcohol-washed Raney nickel.
6. The method for regenerating a raney nickel catalyst inactivated by pymetrozine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concentration of sodium hydroxide is 20-32%.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011415052.7A CN112517024A (en) | 2020-12-03 | 2020-12-03 | Method for regenerating inactivated pirimiphos-methyl Raney nickel catalyst |
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| CN202011415052.7A CN112517024A (en) | 2020-12-03 | 2020-12-03 | Method for regenerating inactivated pirimiphos-methyl Raney nickel catalyst |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN118064929A (en) * | 2024-04-19 | 2024-05-24 | 保时来新材料科技(苏州)有限公司 | Raney nickel catalyst activation additive and preparation method and application thereof |
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