CN112516237A - 一种宠物用杀菌除臭喷雾剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种宠物用杀菌除臭喷雾剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种宠物用杀菌除臭喷雾剂及其制备方法。以重量份数计,每100份所述宠物用杀菌除臭喷雾剂中,成分是:复方中药提取液50~70份、十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵0.05~0.10份,其余为纯化水。其中复方中药提取液,以重量份数计,由白芷15~25份、金银花15~25份、蒲公英5~15份、大叶桉3~5份、野菊花3~5份、郁金香3~5份和广藿香3~5份制成。制备方法为:(1)混合得原药材混合物;(2)提取得浓缩的提取液;(3)将复方中药提取液冷至室温,加入十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵搅拌,过滤,定容,灭菌,灌装即得。本发明宠物用杀菌除臭喷雾剂性状温和,使用安全方便。所用制备方法工艺简单,成本低廉,适合工业化放大生产,适于市场推广。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于杀菌喷雾剂技术领域,具体涉及一种宠物用杀菌除臭喷雾剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着人们生活水平的日益提升,宠物逐渐成为人们生活的一部分。在宠物的养殖过程中,容易出现感染病菌以及发臭的问题,威胁宠物的健康,降低人类生活质量。
通过空气消毒,可有效消除环境中病毒性流行病、传染病致病微生物,从而切断流行途径,防止感染。但现有的中药空气消毒剂,抑菌效果不明显,且使用量大,成本高。例如,现有技术CN 109432348 A公开了一种宠物消毒除臭剂,将青蒿43~45重量份、姜黄31~33重量份、威灵仙31~33重量份、细辛27~29重量份、银杏果23~25重量份、柠檬草15~17重量份、桂花8~10重量份、栀子花8~10重量份洗净,粉碎,经超声波辅助乙醇、丙酮、醋酸提取。该发明采用的丙酮对环境造成污染,同时在制备时采用超声波辅助提取,设备耗能成本较高。如果以采用化学药剂为主进行消毒杀菌除异味,有可能造成宠物中毒或产生耐药性,且对人体健康产生危害,给防治和周围环境带来巨大压力。例如,现有技术CN108245449A公开了一种宠物消毒杀菌除臭剂,包含以下物质:双十八烷基二甲基氯化铵、双癸基二甲基氯化铵、苯扎溴铵、戊二醛、纯植物提取液、植物精油,蒸馏水。因此,研制一种抑菌效果显著、使用安全、低毒低残留、气味芳香,并且原料来源广、价格低廉、制备工艺简单、有利于大规模推广的宠物用杀菌除臭喷雾剂及其制备方法,成为当务之急。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种宠物用杀菌除臭喷雾剂及其制备方法,解决市场宠物杀菌除臭产品添加化学溶剂、香精与色素,安全性差,易产生耐药性,成本高等问题,提高除臭效果,同时该杀菌除臭喷雾剂中性温和,低毒高效,适于市场推广。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
第一方面,本发明提供一种宠物用杀菌除臭喷雾剂,以重量份数计,每100份所述宠物用杀菌除臭喷雾剂中,其成分是:复方中药提取液50~70份、十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵0.05~0.10份,其余为纯化水。其中复方中药提取液,以重量份数计,由白芷15~25份、金银花15~25份、蒲公英5~15份、大叶桉3~5份、野菊花3~5份、郁金香3~5份和广藿香3~5份制成。
优选地,一种宠物用杀菌除臭喷雾剂,以重量份数计,每100份所述宠物用杀菌除臭喷雾剂中,其成分是:复方中药提取液70份、十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵0.08份,其余为纯化水。其中复方中药提取液,以重量份数计,由白芷25份、金银花15份、蒲公英10份、大叶桉5份、野菊花5份、郁金香5份和广藿香5份制成。
优选地,一种宠物用杀菌除臭喷雾剂,以重量份数计,每100份所述宠物用杀菌除臭喷雾剂中,其成分是:复方中药提取液65份、十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵0.09份,其余为纯化水。其中复方中药提取液,以重量份数计,由白芷20份、金银花15份、蒲公英10份、大叶桉5份、野菊花5份、郁金香5份和广藿香5份制成。
优选地,一种宠物用杀菌除臭喷雾剂,以重量份数计,每100份所述宠物用杀菌除臭喷雾剂中,其成分是:复方中药提取液60份、十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵0.10份,其余为纯化水。其中复方中药提取液,以重量份数计,由白芷20份、金银花15份、蒲公英10份、大叶桉4份、野菊花4份、郁金香4份和广藿香3份制成。
第二方面,本发明提供一种宠物用杀菌除臭喷雾剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)混合得原药材混合物:按上述比例称取白芷、金银花、蒲公英、大叶桉、野菊花、郁金香、广藿香原药材,粉碎、混合;
(2)提取得浓缩的提取液:将步骤(1)的原药材混合物,按照原药材质量:水=1g:5~12mL的比例加纯化水浸泡1~2h后,煎煮2~4次,每次提取加纯化水5~12倍,每次1~2小时,合并药液,滤过,70~95℃浓缩即得提取液,每1mL提取液相当于生药0.8~1.2g;
(3)将步骤(2)中复方中药提取液冷至室温,加入双链季铵盐,即十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化,搅拌均匀,过滤,再用纯化水定容,灭菌,灌装入喷雾器中。
进一步,所述一种宠物用杀菌除臭喷雾剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)混合得原药材混合物:按比例称取白芷、金银花、蒲公英、大叶桉、野菊花、郁金香、广藿香原药材,粉碎、混合;
(2)提取得浓缩的提取液:将步骤(1)原药材混合物,按照原药材质量:水=7g:80mL的比例加纯化水浸泡1h后,煎煮3次,每次提取加纯化水量相同,每次1小时,合并药液,滤过,75℃浓缩即得提取液,每1mL提取液相当于生药1.0g;
(3)将步骤(2)中复方中药提取液冷至室温,每100g杀菌除臭喷雾剂中加入0.08g双链季铵盐,即十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵,搅拌均匀,再用纯化水定容,过滤、灭菌,灌装入100ml/瓶的喷雾器中。
本发明中药组方中,白芷在体外对大肠杆菌、宋氏和弗氏痢疾杆菌、变形杆菌、伤寒和副伤寒杆菌、绿脓杆菌、霍乱弧菌、某些革兰阳性细菌及人型结核杆菌等有不同程度的抑制作用。试管内对絮状表皮癣菌、石膏样小芽胞癣菌、羊毛状小芽胞癣菌,1:3水浸剂对奥杜盎小芽胞癣菌,1:10煎剂对同心性毛癣菌、堇色毛癣菌和絮状表皮癣菌等,有不同程度的抑制作用。
金银花含有绿原酸、木犀草素苷等药理活性成分,对溶血性链球菌、金黄葡萄球菌等多种致病菌及上呼吸道感染致病病毒等有较强的抑制力,另外还可增强免疫力、抗早孕、护肝、抗肿瘤、消炎、解热、止血(凝血)、抑制肠道吸收胆固醇等,其临床用途非常广泛,可与其它药物配伍用于治疗呼吸道感染、菌痢、急性泌尿系统感染、高血压等40余种病症。
蒲公英煎剂或浸剂,对金黄色葡萄球菌、溶血性链球菌及卡他球菌有较强的抑制作用,对肺炎双球菌、脑膜炎双球菌、白喉杆菌、福氏痢疾杆菌、绿脓杆菌及钩端螺旋体等也有一定的抑制作用,和TMP(磺胺增效剂)之间有增效作用。尚有利胆、保肝、抗内毒素及利尿作用,其利胆效果较茵陈煎剂更为显著。蒲公英地上部分水提取物能活化巨噬细胞,有抗肿瘤作用。
大叶桉抗菌力较强,抗菌谱亦广。大叶桉水煎剂对金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎球菌、八叠球菌、甲型链球菌、奈瑟球菌、痢疾杆菌、绿脓杆菌、大肠杆菌、伤寒杆菌、副伤寒杆菌均有抑制作用。并对流感病毒也有抑制作用。
野菊花有抗病原微生物作用,对金黄色葡萄球菌、白喉杆菌、痢疾杆菌、流感病毒、疱疹病毒以及钩端螺旋体均有抑制作用。研究表明野菊花有显著的抗炎作用,但其所含抗炎成分及机理不同,其挥发油对化学性致炎因子引起的炎症作用强,而其水提取物则对异性蛋白致炎因子引起的炎症作用较好。
郁金香中的郁金香甙A、B、C对枯草杆菌有抑制作用。郁金香汁通过阳离子及阴离子交换树脂后,对金黄色葡萄球菌仍有抗菌作用。
广藿香中的广藿香酮体对白色含珠菌、新型隐球菌、黑根霉等真菌有明显的抑制作用,对甲型溶血性链球菌等细菌也有一定的抑制作用。广藿香叶鲜汁对金黄色葡萄球菌、白色葡萄球菌及枯草杆菌的生长也有定的抑制作用。其鲜汁滴耳(4滴/次,每日3次)能治疗金黄色葡萄球菌所致的急性实验性豚鼠外耳道炎。广藿香酮能抑制青霉菌等霉菌的生长,可用于口服液的防腐。
双链季铵盐,即十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵(1227)是一种阳离子表面活性剂,属非氧化性杀菌剂,具有广谱、高效的杀菌灭藻能力,能有效地控制水中菌藻繁殖和粘泥生长,并具有良好的粘泥剥离作用和一定的分散、渗透作用,同时具有一定的去油、除臭能力和缓蚀作用。1227毒性小,无积累性毒性,并易溶于水,并不受水硬度影响,因此广泛应用于石油、化工、电力、纺织等行业的循环冷却水系统中,用以控制循环冷却水系统菌藻滋生,对杀灭硫酸盐还原菌有特效。1227可作为纺织印染行业的杀菌防霉剂及柔软剂、抗静电剂、乳化剂、调理剂等。1227适用于畜禽环境消毒,饮用消毒;鱼、虾、蟹、贝各种水产动物外用消毒。在本发明中,十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵既发挥了消毒剂的作用,又起到了防腐剂的作用。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明所述宠物用杀菌除臭喷雾剂,性状温和,使用安全方便,包含各种天然中草药,能有效抑菌,止痒,除臭,同时避免宠物身上的病菌在与人类的亲密接触过程中进行传播,从而保障人类的健康。本发明所述杀菌除臭喷雾剂制备方法工艺简单,成本低廉,对设备要求低,环境友好,适合工业化放大生产,适于市场推广。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于说明本发明,但不用来限定本发明的保护范围。若未特别指明,实施例中所用技术手段为本领域技术人员所熟知的常规手段。下述实施例中的试验方法,如无特别说明,均为常规方法。
实施例1
(1)混合得原药材混合物:称取白芷25g、金银花15g、蒲公英10g、大叶桉5g、野菊花5g、郁金香5g、广藿香5g,共计70g,粉碎、混合;
(2)提取得浓缩的提取液:将步骤(1)原药材混合物,加800mL纯化水浸泡1h后,煎煮3次,每次提取加纯化水800mL,每次1小时,合并药液,滤过,75℃浓缩即得提取液,每1mL提取液相当于生药1.0g;
(3)将步骤(2)中复方中药提取液冷至室温,加入十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵0.08g,搅拌均匀,再用纯化水定容,过滤、灭菌,灌装入100mL/瓶的喷雾器中,即得100mL/瓶的宠物用杀菌除臭喷雾剂。
实施例2
(1)混合得原药材混合物:称取白芷100g、金银花75g、蒲公英50g、大叶桉25g、野菊花25g、郁金香25g、广藿香25g,共计325g,粉碎、混合;
(2)提取得浓缩的提取液:将步骤(1)原药材混合物,加3000mL纯化水浸泡1.5h后,煎煮2次,每次提取加纯化水3000mL,每次1.5小时,合并药液,滤过,70℃浓缩即得提取液,每1mL提取液相当于生药1.0g;
(3)将步骤(2)中复方中药提取液冷至室温,加入十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵0.45g,搅拌均匀,再用纯化水定容,过滤、灭菌,灌装入500mL/瓶的喷雾器中,即得500mL/瓶的宠物用杀菌除臭喷雾剂。
实施例3
(1)混合得原药材混合物:称取白芷200g、金银花150g、蒲公英100g、大叶桉40g、野菊花40g、郁金香40g、广藿香30g,共计600g,粉碎、混合;
(2)提取得浓缩的提取液:将步骤(1)原药材混合物,加6000mL纯化水浸泡2h后,煎煮4次,每次提取加纯化水6000mL,每次2小时,合并药液,滤过,80℃浓缩即得提取液,每1mL提取液相当于生药1.0g;
(3)将步骤(2)中复方中药提取液冷至室温,加入十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵1.00g,搅拌均匀,再用纯化水定容,过滤、灭菌,灌装入1000mL/瓶的喷雾器中,即得1000mL/瓶的宠物用杀菌除臭喷雾剂。
上述实施例制备的宠物用杀菌除臭喷雾剂为淡棕褐色澄清液体,微生物限度符合《中华人民共和国兽药典》2020版要求。
对比例1
与实施例3相比,不含白芷和金银花,其他与实施例3相同。
对比例2
与实施例3相比,不含蒲公英和大叶桉,其他与实施例3相同。
对比例3
与实施例3相比,不含野菊花和郁金香,其他与实施例3相同。
对比例4
与实施例3相比,白芷50g,金银花50g,其他与实施例3相同。
对比例5
与实施例3相比,蒲公英50g,广藿香10g,其他与实施例3相同。
试验例1杀菌试验
宠物用杀菌除臭喷雾剂对养有宠物的家庭现场进行杀菌消毒测试试验,验证实施例1~实施例3、对比例1~对比例5宠物用杀菌除臭喷雾剂对养有宠物家庭的表面自然菌的杀灭作用。
试验试剂与材料:
磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS,0.03mol/L,pH 7.2)、稀释液(含0.1%吐温80的PBS溶液)、无菌棉拭子、规格板(用不锈钢材料制备,中央留有5.0cm×5.0cm的空格作为采样部位)和营养琼脂培养基。
试验方法:
(1)随机选取桌面,用规格板标定2块面积各为25cm2的区块,一供消毒前采样,一供消毒后采样。
(2)消毒前,将无菌棉拭子于含5ml稀释液试管中沾湿,对一区块涂抹采样,横竖往返各8次。采样后,以无菌操作方式将棉拭子采样端剪入原稀释液试管内,震荡20s或振打80次,做适当稀释后,作为阳性对照组样本。
(3)将宠物用杀菌除臭喷雾剂直接喷雾于采样区进行除臭消毒,作用30min,然后将无菌棉拭子于含5ml稀释液试管中沾湿,对除臭消毒区块涂抹采样,横竖往返各8次。采样后,以无菌操作方式将棉拭子采样端剪入原释液试管内,电动混匀器震荡20s或振打80次,作为除臭消毒组样本。
(4)试验结束后,将用过的同批次中和剂、稀释液各1.0ml接种培养基,作为阴性对照组样本。
(5)将阳性对照组、阴性对照组和除臭消毒组样本,每份吸取1.0ml,以琼脂倾注法接种平皿,每个样本接种2个平皿,放37℃恒温箱中培养48h,观察最终结果。
(6)计算杀灭对数值
试验重复3次,计算各组的菌落数量(cfu),并换算为对数值(N),然后按下式计算杀灭对数值:
杀灭对数值(KL)=对照组平均活菌浓度的对数值(No)-实验组活菌浓度对数值(Nx)
评价规定:
检测样本数为30份。试验重复3次,阳性对照组应有较多细菌生长,阴性对组应无菌生长,消毒样本的平均杀灭对数值≥1,可判为消毒合格。
试验结果:阳性对照组960cfu每25cm2,阴性对组无菌生长,实施例1~实施例3各组平均杀灭对数值均大于等于1,消毒合格。对比例1~对比例5杀菌效果均显著低于实施例1~实施例3,平均杀灭对数值均小于1,消毒不合格。因此,实施例1~实施例3制备的宠物用杀菌除臭喷雾剂配伍合理,用量适当,能够能有效杀菌,效果显著。如表1所示。
表1现场杀菌消毒测试结果
不同配方 | 平均杀灭对数值 |
实施例1 | 1.22 |
实施例2 | 1.18 |
实施例3 | 1.35 |
对比例1 | 0.87 |
对比例2 | 0.79 |
对比例3 | 0.82 |
对比例4 | 0.71 |
对比例5 | 0.85 |
试验例2宠物狗窝室内消毒试验试验方法:沉降平板法(自然沉降法)。采用沉降平板法(自然沉降法)对空气消毒前后各采样一次,检测空气中微生物水平。消毒时均匀喷洒实施例3宠物用杀菌除臭喷雾剂。将灭菌后配制好的普通营养琼脂培养基(每个约20mL)倒入无菌平皿内,盖好,置于无菌操作台上,室温冷却凝固,保鲜膜密封,置于4℃冰箱中冷藏备用。在放置宠物狗窝的室内设3个采样点,即室内对角线四等分的3个等分点上,标记依次为前、中、后。采样高度1.2m。打开平皿,暴露时间15min。待采样结束后,盖好平皿盖,倒置于37℃恒温培养箱中,48h后进行菌落计数。试验结果见表2。
表2室内消毒试验结果
注:“S前”表示试验前菌落数,“S后”表示试验后菌落数。杀菌率=(消毒前菌落数-消毒后菌落数)/消毒前菌落数×100%。
由表2可知,本发明制备的宠物用杀菌除臭喷雾剂的杀菌率最小为88.72%,最高为90.67%,平均为89.60%,属实际应用有效的杀菌消毒剂。
试验例3毒理性试验:
急性经口毒性试验:实验组:昆明种小白鼠30只,随机分为3组,每组10只,雌雄各半,体重18~21g。取禁食16h小白鼠,将实施例3杀菌除臭喷雾剂按3000mg/kg·bw量、4000mg/kg·bw、5000mg/kg·bw量,一次性经口灌胃给予,连续观察14d,记录中毒表现及死亡情况。阴性对照组:试验动物10只,雌雄各半,体重17~22g,给予等量无菌蒸馏水,与试验组同时对照观察。结果:小鼠急性经口LD50大于5000mg/kg·bw。根据急性经口毒性分级标准,本发明制备的宠物用杀菌除臭喷雾剂对小鼠急性经口毒性属于实际无毒级。
亚急性毒性试验:实验组:SD大鼠30只,随机分为3组,每组10只,雌雄各半,体重85~118g,将实施例3杀菌除臭喷雾剂按每次250mg/kg·bw量、500mg/kg·bw量、1000mg/kg·bw量经口灌胃给予试验大鼠,每天给予一次,连续30d,看有无任何中毒症状;阴性对照组:试验动物10只,雌雄各半,体重83~119g,不给予杀菌除臭喷雾剂,与试验组同时对照观察。结果:杀菌除臭喷雾剂各剂量组动物的一般状况、期末体重增长、进食量、食物利用率、血常规、凝血、血生化及尿常规等指标,与正常对照组比较,均未见明显差异;病理学检查未见与受试物有关的病理性改变。
毒理性试验的结果表明,本发明提供的杀菌除臭喷雾剂安全低毒。
凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。本发明还可有其他多种实施例,在不背离本发明精神及其实质的情况下,熟悉本领域的技术人员当可根据本发明作出各种相应的改变和变形,但这些相应的改变和变形都应属于本发明所附的权利要求的保护范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种宠物用杀菌除臭喷雾剂,其特征在于,以重量份数计,每100份所述宠物用杀菌除臭喷雾剂中,其成分是:复方中药提取液50~70份、十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵0.05~0.10份,其余为纯化水;其中复方中药提取液,以重量份数计,由白芷15~25份、金银花15~25份、蒲公英5~15份、大叶桉3~5份、野菊花3~5份、郁金香3~5份和广藿香3~5份制成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种宠物用杀菌除臭喷雾剂,其特征在于,以重量份数计,每100份所述宠物用杀菌除臭喷雾剂中,其成分是:复方中药提取液70份、十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵0.08份,其余为纯化水;其中复方中药提取液,以重量份数计,由白芷25份、金银花15份、蒲公英10份、大叶桉5份、野菊花5份、郁金香5份和广藿香5份制成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种宠物用杀菌除臭喷雾剂,其特征在于,以重量份数计,每100份所述宠物用杀菌除臭喷雾剂中,其成分是:复方中药提取液65份、十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵0.09份,其余为纯化水;其中复方中药提取液,以重量份数计,由白芷20份、金银花15份、蒲公英10份、大叶桉5份、野菊花5份、郁金香5份和广藿香5份制成。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种宠物用杀菌除臭喷雾剂,其特征在于,以重量份数计,每100份所述宠物用杀菌除臭喷雾剂中,其成分是:复方中药提取液60份、十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵0.10份,其余为纯化水;其中复方中药提取液,以重量份数计,由白芷20份、金银花15份、蒲公英10份、大叶桉4份、野菊花4份、郁金香4份和广藿香3份制成。
5.权利要求1所述的一种宠物用杀菌除臭喷雾剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)混合得原药材混合物:按比例称取白芷、金银花、蒲公英、大叶桉、野菊花、郁金香、广藿香原药材,粉碎、混合;
(2)提取得浓缩的提取液:将步骤(1)的原药材混合物,按照原药材质量:水=1g:5~12mL的比例加纯化水浸泡1~2h后,煎煮2~4次,每次提取加纯化水5~12倍,每次1~2小时,合并药液,滤过,70~95℃浓缩即得提取液,每1mL提取液相当于生药0.8~1.2g;
(3)将步骤(2)中复方中药提取液冷至室温,加入双链季铵盐,即十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化,搅拌均匀,过滤,再用纯化水定容,灭菌,灌装入喷雾器中。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种宠物用杀菌除臭喷雾剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)混合得原药材混合物:按比例称取白芷、金银花、蒲公英、大叶桉、野菊花、郁金香、广藿香原药材,粉碎、混合;
(2)提取得浓缩的提取液:将步骤(1)原药材混合物,按照原药材质量:水=7g:80mL的比例加纯化水浸泡1h后,煎煮3次,每次提取加纯化水量相同,每次1小时,合并药液,滤过,75℃浓缩即得提取液,每1mL提取液相当于生药1.0g;
(3)将步骤(2)中复方中药提取液冷至室温,每100g杀菌除臭喷雾剂中加入0.08g双链季铵盐,即十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵,搅拌均匀,再用纯化水定容,过滤、灭菌,灌装入喷雾器中。
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